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1//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2// Copyright (C) 2010 Hector Martin "marcan" <marcan@marcansoft.com>
3//
4// This code is licensed to you under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or,
5// at your option, any later version. See the LICENSE.txt file for the text of
6// the license.
7//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
8// ELF file flasher
9//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
10
11#include <stdio.h>
12#include <string.h>
13#include <stdlib.h>
14#include <inttypes.h>
15#include <unistd.h>
16#include "proxmark3.h"
17#include "util.h"
18#include "flash.h"
19#include "elf.h"
20#include "proxendian.h"
21#include "usb_cmd.h"
22
23void SendCommand(UsbCommand* txcmd);
24void ReceiveCommand(UsbCommand* rxcmd);
25void CloseProxmark();
26int OpenProxmark(size_t i);
27
28// FIXME: what the fuckity fuck
29unsigned int current_command = CMD_UNKNOWN;
30
31#define FLASH_START 0x100000
32#define FLASH_SIZE (256*1024)
33#define FLASH_END (FLASH_START + FLASH_SIZE)
34#define BOOTLOADER_SIZE 0x2000
35#define BOOTLOADER_END (FLASH_START + BOOTLOADER_SIZE)
36
37#define BLOCK_SIZE 0x200
38
39static const uint8_t elf_ident[] = {
40 0x7f, 'E', 'L', 'F',
41 ELFCLASS32,
42 ELFDATA2LSB,
43 EV_CURRENT
44};
45
46// Turn PHDRs into flasher segments, checking for PHDR sanity and merging adjacent
47// unaligned segments if needed
48static int build_segs_from_phdrs(flash_file_t *ctx, FILE *fd, Elf32_Phdr *phdrs, int num_phdrs)
49{
50 Elf32_Phdr *phdr = phdrs;
51 flash_seg_t *seg;
52 uint32_t last_end = 0;
53
54 ctx->segments = malloc(sizeof(flash_seg_t) * num_phdrs);
55 if (!ctx->segments) {
56 fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
57 return -1;
58 }
59 ctx->num_segs = 0;
60 seg = ctx->segments;
61
62 fprintf(stderr, "Loading usable ELF segments:\n");
63 for (int i = 0; i < num_phdrs; i++) {
64 if (le32(phdr->p_type) != PT_LOAD) {
65 phdr++;
66 continue;
67 }
68 uint32_t vaddr = le32(phdr->p_vaddr);
69 uint32_t paddr = le32(phdr->p_paddr);
70 uint32_t filesz = le32(phdr->p_filesz);
71 uint32_t memsz = le32(phdr->p_memsz);
72 uint32_t offset = le32(phdr->p_offset);
73 uint32_t flags = le32(phdr->p_flags);
74 if (!filesz) {
75 phdr++;
76 continue;
77 }
78 fprintf(stderr, "%d: V 0x%08x P 0x%08x (0x%08x->0x%08x) [%c%c%c] @0x%x\n",
79 i, vaddr, paddr, filesz, memsz,
80 flags & PF_R ? 'R' : ' ',
81 flags & PF_W ? 'W' : ' ',
82 flags & PF_X ? 'X' : ' ',
83 offset);
84 if (filesz != memsz) {
85 fprintf(stderr, "Error: PHDR file size does not equal memory size\n"
86 "(DATA+BSS PHDRs do not make sense on ROM platforms!)\n");
87 return -1;
88 }
89 if (paddr < last_end) {
90 fprintf(stderr, "Error: PHDRs not sorted or overlap\n");
91 return -1;
92 }
93 if (paddr < FLASH_START || (paddr+filesz) > FLASH_END) {
94 fprintf(stderr, "Error: PHDR is not contained in Flash\n");
95 return -1;
96 }
97 if (vaddr >= FLASH_START && vaddr < FLASH_END && (flags & PF_W)) {
98 fprintf(stderr, "Error: Flash VMA segment is writable\n");
99 return -1;
100 }
101
102 uint8_t *data;
103 // make extra space if we need to move the data forward
104 data = malloc(filesz + BLOCK_SIZE);
105 if (!data) {
106 fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
107 return -1;
108 }
109 if (fseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0 || fread(data, 1, filesz, fd) != filesz) {
110 fprintf(stderr, "Error while reading PHDR payload\n");
111 free(data);
112 return -1;
113 }
114
115 uint32_t block_offset = paddr & (BLOCK_SIZE-1);
116 if (block_offset) {
117 if (ctx->num_segs) {
118 flash_seg_t *prev_seg = seg - 1;
119 uint32_t this_end = paddr + filesz;
120 uint32_t this_firstblock = paddr & ~(BLOCK_SIZE-1);
121 uint32_t prev_lastblock = (last_end - 1) & ~(BLOCK_SIZE-1);
122
123 if (this_firstblock == prev_lastblock) {
124 uint32_t new_length = this_end - prev_seg->start;
125 uint32_t this_offset = paddr - prev_seg->start;
126 uint32_t hole = this_offset - prev_seg->length;
127 uint8_t *new_data = malloc(new_length);
128 if (!new_data) {
129 fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
130 free(data);
131 return -1;
132 }
133 memset(new_data, 0xff, new_length);
134 memcpy(new_data, prev_seg->data, prev_seg->length);
135 memcpy(new_data + this_offset, data, filesz);
136 fprintf(stderr, "Note: Extending previous segment from 0x%x to 0x%x bytes\n",
137 prev_seg->length, new_length);
138 if (hole)
139 fprintf(stderr, "Note: 0x%x-byte hole created\n", hole);
140 free(data);
141 free(prev_seg->data);
142 prev_seg->data = new_data;
143 prev_seg->length = new_length;
144 last_end = this_end;
145 phdr++;
146 continue;
147 }
148 }
149 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: segment does not begin on a block boundary, will pad\n");
150 memmove(data + block_offset, data, filesz);
151 memset(data, 0xFF, block_offset);
152 filesz += block_offset;
153 paddr -= block_offset;
154 }
155
156 seg->data = data;
157 seg->start = paddr;
158 seg->length = filesz;
159 seg++;
160 ctx->num_segs++;
161
162 last_end = paddr + filesz;
163 phdr++;
164 }
165 return 0;
166}
167
168// Sanity check segments and check for bootloader writes
169static int check_segs(flash_file_t *ctx, int can_write_bl) {
170 for (int i = 0; i < ctx->num_segs; i++) {
171 flash_seg_t *seg = &ctx->segments[i];
172
173 if (seg->start & (BLOCK_SIZE-1)) {
174 fprintf(stderr, "Error: Segment is not aligned\n");
175 return -1;
176 }
177 if (seg->start < FLASH_START) {
178 fprintf(stderr, "Error: Segment is outside of flash bounds\n");
179 return -1;
180 }
181 if (seg->start + seg->length > FLASH_END) {
182 fprintf(stderr, "Error: Segment is outside of flash bounds\n");
183 return -1;
184 }
185 if (!can_write_bl && seg->start < BOOTLOADER_END) {
186 fprintf(stderr, "Attempted to write bootloader but bootloader writes are not enabled\n");
187 return -1;
188 }
189 }
190 return 0;
191}
192
193// Load an ELF file and prepare it for flashing
194int flash_load(flash_file_t *ctx, const char *name, int can_write_bl)
195{
196 FILE *fd = NULL;
197 Elf32_Ehdr ehdr;
198 Elf32_Phdr *phdrs = NULL;
199 int num_phdrs;
200 int res;
201
202 fd = fopen(name, "rb");
203 if (!fd) {
204 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open file '%s': ", name);
205 perror(NULL);
206 goto fail;
207 }
208
209 fprintf(stderr, "Loading ELF file '%s'...\n", name);
210
211 if (fread(&ehdr, sizeof(ehdr), 1, fd) != 1) {
212 fprintf(stderr, "Error while reading ELF file header\n");
213 goto fail;
214 }
215 if (memcmp(ehdr.e_ident, elf_ident, sizeof(elf_ident))
216 || le32(ehdr.e_version) != 1)
217 {
218 fprintf(stderr, "Not an ELF file or wrong ELF type\n");
219 goto fail;
220 }
221 if (le16(ehdr.e_type) != ET_EXEC) {
222 fprintf(stderr, "ELF is not executable\n");
223 goto fail;
224 }
225 if (le16(ehdr.e_machine) != EM_ARM) {
226 fprintf(stderr, "Wrong ELF architecture\n");
227 goto fail;
228 }
229 if (!ehdr.e_phnum || !ehdr.e_phoff) {
230 fprintf(stderr, "ELF has no PHDRs\n");
231 goto fail;
232 }
233 if (le16(ehdr.e_phentsize) != sizeof(Elf32_Phdr)) {
234 // could be a structure padding issue...
235 fprintf(stderr, "Either the ELF file or this code is made of fail\n");
236 goto fail;
237 }
238 num_phdrs = le16(ehdr.e_phnum);
239
240 phdrs = malloc(le16(ehdr.e_phnum) * sizeof(Elf32_Phdr));
241 if (!phdrs) {
242 fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
243 goto fail;
244 }
245 if (fseek(fd, le32(ehdr.e_phoff), SEEK_SET) < 0) {
246 fprintf(stderr, "Error while reading ELF PHDRs\n");
247 goto fail;
248 }
249 if (fread(phdrs, sizeof(Elf32_Phdr), num_phdrs, fd) != num_phdrs) {
250 fprintf(stderr, "Error while reading ELF PHDRs\n");
251 goto fail;
252 }
253
254 res = build_segs_from_phdrs(ctx, fd, phdrs, num_phdrs);
255 if (res < 0)
256 goto fail;
257 res = check_segs(ctx, can_write_bl);
258 if (res < 0)
259 goto fail;
260
261 free(phdrs);
262 fclose(fd);
263 ctx->filename = name;
264 return 0;
265
266fail:
267 if (phdrs)
268 free(phdrs);
269 if (fd)
270 fclose(fd);
271 flash_free(ctx);
272 return -1;
273}
274
275// Get the state of the proxmark, backwards compatible
276static int get_proxmark_state(uint32_t *state)
277{
278 UsbCommand c;
279 c.cmd = CMD_DEVICE_INFO;
280 SendCommand(&c);
281 UsbCommand resp;
282 ReceiveCommand(&resp);
283
284 // Three outcomes:
285 // 1. The old bootrom code will ignore CMD_DEVICE_INFO, but respond with an ACK
286 // 2. The old os code will respond with CMD_DEBUG_PRINT_STRING and "unknown command"
287 // 3. The new bootrom and os codes will respond with CMD_DEVICE_INFO and flags
288
289 switch (resp.cmd) {
290 case CMD_ACK:
291 *state = DEVICE_INFO_FLAG_CURRENT_MODE_BOOTROM;
292 break;
293 case CMD_DEBUG_PRINT_STRING:
294 *state = DEVICE_INFO_FLAG_CURRENT_MODE_OS;
295 break;
296 case CMD_DEVICE_INFO:
297 *state = resp.arg[0];
298 break;
299 default:
300 fprintf(stderr, "Error: Couldn't get proxmark state, bad response type: 0x%04" PRIx64 "\n", resp.cmd);
301 return -1;
302 break;
303 }
304
305 return 0;
306}
307
308// Enter the bootloader to be able to start flashing
309static int enter_bootloader(char *serial_port_name)
310{
311 uint32_t state;
312
313 if (get_proxmark_state(&state) < 0)
314 return -1;
315
316 if (state & DEVICE_INFO_FLAG_CURRENT_MODE_BOOTROM) {
317 /* Already in flash state, we're done. */
318 return 0;
319 }
320
321 if (state & DEVICE_INFO_FLAG_CURRENT_MODE_OS) {
322 fprintf(stderr,"Entering bootloader...\n");
323 UsbCommand c;
324 memset(&c, 0, sizeof (c));
325
326 if ((state & DEVICE_INFO_FLAG_BOOTROM_PRESENT)
327 && (state & DEVICE_INFO_FLAG_OSIMAGE_PRESENT))
328 {
329 // New style handover: Send CMD_START_FLASH, which will reset the board
330 // and enter the bootrom on the next boot.
331 c.cmd = CMD_START_FLASH;
332 SendCommand(&c);
333 fprintf(stderr,"(Press and release the button only to abort)\n");
334 } else {
335 // Old style handover: Ask the user to press the button, then reset the board
336 c.cmd = CMD_HARDWARE_RESET;
337 SendCommand(&c);
338 fprintf(stderr,"Press and hold down button NOW if your bootloader requires it.\n");
339 }
340 msleep(100);
341 CloseProxmark();
342
343 fprintf(stderr,"Waiting for Proxmark to reappear on %s",serial_port_name);
344 do {
345 sleep(1);
346 fprintf(stderr, ".");
347 } while (!OpenProxmark(0));
348 fprintf(stderr," Found.\n");
349
350 return 0;
351 }
352
353 fprintf(stderr, "Error: Unknown Proxmark mode\n");
354 return -1;
355}
356
357static int wait_for_ack(void)
358{
359 UsbCommand ack;
360 ReceiveCommand(&ack);
361 if (ack.cmd != CMD_ACK) {
362 printf("Error: Unexpected reply 0x%04" PRIx64 " (expected ACK)\n", ack.cmd);
363 return -1;
364 }
365 return 0;
366}
367
368// Go into flashing mode
369int flash_start_flashing(int enable_bl_writes,char *serial_port_name)
370{
371 uint32_t state;
372
373 if (enter_bootloader(serial_port_name) < 0)
374 return -1;
375
376 if (get_proxmark_state(&state) < 0)
377 return -1;
378
379 if (state & DEVICE_INFO_FLAG_UNDERSTANDS_START_FLASH) {
380 // This command is stupid. Why the heck does it care which area we're
381 // flashing, as long as it's not the bootloader area? The mind boggles.
382 UsbCommand c = {CMD_START_FLASH};
383
384 if (enable_bl_writes) {
385 c.arg[0] = FLASH_START;
386 c.arg[1] = FLASH_END;
387 c.arg[2] = START_FLASH_MAGIC;
388 } else {
389 c.arg[0] = BOOTLOADER_END;
390 c.arg[1] = FLASH_END;
391 c.arg[2] = 0;
392 }
393 SendCommand(&c);
394 return wait_for_ack();
395 } else {
396 fprintf(stderr, "Note: Your bootloader does not understand the new START_FLASH command\n");
397 fprintf(stderr, " It is recommended that you update your bootloader\n\n");
398 }
399
400 return 0;
401}
402
403static int write_block(uint32_t address, uint8_t *data, uint32_t length)
404{
405 uint8_t block_buf[BLOCK_SIZE];
406
407 memset(block_buf, 0xFF, BLOCK_SIZE);
408 memcpy(block_buf, data, length);
409 UsbCommand c;
410 c.cmd = CMD_FINISH_WRITE;
411 c.arg[0] = address;
412 memcpy(c.d.asBytes, block_buf, length);
413 SendCommand(&c);
414 return wait_for_ack();
415}
416
417// Write a file's segments to Flash
418int flash_write(flash_file_t *ctx)
419{
420 fprintf(stderr, "Writing segments for file: %s\n", ctx->filename);
421 for (int i = 0; i < ctx->num_segs; i++) {
422 flash_seg_t *seg = &ctx->segments[i];
423
424 uint32_t length = seg->length;
425 uint32_t blocks = (length + BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / BLOCK_SIZE;
426 uint32_t end = seg->start + length;
427
428 fprintf(stderr, " 0x%08x..0x%08x [0x%x / %d blocks]",
429 seg->start, end - 1, length, blocks);
430
431 int block = 0;
432 uint8_t *data = seg->data;
433 uint32_t baddr = seg->start;
434
435 while (length) {
436 uint32_t block_size = length;
437 if (block_size > BLOCK_SIZE)
438 block_size = BLOCK_SIZE;
439
440 if (write_block(baddr, data, block_size) < 0) {
441 fprintf(stderr, " ERROR\n");
442 fprintf(stderr, "Error writing block %d of %d\n", block, blocks);
443 return -1;
444 }
445
446 data += block_size;
447 baddr += block_size;
448 length -= block_size;
449 block++;
450 fprintf(stderr, ".");
451 }
452 fprintf(stderr, " OK\n");
453 }
454 return 0;
455}
456
457// free a file context
458void flash_free(flash_file_t *ctx)
459{
460 if (!ctx)
461 return;
462 if (ctx->segments) {
463 for (int i = 0; i < ctx->num_segs; i++)
464 free(ctx->segments[i].data);
465 free(ctx->segments);
466 ctx->segments = NULL;
467 ctx->num_segs = 0;
468 }
469}
470
471// just reset the unit
472int flash_stop_flashing(void) {
473 UsbCommand c = {CMD_HARDWARE_RESET};
474 SendCommand(&c);
475 msleep(100);
476 return 0;
477}
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