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1 /*****************************************************************************
2 * WARNING
3 *
4 * THIS CODE IS CREATED FOR EXPERIMENTATION AND EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.
5 *
6 * USAGE OF THIS CODE IN OTHER WAYS MAY INFRINGE UPON THE INTELLECTUAL
7 * PROPERTY OF OTHER PARTIES, SUCH AS INSIDE SECURE AND HID GLOBAL,
8 * AND MAY EXPOSE YOU TO AN INFRINGEMENT ACTION FROM THOSE PARTIES.
9 *
10 * THIS CODE SHOULD NEVER BE USED TO INFRINGE PATENTS OR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS.
11 *
12 *****************************************************************************
13 *
14 * This file is part of loclass. It is a reconstructon of the cipher engine
15 * used in iClass, and RFID techology.
16 *
17 * The implementation is based on the work performed by
18 * Flavio D. Garcia, Gerhard de Koning Gans, Roel Verdult and
19 * Milosch Meriac in the paper "Dismantling IClass".
20 *
21 * Copyright (C) 2014 Martin Holst Swende
22 *
23 * This is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
24 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published
25 * by the Free Software Foundation, or, at your option, any later version.
26 *
27 * This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
28 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
29 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
30 * GNU General Public License for more details.
31 *
32 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
33 * along with loclass. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
34 *
35 *
36 *
37 ****************************************************************************/
38
39 /**
40
41 This file contains an optimized version of the MAC-calculation algorithm. Some measurements on
42 a std laptop showed it runs in about 1/3 of the time:
43
44 Std: 0.428962
45 Opt: 0.151609
46
47 Additionally, it is self-reliant, not requiring e.g. bitstreams from the cipherutils, thus can
48 be easily dropped into a code base.
49
50 The optimizations have been performed in the following steps:
51 * Parameters passed by reference instead of by value.
52 * Iteration instead of recursion, un-nesting recursive loops into for-loops.
53 * Handling of bytes instead of individual bits, for less shuffling and masking
54 * Less creation of "objects", structs, and instead reuse of alloc:ed memory
55 * Inlining some functions via #define:s
56
57 As a consequence, this implementation is less generic. Also, I haven't bothered documenting this.
58 For a thorough documentation, check out the MAC-calculation within cipher.c instead.
59
60 -- MHS 2015
61 **/
62
63 #include "optimized_cipher.h"
64 #include <stddef.h>
65 #include <stdbool.h>
66 #include <stdint.h>
67
68
69 #define opt_T(s) (0x1 & ((s->t >> 15) ^ (s->t >> 14)^ (s->t >> 10)^ (s->t >> 8)^ (s->t >> 5)^ (s->t >> 4)^ (s->t >> 1)^ s->t))
70
71 #define opt_B(s) (((s->b >> 6) ^ (s->b >> 5) ^ (s->b >> 4) ^ (s->b)) & 0x1)
72
73 #define opt__select(x,y,r) (4 & (((r & (r << 2)) >> 5) ^ ((r & ~(r << 2)) >> 4) ^ ( (r | r << 2) >> 3)))\
74 |(2 & (((r | r << 2) >> 6) ^ ( (r | r << 2) >> 1) ^ (r >> 5) ^ r ^ ((x^y) << 1)))\
75 |(1 & (((r & ~(r << 2)) >> 4) ^ ((r & (r << 2)) >> 3) ^ r ^ x))
76
77 /*
78 * Some background on the expression above can be found here...
79 uint8_t xopt__select(bool x, bool y, uint8_t r)
80 {
81 uint8_t r_ls2 = r << 2;
82 uint8_t r_and_ls2 = r & r_ls2;
83 uint8_t r_or_ls2 = r | r_ls2;
84
85 //r: r0 r1 r2 r3 r4 r5 r6 r7
86 //r_ls2: r2 r3 r4 r5 r6 r7 0 0
87 // z0
88 // z1
89
90 // uint8_t z0 = (r0 & r2) ^ (r1 & ~r3) ^ (r2 | r4); // <-- original
91 uint8_t z0 = (r_and_ls2 >> 5) ^ ((r & ~r_ls2) >> 4) ^ ( r_or_ls2 >> 3);
92
93 // uint8_t z1 = (r0 | r2) ^ ( r5 | r7) ^ r1 ^ r6 ^ x ^ y; // <-- original
94 uint8_t z1 = (r_or_ls2 >> 6) ^ ( r_or_ls2 >> 1) ^ (r >> 5) ^ r ^ ((x^y) << 1);
95
96 // uint8_t z2 = (r3 & ~r5) ^ (r4 & r6 ) ^ r7 ^ x; // <-- original
97 uint8_t z2 = ((r & ~r_ls2) >> 4) ^ (r_and_ls2 >> 3) ^ r ^ x;
98
99 return (z0 & 4) | (z1 & 2) | (z2 & 1);
100 }
101 */
102
103 void opt_successor(const uint8_t* k, State *s, bool y, State* successor)
104 {
105
106 uint8_t Tt = 1 & opt_T(s);
107
108 successor->t = (s->t >> 1);
109 successor->t |= (Tt ^ (s->r >> 7 & 0x1) ^ (s->r >> 3 & 0x1)) << 15;
110
111 successor->b = s->b >> 1;
112 successor->b |= (opt_B(s) ^ (s->r & 0x1)) << 7;
113
114 successor->r = (k[opt__select(Tt,y,s->r)] ^ successor->b) + s->l ;
115 successor->l = successor->r+s->r;
116
117 }
118
119 void opt_suc(const uint8_t* k,State* s, uint8_t *in, uint8_t length, bool add32Zeroes)
120 {
121 State x2;
122 int i;
123 uint8_t head = 0;
124 for(i =0 ; i < length ; i++)
125 {
126 head = 1 & (in[i] >> 7);
127 opt_successor(k,s,head,&x2);
128
129 head = 1 & (in[i] >> 6);
130 opt_successor(k,&x2,head,s);
131
132 head = 1 & (in[i] >> 5);
133 opt_successor(k,s,head,&x2);
134
135 head = 1 & (in[i] >> 4);
136 opt_successor(k,&x2,head,s);
137
138 head = 1 & (in[i] >> 3);
139 opt_successor(k,s,head,&x2);
140
141 head = 1 & (in[i] >> 2);
142 opt_successor(k,&x2,head,s);
143
144 head = 1 & (in[i] >> 1);
145 opt_successor(k,s,head,&x2);
146
147 head = 1 & in[i];
148 opt_successor(k,&x2,head,s);
149
150 }
151 //For tag MAC, an additional 32 zeroes
152 if(add32Zeroes)
153 for(i =0 ; i < 16 ; i++)
154 {
155 opt_successor(k,s,0,&x2);
156 opt_successor(k,&x2,0,s);
157 }
158 }
159
160 void opt_output(const uint8_t* k,State* s, uint8_t *buffer)
161 {
162 uint8_t times = 0;
163 uint8_t bout = 0;
164 State temp = {0,0,0,0};
165 for( ; times < 4 ; times++)
166 {
167 bout =0;
168 bout |= (s->r & 0x4) << 5;
169 opt_successor(k,s,0,&temp);
170 bout |= (temp.r & 0x4) << 4;
171 opt_successor(k,&temp,0,s);
172 bout |= (s->r & 0x4) << 3;
173 opt_successor(k,s,0,&temp);
174 bout |= (temp.r & 0x4) << 2;
175 opt_successor(k,&temp,0,s);
176 bout |= (s->r & 0x4) << 1;
177 opt_successor(k,s,0,&temp);
178 bout |= (temp.r & 0x4) ;
179 opt_successor(k,&temp,0,s);
180 bout |= (s->r & 0x4) >> 1;
181 opt_successor(k,s,0,&temp);
182 bout |= (temp.r & 0x4) >> 2;
183 opt_successor(k,&temp,0,s);
184 buffer[times] = bout;
185 }
186
187 }
188
189 void opt_MAC(uint8_t* k, uint8_t* input, uint8_t* out)
190 {
191 State _init = {
192 ((k[0] ^ 0x4c) + 0xEC) & 0xFF,// l
193 ((k[0] ^ 0x4c) + 0x21) & 0xFF,// r
194 0x4c, // b
195 0xE012 // t
196 };
197
198 opt_suc(k,&_init,input,12, false);
199 //printf("\noutp ");
200 opt_output(k,&_init, out);
201 }
202 uint8_t rev_byte(uint8_t b) {
203 b = (b & 0xF0) >> 4 | (b & 0x0F) << 4;
204 b = (b & 0xCC) >> 2 | (b & 0x33) << 2;
205 b = (b & 0xAA) >> 1 | (b & 0x55) << 1;
206 return b;
207 }
208 void opt_reverse_arraybytecpy(uint8_t* dest, uint8_t *src, size_t len)
209 {
210 uint8_t i;
211 for( i =0; i< len ; i++)
212 dest[i] = rev_byte(src[i]);
213 }
214
215 void opt_doReaderMAC(uint8_t *cc_nr_p, uint8_t *div_key_p, uint8_t mac[4])
216 {
217 static uint8_t cc_nr[12];
218
219 opt_reverse_arraybytecpy(cc_nr, cc_nr_p,12);
220 uint8_t dest []= {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
221 opt_MAC(div_key_p,cc_nr, dest);
222 //The output MAC must also be reversed
223 opt_reverse_arraybytecpy(mac, dest,4);
224 return;
225 }
226 void opt_doTagMAC(uint8_t *cc_p, const uint8_t *div_key_p, uint8_t mac[4])
227 {
228 static uint8_t cc_nr[8+4+4];
229 opt_reverse_arraybytecpy(cc_nr, cc_p,12);
230 State _init = {
231 ((div_key_p[0] ^ 0x4c) + 0xEC) & 0xFF,// l
232 ((div_key_p[0] ^ 0x4c) + 0x21) & 0xFF,// r
233 0x4c, // b
234 0xE012 // t
235 };
236 opt_suc(div_key_p,&_init,cc_nr, 12,true);
237 uint8_t dest []= {0,0,0,0};
238 opt_output(div_key_p,&_init, dest);
239 //The output MAC must also be reversed
240 opt_reverse_arraybytecpy(mac, dest,4);
241 return;
242
243 }
244 /**
245 * The tag MAC can be divided (both can, but no point in dividing the reader mac) into
246 * two functions, since the first 8 bytes are known, we can pre-calculate the state
247 * reached after feeding CC to the cipher.
248 * @param cc_p
249 * @param div_key_p
250 * @return the cipher state
251 */
252 State opt_doTagMAC_1(uint8_t *cc_p, const uint8_t *div_key_p)
253 {
254 static uint8_t cc_nr[8];
255 opt_reverse_arraybytecpy(cc_nr, cc_p,8);
256 State _init = {
257 ((div_key_p[0] ^ 0x4c) + 0xEC) & 0xFF,// l
258 ((div_key_p[0] ^ 0x4c) + 0x21) & 0xFF,// r
259 0x4c, // b
260 0xE012 // t
261 };
262 opt_suc(div_key_p,&_init,cc_nr, 8,false);
263 return _init;
264 }
265 /**
266 * The second part of the tag MAC calculation, since the CC is already calculated into the state,
267 * this function is fed only the NR, and internally feeds the remaining 32 0-bits to generate the tag
268 * MAC response.
269 * @param _init - precalculated cipher state
270 * @param nr - the reader challenge
271 * @param mac - where to store the MAC
272 * @param div_key_p - the key to use
273 */
274 void opt_doTagMAC_2(State _init, uint8_t* nr, uint8_t mac[4], const uint8_t* div_key_p)
275 {
276 static uint8_t _nr [4];
277 opt_reverse_arraybytecpy(_nr, nr, 4);
278 opt_suc(div_key_p,&_init,_nr, 4, true);
279 //opt_suc(div_key_p,&_init,nr, 4, false);
280 uint8_t dest []= {0,0,0,0};
281 opt_output(div_key_p,&_init, dest);
282 //The output MAC must also be reversed
283 opt_reverse_arraybytecpy(mac, dest,4);
284 return;
285 }
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