fix hf mf sim (#812)

[proxmark3-svn] / armsrc / iso14443a.c

diff --git a/armsrc/iso14443a.c b/armsrc/iso14443a.c
index b64a1942a033a2d6a46afa8b1efe0e45b5ce66e2..0ca9873bb4e63224d8a4d26f8bd14650ba0091b1 100644 (file)
--- a/armsrc/iso14443a.c
+++ b/armsrc/iso14443a.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-// Merlok - June 2011
+// Merlok - June 2011, 2012

 // Gerhard de Koning Gans - May 2008
 // Hagen Fritsch - June 2010
 //
 // Gerhard de Koning Gans - May 2008
 // Hagen Fritsch - June 2010
 //


@@ -10,786 +10,728 @@
 // Routines to support ISO 14443 type A.
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 // Routines to support ISO 14443 type A.
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 

+#include "iso14443a.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>

 #include "proxmark3.h"
 #include "apps.h"
 #include "util.h"
 #include "proxmark3.h"
 #include "apps.h"
 #include "util.h"

-#include "string.h"
-
+#include "cmd.h"

 #include "iso14443crc.h"
 #include "iso14443crc.h"

-#include "iso14443a.h"
-#include "crapto1.h"
+#include "crapto1/crapto1.h"

 #include "mifareutil.h"
 #include "mifareutil.h"

+#include "mifaresniff.h"
+#include "BigBuf.h"
+#include "protocols.h"
+#include "parity.h"
+#include "fpgaloader.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+       enum {
+               DEMOD_UNSYNCD,
+               // DEMOD_HALF_SYNCD,
+               // DEMOD_MOD_FIRST_HALF,
+               // DEMOD_NOMOD_FIRST_HALF,
+               DEMOD_MANCHESTER_DATA
+       } state;
+       uint16_t twoBits;
+       uint16_t highCnt;
+       uint16_t bitCount;
+       uint16_t collisionPos;
+       uint16_t syncBit;
+       uint8_t  parityBits;
+       uint8_t  parityLen;
+       uint16_t shiftReg;
+       uint16_t samples;
+       uint16_t len;
+       uint32_t startTime, endTime;
+       uint8_t  *output;
+       uint8_t  *parity;
+} tDemod;
+
+typedef enum {
+       MOD_NOMOD = 0,
+       MOD_SECOND_HALF,
+       MOD_FIRST_HALF,
+       MOD_BOTH_HALVES
+       } Modulation_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+       enum {
+               STATE_UNSYNCD,
+               STATE_START_OF_COMMUNICATION,
+               STATE_MILLER_X,
+               STATE_MILLER_Y,
+               STATE_MILLER_Z,
+               // DROP_NONE,
+               // DROP_FIRST_HALF,
+               } state;
+       uint16_t shiftReg;
+       int16_t  bitCount;
+       uint16_t len;
+       uint16_t byteCntMax;
+       uint16_t posCnt;
+       uint16_t syncBit;
+       uint8_t  parityBits;
+       uint8_t  parityLen;
+       uint32_t fourBits;
+       uint32_t startTime, endTime;
+       uint8_t *output;
+       uint8_t *parity;
+} tUart;

 
 

-static uint8_t *trace = (uint8_t *) BigBuf;
-static int traceLen = 0;
-static int rsamples = 0;
-static int tracing = TRUE;

 static uint32_t iso14a_timeout;
 static uint32_t iso14a_timeout;

+#define MAX_ISO14A_TIMEOUT 524288
+
+int rsamples = 0;
+uint8_t trigger = 0;
+// the block number for the ISO14443-4 PCB
+static uint8_t iso14_pcb_blocknum = 0;

 
 

-// CARD TO READER
+//
+// ISO14443 timing:
+//
+// minimum time between the start bits of consecutive transfers from reader to tag: 7000 carrier (13.56Mhz) cycles
+#define REQUEST_GUARD_TIME (7000/16 + 1)
+// minimum time between last modulation of tag and next start bit from reader to tag: 1172 carrier cycles
+#define FRAME_DELAY_TIME_PICC_TO_PCD (1172/16 + 1)
+// bool LastCommandWasRequest = false;
+
+//
+// Total delays including SSC-Transfers between ARM and FPGA. These are in carrier clock cycles (1/13,56MHz)
+//
+// When the PM acts as reader and is receiving tag data, it takes
+// 3 ticks delay in the AD converter
+// 16 ticks until the modulation detector completes and sets curbit
+// 8 ticks until bit_to_arm is assigned from curbit
+// 8*16 ticks for the transfer from FPGA to ARM
+// 4*16 ticks until we measure the time
+// - 8*16 ticks because we measure the time of the previous transfer
+#define DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER (3 + 16 + 8 + 8*16 + 4*16 - 8*16)
+
+// When the PM acts as a reader and is sending, it takes
+// 4*16 ticks until we can write data to the sending hold register
+// 8*16 ticks until the SHR is transferred to the Sending Shift Register
+// 8 ticks until the first transfer starts
+// 8 ticks later the FPGA samples the data
+// 1 tick to assign mod_sig_coil
+#define DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER (4*16 + 8*16 + 8 + 8 + 1)
+
+// When the PM acts as tag and is receiving it takes
+// 2 ticks delay in the RF part (for the first falling edge),
+// 3 ticks for the A/D conversion,
+// 8 ticks on average until the start of the SSC transfer,
+// 8 ticks until the SSC samples the first data
+// 7*16 ticks to complete the transfer from FPGA to ARM
+// 8 ticks until the next ssp_clk rising edge
+// 4*16 ticks until we measure the time
+// - 8*16 ticks because we measure the time of the previous transfer
+#define DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG (2 + 3 + 8 + 8 + 7*16 + 8 + 4*16 - 8*16)
+
+// The FPGA will report its internal sending delay in
+uint16_t FpgaSendQueueDelay;
+// the 5 first bits are the number of bits buffered in mod_sig_buf
+// the last three bits are the remaining ticks/2 after the mod_sig_buf shift
+#define DELAY_FPGA_QUEUE (FpgaSendQueueDelay<<1)
+
+// When the PM acts as tag and is sending, it takes
+// 4*16 + 8 ticks until we can write data to the sending hold register
+// 8*16 ticks until the SHR is transferred to the Sending Shift Register
+// 8 ticks later the FPGA samples the first data
+// + 16 ticks until assigned to mod_sig
+// + 1 tick to assign mod_sig_coil
+// + a varying number of ticks in the FPGA Delay Queue (mod_sig_buf)
+#define DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_TAG (4*16 + 8 + 8*16 + 8 + 16 + 1 + DELAY_FPGA_QUEUE)
+
+// When the PM acts as sniffer and is receiving tag data, it takes
+// 3 ticks A/D conversion
+// 14 ticks to complete the modulation detection
+// 8 ticks (on average) until the result is stored in to_arm
+// + the delays in transferring data - which is the same for
+// sniffing reader and tag data and therefore not relevant
+#define DELAY_TAG_AIR2ARM_AS_SNIFFER (3 + 14 + 8)
+
+// When the PM acts as sniffer and is receiving reader data, it takes
+// 2 ticks delay in analogue RF receiver (for the falling edge of the
+// start bit, which marks the start of the communication)
+// 3 ticks A/D conversion
+// 8 ticks on average until the data is stored in to_arm.
+// + the delays in transferring data - which is the same for
+// sniffing reader and tag data and therefore not relevant
+#define DELAY_READER_AIR2ARM_AS_SNIFFER (2 + 3 + 8)
+
+//variables used for timing purposes:
+//these are in ssp_clk cycles:
+static uint32_t NextTransferTime;
+static uint32_t LastTimeProxToAirStart;
+static uint32_t LastProxToAirDuration;
+
+
+
+// CARD TO READER - manchester

 // Sequence D: 11110000 modulation with subcarrier during first half
 // Sequence E: 00001111 modulation with subcarrier during second half
 // Sequence F: 00000000 no modulation with subcarrier
 // Sequence D: 11110000 modulation with subcarrier during first half
 // Sequence E: 00001111 modulation with subcarrier during second half
 // Sequence F: 00000000 no modulation with subcarrier

-// READER TO CARD
+// READER TO CARD - miller

 // Sequence X: 00001100 drop after half a period
 // Sequence Y: 00000000 no drop
 // Sequence Z: 11000000 drop at start
 // Sequence X: 00001100 drop after half a period
 // Sequence Y: 00000000 no drop
 // Sequence Z: 11000000 drop at start

-#define        SEC_D 0xf0
-#define        SEC_E 0x0f
-#define        SEC_F 0x00
-#define        SEC_X 0x0c
-#define        SEC_Y 0x00
-#define        SEC_Z 0xc0
-
-static const uint8_t OddByteParity[256] = {
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1
-};
+#define SEC_D 0xf0
+#define SEC_E 0x0f
+#define SEC_F 0x00
+#define SEC_X 0x0c
+#define SEC_Y 0x00
+#define SEC_Z 0xc0
+
+void iso14a_set_trigger(bool enable) {
+       trigger = enable;
+}

 
 

-// BIG CHANGE - UNDERSTAND THIS BEFORE WE COMMIT
-#define RECV_CMD_OFFSET   3032
-#define RECV_RES_OFFSET   3096
-#define DMA_BUFFER_OFFSET 3160
-#define DMA_BUFFER_SIZE   4096
-#define TRACE_LENGTH      3000

 
 

-uint8_t trigger = 0;
-void iso14a_set_trigger(int enable) {
-       trigger = enable;
+void iso14a_set_timeout(uint32_t timeout) {
+       // adjust timeout by FPGA delays and 2 additional ssp_frames to detect SOF
+       iso14a_timeout = timeout + (DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER)/(16*8) + 2;
+       if(MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("ISO14443A Timeout set to %ld (%dms)", timeout, timeout / 106);
+}
+
+
+uint32_t iso14a_get_timeout(void) {
+       return iso14a_timeout - (DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER)/(16*8) - 2;

 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Generate the parity value for a byte sequence
 //
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Generate the parity value for a byte sequence
 //
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-byte_t oddparity (const byte_t bt)
+void GetParity(const uint8_t *pbtCmd, uint16_t iLen, uint8_t *par)

 {
 {

-  return OddByteParity[bt];
-}
+       uint16_t paritybit_cnt = 0;
+       uint16_t paritybyte_cnt = 0;
+       uint8_t parityBits = 0;
+
+       for (uint16_t i = 0; i < iLen; i++) {
+               // Generate the parity bits
+               parityBits |= ((oddparity8(pbtCmd[i])) << (7-paritybit_cnt));
+               if (paritybit_cnt == 7) {
+                       par[paritybyte_cnt] = parityBits;   // save 8 Bits parity
+                       parityBits = 0;                     // and advance to next Parity Byte
+                       paritybyte_cnt++;
+                       paritybit_cnt = 0;
+               } else {
+                       paritybit_cnt++;
+               }
+       }

 
 

-uint32_t GetParity(const uint8_t * pbtCmd, int iLen)
-{
-  int i;
-  uint32_t dwPar = 0;
+       // save remaining parity bits
+       par[paritybyte_cnt] = parityBits;

 
 

-  // Generate the encrypted data
-  for (i = 0; i < iLen; i++) {
-    // Save the encrypted parity bit
-    dwPar |= ((OddByteParity[pbtCmd[i]]) << i);
-  }
-  return dwPar;

 }
 
 void AppendCrc14443a(uint8_t* data, int len)
 {
 }
 
 void AppendCrc14443a(uint8_t* data, int len)
 {

-  ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A,data,len,data+len,data+len+1);
+       ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A,data,len,data+len,data+len+1);

 }
 
 }
 

-int LogTrace(const uint8_t * btBytes, int iLen, int iSamples, uint32_t dwParity, int bReader)
+static void AppendCrc14443b(uint8_t* data, int len)

 {
 {

-  // Return when trace is full
-  if (traceLen >= TRACE_LENGTH) return FALSE;
-
-  // Trace the random, i'm curious
-  rsamples += iSamples;
-  trace[traceLen++] = ((rsamples >> 0) & 0xff);
-  trace[traceLen++] = ((rsamples >> 8) & 0xff);
-  trace[traceLen++] = ((rsamples >> 16) & 0xff);
-  trace[traceLen++] = ((rsamples >> 24) & 0xff);
-  if (!bReader) {
-    trace[traceLen - 1] |= 0x80;
-  }
-  trace[traceLen++] = ((dwParity >> 0) & 0xff);
-  trace[traceLen++] = ((dwParity >> 8) & 0xff);
-  trace[traceLen++] = ((dwParity >> 16) & 0xff);
-  trace[traceLen++] = ((dwParity >> 24) & 0xff);
-  trace[traceLen++] = iLen;
-  memcpy(trace + traceLen, btBytes, iLen);
-  traceLen += iLen;
-  return TRUE;
+       ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_B,data,len,data+len,data+len+1);

 }
 
 }
 

-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// The software UART that receives commands from the reader, and its state
-// variables.
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-static struct {
-    enum {
-        STATE_UNSYNCD,
-        STATE_START_OF_COMMUNICATION,
-               STATE_MILLER_X,
-               STATE_MILLER_Y,
-               STATE_MILLER_Z,
-        STATE_ERROR_WAIT
-    }       state;
-    uint16_t    shiftReg;
-    int     bitCnt;
-    int     byteCnt;
-    int     byteCntMax;
-    int     posCnt;
-    int     syncBit;
-       int     parityBits;
-       int     samples;
-    int     highCnt;
-    int     bitBuffer;
-       enum {
-               DROP_NONE,
-               DROP_FIRST_HALF,
-               DROP_SECOND_HALF
-       }               drop;
-    uint8_t   *output;
-} Uart;
-
-static RAMFUNC int MillerDecoding(int bit)
-{
-       int error = 0;
-       int bitright;

 
 

-       if(!Uart.bitBuffer) {
-               Uart.bitBuffer = bit ^ 0xFF0;
-               return FALSE;
-       }
-       else {
-               Uart.bitBuffer <<= 4;
-               Uart.bitBuffer ^= bit;
-       }
+//=============================================================================
+// ISO 14443 Type A - Miller decoder
+//=============================================================================
+// Basics:
+// This decoder is used when the PM3 acts as a tag.
+// The reader will generate "pauses" by temporarily switching of the field.
+// At the PM3 antenna we will therefore measure a modulated antenna voltage.
+// The FPGA does a comparison with a threshold and would deliver e.g.:
+// ........  1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1  .......
+// The Miller decoder needs to identify the following sequences:
+// 2 (or 3) ticks pause followed by 6 (or 5) ticks unmodulated:     pause at beginning - Sequence Z ("start of communication" or a "0")
+// 8 ticks without a modulation:                                    no pause - Sequence Y (a "0" or "end of communication" or "no information")
+// 4 ticks unmodulated followed by 2 (or 3) ticks pause:            pause in second half - Sequence X (a "1")
+// Note 1: the bitstream may start at any time. We therefore need to sync.
+// Note 2: the interpretation of Sequence Y and Z depends on the preceding sequence.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static tUart Uart;
+
+// Lookup-Table to decide if 4 raw bits are a modulation.
+// We accept the following:
+// 0001  -   a 3 tick wide pause
+// 0011  -   a 2 tick wide pause, or a three tick wide pause shifted left
+// 0111  -   a 2 tick wide pause shifted left
+// 1001  -   a 2 tick wide pause shifted right
+const bool Mod_Miller_LUT[] = {
+       false,  true, false, true,  false, false, false, true,
+       false,  true, false, false, false, false, false, false
+};
+#define IsMillerModulationNibble1(b) (Mod_Miller_LUT[(b & 0x000000F0) >> 4])
+#define IsMillerModulationNibble2(b) (Mod_Miller_LUT[(b & 0x0000000F)])

 
 

-       int EOC = FALSE;
+static void UartReset()
+{
+       Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
+       Uart.bitCount = 0;
+       Uart.len = 0;                       // number of decoded data bytes
+       Uart.parityLen = 0;                 // number of decoded parity bytes
+       Uart.shiftReg = 0;                  // shiftreg to hold decoded data bits
+       Uart.parityBits = 0;                // holds 8 parity bits
+}

 
 

-       if(Uart.state != STATE_UNSYNCD) {
-               Uart.posCnt++;
+static void UartInit(uint8_t *data, uint8_t *parity)
+{
+       Uart.output = data;
+       Uart.parity = parity;
+       Uart.fourBits = 0x00000000;         // clear the buffer for 4 Bits
+       Uart.startTime = 0;
+       Uart.endTime = 0;
+       UartReset();
+}

 
 

-               if((Uart.bitBuffer & Uart.syncBit) ^ Uart.syncBit) {
-                       bit = 0x00;
-               }
-               else {
-                       bit = 0x01;
-               }
-               if(((Uart.bitBuffer << 1) & Uart.syncBit) ^ Uart.syncBit) {
-                       bitright = 0x00;
-               }
-               else {
-                       bitright = 0x01;
-               }
-               if(bit != bitright) { bit = bitright; }
+// use parameter non_real_time to provide a timestamp. Set to 0 if the decoder should measure real time
+static RAMFUNC bool MillerDecoding(uint8_t bit, uint32_t non_real_time)
+{

 
 

-               if(Uart.posCnt == 1) {
-                       // measurement first half bitperiod
-                       if(!bit) {
-                               Uart.drop = DROP_FIRST_HALF;
-                       }
+       Uart.fourBits = (Uart.fourBits << 8) | bit;
+
+       if (Uart.state == STATE_UNSYNCD) {                                          // not yet synced
+
+               Uart.syncBit = 9999;                                                    // not set
+               // The start bit is one ore more Sequence Y followed by a Sequence Z (... 11111111 00x11111). We need to distinguish from
+               // Sequence X followed by Sequence Y followed by Sequence Z (111100x1 11111111 00x11111)
+               // we therefore look for a ...xx11111111111100x11111xxxxxx... pattern
+               // (12 '1's followed by 2 '0's, eventually followed by another '0', followed by 5 '1's)
+               #define ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK     0x07FFEF80                          // mask is    00000111 11111111 11101111 10000000
+               #define ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN  0x07FF8F80                          // pattern is 00000111 11111111 10001111 10000000
+               if      ((Uart.fourBits & (ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK >> 0)) == ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN >> 0) Uart.syncBit = 7;
+               else if ((Uart.fourBits & (ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK >> 1)) == ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN >> 1) Uart.syncBit = 6;
+               else if ((Uart.fourBits & (ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK >> 2)) == ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN >> 2) Uart.syncBit = 5;
+               else if ((Uart.fourBits & (ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK >> 3)) == ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN >> 3) Uart.syncBit = 4;
+               else if ((Uart.fourBits & (ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK >> 4)) == ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN >> 4) Uart.syncBit = 3;
+               else if ((Uart.fourBits & (ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK >> 5)) == ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN >> 5) Uart.syncBit = 2;
+               else if ((Uart.fourBits & (ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK >> 6)) == ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN >> 6) Uart.syncBit = 1;
+               else if ((Uart.fourBits & (ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK >> 7)) == ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN >> 7) Uart.syncBit = 0;
+
+               if (Uart.syncBit != 9999) {                                             // found a sync bit
+                       Uart.startTime = non_real_time?non_real_time:(GetCountSspClk() & 0xfffffff8);
+                       Uart.startTime -= Uart.syncBit;
+                       Uart.endTime = Uart.startTime;
+                       Uart.state = STATE_START_OF_COMMUNICATION;
+                       LED_B_ON();

                }
                }

-               else {
-                       // measurement second half bitperiod
-                       if(!bit & (Uart.drop == DROP_NONE)) {
-                               Uart.drop = DROP_SECOND_HALF;
-                       }
-                       else if(!bit) {
-                               // measured a drop in first and second half
-                               // which should not be possible
-                               Uart.state = STATE_ERROR_WAIT;
-                               error = 0x01;
-                       }

 
 

-                       Uart.posCnt = 0;
+       } else {

 
 

-                       switch(Uart.state) {
-                               case STATE_START_OF_COMMUNICATION:
+               if (IsMillerModulationNibble1(Uart.fourBits >> Uart.syncBit)) {
+                       if (IsMillerModulationNibble2(Uart.fourBits >> Uart.syncBit)) {     // Modulation in both halves - error
+                               LED_B_OFF();
+                               UartReset();
+                       } else {                                                            // Modulation in first half = Sequence Z = logic "0"
+                               if (Uart.state == STATE_MILLER_X) {                             // error - must not follow after X
+                                       LED_B_OFF();
+                                       UartReset();
+                               } else {
+                                       Uart.bitCount++;
+                                       Uart.shiftReg = (Uart.shiftReg >> 1);                       // add a 0 to the shiftreg
+                                       Uart.state = STATE_MILLER_Z;
+                                       Uart.endTime = Uart.startTime + 8*(9*Uart.len + Uart.bitCount + 1) - 6;
+                                       if(Uart.bitCount >= 9) {                                    // if we decoded a full byte (including parity)
+                                               Uart.output[Uart.len++] = (Uart.shiftReg & 0xff);
+                                               Uart.parityBits <<= 1;                                  // make room for the parity bit
+                                               Uart.parityBits |= ((Uart.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01);       // store parity bit
+                                               Uart.bitCount = 0;
+                                               Uart.shiftReg = 0;
+                                               if((Uart.len&0x0007) == 0) {                            // every 8 data bytes
+                                                       Uart.parity[Uart.parityLen++] = Uart.parityBits;    // store 8 parity bits
+                                                       Uart.parityBits = 0;
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       if (IsMillerModulationNibble2(Uart.fourBits >> Uart.syncBit)) {     // Modulation second half = Sequence X = logic "1"
+                               Uart.bitCount++;
+                               Uart.shiftReg = (Uart.shiftReg >> 1) | 0x100;                   // add a 1 to the shiftreg
+                               Uart.state = STATE_MILLER_X;
+                               Uart.endTime = Uart.startTime + 8*(9*Uart.len + Uart.bitCount + 1) - 2;
+                               if(Uart.bitCount >= 9) {                                        // if we decoded a full byte (including parity)
+                                       Uart.output[Uart.len++] = (Uart.shiftReg & 0xff);
+                                       Uart.parityBits <<= 1;                                      // make room for the new parity bit
+                                       Uart.parityBits |= ((Uart.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01);           // store parity bit
+                                       Uart.bitCount = 0;

                                        Uart.shiftReg = 0;
                                        Uart.shiftReg = 0;

-                                       if(Uart.drop == DROP_SECOND_HALF) {
-                                               // error, should not happen in SOC
-                                               Uart.state = STATE_ERROR_WAIT;
-                                               error = 0x02;
+                                       if ((Uart.len&0x0007) == 0) {                               // every 8 data bytes
+                                               Uart.parity[Uart.parityLen++] = Uart.parityBits;        // store 8 parity bits
+                                               Uart.parityBits = 0;

                                        }
                                        }

-                                       else {
-                                               // correct SOC
-                                               Uart.state = STATE_MILLER_Z;
+                               }
+                       } else {                                                            // no modulation in both halves - Sequence Y
+                               if (Uart.state == STATE_MILLER_Z || Uart.state == STATE_MILLER_Y) { // Y after logic "0" - End of Communication
+                                       LED_B_OFF();
+                                       Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
+                                       Uart.bitCount--;                                            // last "0" was part of EOC sequence
+                                       Uart.shiftReg <<= 1;                                        // drop it
+                                       if(Uart.bitCount > 0) {                                     // if we decoded some bits
+                                               Uart.shiftReg >>= (9 - Uart.bitCount);                  // right align them
+                                               Uart.output[Uart.len++] = (Uart.shiftReg & 0xff);       // add last byte to the output
+                                               Uart.parityBits <<= 1;                                  // add a (void) parity bit
+                                               Uart.parityBits <<= (8 - (Uart.len&0x0007));            // left align parity bits
+                                               Uart.parity[Uart.parityLen++] = Uart.parityBits;        // and store it
+                                               return true;
+                                       } else if (Uart.len & 0x0007) {                             // there are some parity bits to store
+                                               Uart.parityBits <<= (8 - (Uart.len&0x0007));            // left align remaining parity bits
+                                               Uart.parity[Uart.parityLen++] = Uart.parityBits;        // and store them

                                        }
                                        }

-                                       break;
-
-                               case STATE_MILLER_Z:
-                                       Uart.bitCnt++;
-                                       Uart.shiftReg >>= 1;
-                                       if(Uart.drop == DROP_NONE) {
-                                               // logic '0' followed by sequence Y
-                                               // end of communication
-                                               Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
-                                               EOC = TRUE;
+                                       if (Uart.len) {
+                                               return true;                                            // we are finished with decoding the raw data sequence
+                                       } else {
+                                               UartReset();                                            // Nothing received - start over

                                        }
                                        }

-                                       // if(Uart.drop == DROP_FIRST_HALF) {
-                                       //      Uart.state = STATE_MILLER_Z; stay the same
-                                       //      we see a logic '0' }
-                                       if(Uart.drop == DROP_SECOND_HALF) {
-                                               // we see a logic '1'
-                                               Uart.shiftReg |= 0x100;
-                                               Uart.state = STATE_MILLER_X;
+                               }
+                               if (Uart.state == STATE_START_OF_COMMUNICATION) {               // error - must not follow directly after SOC
+                                       LED_B_OFF();
+                                       UartReset();
+                               } else {                                                        // a logic "0"
+                                       Uart.bitCount++;
+                                       Uart.shiftReg = (Uart.shiftReg >> 1);                       // add a 0 to the shiftreg
+                                       Uart.state = STATE_MILLER_Y;
+                                       if(Uart.bitCount >= 9) {                                    // if we decoded a full byte (including parity)
+                                               Uart.output[Uart.len++] = (Uart.shiftReg & 0xff);
+                                               Uart.parityBits <<= 1;                                  // make room for the parity bit
+                                               Uart.parityBits |= ((Uart.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01);       // store parity bit
+                                               Uart.bitCount = 0;
+                                               Uart.shiftReg = 0;
+                                               if ((Uart.len&0x0007) == 0) {                           // every 8 data bytes
+                                                       Uart.parity[Uart.parityLen++] = Uart.parityBits;    // store 8 parity bits
+                                                       Uart.parityBits = 0;
+                                               }

                                        }
                                        }

-                                       break;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }

 
 

-                               case STATE_MILLER_X:
-                                       Uart.shiftReg >>= 1;
-                                       if(Uart.drop == DROP_NONE) {
-                                               // sequence Y, we see a '0'
-                                               Uart.state = STATE_MILLER_Y;
-                                               Uart.bitCnt++;
-                                       }
-                                       if(Uart.drop == DROP_FIRST_HALF) {
-                                               // Would be STATE_MILLER_Z
-                                               // but Z does not follow X, so error
-                                               Uart.state = STATE_ERROR_WAIT;
-                                               error = 0x03;
-                                       }
-                                       if(Uart.drop == DROP_SECOND_HALF) {
-                                               // We see a '1' and stay in state X
-                                               Uart.shiftReg |= 0x100;
-                                               Uart.bitCnt++;
-                                       }
-                                       break;
+       }

 
 

-                               case STATE_MILLER_Y:
-                                       Uart.bitCnt++;
-                                       Uart.shiftReg >>= 1;
-                                       if(Uart.drop == DROP_NONE) {
-                                               // logic '0' followed by sequence Y
-                                               // end of communication
-                                               Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
-                                               EOC = TRUE;
-                                       }
-                                       if(Uart.drop == DROP_FIRST_HALF) {
-                                               // we see a '0'
-                                               Uart.state = STATE_MILLER_Z;
-                                       }
-                                       if(Uart.drop == DROP_SECOND_HALF) {
-                                               // We see a '1' and go to state X
-                                               Uart.shiftReg |= 0x100;
-                                               Uart.state = STATE_MILLER_X;
-                                       }
-                                       break;
+       return false;   // not finished yet, need more data
+}

 
 

-                               case STATE_ERROR_WAIT:
-                                       // That went wrong. Now wait for at least two bit periods
-                                       // and try to sync again
-                                       if(Uart.drop == DROP_NONE) {
-                                               Uart.highCnt = 6;
-                                               Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
-                                       }
-                                       break;

 
 

-                               default:
-                                       Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
-                                       Uart.highCnt = 0;
-                                       break;
-                       }

 
 

-                       Uart.drop = DROP_NONE;
+//=============================================================================
+// ISO 14443 Type A - Manchester decoder
+//=============================================================================
+// Basics:
+// This decoder is used when the PM3 acts as a reader.
+// The tag will modulate the reader field by asserting different loads to it. As a consequence, the voltage
+// at the reader antenna will be modulated as well. The FPGA detects the modulation for us and would deliver e.g. the following:
+// ........ 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .......
+// The Manchester decoder needs to identify the following sequences:
+// 4 ticks modulated followed by 4 ticks unmodulated:   Sequence D = 1 (also used as "start of communication")
+// 4 ticks unmodulated followed by 4 ticks modulated:   Sequence E = 0
+// 8 ticks unmodulated:                                 Sequence F = end of communication
+// 8 ticks modulated:                                   A collision. Save the collision position and treat as Sequence D
+// Note 1: the bitstream may start at any time. We therefore need to sync.
+// Note 2: parameter offset is used to determine the position of the parity bits (required for the anticollision command only)
+static tDemod Demod;
+
+// Lookup-Table to decide if 4 raw bits are a modulation.
+// We accept three or four "1" in any position
+const bool Mod_Manchester_LUT[] = {
+       false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true,
+       false, false, false, true,  false, true,  true,  true
+};
+
+#define IsManchesterModulationNibble1(b) (Mod_Manchester_LUT[(b & 0x00F0) >> 4])
+#define IsManchesterModulationNibble2(b) (Mod_Manchester_LUT[(b & 0x000F)])

 
 

-                       // should have received at least one whole byte...
-                       if((Uart.bitCnt == 2) && EOC && (Uart.byteCnt > 0)) {
-                               return TRUE;
-                       }

 
 

-                       if(Uart.bitCnt == 9) {
-                               Uart.output[Uart.byteCnt] = (Uart.shiftReg & 0xff);
-                               Uart.byteCnt++;
+static void DemodReset()
+{
+       Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
+       Demod.len = 0;                      // number of decoded data bytes
+       Demod.parityLen = 0;
+       Demod.shiftReg = 0;                 // shiftreg to hold decoded data bits
+       Demod.parityBits = 0;               //
+       Demod.collisionPos = 0;             // Position of collision bit
+       Demod.twoBits = 0xffff;             // buffer for 2 Bits
+       Demod.highCnt = 0;
+       Demod.startTime = 0;
+       Demod.endTime = 0;
+}
+
+static void DemodInit(uint8_t *data, uint8_t *parity)
+{
+       Demod.output = data;
+       Demod.parity = parity;
+       DemodReset();
+}

 
 

-                               Uart.parityBits <<= 1;
-                               Uart.parityBits ^= ((Uart.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01);
+// use parameter non_real_time to provide a timestamp. Set to 0 if the decoder should measure real time
+static RAMFUNC int ManchesterDecoding(uint8_t bit, uint16_t offset, uint32_t non_real_time)
+{

 
 

-                               if(EOC) {
-                                       // when End of Communication received and
-                                       // all data bits processed..
-                                       return TRUE;
-                               }
-                               Uart.bitCnt = 0;
-                       }
+       Demod.twoBits = (Demod.twoBits << 8) | bit;

 
 

-                       /*if(error) {
-                               Uart.output[Uart.byteCnt] = 0xAA;
-                               Uart.byteCnt++;
-                               Uart.output[Uart.byteCnt] = error & 0xFF;
-                               Uart.byteCnt++;
-                               Uart.output[Uart.byteCnt] = 0xAA;
-                               Uart.byteCnt++;
-                               Uart.output[Uart.byteCnt] = (Uart.bitBuffer >> 8) & 0xFF;
-                               Uart.byteCnt++;
-                               Uart.output[Uart.byteCnt] = Uart.bitBuffer & 0xFF;
-                               Uart.byteCnt++;
-                               Uart.output[Uart.byteCnt] = (Uart.syncBit >> 3) & 0xFF;
-                               Uart.byteCnt++;
-                               Uart.output[Uart.byteCnt] = 0xAA;
-                               Uart.byteCnt++;
-                               return TRUE;
-                       }*/
-               }
+       if (Demod.state == DEMOD_UNSYNCD) {

 
 

-       }
-       else {
-               bit = Uart.bitBuffer & 0xf0;
-               bit >>= 4;
-               bit ^= 0x0F;
-               if(bit) {
-                       // should have been high or at least (4 * 128) / fc
-                       // according to ISO this should be at least (9 * 128 + 20) / fc
-                       if(Uart.highCnt == 8) {
-                               // we went low, so this could be start of communication
-                               // it turns out to be safer to choose a less significant
-                               // syncbit... so we check whether the neighbour also represents the drop
-                               Uart.posCnt = 1;   // apparently we are busy with our first half bit period
-                               Uart.syncBit = bit & 8;
-                               Uart.samples = 3;
-                               if(!Uart.syncBit)       { Uart.syncBit = bit & 4; Uart.samples = 2; }
-                               else if(bit & 4)        { Uart.syncBit = bit & 4; Uart.samples = 2; bit <<= 2; }
-                               if(!Uart.syncBit)       { Uart.syncBit = bit & 2; Uart.samples = 1; }
-                               else if(bit & 2)        { Uart.syncBit = bit & 2; Uart.samples = 1; bit <<= 1; }
-                               if(!Uart.syncBit)       { Uart.syncBit = bit & 1; Uart.samples = 0;
-                                       if(Uart.syncBit && (Uart.bitBuffer & 8)) {
-                                               Uart.syncBit = 8;
-
-                                               // the first half bit period is expected in next sample
-                                               Uart.posCnt = 0;
-                                               Uart.samples = 3;
-                                       }
-                               }
-                               else if(bit & 1)        { Uart.syncBit = bit & 1; Uart.samples = 0; }
-
-                               Uart.syncBit <<= 4;
-                               Uart.state = STATE_START_OF_COMMUNICATION;
-                               Uart.drop = DROP_FIRST_HALF;
-                               Uart.bitCnt = 0;
-                               Uart.byteCnt = 0;
-                               Uart.parityBits = 0;
-                               error = 0;
+               if (Demod.highCnt < 2) {                                            // wait for a stable unmodulated signal
+                       if (Demod.twoBits == 0x0000) {
+                               Demod.highCnt++;
+                       } else {
+                               Demod.highCnt = 0;

                        }
                        }

-                       else {
-                               Uart.highCnt = 0;
+               } else {
+                       Demod.syncBit = 0xFFFF;         // not set
+                       if      ((Demod.twoBits & 0x7700) == 0x7000) Demod.syncBit = 7;
+                       else if ((Demod.twoBits & 0x3B80) == 0x3800) Demod.syncBit = 6;
+                       else if ((Demod.twoBits & 0x1DC0) == 0x1C00) Demod.syncBit = 5;
+                       else if ((Demod.twoBits & 0x0EE0) == 0x0E00) Demod.syncBit = 4;
+                       else if ((Demod.twoBits & 0x0770) == 0x0700) Demod.syncBit = 3;
+                       else if ((Demod.twoBits & 0x03B8) == 0x0380) Demod.syncBit = 2;
+                       else if ((Demod.twoBits & 0x01DC) == 0x01C0) Demod.syncBit = 1;
+                       else if ((Demod.twoBits & 0x00EE) == 0x00E0) Demod.syncBit = 0;
+                       if (Demod.syncBit != 0xFFFF) {
+                               Demod.startTime = non_real_time?non_real_time:(GetCountSspClk() & 0xfffffff8);
+                               Demod.startTime -= Demod.syncBit;
+                               Demod.bitCount = offset;            // number of decoded data bits
+                               Demod.state = DEMOD_MANCHESTER_DATA;
+                               LED_C_ON();

                        }
                }
                        }
                }

-               else {
-                       if(Uart.highCnt < 8) {
-                               Uart.highCnt++;
+
+       } else {
+
+               if (IsManchesterModulationNibble1(Demod.twoBits >> Demod.syncBit)) {        // modulation in first half
+                       if (IsManchesterModulationNibble2(Demod.twoBits >> Demod.syncBit)) {    // ... and in second half = collision
+                               if (!Demod.collisionPos) {
+                                       Demod.collisionPos = (Demod.len << 3) + Demod.bitCount;
+                               }
+                       }                                                           // modulation in first half only - Sequence D = 1
+                       Demod.bitCount++;
+                       Demod.shiftReg = (Demod.shiftReg >> 1) | 0x100;             // in both cases, add a 1 to the shiftreg
+                       if(Demod.bitCount == 9) {                                   // if we decoded a full byte (including parity)
+                               Demod.output[Demod.len++] = (Demod.shiftReg & 0xff);
+                               Demod.parityBits <<= 1;                                 // make room for the parity bit
+                               Demod.parityBits |= ((Demod.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01);     // store parity bit
+                               Demod.bitCount = 0;
+                               Demod.shiftReg = 0;
+                               if((Demod.len&0x0007) == 0) {                           // every 8 data bytes
+                                       Demod.parity[Demod.parityLen++] = Demod.parityBits; // store 8 parity bits
+                                       Demod.parityBits = 0;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       Demod.endTime = Demod.startTime + 8*(9*Demod.len + Demod.bitCount + 1) - 4;
+               } else {                                                        // no modulation in first half
+                       if (IsManchesterModulationNibble2(Demod.twoBits >> Demod.syncBit)) {    // and modulation in second half = Sequence E = 0
+                               Demod.bitCount++;
+                               Demod.shiftReg = (Demod.shiftReg >> 1);                 // add a 0 to the shiftreg
+                               if(Demod.bitCount >= 9) {                               // if we decoded a full byte (including parity)
+                                       Demod.output[Demod.len++] = (Demod.shiftReg & 0xff);
+                                       Demod.parityBits <<= 1;                             // make room for the new parity bit
+                                       Demod.parityBits |= ((Demod.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01); // store parity bit
+                                       Demod.bitCount = 0;
+                                       Demod.shiftReg = 0;
+                                       if ((Demod.len&0x0007) == 0) {                      // every 8 data bytes
+                                               Demod.parity[Demod.parityLen++] = Demod.parityBits; // store 8 parity bits1
+                                               Demod.parityBits = 0;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               Demod.endTime = Demod.startTime + 8*(9*Demod.len + Demod.bitCount + 1);
+                       } else {                                                    // no modulation in both halves - End of communication
+                               LED_C_OFF();
+                               if(Demod.bitCount > 0) {                                // there are some remaining data bits
+                                       Demod.shiftReg >>= (9 - Demod.bitCount);            // right align the decoded bits
+                                       Demod.output[Demod.len++] = Demod.shiftReg & 0xff;  // and add them to the output
+                                       Demod.parityBits <<= 1;                             // add a (void) parity bit
+                                       Demod.parityBits <<= (8 - (Demod.len&0x0007));      // left align remaining parity bits
+                                       Demod.parity[Demod.parityLen++] = Demod.parityBits; // and store them
+                                       return true;
+                               } else if (Demod.len & 0x0007) {                        // there are some parity bits to store
+                                       Demod.parityBits <<= (8 - (Demod.len&0x0007));      // left align remaining parity bits
+                                       Demod.parity[Demod.parityLen++] = Demod.parityBits; // and store them
+                               }
+                               if (Demod.len) {
+                                       return true;                                        // we are finished with decoding the raw data sequence
+                               } else {                                                // nothing received. Start over
+                                       DemodReset();
+                               }

                        }
                }
                        }
                }

+

        }
 
        }
 

-    return FALSE;
+       return false;   // not finished yet, need more data

 }
 
 //=============================================================================
 }
 
 //=============================================================================

-// ISO 14443 Type A - Manchester
+// Finally, a `sniffer' for ISO 14443 Type A
+// Both sides of communication!

 //=============================================================================
 
 //=============================================================================
 

-static struct {
-    enum {
-        DEMOD_UNSYNCD,
-               DEMOD_START_OF_COMMUNICATION,
-               DEMOD_MANCHESTER_D,
-               DEMOD_MANCHESTER_E,
-               DEMOD_MANCHESTER_F,
-        DEMOD_ERROR_WAIT
-    }       state;
-    int     bitCount;
-    int     posCount;
-       int     syncBit;
-       int     parityBits;
-    uint16_t    shiftReg;
-       int     buffer;
-       int     buff;
-       int     samples;
-    int     len;
-       enum {
-               SUB_NONE,
-               SUB_FIRST_HALF,
-               SUB_SECOND_HALF
-       }               sub;
-    uint8_t   *output;
-} Demod;
-
-static RAMFUNC int ManchesterDecoding(int v)
-{
-       int bit;
-       int modulation;
-       int error = 0;
-
-       if(!Demod.buff) {
-               Demod.buff = 1;
-               Demod.buffer = v;
-               return FALSE;
-       }
-       else {
-               bit = Demod.buffer;
-               Demod.buffer = v;
-       }
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Record the sequence of commands sent by the reader to the tag, with
+// triggering so that we start recording at the point that the tag is moved
+// near the reader.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void RAMFUNC SnoopIso14443a(uint8_t param) {
+       // param:
+       // bit 0 - trigger from first card answer
+       // bit 1 - trigger from first reader 7-bit request

 
 

-       if(Demod.state==DEMOD_UNSYNCD) {
-               Demod.output[Demod.len] = 0xfa;
-               Demod.syncBit = 0;
-               //Demod.samples = 0;
-               Demod.posCount = 1;             // This is the first half bit period, so after syncing handle the second part
+       LEDsoff();
+       LED_A_ON();

 
 

-               if(bit & 0x08) {
-                       Demod.syncBit = 0x08;
-               }
+       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_SNIFFER);

 
 

-               if(bit & 0x04) {
-                       if(Demod.syncBit) {
-                               bit <<= 4;
-                       }
-                       Demod.syncBit = 0x04;
-               }
+       // Allocate memory from BigBuf for some buffers
+       // free all previous allocations first
+       BigBuf_free();

 
 

-               if(bit & 0x02) {
-                       if(Demod.syncBit) {
-                               bit <<= 2;
-                       }
-                       Demod.syncBit = 0x02;
-               }
-
-               if(bit & 0x01 && Demod.syncBit) {
-                       Demod.syncBit = 0x01;
-               }
-               
-               if(Demod.syncBit) {
-                       Demod.len = 0;
-                       Demod.state = DEMOD_START_OF_COMMUNICATION;
-                       Demod.sub = SUB_FIRST_HALF;
-                       Demod.bitCount = 0;
-                       Demod.shiftReg = 0;
-                       Demod.parityBits = 0;
-                       Demod.samples = 0;
-                       if(Demod.posCount) {
-                               if(trigger) LED_A_OFF();
-                               switch(Demod.syncBit) {
-                                       case 0x08: Demod.samples = 3; break;
-                                       case 0x04: Demod.samples = 2; break;
-                                       case 0x02: Demod.samples = 1; break;
-                                       case 0x01: Demod.samples = 0; break;
-                               }
-                       }
-                       error = 0;
-               }
-       }
-       else {
-               //modulation = bit & Demod.syncBit;
-               modulation = ((bit << 1) ^ ((Demod.buffer & 0x08) >> 3)) & Demod.syncBit;
+       // The command (reader -> tag) that we're receiving.
+       uint8_t *receivedCmd = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_FRAME_SIZE);
+       uint8_t *receivedCmdPar = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_PARITY_SIZE);

 
 

-               Demod.samples += 4;
+       // The response (tag -> reader) that we're receiving.
+       uint8_t *receivedResponse = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_FRAME_SIZE);
+       uint8_t *receivedResponsePar = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_PARITY_SIZE);

 
 

-               if(Demod.posCount==0) {
-                       Demod.posCount = 1;
-                       if(modulation) {
-                               Demod.sub = SUB_FIRST_HALF;
-                       }
-                       else {
-                               Demod.sub = SUB_NONE;
-                       }
-               }
-               else {
-                       Demod.posCount = 0;
-                       if(modulation && (Demod.sub == SUB_FIRST_HALF)) {
-                               if(Demod.state!=DEMOD_ERROR_WAIT) {
-                                       Demod.state = DEMOD_ERROR_WAIT;
-                                       Demod.output[Demod.len] = 0xaa;
-                                       error = 0x01;
-                               }
-                       }
-                       else if(modulation) {
-                               Demod.sub = SUB_SECOND_HALF;
-                       }
+       // The DMA buffer, used to stream samples from the FPGA
+       uint8_t *dmaBuf = BigBuf_malloc(DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);

 
 

-                       switch(Demod.state) {
-                               case DEMOD_START_OF_COMMUNICATION:
-                                       if(Demod.sub == SUB_FIRST_HALF) {
-                                               Demod.state = DEMOD_MANCHESTER_D;
-                                       }
-                                       else {
-                                               Demod.output[Demod.len] = 0xab;
-                                               Demod.state = DEMOD_ERROR_WAIT;
-                                               error = 0x02;
-                                       }
-                                       break;
+       // init trace buffer
+       clear_trace();
+       set_tracing(true);

 
 

-                               case DEMOD_MANCHESTER_D:
-                               case DEMOD_MANCHESTER_E:
-                                       if(Demod.sub == SUB_FIRST_HALF) {
-                                               Demod.bitCount++;
-                                               Demod.shiftReg = (Demod.shiftReg >> 1) ^ 0x100;
-                                               Demod.state = DEMOD_MANCHESTER_D;
-                                       }
-                                       else if(Demod.sub == SUB_SECOND_HALF) {
-                                               Demod.bitCount++;
-                                               Demod.shiftReg >>= 1;
-                                               Demod.state = DEMOD_MANCHESTER_E;
-                                       }
-                                       else {
-                                               Demod.state = DEMOD_MANCHESTER_F;
-                                       }
-                                       break;
+       uint8_t *data = dmaBuf;
+       uint8_t previous_data = 0;
+       int maxDataLen = 0;
+       int dataLen = 0;
+       bool TagIsActive = false;
+       bool ReaderIsActive = false;

 
 

-                               case DEMOD_MANCHESTER_F:
-                                       // Tag response does not need to be a complete byte!
-                                       if(Demod.len > 0 || Demod.bitCount > 0) {
-                                               if(Demod.bitCount > 0) {
-                                                       Demod.shiftReg >>= (9 - Demod.bitCount);
-                                                       Demod.output[Demod.len] = Demod.shiftReg & 0xff;
-                                                       Demod.len++;
-                                                       // No parity bit, so just shift a 0
-                                                       Demod.parityBits <<= 1;
-                                               }
+       // Set up the demodulator for tag -> reader responses.
+       DemodInit(receivedResponse, receivedResponsePar);

 
 

-                                               Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
-                                               return TRUE;
-                                       }
-                                       else {
-                                               Demod.output[Demod.len] = 0xad;
-                                               Demod.state = DEMOD_ERROR_WAIT;
-                                               error = 0x03;
-                                       }
-                                       break;
+       // Set up the demodulator for the reader -> tag commands
+       UartInit(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar);

 
 

-                               case DEMOD_ERROR_WAIT:
-                                       Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
-                                       break;
+       // Setup and start DMA.
+       FpgaSetupSscDma((uint8_t *)dmaBuf, DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);

 
 

-                               default:
-                                       Demod.output[Demod.len] = 0xdd;
-                                       Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
-                                       break;
+       // We won't start recording the frames that we acquire until we trigger;
+       // a good trigger condition to get started is probably when we see a
+       // response from the tag.
+       // triggered == false -- to wait first for card
+       bool triggered = !(param & 0x03);
+
+       // And now we loop, receiving samples.
+       for (uint32_t rsamples = 0; true; ) {
+
+               if (BUTTON_PRESS()) {
+                       DbpString("cancelled by button");
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               WDT_HIT();
+
+               int register readBufDataP = data - dmaBuf;
+               int register dmaBufDataP = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE - AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR;
+               if (readBufDataP <= dmaBufDataP){
+                       dataLen = dmaBufDataP - readBufDataP;
+               } else {
+                       dataLen = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE - readBufDataP + dmaBufDataP;
+               }
+               // test for length of buffer
+               if(dataLen > maxDataLen) {
+                       maxDataLen = dataLen;
+                       if(dataLen > (9 * DMA_BUFFER_SIZE / 10)) {
+                               Dbprintf("blew circular buffer! dataLen=%d", dataLen);
+                               break;

                        }
                        }

+               }
+               if(dataLen < 1) continue;

 
 

-                       if(Demod.bitCount>=9) {
-                               Demod.output[Demod.len] = Demod.shiftReg & 0xff;
-                               Demod.len++;
+               // primary buffer was stopped( <-- we lost data!
+               if (!AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR) {
+                       AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RPR = (uint32_t) dmaBuf;
+                       AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
+                       Dbprintf("RxEmpty ERROR!!! data length:%d", dataLen); // temporary
+               }
+               // secondary buffer sets as primary, secondary buffer was stopped
+               if (!AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNCR) {
+                       AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNPR = (uint32_t) dmaBuf;
+                       AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNCR = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
+               }

 
 

-                               Demod.parityBits <<= 1;
-                               Demod.parityBits ^= ((Demod.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01);
+               if (rsamples & 0x01) {              // Need two samples to feed Miller and Manchester-Decoder

 
 

-                               Demod.bitCount = 0;
-                               Demod.shiftReg = 0;
+                       if(!TagIsActive) {      // no need to try decoding reader data if the tag is sending
+                               uint8_t readerdata = (previous_data & 0xF0) | (*data >> 4);
+                               if (MillerDecoding(readerdata, (rsamples-1)*4)) {
+                                       // check - if there is a short 7bit request from reader
+                                       if ((!triggered) && (param & 0x02) && (Uart.len == 1) && (Uart.bitCount == 7)) {
+                                               triggered = true;
+                                       }
+                                       if(triggered) {
+                                               if (!LogTrace(receivedCmd,
+                                                                               Uart.len,
+                                                                               Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_READER_AIR2ARM_AS_SNIFFER,
+                                                                               Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_READER_AIR2ARM_AS_SNIFFER,
+                                                                               Uart.parity,
+                                                                               true)) break;
+                                       }
+                                       /* And ready to receive another command. */
+                                       UartReset();
+                                       /* And also reset the demod code, which might have been */
+                                       /* false-triggered by the commands from the reader. */
+                                       DemodReset();
+                               }
+                               ReaderIsActive = (Uart.state != STATE_UNSYNCD);

                        }
 
                        }
 

-                       /*if(error) {
-                               Demod.output[Demod.len] = 0xBB;
-                               Demod.len++;
-                               Demod.output[Demod.len] = error & 0xFF;
-                               Demod.len++;
-                               Demod.output[Demod.len] = 0xBB;
-                               Demod.len++;
-                               Demod.output[Demod.len] = bit & 0xFF;
-                               Demod.len++;
-                               Demod.output[Demod.len] = Demod.buffer & 0xFF;
-                               Demod.len++;
-                               Demod.output[Demod.len] = Demod.syncBit & 0xFF;
-                               Demod.len++;
-                               Demod.output[Demod.len] = 0xBB;
-                               Demod.len++;
-                               return TRUE;
-                       }*/
-
-               }
-
-       } // end (state != UNSYNCED)
-
-    return FALSE;
-}
+                       if (!ReaderIsActive) {      // no need to try decoding tag data if the reader is sending - and we cannot afford the time
+                               uint8_t tagdata = (previous_data << 4) | (*data & 0x0F);
+                               if (ManchesterDecoding(tagdata, 0, (rsamples-1)*4)) {
+                                       if (!LogTrace(receivedResponse,
+                                                                       Demod.len,
+                                                                       Demod.startTime*16 - DELAY_TAG_AIR2ARM_AS_SNIFFER,
+                                                                       Demod.endTime*16 - DELAY_TAG_AIR2ARM_AS_SNIFFER,
+                                                                       Demod.parity,
+                                                                       false)) break;
+                                       if ((!triggered) && (param & 0x01)) triggered = true;
+                                       // And ready to receive another response.
+                                       DemodReset();
+                                       // And reset the Miller decoder including itS (now outdated) input buffer
+                                       UartInit(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar);
+                               }
+                               TagIsActive = (Demod.state != DEMOD_UNSYNCD);
+                       }
+               }

 
 

-//=============================================================================
-// Finally, a `sniffer' for ISO 14443 Type A
-// Both sides of communication!
-//=============================================================================
+               previous_data = *data;
+               rsamples++;
+               data++;
+               if(data == dmaBuf + DMA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+                       data = dmaBuf;
+               }
+       } // main cycle

 
 

-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Record the sequence of commands sent by the reader to the tag, with
-// triggering so that we start recording at the point that the tag is moved
-// near the reader.
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-void RAMFUNC SnoopIso14443a(void)
-{
-//     #define RECV_CMD_OFFSET         2032    // original (working as of 21/2/09) values
-//     #define RECV_RES_OFFSET         2096    // original (working as of 21/2/09) values
-//     #define DMA_BUFFER_OFFSET       2160    // original (working as of 21/2/09) values
-//     #define DMA_BUFFER_SIZE         4096    // original (working as of 21/2/09) values
-//     #define TRACE_LENGTH            2000    // original (working as of 21/2/09) values
-
-    // We won't start recording the frames that we acquire until we trigger;
-    // a good trigger condition to get started is probably when we see a
-    // response from the tag.
-    int triggered = FALSE; // FALSE to wait first for card
-
-    // The command (reader -> tag) that we're receiving.
-       // The length of a received command will in most cases be no more than 18 bytes.
-       // So 32 should be enough!
-    uint8_t *receivedCmd = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + RECV_CMD_OFFSET);
-    // The response (tag -> reader) that we're receiving.
-    uint8_t *receivedResponse = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + RECV_RES_OFFSET);
-
-    // As we receive stuff, we copy it from receivedCmd or receivedResponse
-    // into trace, along with its length and other annotations.
-    //uint8_t *trace = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;
-    
-    traceLen = 0; // uncommented to fix ISSUE 15 - gerhard - jan2011
-
-    // The DMA buffer, used to stream samples from the FPGA
-    int8_t *dmaBuf = ((int8_t *)BigBuf) + DMA_BUFFER_OFFSET;
-    int lastRxCounter;
-    int8_t *upTo;
-    int smpl;
-    int maxBehindBy = 0;
-
-    // Count of samples received so far, so that we can include timing
-    // information in the trace buffer.
-    int samples = 0;
-    int rsamples = 0;
-
-    memset(trace, 0x44, RECV_CMD_OFFSET);
-
-    // Set up the demodulator for tag -> reader responses.
-    Demod.output = receivedResponse;
-    Demod.len = 0;
-    Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
-
-    // Setup for the DMA.
-    FpgaSetupSsc();
-    upTo = dmaBuf;
-    lastRxCounter = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
-    FpgaSetupSscDma((uint8_t *)dmaBuf, DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
-
-    // And the reader -> tag commands
-    memset(&Uart, 0, sizeof(Uart));
-    Uart.output = receivedCmd;
-    Uart.byteCntMax = 32; // was 100 (greg)////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
-
-    // And put the FPGA in the appropriate mode
-    // Signal field is off with the appropriate LED
-    LED_D_OFF();
-    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_SNIFFER);
-    SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_HIPKD);
-
-
-    // And now we loop, receiving samples.
-    for(;;) {
-        LED_A_ON();
-        WDT_HIT();
-        int behindBy = (lastRxCounter - AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR) &
-                                (DMA_BUFFER_SIZE-1);
-        if(behindBy > maxBehindBy) {
-            maxBehindBy = behindBy;
-            if(behindBy > 400) {
-                Dbprintf("blew circular buffer! behindBy=0x%x", behindBy);
-                goto done;
-            }
-        }
-        if(behindBy < 1) continue;
+       FpgaDisableSscDma();
+       LEDsoff();

 
 

-       LED_A_OFF();
-        smpl = upTo[0];
-        upTo++;
-        lastRxCounter -= 1;
-        if(upTo - dmaBuf > DMA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
-            upTo -= DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
-            lastRxCounter += DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
-            AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNPR = (uint32_t) upTo;
-            AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNCR = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
-        }
-
-        samples += 4;
-        if(MillerDecoding((smpl & 0xF0) >> 4)) {
-            rsamples = samples - Uart.samples;
-            LED_C_ON();
-            if(triggered) {
-                trace[traceLen++] = ((rsamples >>  0) & 0xff);
-                trace[traceLen++] = ((rsamples >>  8) & 0xff);
-                trace[traceLen++] = ((rsamples >> 16) & 0xff);
-                trace[traceLen++] = ((rsamples >> 24) & 0xff);
-                trace[traceLen++] = ((Uart.parityBits >>  0) & 0xff);
-                trace[traceLen++] = ((Uart.parityBits >>  8) & 0xff);
-                trace[traceLen++] = ((Uart.parityBits >> 16) & 0xff);
-                trace[traceLen++] = ((Uart.parityBits >> 24) & 0xff);
-                trace[traceLen++] = Uart.byteCnt;
-                memcpy(trace+traceLen, receivedCmd, Uart.byteCnt);
-                traceLen += Uart.byteCnt;
-                if(traceLen > TRACE_LENGTH) break;
-            }
-            /* And ready to receive another command. */
-            Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
-            /* And also reset the demod code, which might have been */
-            /* false-triggered by the commands from the reader. */
-            Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
-            LED_B_OFF();
-        }
-
-        if(ManchesterDecoding(smpl & 0x0F)) {
-            rsamples = samples - Demod.samples;
-            LED_B_ON();
-
-            // timestamp, as a count of samples
-            trace[traceLen++] = ((rsamples >>  0) & 0xff);
-            trace[traceLen++] = ((rsamples >>  8) & 0xff);
-            trace[traceLen++] = ((rsamples >> 16) & 0xff);
-            trace[traceLen++] = 0x80 | ((rsamples >> 24) & 0xff);
-            trace[traceLen++] = ((Demod.parityBits >>  0) & 0xff);
-            trace[traceLen++] = ((Demod.parityBits >>  8) & 0xff);
-            trace[traceLen++] = ((Demod.parityBits >> 16) & 0xff);
-            trace[traceLen++] = ((Demod.parityBits >> 24) & 0xff);
-            // length
-            trace[traceLen++] = Demod.len;
-            memcpy(trace+traceLen, receivedResponse, Demod.len);
-            traceLen += Demod.len;
-            if(traceLen > TRACE_LENGTH) break;
-
-            triggered = TRUE;
-
-            // And ready to receive another response.
-            memset(&Demod, 0, sizeof(Demod));
-            Demod.output = receivedResponse;
-            Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
-            LED_C_OFF();
-        }
-
-        if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
-            DbpString("cancelled_a");
-            goto done;
-        }
-    }
-
-    DbpString("COMMAND FINISHED");
-
-    Dbprintf("%x %x %x", maxBehindBy, Uart.state, Uart.byteCnt);
-    Dbprintf("%x %x %x", Uart.byteCntMax, traceLen, (int)Uart.output[0]);
-
-done:
-    AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_PTCR = AT91C_PDC_RXTDIS;
-    Dbprintf("%x %x %x", maxBehindBy, Uart.state, Uart.byteCnt);
-    Dbprintf("%x %x %x", Uart.byteCntMax, traceLen, (int)Uart.output[0]);
-    LED_A_OFF();
-    LED_B_OFF();
-       LED_C_OFF();
-       LED_D_OFF();
+       DbpString("COMMAND FINISHED");
+       Dbprintf("maxDataLen=%d, Uart.state=%x, Uart.len=%d", maxDataLen, Uart.state, Uart.len);
+       Dbprintf("traceLen=%d, Uart.output[0]=%08x", BigBuf_get_traceLen(), (uint32_t)Uart.output[0]);

 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Prepare tag messages
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Prepare tag messages
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-static void CodeIso14443aAsTag(const uint8_t *cmd, int len)
+static void CodeIso14443aAsTagPar(const uint8_t *cmd, uint16_t len, uint8_t *parity)

 {
 {

-    int i;
-       int oddparity;
-
-    ToSendReset();
+       ToSendReset();

 
        // Correction bit, might be removed when not needed
        ToSendStuffBit(0);
 
        // Correction bit, might be removed when not needed
        ToSendStuffBit(0);


@@ -803,56 +745,44 @@ static void CodeIso14443aAsTag(const uint8_t *cmd, int len)
 
        // Send startbit
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
 
        // Send startbit
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;

+       LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * ToSendMax - 4;

 
 

-    for(i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-        int j;
-        uint8_t b = cmd[i];
+       for (uint16_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+               uint8_t b = cmd[i];

 
                // Data bits
 
                // Data bits

-        oddparity = 0x01;
-               for(j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
-            oddparity ^= (b & 1);
+               for (uint16_t j = 0; j < 8; j++) {

                        if(b & 1) {
                                ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
                        } else {
                                ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_E;
                        if(b & 1) {
                                ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
                        } else {
                                ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_E;

-            }
-            b >>= 1;
-        }
+                       }
+                       b >>= 1;
+               }

 
 

-        // Parity bit
-        if(oddparity) {
-               ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
+               // Get the parity bit
+               if (parity[i>>3] & (0x80>>(i&0x0007))) {
+                       ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
+                       LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * ToSendMax - 4;

                } else {
                        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_E;
                } else {
                        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_E;

+                       LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * ToSendMax;

                }
                }

-    }
-
-    // Send stopbit
-    ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_F;
-
-       // Flush the buffer in FPGA!!
-       for(i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
-               ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_F;

        }
 
        }
 

-    // Convert from last byte pos to length
-    ToSendMax++;
+       // Send stopbit
+       ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_F;

 
 

-    // Add a few more for slop
-    ToSend[ToSendMax++] = 0x00;
-       ToSend[ToSendMax++] = 0x00;
-    //ToSendMax += 2;
+       // Convert from last byte pos to length
+       ToSendMax++;

 }
 
 }
 

-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// This is to send a NACK kind of answer, its only 3 bits, I know it should be 4
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-static void CodeStrangeAnswer()
+
+static void Code4bitAnswerAsTag(uint8_t cmd)

 {
        int i;
 
 {
        int i;
 

-    ToSendReset();
+       ToSendReset();

 
        // Correction bit, might be removed when not needed
        ToSendStuffBit(0);
 
        // Correction bit, might be removed when not needed
        ToSendStuffBit(0);


@@ -867,295 +797,409 @@ static void CodeStrangeAnswer()
        // Send startbit
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
 
        // Send startbit
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
 

-       // 0
-       ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_E;
+       uint8_t b = cmd;
+       for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+               if(b & 1) {
+                       ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
+                       LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * ToSendMax - 4;
+               } else {
+                       ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_E;
+                       LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * ToSendMax;
+               }
+               b >>= 1;
+       }
+
+       // Send stopbit
+       ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_F;

 
 

-       // 0
-       ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_E;
+       // Convert from last byte pos to length
+       ToSendMax++;
+}

 
 

-       // 1
-       ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;

 
 

-    // Send stopbit
-       ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_F;
+static uint8_t *LastReaderTraceTime = NULL;

 
 

-       // Flush the buffer in FPGA!!
-       for(i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
-               ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_F;
-       }
+static void EmLogTraceReader(void) {
+       // remember last reader trace start to fix timing info later
+       LastReaderTraceTime = BigBuf_get_addr() + BigBuf_get_traceLen();
+       LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, true);
+}

 
 

-    // Convert from last byte pos to length
-    ToSendMax++;

 
 

-    // Add a few more for slop
-    ToSend[ToSendMax++] = 0x00;
-       ToSend[ToSendMax++] = 0x00;
-    //ToSendMax += 2;
+static void FixLastReaderTraceTime(uint32_t tag_StartTime) {
+       uint32_t reader_EndTime = Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG;
+       uint32_t reader_StartTime = Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG;
+       uint16_t reader_modlen = reader_EndTime - reader_StartTime;
+       uint16_t approx_fdt = tag_StartTime - reader_EndTime;
+       uint16_t exact_fdt = (approx_fdt - 20 + 32)/64 * 64 + 20;
+       reader_StartTime = tag_StartTime - exact_fdt - reader_modlen;
+       LastReaderTraceTime[0] = (reader_StartTime >> 0) & 0xff;
+       LastReaderTraceTime[1] = (reader_StartTime >> 8) & 0xff;
+       LastReaderTraceTime[2] = (reader_StartTime >> 16) & 0xff;
+       LastReaderTraceTime[3] = (reader_StartTime >> 24) & 0xff;

 }
 
 }
 

-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Wait for commands from reader
-// Stop when button is pressed
-// Or return TRUE when command is captured
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-static int GetIso14443aCommandFromReader(uint8_t *received, int *len, int maxLen)
-{
-    // Set FPGA mode to "simulated ISO 14443 tag", no modulation (listen
-    // only, since we are receiving, not transmitting).
-    // Signal field is off with the appropriate LED
-    LED_D_OFF();
-    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);
-
-    // Now run a `software UART' on the stream of incoming samples.
-    Uart.output = received;
-    Uart.byteCntMax = maxLen;
-    Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
-
-    for(;;) {
-        WDT_HIT();
-
-        if(BUTTON_PRESS()) return FALSE;
-
-        if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
-            AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0x00;
-        }
-        if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {
-            uint8_t b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
-                       if(MillerDecoding((b & 0xf0) >> 4)) {
-                               *len = Uart.byteCnt;
-                               return TRUE;
-                       }
-                       if(MillerDecoding(b & 0x0f)) {
-                               *len = Uart.byteCnt;
-                               return TRUE;
-                       }
-        }
-    }
+
+static void EmLogTraceTag(uint8_t *tag_data, uint16_t tag_len, uint8_t *tag_Parity, uint32_t ProxToAirDuration) {
+       uint32_t tag_StartTime = LastTimeProxToAirStart*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_TAG;
+       uint32_t tag_EndTime = (LastTimeProxToAirStart + ProxToAirDuration)*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_TAG;
+       LogTrace(tag_data, tag_len, tag_StartTime, tag_EndTime, tag_Parity, false);
+       FixLastReaderTraceTime(tag_StartTime);

 }
 
 }
 

+

 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-// Main loop of simulated tag: receive commands from reader, decide what
-// response to send, and send it.
+// Wait for commands from reader
+// Stop when button is pressed
+// Or return true when command is captured

 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int TagUid)
+static int GetIso14443aCommandFromReader(uint8_t *received, uint8_t *parity, int *len)

 {
 {

-       // This function contains the tag emulation
-
-       // Prepare protocol messages
-    // static const uint8_t cmd1[] = { 0x26 };
-//     static const uint8_t response1[] = { 0x02, 0x00 }; // Says: I am Mifare 4k - original line - greg
-//
-       static const uint8_t response1[] = { 0x44, 0x03 }; // Says: I am a DESFire Tag, ph33r me
-//     static const uint8_t response1[] = { 0x44, 0x00 }; // Says: I am a ULTRALITE Tag, 0wn me
+       // Set FPGA mode to "simulated ISO 14443 tag", no modulation (listen
+       // only, since we are receiving, not transmitting).
+       // Signal field is off with the appropriate LED
+       LED_D_OFF();
+       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);

 
 

-       // UID response
-    // static const uint8_t cmd2[] = { 0x93, 0x20 };
-    //static const uint8_t response2[] = { 0x9a, 0xe5, 0xe4, 0x43, 0xd8 }; // original value - greg
+       // Now run a `software UART' on the stream of incoming samples.
+       UartInit(received, parity);

 
 

-// my desfire
-    static const uint8_t response2[] = { 0x88, 0x04, 0x21, 0x3f, 0x4d }; // known uid - note cascade (0x88), 2nd byte (0x04) = NXP/Phillips
+       // clear RXRDY:
+       uint8_t b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;

 
 

+       for (;;) {
+               WDT_HIT();

 
 

-// When reader selects us during cascade1 it will send cmd3
-//uint8_t response3[] = { 0x04, 0x00, 0x00 }; // SAK Select (cascade1) successful response (ULTRALITE)
-uint8_t response3[] = { 0x24, 0x00, 0x00 }; // SAK Select (cascade1) successful response (DESFire)
-ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response3, 1, &response3[1], &response3[2]);
+               if(BUTTON_PRESS()) return false;

 
 

-// send cascade2 2nd half of UID
-static const uint8_t response2a[] = { 0x51, 0x48, 0x1d, 0x80, 0x84 }; //  uid - cascade2 - 2nd half (4 bytes) of UID+ BCCheck
-// NOTE : THE CRC on the above may be wrong as I have obfuscated the actual UID
+               if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {
+                       b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
+                       if(MillerDecoding(b, 0)) {
+                               *len = Uart.len;
+                               EmLogTraceReader();
+                               return true;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+}

 
 

-// When reader selects us during cascade2 it will send cmd3a
-//uint8_t response3a[] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }; // SAK Select (cascade2) successful response (ULTRALITE)
-uint8_t response3a[] = { 0x20, 0x00, 0x00 }; // SAK Select (cascade2) successful response (DESFire)
-ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response3a, 1, &response3a[1], &response3a[2]);

 
 

-    static const uint8_t response5[] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }; // Very random tag nonce
+int EmSend4bit(uint8_t resp);
+static int EmSendCmdExPar(uint8_t *resp, uint16_t respLen, uint8_t *par);
+int EmSendCmd(uint8_t *resp, uint16_t respLen);
+int EmSendPrecompiledCmd(tag_response_info_t *response_info);

 
 

-    uint8_t *resp;
-    int respLen;

 
 

-    // Longest possible response will be 16 bytes + 2 CRC = 18 bytes
-       // This will need
+static bool prepare_tag_modulation(tag_response_info_t* response_info, size_t max_buffer_size) {
+       // Example response, answer to MIFARE Classic read block will be 16 bytes + 2 CRC = 18 bytes
+       // This will need the following byte array for a modulation sequence

        //    144        data bits (18 * 8)
        //     18        parity bits
        //      2        Start and stop
        //      1        Correction bit (Answer in 1172 or 1236 periods, see FPGA)
        //      1        just for the case
        // ----------- +
        //    144        data bits (18 * 8)
        //     18        parity bits
        //      2        Start and stop
        //      1        Correction bit (Answer in 1172 or 1236 periods, see FPGA)
        //      1        just for the case
        // ----------- +

-       //    166
-       //
-       // 166 bytes, since every bit that needs to be send costs us a byte
+       //    166 bytes, since every bit that needs to be send costs us a byte

        //
 
        //
 

-    // Respond with card type
-    uint8_t *resp1 = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + 800);
-    int resp1Len;

 
 

-    // Anticollision cascade1 - respond with uid
-    uint8_t *resp2 = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + 970);
-    int resp2Len;
+  // Prepare the tag modulation bits from the message
+  GetParity(response_info->response, response_info->response_n, &(response_info->par));
+  CodeIso14443aAsTagPar(response_info->response,response_info->response_n, &(response_info->par));

 
 

-    // Anticollision cascade2 - respond with 2nd half of uid if asked
-    // we're only going to be asked if we set the 1st byte of the UID (during cascade1) to 0x88
-    uint8_t *resp2a = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + 1140);
-    int resp2aLen;
+  // Make sure we do not exceed the free buffer space
+  if (ToSendMax > max_buffer_size) {
+       Dbprintf("Out of memory, when modulating bits for tag answer:");
+       Dbhexdump(response_info->response_n, response_info->response, false);
+       return false;
+  }

 
 

-    // Acknowledge select - cascade 1
-    uint8_t *resp3 = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + 1310);
-    int resp3Len;
+  // Copy the byte array, used for this modulation to the buffer position
+  memcpy(response_info->modulation, ToSend, ToSendMax);

 
 

-    // Acknowledge select - cascade 2
-    uint8_t *resp3a = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + 1480);
-    int resp3aLen;
+  // Store the number of bytes that were used for encoding/modulation and the time needed to transfer them
+  response_info->modulation_n = ToSendMax;
+  response_info->ProxToAirDuration = LastProxToAirDuration;

 
 

-    // Response to a read request - not implemented atm
-    uint8_t *resp4 = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + 1550);
-    int resp4Len;
+  return true;
+}

 
 

-    // Authenticate response - nonce
-    uint8_t *resp5 = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + 1720);
-    int resp5Len;

 
 

-    uint8_t *receivedCmd = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;
-    int len;
+// "precompile" responses. There are 7 predefined responses with a total of 28 bytes data to transmit.
+// Coded responses need one byte per bit to transfer (data, parity, start, stop, correction)
+// 28 * 8 data bits, 28 * 1 parity bits, 7 start bits, 7 stop bits, 7 correction bits for the modulation
+// -> need 273 bytes buffer
+#define ALLOCATED_TAG_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE 273

 
 

-    int i;
-       int u;
-       uint8_t b;
+bool prepare_allocated_tag_modulation(tag_response_info_t* response_info, uint8_t **buffer, size_t *max_buffer_size) {

 
 

-       // To control where we are in the protocol
-       int order = 0;
-       int lastorder;
+  // Retrieve and store the current buffer index
+  response_info->modulation = *buffer;

 
 

-       // Just to allow some checks
-       int happened = 0;
-       int happened2 = 0;
+  // Forward the prepare tag modulation function to the inner function
+  if (prepare_tag_modulation(response_info, *max_buffer_size)) {
+       // Update the free buffer offset and the remaining buffer size
+       *buffer += ToSendMax;
+       *max_buffer_size -= ToSendMax;
+       return true;
+  } else {
+       return false;
+  }
+}

 
 

-    int cmdsRecvd = 0;
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Main loop of simulated tag: receive commands from reader, decide what
+// response to send, and send it.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int uid_1st, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
+{
+       uint8_t sak;
+
+       // The first response contains the ATQA (note: bytes are transmitted in reverse order).
+       uint8_t response1[2];
+
+       switch (tagType) {
+               case 1: { // MIFARE Classic
+                       // Says: I am Mifare 1k - original line
+                       response1[0] = 0x04;
+                       response1[1] = 0x00;
+                       sak = 0x08;
+               } break;
+               case 2: { // MIFARE Ultralight
+                       // Says: I am a stupid memory tag, no crypto
+                       response1[0] = 0x04;
+                       response1[1] = 0x00;
+                       sak = 0x00;
+               } break;
+               case 3: { // MIFARE DESFire
+                       // Says: I am a DESFire tag, ph33r me
+                       response1[0] = 0x04;
+                       response1[1] = 0x03;
+                       sak = 0x20;
+               } break;
+               case 4: { // ISO/IEC 14443-4
+                       // Says: I am a javacard (JCOP)
+                       response1[0] = 0x04;
+                       response1[1] = 0x00;
+                       sak = 0x28;
+               } break;
+               case 5: { // MIFARE TNP3XXX
+                       // Says: I am a toy
+                       response1[0] = 0x01;
+                       response1[1] = 0x0f;
+                       sak = 0x01;
+               } break;
+               default: {
+                       Dbprintf("Error: unkown tagtype (%d)",tagType);
+                       return;
+               } break;
+       }

 
 

-       int fdt_indicator;
+       // The second response contains the (mandatory) first 24 bits of the UID
+       uint8_t response2[5] = {0x00};
+
+       // Check if the uid uses the (optional) part
+       uint8_t response2a[5] = {0x00};
+
+       if (uid_2nd) {
+               response2[0] = 0x88;
+               num_to_bytes(uid_1st,3,response2+1);
+               num_to_bytes(uid_2nd,4,response2a);
+               response2a[4] = response2a[0] ^ response2a[1] ^ response2a[2] ^ response2a[3];
+
+               // Configure the ATQA and SAK accordingly
+               response1[0] |= 0x40;
+               sak |= 0x04;
+       } else {
+               num_to_bytes(uid_1st,4,response2);
+               // Configure the ATQA and SAK accordingly
+               response1[0] &= 0xBF;
+               sak &= 0xFB;
+       }

 
 

-    memset(receivedCmd, 0x44, 400);
+       // Calculate the BitCountCheck (BCC) for the first 4 bytes of the UID.
+       response2[4] = response2[0] ^ response2[1] ^ response2[2] ^ response2[3];
+
+       // Prepare the mandatory SAK (for 4 and 7 byte UID)
+       uint8_t response3[3]  = {0x00};
+       response3[0] = sak;
+       ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response3, 1, &response3[1], &response3[2]);
+
+       // Prepare the optional second SAK (for 7 byte UID), drop the cascade bit
+       uint8_t response3a[3]  = {0x00};
+       response3a[0] = sak & 0xFB;
+       ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response3a, 1, &response3a[1], &response3a[2]);
+
+       uint8_t response5[] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }; // Very random tag nonce
+       uint8_t response6[] = { 0x04, 0x58, 0x80, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00 }; // dummy ATS (pseudo-ATR), answer to RATS:
+       // Format byte = 0x58: FSCI=0x08 (FSC=256), TA(1) and TC(1) present,
+       // TA(1) = 0x80: different divisors not supported, DR = 1, DS = 1
+       // TB(1) = not present. Defaults: FWI = 4 (FWT = 256 * 16 * 2^4 * 1/fc = 4833us), SFGI = 0 (SFG = 256 * 16 * 2^0 * 1/fc = 302us)
+       // TC(1) = 0x02: CID supported, NAD not supported
+       ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response6, 4, &response6[4], &response6[5]);
+
+       #define TAG_RESPONSE_COUNT 7
+       tag_response_info_t responses[TAG_RESPONSE_COUNT] = {
+               { .response = response1,  .response_n = sizeof(response1)  },  // Answer to request - respond with card type
+               { .response = response2,  .response_n = sizeof(response2)  },  // Anticollision cascade1 - respond with uid
+               { .response = response2a, .response_n = sizeof(response2a) },  // Anticollision cascade2 - respond with 2nd half of uid if asked
+               { .response = response3,  .response_n = sizeof(response3)  },  // Acknowledge select - cascade 1
+               { .response = response3a, .response_n = sizeof(response3a) },  // Acknowledge select - cascade 2
+               { .response = response5,  .response_n = sizeof(response5)  },  // Authentication answer (random nonce)
+               { .response = response6,  .response_n = sizeof(response6)  },  // dummy ATS (pseudo-ATR), answer to RATS
+       };
+
+       // Allocate 512 bytes for the dynamic modulation, created when the reader queries for it
+       // Such a response is less time critical, so we can prepare them on the fly
+       #define DYNAMIC_RESPONSE_BUFFER_SIZE 64
+       #define DYNAMIC_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE 512
+       uint8_t dynamic_response_buffer[DYNAMIC_RESPONSE_BUFFER_SIZE];
+       uint8_t dynamic_modulation_buffer[DYNAMIC_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE];
+       tag_response_info_t dynamic_response_info = {
+               .response = dynamic_response_buffer,
+               .response_n = 0,
+               .modulation = dynamic_modulation_buffer,
+               .modulation_n = 0
+       };
+
+       // We need to listen to the high-frequency, peak-detected path.
+       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);
+
+       BigBuf_free_keep_EM();
+
+       // allocate buffers:
+       uint8_t *receivedCmd = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_FRAME_SIZE);
+       uint8_t *receivedCmdPar = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_PARITY_SIZE);
+       uint8_t *free_buffer_pointer = BigBuf_malloc(ALLOCATED_TAG_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE);
+       size_t free_buffer_size = ALLOCATED_TAG_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE;
+       // clear trace
+       clear_trace();
+       set_tracing(true);

 
        // Prepare the responses of the anticollision phase
        // there will be not enough time to do this at the moment the reader sends it REQA
 
        // Prepare the responses of the anticollision phase
        // there will be not enough time to do this at the moment the reader sends it REQA

+       for (size_t i=0; i<TAG_RESPONSE_COUNT; i++) {
+               prepare_allocated_tag_modulation(&responses[i], &free_buffer_pointer, &free_buffer_size);
+       }

 
 

-       // Answer to request
-       CodeIso14443aAsTag(response1, sizeof(response1));
-    memcpy(resp1, ToSend, ToSendMax); resp1Len = ToSendMax;
-
-       // Send our UID (cascade 1)
-       CodeIso14443aAsTag(response2, sizeof(response2));
-    memcpy(resp2, ToSend, ToSendMax); resp2Len = ToSendMax;
-
-       // Answer to select (cascade1)
-       CodeIso14443aAsTag(response3, sizeof(response3));
-    memcpy(resp3, ToSend, ToSendMax); resp3Len = ToSendMax;
+       int len = 0;

 
 

-       // Send the cascade 2 2nd part of the uid
-       CodeIso14443aAsTag(response2a, sizeof(response2a));
-    memcpy(resp2a, ToSend, ToSendMax); resp2aLen = ToSendMax;
+       // To control where we are in the protocol
+       int order = 0;
+       int lastorder;

 
 

-       // Answer to select (cascade 2)
-       CodeIso14443aAsTag(response3a, sizeof(response3a));
-    memcpy(resp3a, ToSend, ToSendMax); resp3aLen = ToSendMax;
+       // Just to allow some checks
+       int happened = 0;
+       int happened2 = 0;
+       int cmdsRecvd = 0;

 
 

-       // Strange answer is an example of rare message size (3 bits)
-       CodeStrangeAnswer();
-       memcpy(resp4, ToSend, ToSendMax); resp4Len = ToSendMax;
+       cmdsRecvd = 0;
+       tag_response_info_t* p_response;

 
 

-       // Authentication answer (random nonce)
-       CodeIso14443aAsTag(response5, sizeof(response5));
-    memcpy(resp5, ToSend, ToSendMax); resp5Len = ToSendMax;
+       LED_A_ON();
+       for (;;) {
+               // Clean receive command buffer
+               if(!GetIso14443aCommandFromReader(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar, &len)) {
+                       DbpString("Button press");
+                       break;
+               }

 
 

-    // We need to listen to the high-frequency, peak-detected path.
-    SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_HIPKD);
-    FpgaSetupSsc();
+               p_response = NULL;
+
+               // Okay, look at the command now.
+               lastorder = order;
+               if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x26) { // Received a REQUEST
+                       p_response = &responses[0]; order = 1;
+               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x52) { // Received a WAKEUP
+                       p_response = &responses[0]; order = 6;
+               } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x20 && receivedCmd[0] == 0x93) {   // Received request for UID (cascade 1)
+                       p_response = &responses[1]; order = 2;
+               } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x20 && receivedCmd[0] == 0x95) {   // Received request for UID (cascade 2)
+                       p_response = &responses[2]; order = 20;
+               } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 && receivedCmd[0] == 0x93) {   // Received a SELECT (cascade 1)
+                       p_response = &responses[3]; order = 3;
+               } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 && receivedCmd[0] == 0x95) {   // Received a SELECT (cascade 2)
+                       p_response = &responses[4]; order = 30;
+               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x30) { // Received a (plain) READ
+                       EmSendCmd(data+(4*receivedCmd[1]),16);
+                       // Dbprintf("Read request from reader: %x %x",receivedCmd[0],receivedCmd[1]);
+                       // We already responded, do not send anything with the EmSendCmd14443aRaw() that is called below
+                       p_response = NULL;
+               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x50) { // Received a HALT
+                       p_response = NULL;
+               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x60 || receivedCmd[0] == 0x61) {   // Received an authentication request
+                       p_response = &responses[5]; order = 7;
+               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0xE0) { // Received a RATS request
+                       if (tagType == 1 || tagType == 2) { // RATS not supported
+                               EmSend4bit(CARD_NACK_NA);
+                               p_response = NULL;
+                       } else {
+                               p_response = &responses[6]; order = 70;
+                       }
+               } else if (order == 7 && len == 8) { // Received {nr] and {ar} (part of authentication)
+                       uint32_t nr = bytes_to_num(receivedCmd,4);
+                       uint32_t ar = bytes_to_num(receivedCmd+4,4);
+                       Dbprintf("Auth attempt {nr}{ar}: %08x %08x",nr,ar);
+               } else {
+                       // Check for ISO 14443A-4 compliant commands, look at left nibble
+                       switch (receivedCmd[0]) {
+
+                               case 0x0B:
+                               case 0x0A: { // IBlock (command)
+                                 dynamic_response_info.response[0] = receivedCmd[0];
+                                 dynamic_response_info.response[1] = 0x00;
+                                 dynamic_response_info.response[2] = 0x90;
+                                 dynamic_response_info.response[3] = 0x00;
+                                 dynamic_response_info.response_n = 4;
+                               } break;
+
+                               case 0x1A:
+                               case 0x1B: { // Chaining command
+                                 dynamic_response_info.response[0] = 0xaa | ((receivedCmd[0]) & 1);
+                                 dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
+                               } break;
+
+                               case 0xaa:
+                               case 0xbb: {
+                                 dynamic_response_info.response[0] = receivedCmd[0] ^ 0x11;
+                                 dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
+                               } break;
+
+                               case 0xBA: { //
+                                 memcpy(dynamic_response_info.response,"\xAB\x00",2);
+                                 dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
+                               } break;
+
+                               case 0xCA:
+                               case 0xC2: { // Readers sends deselect command
+                                 memcpy(dynamic_response_info.response,"\xCA\x00",2);
+                                 dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
+                               } break;
+
+                               default: {
+                                       // Never seen this command before
+                                       Dbprintf("Received unknown command (len=%d):",len);
+                                       Dbhexdump(len,receivedCmd,false);
+                                       // Do not respond
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response_n = 0;
+                               } break;
+                       }

 
 

-    cmdsRecvd = 0;
+                       if (dynamic_response_info.response_n > 0) {
+                               // Copy the CID from the reader query
+                               dynamic_response_info.response[1] = receivedCmd[1];

 
 

-    LED_A_ON();
-       for(;;) {
+                               // Add CRC bytes, always used in ISO 14443A-4 compliant cards
+                               AppendCrc14443a(dynamic_response_info.response,dynamic_response_info.response_n);
+                               dynamic_response_info.response_n += 2;

 
 

-               if(!GetIso14443aCommandFromReader(receivedCmd, &len, 100)) {
-            DbpString("button press");
-            break;
-        }
-       // doob - added loads of debug strings so we can see what the reader is saying to us during the sim as hi14alist is not populated
-        // Okay, look at the command now.
-        lastorder = order;
-               i = 1; // first byte transmitted
-        if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x26) {
-                       // Received a REQUEST
-                       resp = resp1; respLen = resp1Len; order = 1;
-                       //DbpString("Hello request from reader:");
-               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x52) {
-                       // Received a WAKEUP
-                       resp = resp1; respLen = resp1Len; order = 6;
-//                     //DbpString("Wakeup request from reader:");
-
-               } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x20 && receivedCmd[0] == 0x93) {   // greg - cascade 1 anti-collision
-                       // Received request for UID (cascade 1)
-                       resp = resp2; respLen = resp2Len; order = 2;
-//                     DbpString("UID (cascade 1) request from reader:");
-//                     DbpIntegers(receivedCmd[0], receivedCmd[1], receivedCmd[2]);
-
-
-               } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x20 && receivedCmd[0] ==0x95) {    // greg - cascade 2 anti-collision
-                       // Received request for UID (cascade 2)
-                       resp = resp2a; respLen = resp2aLen; order = 20;
-//                     DbpString("UID (cascade 2) request from reader:");
-//                     DbpIntegers(receivedCmd[0], receivedCmd[1], receivedCmd[2]);
-
-
-               } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 && receivedCmd[0] ==0x93) {    // greg - cascade 1 select
-                       // Received a SELECT
-                       resp = resp3; respLen = resp3Len; order = 3;
-//                     DbpString("Select (cascade 1) request from reader:");
-//                     DbpIntegers(receivedCmd[0], receivedCmd[1], receivedCmd[2]);
-
-
-               } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 && receivedCmd[0] ==0x95) {    // greg - cascade 2 select
-                       // Received a SELECT
-                       resp = resp3a; respLen = resp3aLen; order = 30;
-//                     DbpString("Select (cascade 2) request from reader:");
-//                     DbpIntegers(receivedCmd[0], receivedCmd[1], receivedCmd[2]);
-
-
-               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x30) {
-                       // Received a READ
-                       resp = resp4; respLen = resp4Len; order = 4; // Do nothing
-                       Dbprintf("Read request from reader: %x %x %x",
-                               receivedCmd[0], receivedCmd[1], receivedCmd[2]);
-
-
-               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x50) {
-                       // Received a HALT
-                       resp = resp1; respLen = 0; order = 5; // Do nothing
-                       DbpString("Reader requested we HALT!:");
-
-               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x60) {
-                       // Received an authentication request
-                       resp = resp5; respLen = resp5Len; order = 7;
-                       Dbprintf("Authenticate request from reader: %x %x %x",
-                               receivedCmd[0], receivedCmd[1], receivedCmd[2]);
-
-               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0xE0) {
-                       // Received a RATS request
-                       resp = resp1; respLen = 0;order = 70;
-                       Dbprintf("RATS request from reader: %x %x %x",
-                               receivedCmd[0], receivedCmd[1], receivedCmd[2]);
-        } else {
-            // Never seen this command before
-               Dbprintf("Unknown command received from reader (len=%d): %x %x %x %x %x %x %x %x %x",
-                       len,
-                       receivedCmd[0], receivedCmd[1], receivedCmd[2],
-                       receivedCmd[3], receivedCmd[4], receivedCmd[5],
-                       receivedCmd[6], receivedCmd[7], receivedCmd[8]);
-                       // Do not respond
-                       resp = resp1; respLen = 0; order = 0;
-        }
+                               if (prepare_tag_modulation(&dynamic_response_info,DYNAMIC_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE) == false) {
+                                       Dbprintf("Error preparing tag response");
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               p_response = &dynamic_response_info;
+                       }
+               }

 
                // Count number of wakeups received after a halt
                if(order == 6 && lastorder == 5) { happened++; }
 
                // Count number of wakeups received after a halt
                if(order == 6 && lastorder == 5) { happened++; }


@@ -1163,250 +1207,380 @@ ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response3a, 1, &response3a[1], &response3a[2]);
                // Count number of other messages after a halt
                if(order != 6 && lastorder == 5) { happened2++; }
 
                // Count number of other messages after a halt
                if(order != 6 && lastorder == 5) { happened2++; }
 

-               // Look at last parity bit to determine timing of answer
-               if((Uart.parityBits & 0x01) || receivedCmd[0] == 0x52) {
-                       // 1236, so correction bit needed
-                       i = 0;
-               }
-
-        memset(receivedCmd, 0x44, 32);
-

                if(cmdsRecvd > 999) {
                        DbpString("1000 commands later...");
                if(cmdsRecvd > 999) {
                        DbpString("1000 commands later...");

-            break;
-        }
-               else {
-                       cmdsRecvd++;
-               }
-
-        if(respLen <= 0) continue;
-
-        // Modulate Manchester
-               FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_MOD);
-        AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0x00;
-        FpgaSetupSsc();
-
-               // ### Transmit the response ###
-               u = 0;
-               b = 0x00;
-               fdt_indicator = FALSE;
-        for(;;) {
-            if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {
-                               volatile uint8_t b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
-                (void)b;
-            }
-            if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
-                               if(i > respLen) {
-                                       b = 0x00;
-                                       u++;
-                               } else {
-                                       b = resp[i];
-                                       i++;
-                               }
-                               AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = b;
-
-                if(u > 4) {
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-                       if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
-                           break;
-                       }
-        }
+                       break;
+               }
+               cmdsRecvd++;
+
+               if (p_response != NULL) {
+                       EmSendPrecompiledCmd(p_response);
+               }

 
 

-    }
+               if (!get_tracing()) {
+                       Dbprintf("Trace Full. Simulation stopped.");
+                       break;
+               }
+       }

 
        Dbprintf("%x %x %x", happened, happened2, cmdsRecvd);
        LED_A_OFF();
 
        Dbprintf("%x %x %x", happened, happened2, cmdsRecvd);
        LED_A_OFF();

+       BigBuf_free_keep_EM();

 }
 
 }
 

-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// prepare a delayed transfer. This simply shifts ToSend[] by a number
+// of bits specified in the delay parameter.
+static void PrepareDelayedTransfer(uint16_t delay)
+{
+       uint8_t bitmask = 0;
+       uint8_t bits_to_shift = 0;
+       uint8_t bits_shifted = 0;
+
+       delay &= 0x07;
+       if (delay) {
+               for (uint16_t i = 0; i < delay; i++) {
+                       bitmask |= (0x01 << i);
+               }
+               ToSend[ToSendMax++] = 0x00;
+               for (uint16_t i = 0; i < ToSendMax; i++) {
+                       bits_to_shift = ToSend[i] & bitmask;
+                       ToSend[i] = ToSend[i] >> delay;
+                       ToSend[i] = ToSend[i] | (bits_shifted << (8 - delay));
+                       bits_shifted = bits_to_shift;
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 // Transmit the command (to the tag) that was placed in ToSend[].
 // Transmit the command (to the tag) that was placed in ToSend[].

-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-static void TransmitFor14443a(const uint8_t *cmd, int len, int *samples, int *wait)
+// Parameter timing:
+// if NULL: transfer at next possible time, taking into account
+//          request guard time, startup frame guard time and frame delay time
+// if == 0: transfer immediately and return time of transfer
+// if != 0: delay transfer until time specified
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void TransmitFor14443a(const uint8_t *cmd, uint16_t len, uint32_t *timing)

 {
 {

-  int c;
-
-  FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);
-
-       if (wait)
-    if(*wait < 10)
-      *wait = 10;
-
-  for(c = 0; c < *wait;) {
-    if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
-      AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0x00;          // For exact timing!
-      c++;
-    }
-    if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {
-      volatile uint32_t r = AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
-      (void)r;
-    }
-    WDT_HIT();
-  }
+       LED_B_ON();
+       LED_D_ON();
+       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);

 
 

-  c = 0;
-  for(;;) {
-    if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
-      AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = cmd[c];
-      c++;
-      if(c >= len) {
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {
-      volatile uint32_t r = AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
-      (void)r;
-    }
-    WDT_HIT();
-  }
-       if (samples) *samples = (c + *wait) << 3;
+       uint32_t ThisTransferTime = 0;
+
+       if (timing) {
+               if(*timing == 0) {                                      // Measure time
+                       *timing = (GetCountSspClk() + 8) & 0xfffffff8;
+               } else {
+                       PrepareDelayedTransfer(*timing & 0x00000007);       // Delay transfer (fine tuning - up to 7 MF clock ticks)
+               }
+               if(MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4 && GetCountSspClk() >= (*timing & 0xfffffff8)) Dbprintf("TransmitFor14443a: Missed timing");
+               while (GetCountSspClk() < (*timing & 0xfffffff8));      // Delay transfer (multiple of 8 MF clock ticks)
+               LastTimeProxToAirStart = *timing;
+       } else {
+               ThisTransferTime = ((MAX(NextTransferTime, GetCountSspClk()) & 0xfffffff8) + 8);
+               while (GetCountSspClk() < ThisTransferTime);
+               LastTimeProxToAirStart = ThisTransferTime;
+       }
+
+       // clear TXRDY
+       AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = SEC_Y;
+
+       uint16_t c = 0;
+       for (;;) {
+               if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
+                       AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = cmd[c];
+                       c++;
+                       if(c >= len) {
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       NextTransferTime = MAX(NextTransferTime, LastTimeProxToAirStart + REQUEST_GUARD_TIME);
+       LED_B_OFF();

 }
 
 }
 

+

 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-// Code a 7-bit command without parity bit
-// This is especially for 0x26 and 0x52 (REQA and WUPA)
+// Prepare reader command (in bits, support short frames) to send to FPGA

 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-void ShortFrameFromReader(const uint8_t bt)
+static void CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(const uint8_t *cmd, uint16_t bits, const uint8_t *parity)

 {
 {

-       int j;
+       int i, j;

        int last;
        int last;

-  uint8_t b;
+       uint8_t b;

 
        ToSendReset();
 
        // Start of Communication (Seq. Z)
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Z;
 
        ToSendReset();
 
        // Start of Communication (Seq. Z)
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Z;

+       LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * (ToSendMax+1) - 6;

        last = 0;
 
        last = 0;
 

-       b = bt;
-       for(j = 0; j < 7; j++) {
-               if(b & 1) {
-                       // Sequence X
-                       ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_X;
-                       last = 1;
-               } else {
-                       if(last == 0) {
+       size_t bytecount = nbytes(bits);
+       // Generate send structure for the data bits
+       for (i = 0; i < bytecount; i++) {
+               // Get the current byte to send
+               b = cmd[i];
+               size_t bitsleft = MIN((bits-(i*8)),8);
+
+               for (j = 0; j < bitsleft; j++) {
+                       if (b & 1) {
+                               // Sequence X
+                               ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_X;
+                               LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * (ToSendMax+1) - 2;
+                               last = 1;
+                       } else {
+                               if (last == 0) {

                                // Sequence Z
                                ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Z;
                                // Sequence Z
                                ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Z;

+                               LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * (ToSendMax+1) - 6;
+                               } else {
+                                       // Sequence Y
+                                       ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
+                                       last = 0;
+                               }

                        }
                        }

-                       else {
-                               // Sequence Y
-                               ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
-                               last = 0;
+                       b >>= 1;
+               }
+
+               // Only transmit parity bit if we transmitted a complete byte
+               if (j == 8 && parity != NULL) {
+                       // Get the parity bit
+                       if (parity[i>>3] & (0x80 >> (i&0x0007))) {
+                               // Sequence X
+                               ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_X;
+                               LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * (ToSendMax+1) - 2;
+                               last = 1;
+                       } else {
+                               if (last == 0) {
+                                       // Sequence Z
+                                       ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Z;
+                                       LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * (ToSendMax+1) - 6;
+                               } else {
+                                       // Sequence Y
+                                       ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
+                                       last = 0;
+                               }

                        }
                }
                        }
                }

-               b >>= 1;

        }
 
        }
 

-       // End of Communication
-       if(last == 0) {
+       // End of Communication: Logic 0 followed by Sequence Y
+       if (last == 0) {

                // Sequence Z
                ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Z;
                // Sequence Z
                ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Z;

-       }
-       else {
+               LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * (ToSendMax+1) - 6;
+       } else {

                // Sequence Y
                ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
                last = 0;
        }
                // Sequence Y
                ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
                last = 0;
        }

-       // Sequence Y
-       ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
-
-       // Just to be sure!
-       ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
-       ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;

        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
 
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
 

-    // Convert from last character reference to length
-    ToSendMax++;
+       // Convert to length of command:
+       ToSendMax++;

 }
 
 }
 

+

 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-// Prepare reader command to send to FPGA
-//
+// Wait for commands from reader
+// Stop when button is pressed (return 1) or field was gone (return 2)
+// Or return 0 when command is captured

 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-void CodeIso14443aAsReaderPar(const uint8_t * cmd, int len, uint32_t dwParity)
+int EmGetCmd(uint8_t *received, uint16_t *len, uint8_t *parity)

 {
 {

-  int i, j;
-  int last;
-  uint8_t b;
-
-  ToSendReset();
-
-  // Start of Communication (Seq. Z)
-  ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Z;
-  last = 0;
-
-  // Generate send structure for the data bits
-  for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-    // Get the current byte to send
-    b = cmd[i];
-
-    for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
-      if (b & 1) {
-        // Sequence X
-         ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_X;
-        last = 1;
-      } else {
-        if (last == 0) {
-          // Sequence Z
-               ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Z;
-        } else {
-          // Sequence Y
-               ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
-          last = 0;
-        }
-      }
-      b >>= 1;
-    }
-
-    // Get the parity bit
-    if ((dwParity >> i) & 0x01) {
-      // Sequence X
-       ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_X;
-      last = 1;
-    } else {
-      if (last == 0) {
-        // Sequence Z
-         ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Z;
-      } else {
-        // Sequence Y
-         ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
-        last = 0;
-      }
-    }
-  }
+       uint32_t field_off_time = -1;
+       uint32_t samples = 0;
+       int ret = 0;
+       uint8_t b = 0;;
+       uint8_t dmaBuf[DMA_BUFFER_SIZE];
+       uint8_t *upTo = dmaBuf;
+
+       *len = 0;
+
+       // Run a 'software UART' on the stream of incoming samples.
+       UartInit(received, parity);
+
+       // start ADC
+       AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CR = AT91C_ADC_START;
+
+       // Ensure that the FPGA Delay Queue is empty before we switch to TAGSIM_LISTEN
+       while (GetCountSspClk() < LastTimeProxToAirStart + LastProxToAirDuration + (FpgaSendQueueDelay>>3) - 8 - 3) /* wait */ ;
+
+       // Set FPGA mode to "simulated ISO 14443 tag", no modulation (listen
+       // only, since we are receiving, not transmitting).
+       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);
+
+       // clear receive register, measure time of next transfer
+       uint32_t temp = AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR; (void) temp;
+       while (!(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) ;
+       uint32_t start_time = GetCountSspClk() & 0xfffffff8;
+
+       // Setup and start DMA.
+       FpgaSetupSscDma(dmaBuf, DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
+
+       for(;;) {
+               uint16_t behindBy = ((uint8_t*)AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RPR - upTo) & (DMA_BUFFER_SIZE-1);
+
+               if (behindBy == 0) continue;
+
+               b = *upTo++;
+
+               if(upTo >= dmaBuf + DMA_BUFFER_SIZE) {                   // we have read all of the DMA buffer content.
+                       upTo = dmaBuf;                                       // start reading the circular buffer from the beginning
+                       if(behindBy > (9*DMA_BUFFER_SIZE/10)) {
+                               Dbprintf("About to blow circular buffer - aborted! behindBy=%d", behindBy);
+                               ret = 1;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+               if (AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_ENDRX)) {        // DMA Counter Register had reached 0, already rotated.
+                       AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNPR = (uint32_t) dmaBuf;    // refresh the DMA Next Buffer and
+                       AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNCR = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;      // DMA Next Counter registers
+               }
+
+               if (BUTTON_PRESS()) {
+                       ret = 1;
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               // check reader's HF field
+               if (AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_SR & ADC_END_OF_CONVERSION(ADC_CHAN_HF_LOW)) {
+                       if ((MAX_ADC_HF_VOLTAGE_LOW * AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CDR[ADC_CHAN_HF_LOW]) >> 10 < MF_MINFIELDV) {
+                               if (GetTickCount() - field_off_time > 50) {
+                                       ret = 2; // reader has switched off HF field for more than 50ms. Timeout
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               field_off_time = GetTickCount(); // HF field is still there. Reset timer
+                       }
+                       AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CR = AT91C_ADC_START; // restart ADC
+               }
+
+               if (MillerDecoding(b, start_time + samples*8)) {
+                       *len = Uart.len;
+                       EmLogTraceReader();
+                       ret = 0;
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               samples++;
+       }
+
+       FpgaDisableSscDma();
+       return ret;
+}
+
+
+static int EmSendCmd14443aRaw(uint8_t *resp, uint16_t respLen)
+{
+       LED_C_ON();
+
+       uint8_t b;
+       uint16_t i = 0;
+       bool correctionNeeded;
+
+       // Modulate Manchester
+       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_MOD);
+
+       // include correction bit if necessary
+       if (Uart.bitCount == 7)
+       {
+               // Short tags (7 bits) don't have parity, determine the correct value from MSB
+               correctionNeeded = Uart.output[0] & 0x40;
+       }
+       else
+       {
+               // Look at the last parity bit
+               correctionNeeded = Uart.parity[(Uart.len-1)/8] & (0x80 >> ((Uart.len-1) & 7));
+       }
+
+       if (correctionNeeded) {
+               // 1236, so correction bit needed
+               i = 0;
+       } else {
+               i = 1;
+       }
+
+       // clear receiving shift register and holding register
+       b = AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR; (void) b;
+       while (!(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY));
+       b = AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR; (void) b;
+
+       // wait for the FPGA to signal fdt_indicator == 1 (the FPGA is ready to queue new data in its delay line)
+       for (uint16_t j = 0; j < 5; j++) {  // allow timeout - better late than never
+               while (!(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY));
+               if (AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR) break;
+       }
+
+       LastTimeProxToAirStart = (GetCountSspClk() & 0xfffffff8) + (correctionNeeded?8:0);
+
+       // send cycle
+       for (; i < respLen; ) {
+               if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
+                       AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = resp[i++];
+                       FpgaSendQueueDelay = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
+               }
+
+               if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+
+       LED_C_OFF();
+       return 0;
+}
+
+
+int EmSend4bit(uint8_t resp){
+       Code4bitAnswerAsTag(resp);
+       int res = EmSendCmd14443aRaw(ToSend, ToSendMax);
+       // Log this tag answer and fix timing of previous reader command:
+       EmLogTraceTag(&resp, 1, NULL, LastProxToAirDuration);
+       return res;
+}
+
+
+static int EmSendCmdExPar(uint8_t *resp, uint16_t respLen, uint8_t *par){
+       CodeIso14443aAsTagPar(resp, respLen, par);
+       int res = EmSendCmd14443aRaw(ToSend, ToSendMax);
+       // Log this tag answer and fix timing of previous reader command:
+       EmLogTraceTag(resp, respLen, par, LastProxToAirDuration);
+       return res;
+}

 
 

-  // End of Communication
-  if (last == 0) {
-    // Sequence Z
-         ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Z;
-  } else {
-    // Sequence Y
-         ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
-    last = 0;
-  }
-  // Sequence Y
-  ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;

 
 

-  // Just to be sure!
-  ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
-  ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
-  ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
+int EmSendCmd(uint8_t *resp, uint16_t respLen){
+       uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];
+       GetParity(resp, respLen, par);
+       return EmSendCmdExPar(resp, respLen, par);
+}
+
+
+int EmSendCmdPar(uint8_t *resp, uint16_t respLen, uint8_t *par){
+       return EmSendCmdExPar(resp, respLen, par);
+}

 
 

-  // Convert from last character reference to length
-  ToSendMax++;
+
+int EmSendPrecompiledCmd(tag_response_info_t *response_info) {
+       int ret = EmSendCmd14443aRaw(response_info->modulation, response_info->modulation_n);
+       // Log this tag answer and fix timing of previous reader command:
+       EmLogTraceTag(response_info->response, response_info->response_n, &(response_info->par), response_info->ProxToAirDuration);
+       return ret;

 }
 
 }
 

+

 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Wait a certain time for tag response
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Wait a certain time for tag response

-//  If a response is captured return TRUE
-//  If it takes to long return FALSE
+//  If a response is captured return true
+//  If it takes too long return false

 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-static int GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(uint8_t *receivedResponse, int maxLen, int *samples, int *elapsed) //uint8_t *buffer
+static int GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(uint8_t *receivedResponse, uint8_t *receivedResponsePar, uint16_t offset)

 {
 {

-       // buffer needs to be 512 bytes
-       int c;
+       uint32_t c;

 
        // Set FPGA mode to "reader listen mode", no modulation (listen
        // only, since we are receiving, not transmitting).
 
        // Set FPGA mode to "reader listen mode", no modulation (listen
        // only, since we are receiving, not transmitting).


@@ -1415,946 +1589,1029 @@ static int GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(uint8_t *receivedResponse, int maxLen, int
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_LISTEN);
 
        // Now get the answer from the card
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_LISTEN);
 
        // Now get the answer from the card

-       Demod.output = receivedResponse;
-       Demod.len = 0;
-       Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
+       DemodInit(receivedResponse, receivedResponsePar);

 
 

-       uint8_t b;
-       if (elapsed) *elapsed = 0;
+       // clear RXRDY:
+       uint8_t b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;

 
        c = 0;
 
        c = 0;

-       for(;;) {
+       for (;;) {

                WDT_HIT();
 
                WDT_HIT();
 

-               if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
-                       AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0x00;  // To make use of exact timing of next command from reader!!
-                       if (elapsed) (*elapsed)++;
-               }

                if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {
                if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {

-                       if(c < iso14a_timeout) { c++; } else { return FALSE; }

                        b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
                        b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;

-                       if(ManchesterDecoding((b>>4) & 0xf)) {
-                               *samples = ((c - 1) << 3) + 4;
-                               return TRUE;
-                       }
-                       if(ManchesterDecoding(b & 0x0f)) {
-                               *samples = c << 3;
-                               return TRUE;
+                       if(ManchesterDecoding(b, offset, 0)) {
+                               NextTransferTime = MAX(NextTransferTime, Demod.endTime - (DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER)/16 + FRAME_DELAY_TIME_PICC_TO_PCD);
+                               return true;
+                       } else if (c++ > iso14a_timeout && Demod.state == DEMOD_UNSYNCD) {
+                               return false;

                        }
                }
        }
 }
 
                        }
                }
        }
 }
 

-void ReaderTransmitShort(const uint8_t* bt)
-{
-  int wait = 0;
-  int samples = 0;

 
 

-  ShortFrameFromReader(*bt);
+void ReaderTransmitBitsPar(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t bits, uint8_t *par, uint32_t *timing)
+{
+       CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(frame, bits, par);

 
 

-  // Select the card
-  TransmitFor14443a(ToSend, ToSendMax, &samples, &wait);
+       // Send command to tag
+       TransmitFor14443a(ToSend, ToSendMax, timing);
+       if(trigger)
+               LED_A_ON();

 
 

-  // Store reader command in buffer
-  if (tracing) LogTrace(bt,1,0,GetParity(bt,1),TRUE);
+       // Log reader command in trace buffer
+       LogTrace(frame, nbytes(bits), LastTimeProxToAirStart*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER, (LastTimeProxToAirStart + LastProxToAirDuration)*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER, par, true);

 }
 
 }
 

-void ReaderTransmitPar(uint8_t* frame, int len, uint32_t par)
-{
-  int wait = 0;
-  int samples = 0;
-
-  // This is tied to other size changes
-  //   uint8_t* frame_addr = ((uint8_t*)BigBuf) + 2024;
-  CodeIso14443aAsReaderPar(frame,len,par);

 
 

-  // Select the card
-  TransmitFor14443a(ToSend, ToSendMax, &samples, &wait);
-  if(trigger)
-       LED_A_ON();
-
-  // Store reader command in buffer
-  if (tracing) LogTrace(frame,len,0,par,TRUE);
+void ReaderTransmitPar(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t len, uint8_t *par, uint32_t *timing)
+{
+  ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame, len*8, par, timing);

 }
 
 
 }
 
 

-void ReaderTransmit(uint8_t* frame, int len)
+static void ReaderTransmitBits(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t len, uint32_t *timing)

 {
   // Generate parity and redirect
 {
   // Generate parity and redirect

-  ReaderTransmitPar(frame,len,GetParity(frame,len));
+  uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];
+  GetParity(frame, len/8, par);
+  ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame, len, par, timing);

 }
 
 }
 

-int ReaderReceive(uint8_t* receivedAnswer)
+
+void ReaderTransmit(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t len, uint32_t *timing)

 {
 {

-  int samples = 0;
-  if (!GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(receivedAnswer,160,&samples,0)) return FALSE;
-  if (tracing) LogTrace(receivedAnswer,Demod.len,samples,Demod.parityBits,FALSE);
-  if(samples == 0) return FALSE;
-  return Demod.len;
+  // Generate parity and redirect
+  uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];
+  GetParity(frame, len, par);
+  ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame, len*8, par, timing);

 }
 
 }
 

-int ReaderReceivePar(uint8_t* receivedAnswer, uint32_t * parptr)
+
+static int ReaderReceiveOffset(uint8_t* receivedAnswer, uint16_t offset, uint8_t *parity)

 {
 {

-  int samples = 0;
-  if (!GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(receivedAnswer,160,&samples,0)) return FALSE;
-  if (tracing) LogTrace(receivedAnswer,Demod.len,samples,Demod.parityBits,FALSE);
-       *parptr = Demod.parityBits;
-  if(samples == 0) return FALSE;
-  return Demod.len;
+       if (!GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(receivedAnswer, parity, offset)) return false;
+       LogTrace(receivedAnswer, Demod.len, Demod.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, Demod.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, parity, false);
+       return Demod.len;

 }
 
 }
 

-/* performs iso14443a anticolision procedure
- * fills the uid pointer unless NULL
- * fills resp_data unless NULL */
-int iso14443a_select_card(uint8_t * uid_ptr, iso14a_card_select_t * resp_data, uint32_t * cuid_ptr) {
-       uint8_t wupa[]       = { 0x52 };  // 0x26 - REQA  0x52 - WAKE-UP
-       uint8_t sel_all[]    = { 0x93,0x20 };
-       uint8_t sel_uid[]    = { 0x93,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 };
-       uint8_t rats[]       = { 0xE0,0x80,0x00,0x00 }; // FSD=256, FSDI=8, CID=0
-
-       uint8_t* resp = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + 3560);   // was 3560 - tied to other size changes

 
 

-       uint8_t sak = 0x04; // cascade uid
-       int cascade_level = 0;
+int ReaderReceive(uint8_t *receivedAnswer, uint8_t *parity)
+{
+       if (!GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(receivedAnswer, parity, 0)) return false;
+       LogTrace(receivedAnswer, Demod.len, Demod.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, Demod.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, parity, false);
+       return Demod.len;
+}

 
 

-       int len;
-       
-       // clear uid
-       memset(uid_ptr, 0, 8);
-
-       // Broadcast for a card, WUPA (0x52) will force response from all cards in the field
-       ReaderTransmitShort(wupa);
-       // Receive the ATQA
-       if(!ReaderReceive(resp)) return 0;
-
-       if(resp_data)
-               memcpy(resp_data->atqa, resp, 2);
-       
-       // OK we will select at least at cascade 1, lets see if first byte of UID was 0x88 in
-       // which case we need to make a cascade 2 request and select - this is a long UID
-       // While the UID is not complete, the 3nd bit (from the right) is set in the SAK.
-       for(; sak & 0x04; cascade_level++)
-       {
-               // SELECT_* (L1: 0x93, L2: 0x95, L3: 0x97)
-               sel_uid[0] = sel_all[0] = 0x93 + cascade_level * 2;

 
 

-               // SELECT_ALL
-               ReaderTransmit(sel_all,sizeof(sel_all));
-               if (!ReaderReceive(resp)) return 0;
-               if(uid_ptr) memcpy(uid_ptr + cascade_level*4, resp, 4);
-               
-               // calculate crypto UID
-               if(cuid_ptr) *cuid_ptr = bytes_to_num(resp, 4);
+static void iso14a_set_ATS_times(uint8_t *ats) {

 
 

-               // Construct SELECT UID command
-               memcpy(sel_uid+2,resp,5);
-               AppendCrc14443a(sel_uid,7);
-               ReaderTransmit(sel_uid,sizeof(sel_uid));
+       uint8_t tb1;
+       uint8_t fwi, sfgi;
+       uint32_t fwt, sfgt;

 
 

-               // Receive the SAK
-               if (!ReaderReceive(resp)) return 0;
-               sak = resp[0];
-       }
-       if(resp_data) {
-               resp_data->sak = sak;
-               resp_data->ats_len = 0;
-       }
-       //--  this byte not UID, it CT.  http://www.nxp.com/documents/application_note/AN10927.pdf  page 3
-       if (uid_ptr[0] == 0x88) {  
-               memcpy(uid_ptr, uid_ptr + 1, 7);
-               uid_ptr[7] = 0;
+       if (ats[0] > 1) {                           // there is a format byte T0
+               if ((ats[1] & 0x20) == 0x20) {          // there is an interface byte TB(1)
+                       if ((ats[1] & 0x10) == 0x10) {      // there is an interface byte TA(1) preceding TB(1)
+                               tb1 = ats[3];
+                       } else {
+                               tb1 = ats[2];
+                       }
+                       fwi = (tb1 & 0xf0) >> 4;            // frame waiting time integer (FWI)
+                       if (fwi != 15) {
+                               fwt = 256 * 16 * (1 << fwi);    // frame waiting time (FWT) in 1/fc
+                               iso14a_set_timeout(fwt/(8*16));
+                       }
+                       sfgi = tb1 & 0x0f;                  // startup frame guard time integer (SFGI)
+                       if (sfgi != 0 && sfgi != 15) {
+                               sfgt = 256 * 16 * (1 << sfgi);  // startup frame guard time (SFGT) in 1/fc
+                               NextTransferTime = MAX(NextTransferTime, Demod.endTime + (sfgt - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER - DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER)/16);
+                       }
+               }

        }
        }

+}

 
 

-       if( (sak & 0x20) == 0)
-               return 2; // non iso14443a compliant tag

 
 

-       // Request for answer to select
-       if(resp_data) {  // JCOP cards - if reader sent RATS then there is no MIFARE session at all!!!
-               AppendCrc14443a(rats, 2);
-               ReaderTransmit(rats, sizeof(rats));
-               
-               if (!(len = ReaderReceive(resp))) return 0;
-               
-               memcpy(resp_data->ats, resp, sizeof(resp_data->ats));
-               resp_data->ats_len = len;
-       }
-       
-       return 1;
-}
+static int GetATQA(uint8_t *resp, uint8_t *resp_par) {

 
 

-void iso14443a_setup() {
-       // Setup SSC
-       FpgaSetupSsc();
-       // Start from off (no field generated)
-       // Signal field is off with the appropriate LED
-       LED_D_OFF();
-       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
-       SpinDelay(200);
+#define WUPA_RETRY_TIMEOUT  10  // 10ms
+       uint8_t wupa[]       = { 0x52 };  // 0x26 - REQA  0x52 - WAKE-UP

 
 

-       SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_HIPKD);
+       uint32_t save_iso14a_timeout = iso14a_get_timeout();
+       iso14a_set_timeout(1236/(16*8)+1);      // response to WUPA is expected at exactly 1236/fc. No need to wait longer.

 
 

-       // Now give it time to spin up.
-       // Signal field is on with the appropriate LED
-       LED_D_ON();
-       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);
-       SpinDelay(200);
+       uint32_t start_time = GetTickCount();
+       int len;

 
 

-       iso14a_timeout = 2048; //default
-}
+       // we may need several tries if we did send an unknown command or a wrong authentication before...
+       do {
+               // Broadcast for a card, WUPA (0x52) will force response from all cards in the field
+               ReaderTransmitBitsPar(wupa, 7, NULL, NULL);
+               // Receive the ATQA
+               len = ReaderReceive(resp, resp_par);
+       } while (len == 0 && GetTickCount() <= start_time + WUPA_RETRY_TIMEOUT);

 
 

-int iso14_apdu(uint8_t * cmd, size_t cmd_len, void * data) {
-       uint8_t real_cmd[cmd_len+4];
-       real_cmd[0] = 0x0a; //I-Block
-       real_cmd[1] = 0x00; //CID: 0 //FIXME: allow multiple selected cards
-       memcpy(real_cmd+2, cmd, cmd_len);
-       AppendCrc14443a(real_cmd,cmd_len+2);
- 
-       ReaderTransmit(real_cmd, cmd_len+4);
-       size_t len = ReaderReceive(data);
-       if(!len)
-               return -1; //DATA LINK ERROR
-       
+       iso14a_set_timeout(save_iso14a_timeout);

        return len;
 }
 
 
        return len;
 }
 
 

-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Read an ISO 14443a tag. Send out commands and store answers.
-//
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-void ReaderIso14443a(UsbCommand * c, UsbCommand * ack)
-{
-       iso14a_command_t param = c->arg[0];
-       uint8_t * cmd = c->d.asBytes;
-       size_t len = c->arg[1];
-
-       if(param & ISO14A_REQUEST_TRIGGER) iso14a_set_trigger(1);
+// performs iso14443a anticollision (optional) and card select procedure
+// fills the uid and cuid pointer unless NULL
+// fills the card info record unless NULL
+// if anticollision is false, then the UID must be provided in uid_ptr[]
+// and num_cascades must be set (1: 4 Byte UID, 2: 7 Byte UID, 3: 10 Byte UID)
+// requests ATS unless no_rats is true
+int iso14443a_select_card(byte_t *uid_ptr, iso14a_card_select_t *p_hi14a_card, uint32_t *cuid_ptr, bool anticollision, uint8_t num_cascades, bool no_rats) {
+       uint8_t sel_all[]    = { 0x93,0x20 };
+       uint8_t sel_uid[]    = { 0x93,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00};
+       uint8_t rats[]       = { 0xE0,0x80,0x00,0x00 }; // FSD=256, FSDI=8, CID=0
+       uint8_t resp[MAX_FRAME_SIZE]; // theoretically. A usual RATS will be much smaller
+       uint8_t resp_par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];
+       byte_t uid_resp[4];
+       size_t uid_resp_len;

 
 

-       if(param & ISO14A_CONNECT) {
-               iso14443a_setup();
-               ack->arg[0] = iso14443a_select_card(ack->d.asBytes, (iso14a_card_select_t *) (ack->d.asBytes+12), NULL);
-               UsbSendPacket((void *)ack, sizeof(UsbCommand));
-       }
+       uint8_t sak = 0x04; // cascade uid
+       int cascade_level = 0;
+       int len;

 
 

-       if(param & ISO14A_SET_TIMEOUT) {
-               iso14a_timeout = c->arg[2];
+       // init card struct
+       if(p_hi14a_card) {
+               p_hi14a_card->uidlen = 0;
+               memset(p_hi14a_card->uid, 0, 10);
+               p_hi14a_card->ats_len = 0;

        }
 
        }
 

-       if(param & ISO14A_SET_TIMEOUT) {
-               iso14a_timeout = c->arg[2];
+       if (!GetATQA(resp, resp_par)) {
+               return 0;

        }
 
        }
 

-       if(param & ISO14A_APDU) {
-               ack->arg[0] = iso14_apdu(cmd, len, ack->d.asBytes);
-               UsbSendPacket((void *)ack, sizeof(UsbCommand));
+       if(p_hi14a_card) {
+               memcpy(p_hi14a_card->atqa, resp, 2);

        }
 
        }
 

-       if(param & ISO14A_RAW) {
-               if(param & ISO14A_APPEND_CRC) {
-                       AppendCrc14443a(cmd,len);
-                       len += 2;
+       if (anticollision) {
+               // clear uid
+               if (uid_ptr) {
+                       memset(uid_ptr,0,10);

                }
                }

-               ReaderTransmit(cmd,len);
-               ack->arg[0] = ReaderReceive(ack->d.asBytes);
-               UsbSendPacket((void *)ack, sizeof(UsbCommand));

        }
 
        }
 

-       if(param & ISO14A_REQUEST_TRIGGER) iso14a_set_trigger(0);
+       // check for proprietary anticollision:
+       if ((resp[0] & 0x1F) == 0) {
+               return 3;
+       }

 
 

-       if(param & ISO14A_NO_DISCONNECT)
-               return;
-
-       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
-       LEDsoff();
-}
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Read an ISO 14443a tag. Send out commands and store answers.
-//
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-void ReaderMifare(uint32_t parameter)
-{
-       // Mifare AUTH
-       uint8_t mf_auth[]    = { 0x60,0x00,0xf5,0x7b };
-       uint8_t mf_nr_ar[]   = { 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 };
+       // OK we will select at least at cascade 1, lets see if first byte of UID was 0x88 in
+       // which case we need to make a cascade 2 request and select - this is a long UID
+       // While the UID is not complete, the 3rd bit (from the right) is set in the SAK.
+       for (; sak & 0x04; cascade_level++) {
+               // SELECT_* (L1: 0x93, L2: 0x95, L3: 0x97)
+               sel_uid[0] = sel_all[0] = 0x93 + cascade_level * 2;

 
 

-       uint8_t* receivedAnswer = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + 3560); // was 3560 - tied to other size changes
-       traceLen = 0;
-       tracing = false;
+               if (anticollision) {
+                       // SELECT_ALL
+                       ReaderTransmit(sel_all, sizeof(sel_all), NULL);
+                       if (!ReaderReceive(resp, resp_par)) {
+                               return 0;
+                       }

 
 

-       iso14443a_setup();
+                       if (Demod.collisionPos) {           // we had a collision and need to construct the UID bit by bit
+                               memset(uid_resp, 0, 4);
+                               uint16_t uid_resp_bits = 0;
+                               uint16_t collision_answer_offset = 0;
+                               // anti-collision-loop:
+                               while (Demod.collisionPos) {
+                                       Dbprintf("Multiple tags detected. Collision after Bit %d", Demod.collisionPos);
+                                       for (uint16_t i = collision_answer_offset; i < Demod.collisionPos; i++, uid_resp_bits++) {  // add valid UID bits before collision point
+                                               uint16_t UIDbit = (resp[i/8] >> (i % 8)) & 0x01;
+                                               uid_resp[uid_resp_bits / 8] |= UIDbit << (uid_resp_bits % 8);
+                                       }
+                                       uid_resp[uid_resp_bits/8] |= 1 << (uid_resp_bits % 8);                  // next time select the card(s) with a 1 in the collision position
+                                       uid_resp_bits++;
+                                       // construct anticollosion command:
+                                       sel_uid[1] = ((2 + uid_resp_bits/8) << 4) | (uid_resp_bits & 0x07);     // length of data in bytes and bits
+                                       for (uint16_t i = 0; i <= uid_resp_bits/8; i++) {
+                                               sel_uid[2+i] = uid_resp[i];
+                                       }
+                                       collision_answer_offset = uid_resp_bits%8;
+                                       ReaderTransmitBits(sel_uid, 16 + uid_resp_bits, NULL);
+                                       if (!ReaderReceiveOffset(resp, collision_answer_offset, resp_par)) {
+                                               return 0;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               // finally, add the last bits and BCC of the UID
+                               for (uint16_t i = collision_answer_offset; i < (Demod.len-1)*8; i++, uid_resp_bits++) {
+                                       uint16_t UIDbit = (resp[i/8] >> (i%8)) & 0x01;
+                                       uid_resp[uid_resp_bits/8] |= UIDbit << (uid_resp_bits % 8);
+                               }

 
 

-       LED_A_ON();
-       LED_B_OFF();
-       LED_C_OFF();
+                       } else {        // no collision, use the response to SELECT_ALL as current uid
+                               memcpy(uid_resp, resp, 4);
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       if (cascade_level < num_cascades - 1) {
+                               uid_resp[0] = 0x88;
+                               memcpy(uid_resp+1, uid_ptr+cascade_level*3, 3);
+                       } else {
+                               memcpy(uid_resp, uid_ptr+cascade_level*3, 4);
+                       }
+               }
+               uid_resp_len = 4;

 
 

-       byte_t nt_diff = 0;
-       LED_A_OFF();
-       byte_t par = 0;
-       byte_t par_mask = 0xff;
-       byte_t par_low = 0;
-       int led_on = TRUE;
-       uint8_t uid[8];
-       uint32_t cuid;
+               // calculate crypto UID. Always use last 4 Bytes.
+               if(cuid_ptr) {
+                       *cuid_ptr = bytes_to_num(uid_resp, 4);
+               }

 
 

-       tracing = FALSE;
-       byte_t nt[4] = {0,0,0,0};
-       byte_t nt_attacked[4];
-       byte_t par_list[8] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
-       byte_t ks_list[8] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
-       num_to_bytes(parameter, 4, nt_attacked);
-       int isOK = 0, isNULL = 0;
-       
-       while(TRUE)
-       {
-               LED_C_ON();
-               FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
-               SpinDelay(200);
-               FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);
-               LED_C_OFF();
+               // Construct SELECT UID command
+               sel_uid[1] = 0x70;                                                  // transmitting a full UID (1 Byte cmd, 1 Byte NVB, 4 Byte UID, 1 Byte BCC, 2 Bytes CRC)
+               memcpy(sel_uid+2, uid_resp, 4);                                     // the UID received during anticollision, or the provided UID
+               sel_uid[6] = sel_uid[2] ^ sel_uid[3] ^ sel_uid[4] ^ sel_uid[5];     // calculate and add BCC
+               AppendCrc14443a(sel_uid, 7);                                        // calculate and add CRC
+               ReaderTransmit(sel_uid, sizeof(sel_uid), NULL);

 
 

-               // Test if the action was cancelled
-               if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
-                       break;
+               // Receive the SAK
+               if (!ReaderReceive(resp, resp_par)) {
+                       return 0;

                }
                }

+               sak = resp[0];

 
 

-               if(!iso14443a_select_card(uid, NULL, &cuid)) continue;
+               // Test if more parts of the uid are coming
+               if ((sak & 0x04) /* && uid_resp[0] == 0x88 */) {
+                       // Remove first byte, 0x88 is not an UID byte, it CT, see page 3 of:
+                       // http://www.nxp.com/documents/application_note/AN10927.pdf
+                       uid_resp[0] = uid_resp[1];
+                       uid_resp[1] = uid_resp[2];
+                       uid_resp[2] = uid_resp[3];
+                       uid_resp_len = 3;
+               }

 
 

-               // Transmit MIFARE_CLASSIC_AUTH
-               ReaderTransmit(mf_auth, sizeof(mf_auth));
+               if(uid_ptr && anticollision) {
+                       memcpy(uid_ptr + (cascade_level*3), uid_resp, uid_resp_len);
+               }

 
 

-               // Receive the (16 bit) "random" nonce
-               if (!ReaderReceive(receivedAnswer)) continue;
-               memcpy(nt, receivedAnswer, 4);
+               if(p_hi14a_card) {
+                       memcpy(p_hi14a_card->uid + (cascade_level*3), uid_resp, uid_resp_len);
+                       p_hi14a_card->uidlen += uid_resp_len;
+               }
+       }

 
 

-               // Transmit reader nonce and reader answer
-               ReaderTransmitPar(mf_nr_ar, sizeof(mf_nr_ar),par);
+       if(p_hi14a_card) {
+               p_hi14a_card->sak = sak;
+       }

 
 

-               // Receive 4 bit answer
-               if (ReaderReceive(receivedAnswer))
-               {
-                       isNULL = (nt_attacked[0] = 0) && (nt_attacked[1] = 0) && (nt_attacked[2] = 0) && (nt_attacked[3] = 0);
-                       if ( (isNULL != 0 ) && (memcmp(nt, nt_attacked, 4) != 0) ) continue;
+       // PICC compilant with iso14443a-4 ---> (SAK & 0x20 != 0)
+       if( (sak & 0x20) == 0) return 2;

 
 

-                       if (nt_diff == 0)
-                       {
-                               LED_A_ON();
-                               memcpy(nt_attacked, nt, 4);
-                               par_mask = 0xf8;
-                               par_low = par & 0x07;
-                       }
-
-                       led_on = !led_on;
-                       if(led_on) LED_B_ON(); else LED_B_OFF();
-                       par_list[nt_diff] = par;
-                       ks_list[nt_diff] = receivedAnswer[0] ^ 0x05;
+       if (!no_rats) {
+               // Request for answer to select
+               AppendCrc14443a(rats, 2);
+               ReaderTransmit(rats, sizeof(rats), NULL);

 
 

-                       // Test if the information is complete
-                       if (nt_diff == 0x07) {
-                               isOK = 1;
-                               break;
-                       }
+               if (!(len = ReaderReceive(resp, resp_par))) {
+                       return 0;
+               }

 
 

-                       nt_diff = (nt_diff + 1) & 0x07;
-                       mf_nr_ar[3] = nt_diff << 5;
-                       par = par_low;
-               } else {
-                       if (nt_diff == 0)
-                       {
-                               par++;
-                       } else {
-                               par = (((par >> 3) + 1) << 3) | par_low;
-                       }
+               if(p_hi14a_card) {
+                       memcpy(p_hi14a_card->ats, resp, len);
+                       p_hi14a_card->ats_len = len;

                }
                }

-       }

 
 

-       LogTrace(nt, 4, 0, GetParity(nt, 4), TRUE);
-       LogTrace(par_list, 8, 0, GetParity(par_list, 8), TRUE);
-       LogTrace(ks_list, 8, 0, GetParity(ks_list, 8), TRUE);
+               // reset the PCB block number
+               iso14_pcb_blocknum = 0;

 
 

-       UsbCommand ack = {CMD_ACK, {isOK, 0, 0}};
-       memcpy(ack.d.asBytes + 0,  uid, 4);
-       memcpy(ack.d.asBytes + 4,  nt, 4);
-       memcpy(ack.d.asBytes + 8,  par_list, 8);
-       memcpy(ack.d.asBytes + 16, ks_list, 8);
-               
-       LED_B_ON();
-       UsbSendPacket((uint8_t *)&ack, sizeof(UsbCommand));
-       LED_B_OFF();    
+               // set default timeout and delay next transfer based on ATS
+               iso14a_set_ATS_times(resp);

 
 

-       // Thats it...
-       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
-       LEDsoff();
-       tracing = TRUE;
-       
-//     DbpString("COMMAND mifare FINISHED");
+       }
+       return 1;

 }
 
 }
 

-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Select, Authenticaate, Read an MIFARE tag. 
-// read block
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-void MifareReadBlock(uint8_t arg0, uint8_t arg1, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *datain)
-{
-  // params
-       uint8_t blockNo = arg0;
-       uint8_t keyType = arg1;
-       uint64_t ui64Key = 0;
-       ui64Key = bytes_to_num(datain, 6);
-       
-       // variables
-       byte_t isOK = 0;
-       byte_t dataoutbuf[16];
-       uint8_t uid[8];
-       uint32_t cuid;
-       struct Crypto1State mpcs = {0, 0};
-       struct Crypto1State *pcs;
-       pcs = &mpcs;

 
 

-       // clear trace
-       traceLen = 0;
-//     tracing = false;
+void iso14443a_setup(uint8_t fpga_minor_mode) {
+       FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_HF);
+       // Set up the synchronous serial port
+       FpgaSetupSsc(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A);
+       // connect Demodulated Signal to ADC:
+       SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_HIPKD);

 
 

-       iso14443a_setup();
+       // Signal field is on with the appropriate LED
+       if (fpga_minor_mode == FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD
+               || fpga_minor_mode == FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_LISTEN) {
+               LED_D_ON();
+       } else {
+               LED_D_OFF();
+       }
+       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | fpga_minor_mode);
+
+       // Set ADC to read field strength
+       AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CR = AT91C_ADC_SWRST;
+       AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_MR =
+                               ADC_MODE_PRESCALE(63) |
+                               ADC_MODE_STARTUP_TIME(1) |
+                               ADC_MODE_SAMPLE_HOLD_TIME(15);
+       AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CHER = ADC_CHANNEL(ADC_CHAN_HF_LOW);
+
+       // Start the timer
+       StartCountSspClk();
+
+       DemodReset();
+       UartReset();
+       LastTimeProxToAirStart = 0;
+       FpgaSendQueueDelay = 0;
+       LastProxToAirDuration = 20; // arbitrary small value. Avoid lock in EmGetCmd()
+       NextTransferTime = 2*DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER;
+       iso14a_set_timeout(1060); // 10ms default
+}

 
 

-       LED_A_ON();
-       LED_B_OFF();
-       LED_C_OFF();
+/* Peter Fillmore 2015
+Added card id field to the function
+ info from ISO14443A standard
+b1 = Block Number
+b2 = RFU (always 1)
+b3 = depends on block
+b4 = Card ID following if set to 1
+b5 = depends on block type
+b6 = depends on block type
+b7,b8 = block type.
+Coding of I-BLOCK:
+b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1
+0  0  0  x  x  x  1  x
+b5 = chaining bit
+Coding of R-block:
+b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1
+1  0  1  x  x  0  1  x
+b5 = ACK/NACK
+Coding of S-block:
+b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1
+1  1  x  x  x  0  1  0
+b5,b6 = 00 - DESELECT
+               11 - WTX
+*/
+int iso14_apdu(uint8_t *cmd, uint16_t cmd_len, bool send_chaining, void *data, uint8_t *res) {
+       uint8_t parity[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];
+       uint8_t real_cmd[cmd_len + 4];
+
+       if (cmd_len) {
+               // ISO 14443 APDU frame: PCB [CID] [NAD] APDU CRC PCB=0x02
+               real_cmd[0] = 0x02; // bnr,nad,cid,chn=0; i-block(0x00)
+               if (send_chaining) {
+                       real_cmd[0] |= 0x10;
+               }
+               // put block number into the PCB
+               real_cmd[0] |= iso14_pcb_blocknum;
+               memcpy(real_cmd + 1, cmd, cmd_len);
+       } else {
+               // R-block. ACK
+               real_cmd[0] = 0xA2; // r-block + ACK
+               real_cmd[0] |= iso14_pcb_blocknum;
+       }
+       AppendCrc14443a(real_cmd, cmd_len + 1);
+
+       ReaderTransmit(real_cmd, cmd_len + 3, NULL);
+
+       size_t len = ReaderReceive(data, parity);
+       uint8_t *data_bytes = (uint8_t *) data;
+
+       if (!len) {
+               return 0; //DATA LINK ERROR
+       } else {
+               // S-Block WTX
+               while (len && ((data_bytes[0] & 0xF2) == 0xF2)) {
+                       uint32_t save_iso14a_timeout = iso14a_get_timeout();
+                       // temporarily increase timeout
+                       iso14a_set_timeout(MAX((data_bytes[1] & 0x3f) * save_iso14a_timeout, MAX_ISO14A_TIMEOUT));
+                       // Transmit WTX back
+                       // byte1 - WTXM [1..59]. command FWT=FWT*WTXM
+                       data_bytes[1] = data_bytes[1] & 0x3f; // 2 high bits mandatory set to 0b
+                       // now need to fix CRC.
+                       AppendCrc14443a(data_bytes, len - 2);
+                       // transmit S-Block
+                       ReaderTransmit(data_bytes, len, NULL);
+                       // retrieve the result again (with increased timeout)
+                       len = ReaderReceive(data, parity);
+                       data_bytes = data;
+                       // restore timeout
+                       iso14a_set_timeout(save_iso14a_timeout);
+               }

 
 

-       while (true) {
-               if(!iso14443a_select_card(uid, NULL, &cuid)) {
-                       Dbprintf("Can't select card");
-                       break;
-               };
+               // if we received an I- or R(ACK)-Block with a block number equal to the
+               // current block number, toggle the current block number
+               if (len >= 3 // PCB+CRC = 3 bytes
+                        && ((data_bytes[0] & 0xC0) == 0 // I-Block
+                                || (data_bytes[0] & 0xD0) == 0x80) // R-Block with ACK bit set to 0
+                        && (data_bytes[0] & 0x01) == iso14_pcb_blocknum) // equal block numbers
+               {
+                       iso14_pcb_blocknum ^= 1;
+               }

 
 

-               if(mifare_classic_auth(pcs, cuid, blockNo, keyType, ui64Key, AUTH_FIRST)) {
-                       Dbprintf("Auth error");
-                       break;
-               };
-               
-               if(mifare_classic_readblock(pcs, cuid, blockNo, dataoutbuf)) {
-                       Dbprintf("Read block error");
-                       break;
-               };
+               // if we received I-block with chaining we need to send ACK and receive another block of data
+               if (res)
+                       *res = data_bytes[0];

 
 

-               if(mifare_classic_halt(pcs, cuid)) {
-                       Dbprintf("Halt error");
-                       break;
-               };
-               
-               isOK = 1;
-               break;
-       }
-       
-       //  ----------------------------- crypto1 destroy
-       crypto1_destroy(pcs);
-       
-//    DbpString("READ BLOCK FINISHED");
-
-       // add trace trailer
-       uid[0] = 0xff;
-       uid[1] = 0xff;
-       uid[2] = 0xff;
-       uid[3] = 0xff;
-       LogTrace(uid, 4, 0, 0, TRUE);
-
-       UsbCommand ack = {CMD_ACK, {isOK, 0, 0}};
-       memcpy(ack.d.asBytes, dataoutbuf, 16);
-       
-       LED_B_ON();
-       UsbSendPacket((uint8_t *)&ack, sizeof(UsbCommand));
-       LED_B_OFF();
+               // crc check
+               if (len >= 3 && !CheckCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, data_bytes, len)) {
+                       return -1;
+               }

 
 

+       }

 
 

-  // Thats it...
-       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
-       LEDsoff();
-//  tracing = TRUE;
+       if (len) {
+               // cut frame byte
+               len -= 1;
+               // memmove(data_bytes, data_bytes + 1, len);
+               for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
+                       data_bytes[i] = data_bytes[i + 1];
+       }

 
 

+       return len;

 }
 
 }
 

+

 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-// Select, Authenticaate, Read an MIFARE tag. 
-// read sector (data = 4 x 16 bytes = 64 bytes)
+// Read an ISO 14443a tag. Send out commands and store answers.
+//

 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-void MifareReadSector(uint8_t arg0, uint8_t arg1, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *datain)
+void ReaderIso14443a(UsbCommand *c)

 {
 {

-  // params
-       uint8_t sectorNo = arg0;
-       uint8_t keyType = arg1;
-       uint64_t ui64Key = 0;
-       ui64Key = bytes_to_num(datain, 6);
-       
-       // variables
-       byte_t isOK = 0;
-       byte_t dataoutbuf[16 * 4];
-       uint8_t uid[8];
-       uint32_t cuid;
-       struct Crypto1State mpcs = {0, 0};
-       struct Crypto1State *pcs;
-       pcs = &mpcs;
+       iso14a_command_t param = c->arg[0];
+       uint8_t *cmd = c->d.asBytes;
+       size_t len = c->arg[1] & 0xffff;
+       size_t lenbits = c->arg[1] >> 16;
+       uint32_t timeout = c->arg[2];
+       uint32_t arg0 = 0;
+       byte_t buf[USB_CMD_DATA_SIZE] = {0};
+       uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];
+       bool cantSELECT = false;
+
+       set_tracing(true);
+
+       if(param & ISO14A_CLEAR_TRACE) {
+               clear_trace();
+       }

 
 

-       // clear trace
-       traceLen = 0;
-//     tracing = false;
+       if(param & ISO14A_REQUEST_TRIGGER) {
+               iso14a_set_trigger(true);
+       }

 
 

-       iso14443a_setup();
+       if(param & ISO14A_CONNECT) {
+               LED_A_ON();
+               iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_LISTEN);
+               if(!(param & ISO14A_NO_SELECT)) {
+                       iso14a_card_select_t *card = (iso14a_card_select_t*)buf;
+                       arg0 = iso14443a_select_card(NULL, card, NULL, true, 0, param & ISO14A_NO_RATS);
+
+                       // if we cant select then we cant send data
+                       if (arg0 != 1 && arg0 != 2) {
+                               // 1 - all is OK with ATS, 2 - without ATS
+                               cantSELECT = true;
+                       }
+                       FpgaDisableTracing();
+                       LED_B_ON();
+                       cmd_send(CMD_ACK,arg0,card->uidlen,0,buf,sizeof(iso14a_card_select_t));
+                       LED_B_OFF();
+               }
+       }

 
 

-       LED_A_ON();
-       LED_B_OFF();
-       LED_C_OFF();
+       if(param & ISO14A_SET_TIMEOUT) {
+               iso14a_set_timeout(timeout);
+       }

 
 

-       while (true) {
-               if(!iso14443a_select_card(uid, NULL, &cuid)) {
-                       Dbprintf("Can't select card");
-                       break;
-               };
+       if(param & ISO14A_APDU && !cantSELECT) {
+               uint8_t res;
+               arg0 = iso14_apdu(cmd, len, (param & ISO14A_SEND_CHAINING), buf, &res);
+               FpgaDisableTracing();
+               LED_B_ON();
+               cmd_send(CMD_ACK, arg0, res, 0, buf, sizeof(buf));
+               LED_B_OFF();
+       }

 
 

-               if(mifare_classic_auth(pcs, cuid, sectorNo * 4, keyType, ui64Key, AUTH_FIRST)) {
-                       Dbprintf("Auth error");
-                       break;
-               };
-               
-               if(mifare_classic_readblock(pcs, cuid, sectorNo * 4 + 0, dataoutbuf + 16 * 0)) {
-                       Dbprintf("Read block 0 error");
-                       break;
-               };
-               if(mifare_classic_readblock(pcs, cuid, sectorNo * 4 + 1, dataoutbuf + 16 * 1)) {
-                       Dbprintf("Read block 1 error");
-                       break;
-               };
-               if(mifare_classic_readblock(pcs, cuid, sectorNo * 4 + 2, dataoutbuf + 16 * 2)) {
-                       Dbprintf("Read block 2 error");
-                       break;
-               };
-               if(mifare_classic_readblock(pcs, cuid, sectorNo * 4 + 3, dataoutbuf + 16 * 3)) {
-                       Dbprintf("Read block 3 error");
-                       break;
-               };
-               
-               if(mifare_classic_halt(pcs, cuid)) {
-                       Dbprintf("Halt error");
-                       break;
-               };
+       if(param & ISO14A_RAW && !cantSELECT) {
+               if(param & ISO14A_APPEND_CRC) {
+                       if(param & ISO14A_TOPAZMODE) {
+                               AppendCrc14443b(cmd,len);
+                       } else {
+                               AppendCrc14443a(cmd,len);
+                       }
+                       len += 2;
+                       if (lenbits) lenbits += 16;
+               }
+               if(lenbits>0) {             // want to send a specific number of bits (e.g. short commands)
+                       if(param & ISO14A_TOPAZMODE) {
+                               int bits_to_send = lenbits;
+                               uint16_t i = 0;
+                               ReaderTransmitBitsPar(&cmd[i++], MIN(bits_to_send, 7), NULL, NULL);     // first byte is always short (7bits) and no parity
+                               bits_to_send -= 7;
+                               while (bits_to_send > 0) {
+                                       ReaderTransmitBitsPar(&cmd[i++], MIN(bits_to_send, 8), NULL, NULL); // following bytes are 8 bit and no parity
+                                       bits_to_send -= 8;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               GetParity(cmd, lenbits/8, par);
+                               ReaderTransmitBitsPar(cmd, lenbits, par, NULL);                         // bytes are 8 bit with odd parity
+                       }
+               } else {                    // want to send complete bytes only
+                       if(param & ISO14A_TOPAZMODE) {
+                               uint16_t i = 0;
+                               ReaderTransmitBitsPar(&cmd[i++], 7, NULL, NULL);                        // first byte: 7 bits, no paritiy
+                               while (i < len) {
+                                       ReaderTransmitBitsPar(&cmd[i++], 8, NULL, NULL);                    // following bytes: 8 bits, no paritiy
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               ReaderTransmit(cmd,len, NULL);                                          // 8 bits, odd parity
+                       }
+               }
+               arg0 = ReaderReceive(buf, par);
+               FpgaDisableTracing();

 
 

-               isOK = 1;
-               break;
+               LED_B_ON();
+               cmd_send(CMD_ACK,arg0,0,0,buf,sizeof(buf));
+               LED_B_OFF();

        }
        }

-       
-       //  ----------------------------- crypto1 destroy
-       crypto1_destroy(pcs);
-       
-//    DbpString("READ BLOCK FINISHED");
-
-       // add trace trailer
-       uid[0] = 0xff;
-       uid[1] = 0xff;
-       uid[2] = 0xff;
-       uid[3] = 0xff;
-       LogTrace(uid, 4, 0, 0, TRUE);
-
-       UsbCommand ack = {CMD_ACK, {isOK, 0, 0}};
-       memcpy(ack.d.asBytes, dataoutbuf, 16 * 2);
-       
-       LED_B_ON();
-       UsbSendPacket((uint8_t *)&ack, sizeof(UsbCommand));

 
 

-       SpinDelay(100);
-       
-       memcpy(ack.d.asBytes, dataoutbuf + 16 * 2, 16 * 2);
-       UsbSendPacket((uint8_t *)&ack, sizeof(UsbCommand));
-       LED_B_OFF();    
+       if(param & ISO14A_REQUEST_TRIGGER) {
+               iso14a_set_trigger(false);
+       }
+
+       if(param & ISO14A_NO_DISCONNECT) {
+               return;
+       }

 
 

-       // Thats it...

        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
        LEDsoff();
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
        LEDsoff();

-//  tracing = TRUE;
+}
+
+
+// Determine the distance between two nonces.
+// Assume that the difference is small, but we don't know which is first.
+// Therefore try in alternating directions.
+static int32_t dist_nt(uint32_t nt1, uint32_t nt2) {
+
+       uint16_t i;
+       uint32_t nttmp1, nttmp2;
+
+       if (nt1 == nt2) return 0;
+
+       nttmp1 = nt1;
+       nttmp2 = nt2;
+
+       for (i = 1; i < 32768; i++) {
+               nttmp1 = prng_successor(nttmp1, 1);
+               if (nttmp1 == nt2) return i;
+               nttmp2 = prng_successor(nttmp2, 1);
+               if (nttmp2 == nt1) return -i;
+               }

 
 

+       return(-99999); // either nt1 or nt2 are invalid nonces

 }
 
 }
 

+

 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-// Select, Authenticaate, Read an MIFARE tag. 
-// read block
+// Recover several bits of the cypher stream. This implements (first stages of)
+// the algorithm described in "The Dark Side of Security by Obscurity and
+// Cloning MiFare Classic Rail and Building Passes, Anywhere, Anytime"
+// (article by Nicolas T. Courtois, 2009)

 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-void MifareWriteBlock(uint8_t arg0, uint8_t arg1, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *datain)
+void ReaderMifare(bool first_try)

 {
 {

-       // params
-       uint8_t blockNo = arg0;
-       uint8_t keyType = arg1;
-       uint64_t ui64Key = 0;
-       byte_t blockdata[16];
-
-       ui64Key = bytes_to_num(datain, 6);
-       memcpy(blockdata, datain + 10, 16);
-       
-       // variables
-       byte_t isOK = 0;
-       uint8_t uid[8];
-       uint32_t cuid;
-       struct Crypto1State mpcs = {0, 0};
-       struct Crypto1State *pcs;
-       pcs = &mpcs;
+       // Mifare AUTH
+       uint8_t mf_auth[]    = { 0x60,0x00,0xf5,0x7b };
+       uint8_t mf_nr_ar[]   = { 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 };
+       static uint8_t mf_nr_ar3;

 
 

-       // clear trace
-       traceLen = 0;
-//  tracing = false;
+       uint8_t receivedAnswer[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE];
+       uint8_t receivedAnswerPar[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE];
+
+       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);
+
+       // free eventually allocated BigBuf memory. We want all for tracing.
+       BigBuf_free();
+
+       clear_trace();
+       set_tracing(true);
+
+       uint8_t nt_diff = 0;
+       uint8_t par[1] = {0};   // maximum 8 Bytes to be sent here, 1 byte parity is therefore enough
+       static uint8_t par_low = 0;
+       bool led_on = true;
+       uint8_t uid[10]  ={0};
+       uint32_t cuid;

 
 

-       iso14443a_setup();
+       uint32_t nt = 0;
+       uint32_t previous_nt = 0;
+       static uint32_t nt_attacked = 0;
+       uint8_t par_list[8] = {0x00};
+       uint8_t ks_list[8] = {0x00};
+
+       #define PRNG_SEQUENCE_LENGTH  (1 << 16);
+       uint32_t sync_time = GetCountSspClk() & 0xfffffff8;
+       static int32_t sync_cycles;
+       int catch_up_cycles = 0;
+       int last_catch_up = 0;
+       uint16_t elapsed_prng_sequences;
+       uint16_t consecutive_resyncs = 0;
+       int isOK = 0;
+
+       if (first_try) {
+               mf_nr_ar3 = 0;
+               par[0] = par_low = 0;
+               sync_cycles = PRNG_SEQUENCE_LENGTH;                         // theory: Mifare Classic's random generator repeats every 2^16 cycles (and so do the tag nonces).
+               nt_attacked = 0;
+       }
+       else {
+               // we were unsuccessful on a previous call. Try another READER nonce (first 3 parity bits remain the same)
+               mf_nr_ar3++;
+               mf_nr_ar[3] = mf_nr_ar3;
+               par[0] = par_low;
+       }

 
        LED_A_ON();
        LED_B_OFF();
        LED_C_OFF();
 
 
        LED_A_ON();
        LED_B_OFF();
        LED_C_OFF();
 

-       while (true) {
-               if(!iso14443a_select_card(uid, NULL, &cuid)) {
-                       Dbprintf("Can't select card");
-                       break;
-               };

 
 

-               if(mifare_classic_auth(pcs, cuid, blockNo, keyType, ui64Key, AUTH_FIRST)) {
-                       Dbprintf("Auth error");
-                       break;
-               };
-               
-               if(mifare_classic_writeblock(pcs, cuid, blockNo, blockdata)) {
-                       Dbprintf("Write block error");
-                       break;
-               };
+       #define MAX_UNEXPECTED_RANDOM   4       // maximum number of unexpected (i.e. real) random numbers when trying to sync. Then give up.
+       #define MAX_SYNC_TRIES          32
+       #define SYNC_TIME_BUFFER        16      // if there is only SYNC_TIME_BUFFER left before next planned sync, wait for next PRNG cycle
+       #define NUM_DEBUG_INFOS         8       // per strategy
+       #define MAX_STRATEGY            3
+       uint16_t unexpected_random = 0;
+       uint16_t sync_tries = 0;
+       int16_t debug_info_nr = -1;
+       uint16_t strategy = 0;
+       int32_t debug_info[MAX_STRATEGY][NUM_DEBUG_INFOS];
+       uint32_t select_time;
+       uint32_t halt_time;

 
 

-               if(mifare_classic_halt(pcs, cuid)) {
-                       Dbprintf("Halt error");
-                       break;
-               };
-               
-               isOK = 1;
-               break;
-       }
-       
-       //  ----------------------------- crypto1 destroy
-       crypto1_destroy(pcs);
-       
-//  DbpString("WRITE BLOCK FINISHED");
-
-       // add trace trailer
-       uid[0] = 0xff;
-       uid[1] = 0xff;
-       uid[2] = 0xff;
-       uid[3] = 0xff;
-       LogTrace(uid, 4, 0, 0, TRUE);
-
-       UsbCommand ack = {CMD_ACK, {isOK, 0, 0}};
-       
-       LED_B_ON();
-       UsbSendPacket((uint8_t *)&ack, sizeof(UsbCommand));
-       LED_B_OFF();    
+       for (uint16_t i = 0; true; i++) {

 
 

+               LED_C_ON();
+               WDT_HIT();

 
 

-       // Thats it...
-       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
-       LEDsoff();
-//  tracing = TRUE;
+               // Test if the action was cancelled
+               if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
+                       isOK = -1;
+                       break;
+               }

 
 

-}
+               if (strategy == 2) {
+                       // test with additional hlt command
+                       halt_time = 0;
+                       int len = mifare_sendcmd_short(NULL, false, 0x50, 0x00, receivedAnswer, receivedAnswerPar, &halt_time);
+                       if (len && MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) {
+                               Dbprintf("Unexpected response of %d bytes to hlt command (additional debugging).", len);
+                       }
+               }

 
 

-// Return 1 if the nonce is invalid else return 0
-int valid_nonce(uint32_t Nt, uint32_t NtEnc, uint32_t Ks1, byte_t * parity) {
-       return ((oddparity((Nt >> 24) & 0xFF) == ((parity[0]) ^ oddparity((NtEnc >> 24) & 0xFF) ^ BIT(Ks1,16))) & \
-       (oddparity((Nt >> 16) & 0xFF) == ((parity[1]) ^ oddparity((NtEnc >> 16) & 0xFF) ^ BIT(Ks1,8))) & \
-       (oddparity((Nt >> 8) & 0xFF) == ((parity[2]) ^ oddparity((NtEnc >> 8) & 0xFF) ^ BIT(Ks1,0)))) ? 1 : 0;
-}
+               if (strategy == 3) {
+                       // test with FPGA power off/on
+                       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
+                       SpinDelay(200);
+                       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);
+                       SpinDelay(100);
+               }

 
 

+               if(!iso14443a_select_card(uid, NULL, &cuid, true, 0, true)) {
+                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   Dbprintf("Mifare: Can't select card");
+                       continue;
+               }
+               select_time = GetCountSspClk();

 
 

-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// MIFARE nested authentication. 
-// 
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-void MifareNested(uint8_t arg0, uint8_t arg1, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *datain)
-{
-       // params
-       uint8_t blockNo = arg0;
-       uint8_t keyType = arg1;
-       uint64_t ui64Key = 0;
-
-       ui64Key = bytes_to_num(datain, 6);
-       
-       // variables
-       uint8_t targetBlockNo = blockNo + 1;
-       uint8_t targetKeyType = keyType;
-       int rtr, i, j, m, len;
-       int davg, dmin, dmax;
-       uint8_t uid[8];
-       uint32_t cuid, nt1, nt2, nttmp, nttest, par, ks1;
-       uint8_t par_array[4];
-       nestedVector nvector[3][10];
-       int nvectorcount[3] = {10, 10, 10};
-       int ncount = 0;
-       UsbCommand ack = {CMD_ACK, {0, 0, 0}};
-       struct Crypto1State mpcs = {0, 0};
-       struct Crypto1State *pcs;
-       pcs = &mpcs;
-       uint8_t* receivedAnswer = mifare_get_bigbufptr();
+               elapsed_prng_sequences = 1;
+               if (debug_info_nr == -1) {
+                       sync_time = (sync_time & 0xfffffff8) + sync_cycles + catch_up_cycles;
+                       catch_up_cycles = 0;

 
 

-       // clear trace
-       traceLen = 0;
-  tracing = false;
+                       // if we missed the sync time already or are about to miss it, advance to the next nonce repeat
+                       while(sync_time < GetCountSspClk() + SYNC_TIME_BUFFER) {
+                               elapsed_prng_sequences++;
+                               sync_time = (sync_time & 0xfffffff8) + sync_cycles;
+                       }

 
 

-       iso14443a_setup();
+                       // Transmit MIFARE_CLASSIC_AUTH at synctime. Should result in returning the same tag nonce (== nt_attacked)
+                       ReaderTransmit(mf_auth, sizeof(mf_auth), &sync_time);
+               } else {
+                       // collect some information on tag nonces for debugging:
+                       #define DEBUG_FIXED_SYNC_CYCLES PRNG_SEQUENCE_LENGTH
+                       if (strategy == 0) {
+                               // nonce distances at fixed time after card select:
+                               sync_time = select_time + DEBUG_FIXED_SYNC_CYCLES;
+                       } else if (strategy == 1) {
+                               // nonce distances at fixed time between authentications:
+                               sync_time = sync_time + DEBUG_FIXED_SYNC_CYCLES;
+                       } else if (strategy == 2) {
+                               // nonce distances at fixed time after halt:
+                               sync_time = halt_time + DEBUG_FIXED_SYNC_CYCLES;
+                       } else {
+                               // nonce_distances at fixed time after power on
+                               sync_time = DEBUG_FIXED_SYNC_CYCLES;
+                       }
+                       ReaderTransmit(mf_auth, sizeof(mf_auth), &sync_time);
+               }

 
 

-       LED_A_ON();
-       LED_B_ON();
-       LED_C_OFF();
+               // Receive the (4 Byte) "random" nonce
+               if (!ReaderReceive(receivedAnswer, receivedAnswerPar)) {
+                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   Dbprintf("Mifare: Couldn't receive tag nonce");
+                       continue;
+                 }

 
 

-  FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
-  SpinDelay(200);
-       
-       davg = dmax = 0;
-       dmin = 2000;
-
-       // test nonce distance
-       for (rtr = 0; rtr < 10; rtr++) {
-    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
-    SpinDelay(100);
-    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);
-
-    // Test if the action was cancelled
-    if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
-      break;
-    }
-
-               if(!iso14443a_select_card(uid, NULL, &cuid)) {
-                       Dbprintf("Can't select card");
-                       break;
-               };
-               
-               if(mifare_classic_authex(pcs, cuid, blockNo, keyType, ui64Key, AUTH_FIRST, &nt1)) {
-                       Dbprintf("Auth1 error");
-                       break;
-               };
+               previous_nt = nt;
+               nt = bytes_to_num(receivedAnswer, 4);

 
 

-               if(mifare_classic_authex(pcs, cuid, blockNo, keyType, ui64Key, AUTH_NESTED, &nt2)) {
-                       Dbprintf("Auth2 error");
-                       break;
-               };
-               
-               nttmp = prng_successor(nt1, 500);
-               for (i = 501; i < 2000; i++) {
-                       nttmp = prng_successor(nttmp, 1);
-                       if (nttmp == nt2) break;
-               }
-               
-               if (i != 2000) {
-                       davg += i;
-                       if (dmin > i) dmin = i;
-                       if (dmax < i) dmax = i;
-//                     Dbprintf("r=%d nt1=%08x nt2=%08x distance=%d", rtr, nt1, nt2, i);
-               }
-       }
-       
-       if (rtr == 0)   return;
+               // Transmit reader nonce with fake par
+               ReaderTransmitPar(mf_nr_ar, sizeof(mf_nr_ar), par, NULL);

 
 

-       davg = davg / rtr;
-       Dbprintf("distance: min=%d max=%d avg=%d", dmin, dmax, davg);
+               if (first_try && previous_nt && !nt_attacked) { // we didn't calibrate our clock yet
+                       int nt_distance = dist_nt(previous_nt, nt);
+                       if (nt_distance == 0) {
+                               nt_attacked = nt;
+                       } else {
+                               if (nt_distance == -99999) { // invalid nonce received
+                                       unexpected_random++;
+                                       if (unexpected_random > MAX_UNEXPECTED_RANDOM) {
+                                               isOK = -3;      // Card has an unpredictable PRNG. Give up
+                                               break;
+                                       } else {
+                                               continue;       // continue trying...
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               if (++sync_tries > MAX_SYNC_TRIES) {
+                                       if (strategy > MAX_STRATEGY || MF_DBGLEVEL < 3) {
+                                               isOK = -4;          // Card's PRNG runs at an unexpected frequency or resets unexpectedly
+                                               break;
+                                       } else {                // continue for a while, just to collect some debug info
+                                               debug_info[strategy][debug_info_nr] = nt_distance;
+                                               debug_info_nr++;
+                                               if (debug_info_nr == NUM_DEBUG_INFOS) {
+                                                       strategy++;
+                                                       debug_info_nr = 0;
+                                               }
+                                               continue;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               sync_cycles = (sync_cycles - nt_distance/elapsed_prng_sequences);
+                               if (sync_cycles <= 0) {
+                                       sync_cycles += PRNG_SEQUENCE_LENGTH;
+                               }
+                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) {
+                                       Dbprintf("calibrating in cycle %d. nt_distance=%d, elapsed_prng_sequences=%d, new sync_cycles: %d\n", i, nt_distance, elapsed_prng_sequences, sync_cycles);
+                               }
+                               continue;
+                       }
+               }

 
 

-       LED_B_OFF();
+               if ((nt != nt_attacked) && nt_attacked) {   // we somehow lost sync. Try to catch up again...
+                       catch_up_cycles = -dist_nt(nt_attacked, nt);
+                       if (catch_up_cycles == 99999) {         // invalid nonce received. Don't resync on that one.
+                               catch_up_cycles = 0;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       catch_up_cycles /= elapsed_prng_sequences;
+                       if (catch_up_cycles == last_catch_up) {
+                               consecutive_resyncs++;
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               last_catch_up = catch_up_cycles;
+                               consecutive_resyncs = 0;
+                       }
+                       if (consecutive_resyncs < 3) {
+                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("Lost sync in cycle %d. nt_distance=%d. Consecutive Resyncs = %d. Trying one time catch up...\n", i, -catch_up_cycles, consecutive_resyncs);
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               sync_cycles = sync_cycles + catch_up_cycles;
+                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("Lost sync in cycle %d for the fourth time consecutively (nt_distance = %d). Adjusting sync_cycles to %d.\n", i, -catch_up_cycles, sync_cycles);
+                               last_catch_up = 0;
+                               catch_up_cycles = 0;
+                               consecutive_resyncs = 0;
+                       }
+                       continue;
+               }

 
 

-  tracing = true;
-       
-       LED_C_ON();
+               consecutive_resyncs = 0;

 
 

-       //  get crypted nonces for target sector
-       for (rtr = 0; rtr < 2; rtr++) {
-//             Dbprintf("------------------------------");
+               // Receive answer. This will be a 4 Bit NACK when the 8 parity bits are OK after decoding
+               if (ReaderReceive(receivedAnswer, receivedAnswerPar)) {
+                       catch_up_cycles = 8;    // the PRNG is delayed by 8 cycles due to the NAC (4Bits = 0x05 encrypted) transfer

 
 

-               FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
-    SpinDelay(100);
-    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);
+                       if (nt_diff == 0) {
+                               par_low = par[0] & 0xE0; // there is no need to check all parities for other nt_diff. Parity Bits for mf_nr_ar[0..2] won't change
+                       }

 
 

-    // Test if the action was cancelled
-    if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
-      break;
-    }
+                       led_on = !led_on;
+                       if(led_on) LED_B_ON(); else LED_B_OFF();

 
 

-               if(!iso14443a_select_card(uid, NULL, &cuid)) {
-                       Dbprintf("Can't select card");
-                       break;
-               };
-               
-               if(mifare_classic_authex(pcs, cuid, blockNo, keyType, ui64Key, AUTH_FIRST, &nt1)) {
-                       Dbprintf("Auth1 error");
-                       break;
-               };
+                       par_list[nt_diff] = SwapBits(par[0], 8);
+                       ks_list[nt_diff] = receivedAnswer[0] ^ 0x05;

 
 

-               // nested authentication
-               len = mifare_sendcmd_shortex(pcs, AUTH_NESTED, 0x60 + (targetKeyType & 0x01), targetBlockNo, receivedAnswer, &par);
-               if (len != 4) {
-                       Dbprintf("Auth2 error len=%d", len);
-                       break;
-               };
-       
-               nt2 = bytes_to_num(receivedAnswer, 4);          
-//             Dbprintf("r=%d nt1=%08x nt2enc=%08x nt2par=%08x", rtr, nt1, nt2, par);
-               
-// -----------------------  test               
-/*     uint32_t d_nt, d_ks1, d_ks2, d_ks3, reader_challenge;
-       byte_t ar[4];
-
-       ar[0] = 0x55;
-       ar[1] = 0x41;
-       ar[2] = 0x49;
-       ar[3] = 0x92; 
-
-       crypto1_destroy(pcs);
-       crypto1_create(pcs, ui64Key);
-
-       // decrypt nt with help of new key 
-       d_nt = crypto1_word(pcs, nt2 ^ cuid, 1) ^ nt2;
-       
-       reader_challenge = d_nt;//(uint32_t)bytes_to_num(ar, 4); 
-       d_ks1 = crypto1_word(pcs, reader_challenge, 0);
-       d_ks2 = crypto1_word(pcs, 0, 0);
-       d_ks3 = crypto1_word(pcs, 0,0);
-               
-       Dbprintf("TST: ks1=%08x nt=%08x", d_ks1, d_nt);*/
-// -----------------------  test               
-               
-               // Parity validity check
-               for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-                       par_array[i] = (oddparity(receivedAnswer[i]) != ((par & 0x08) >> 3));
-                       par = par << 1;
-               }
-               
-               ncount = 0;
-               for (m = dmin - 10; m < dmax + 10; m++) {
-                       nttest = prng_successor(nt1, m);
-                       ks1 = nt2 ^ nttest;
-
-//--------------------------------------  test
-/*                     if (nttest == d_nt){
-                               Dbprintf("nttest=d_nt!  m=%d ks1=%08x nttest=%08x", m, ks1, nttest);
-                       }*/
-//--------------------------------------  test
-                       if (valid_nonce(nttest, nt2, ks1, par_array) && (ncount < 11)){
-                               
-                               nvector[2][ncount].nt = nttest;
-                               nvector[2][ncount].ks1 = ks1;
-                               ncount++;
-                               nvectorcount[2] = ncount;
-                               
-//                             Dbprintf("valid m=%d ks1=%08x nttest=%08x", m, ks1, nttest);
+                       // Test if the information is complete
+                       if (nt_diff == 0x07) {
+                               isOK = 1;
+                               break;

                        }
 
                        }
 

-               }
-               
-               // select vector with length less than got
-               if (nvectorcount[2] != 0) {
-                       m = 2;
-                       if (nvectorcount[2] < nvectorcount[1]) m = 1;
-                       if (nvectorcount[2] < nvectorcount[0]) m = 0;
-                       if (m != 2) {
-                               for (i = 0; i < nvectorcount[m]; i++) {
-                                       nvector[m][i] = nvector[2][i];
+                       nt_diff = (nt_diff + 1) & 0x07;
+                       mf_nr_ar[3] = (mf_nr_ar[3] & 0x1F) | (nt_diff << 5);
+                       par[0] = par_low;
+               } else {
+                       if (nt_diff == 0 && first_try)
+                       {
+                               par[0]++;
+                               if (par[0] == 0x00) {       // tried all 256 possible parities without success. Card doesn't send NACK.
+                                       isOK = -2;
+                                       break;

                                }
                                }

-                               nvectorcount[m] = nvectorcount[2];
+                       } else {
+                               par[0] = ((par[0] & 0x1F) + 1) | par_low;

                        }
                }
                        }
                }

-               
-//             Dbprintf("vector count: 1=%d 2=%d 3=%d", nvectorcount[0], nvectorcount[1], nvectorcount[2]);

        }
 
        }
 

-       LED_C_OFF();

 
 

-       
-       //  ----------------------------- crypto1 destroy
-       crypto1_destroy(pcs);
-       
-       // add trace trailer
-       uid[0] = 0xff;
-       uid[1] = 0xff;
-       uid[2] = 0xff;
-       uid[3] = 0xff;
-       LogTrace(uid, 4, 0, 0, TRUE);
-
-       for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-               for (j = 0; j < nvectorcount[i]; j += 5) {
-                       ncount = nvectorcount[i] - j;
-                       if (ncount > 5) ncount = 5; 
-
-                       ack.arg[0] = 0; // isEOF = 0
-                       ack.arg[1] = ncount;
-                       ack.arg[2] = targetBlockNo + (targetKeyType * 0x100);
-                       memset(ack.d.asBytes, 0x00, sizeof(ack.d.asBytes));
-                       
-                       memcpy(ack.d.asBytes, &cuid, 4);
-                       for (m = 0; m < ncount; m++) {
-                               memcpy(ack.d.asBytes + 8 + m * 8 + 0, &nvector[i][m + j].nt, 4);
-                               memcpy(ack.d.asBytes + 8 + m * 8 + 4, &nvector[i][m + j].ks1, 4);
+       mf_nr_ar[3] &= 0x1F;
+
+       if (isOK == -4) {
+               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) {
+                       for (uint16_t i = 0; i <= MAX_STRATEGY; i++) {
+                               for (uint16_t j = 0; j < NUM_DEBUG_INFOS; j++) {
+                                       Dbprintf("collected debug info[%d][%d] = %d", i, j, debug_info[i][j]);
+                               }

                        }
                        }

-       
-                       LED_B_ON();
-                       SpinDelay(100);
-                       UsbSendPacket((uint8_t *)&ack, sizeof(UsbCommand));
-                       LED_B_OFF();    

                }
        }
 
                }
        }
 

-       // finalize list
-       ack.arg[0] = 1; // isEOF = 1
-       ack.arg[1] = 0;
-       ack.arg[2] = 0;
-       memset(ack.d.asBytes, 0x00, sizeof(ack.d.asBytes));
-       
-       LED_B_ON();
-       SpinDelay(300);
-       UsbSendPacket((uint8_t *)&ack, sizeof(UsbCommand));
-       LED_B_OFF();    
+       FpgaDisableTracing();

 
 

-       DbpString("NESTED FINISHED");
+       uint8_t buf[32];
+       memcpy(buf + 0,  uid, 4);
+       num_to_bytes(nt, 4, buf + 4);
+       memcpy(buf + 8,  par_list, 8);
+       memcpy(buf + 16, ks_list, 8);
+       memcpy(buf + 24, mf_nr_ar, 8);
+
+       cmd_send(CMD_ACK, isOK, 0, 0, buf, 32);

 
        // Thats it...
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
        LEDsoff();
 
        // Thats it...
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
        LEDsoff();

-//  tracing = TRUE;

 
 

+       set_tracing(false);

 }
 
 }
 

+

 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-// MIFARE 1K simulate. 
-// 
+// MIFARE sniffer.
+//

 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t arg0, uint8_t arg1, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *datain)
-{
-       int cardSTATE = MFEMUL_NOFIELD;
+void RAMFUNC SniffMifare(uint8_t param) {
+       // param:
+       // bit 0 - trigger from first card answer
+       // bit 1 - trigger from first reader 7-bit request
+
+       // C(red) A(yellow) B(green)
+       LEDsoff();
+       LED_A_ON();
+
+       // init trace buffer
+       clear_trace();
+       set_tracing(true);

 
 

-       while (true) {
+       // The command (reader -> tag) that we're receiving.
+       // The length of a received command will in most cases be no more than 18 bytes.
+       // So 32 should be enough!
+       uint8_t receivedCmd[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE];
+       uint8_t receivedCmdPar[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE];
+       // The response (tag -> reader) that we're receiving.
+       uint8_t receivedResponse[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE];
+       uint8_t receivedResponsePar[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE];
+
+       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_SNIFFER);
+
+       // free eventually allocated BigBuf memory
+       BigBuf_free();
+       // allocate the DMA buffer, used to stream samples from the FPGA
+       uint8_t *dmaBuf = BigBuf_malloc(DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
+       uint8_t *data = dmaBuf;
+       uint8_t previous_data = 0;
+       int maxDataLen = 0;
+       int dataLen = 0;
+       bool ReaderIsActive = false;
+       bool TagIsActive = false;
+
+       // Set up the demodulator for tag -> reader responses.
+       DemodInit(receivedResponse, receivedResponsePar);
+
+       // Set up the demodulator for the reader -> tag commands
+       UartInit(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar);
+
+       // Setup for the DMA.
+       FpgaSetupSscDma((uint8_t *)dmaBuf, DMA_BUFFER_SIZE); // set transfer address and number of bytes. Start transfer.
+
+       // init sniffer
+       MfSniffInit();
+
+       // And now we loop, receiving samples.
+       for (uint32_t sniffCounter = 0; true; ) {

 
                if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
 
                if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {

-      break;
-    }
-       
-               switch (cardSTATE) {
-                       case MFEMUL_NOFIELD:{
-                               break;
-                       }
-                       case MFEMUL_IDLE:{
-                               break;
-                       }
-                       case MFEMUL_SELECT1:{
-                               break;
-                       }
-                       case MFEMUL_SELECT2:{
-                               break;
+                       DbpString("Canceled by button.");
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               WDT_HIT();
+
+               if ((sniffCounter & 0x0000FFFF) == 0) { // from time to time
+                       // check if a transaction is completed (timeout after 2000ms).
+                       // if yes, stop the DMA transfer and send what we have so far to the client
+                       if (MfSniffSend(2000)) {
+                               // Reset everything - we missed some sniffed data anyway while the DMA was stopped
+                               sniffCounter = 0;
+                               data = dmaBuf;
+                               maxDataLen = 0;
+                               ReaderIsActive = false;
+                               TagIsActive = false;
+                               FpgaSetupSscDma((uint8_t *)dmaBuf, DMA_BUFFER_SIZE); // set transfer address and number of bytes. Start transfer.

                        }
                        }

-                       case MFEMUL_AUTH1:{
+               }
+
+               int register readBufDataP = data - dmaBuf;  // number of bytes we have processed so far
+               int register dmaBufDataP = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE - AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR; // number of bytes already transferred
+               if (readBufDataP <= dmaBufDataP){           // we are processing the same block of data which is currently being transferred
+                       dataLen = dmaBufDataP - readBufDataP;   // number of bytes still to be processed
+               } else {
+                       dataLen = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE - readBufDataP + dmaBufDataP; // number of bytes still to be processed
+               }
+               // test for length of buffer
+               if(dataLen > maxDataLen) {                  // we are more behind than ever...
+                       maxDataLen = dataLen;
+                       if(dataLen > (9 * DMA_BUFFER_SIZE / 10)) {
+                               Dbprintf("blew circular buffer! dataLen=0x%x", dataLen);

                                break;
                        }
                                break;
                        }

-                       case MFEMUL_AUTH2:{
-                               break;
+               }
+               if(dataLen < 1) continue;
+
+               // primary buffer was stopped ( <-- we lost data!
+               if (!AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR) {
+                       AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RPR = (uint32_t) dmaBuf;
+                       AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
+                       Dbprintf("RxEmpty ERROR!!! data length:%d", dataLen); // temporary
+               }
+               // secondary buffer sets as primary, secondary buffer was stopped
+               if (!AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNCR) {
+                       AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNPR = (uint32_t) dmaBuf;
+                       AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNCR = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
+               }
+
+               if (sniffCounter & 0x01) {
+
+                       if(!TagIsActive) {      // no need to try decoding tag data if the reader is sending
+                               uint8_t readerdata = (previous_data & 0xF0) | (*data >> 4);
+                               if(MillerDecoding(readerdata, (sniffCounter-1)*4)) {
+
+                                       if (MfSniffLogic(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.parity, Uart.bitCount, true)) break;
+
+                                       /* And ready to receive another command. */
+                                       UartInit(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar);
+
+                                       /* And also reset the demod code */
+                                       DemodReset();
+                               }
+                               ReaderIsActive = (Uart.state != STATE_UNSYNCD);

                        }
                        }

-                       case MFEMUL_HALTED:{
-                               break;
+
+                       if(!ReaderIsActive) {       // no need to try decoding tag data if the reader is sending
+                               uint8_t tagdata = (previous_data << 4) | (*data & 0x0F);
+                               if(ManchesterDecoding(tagdata, 0, (sniffCounter-1)*4)) {
+
+                                       if (MfSniffLogic(receivedResponse, Demod.len, Demod.parity, Demod.bitCount, false)) break;
+
+                                       // And ready to receive another response.
+                                       DemodReset();
+                                       // And reset the Miller decoder including its (now outdated) input buffer
+                                       UartInit(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar);
+                               }
+                               TagIsActive = (Demod.state != DEMOD_UNSYNCD);

                        }
                        }

-               

                }
                }

-       
-       }

 
 

+               previous_data = *data;
+               sniffCounter++;
+               data++;
+               if(data == dmaBuf + DMA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+                       data = dmaBuf;
+               }
+
+       } // main cycle
+
+       FpgaDisableTracing();
+       FpgaDisableSscDma();
+       LEDsoff();
+
+       DbpString("COMMAND FINISHED.");
+
+       MfSniffEnd();
+
+       Dbprintf("maxDataLen=%x, Uart.state=%x, Uart.len=%x", maxDataLen, Uart.state, Uart.len);

 }
 }