]> git.zerfleddert.de Git - proxmark3-svn/blobdiff - client/cmdlfem4x.c
Split data askgproxiidemod to own file
[proxmark3-svn] / client / cmdlfem4x.c
index b915aa5aac5f62f63e7d35a70f6bd23a61cf78cd..1dfab39430704b191e18aeca498097665a06357a 100644 (file)
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
+#include "cmdlfem4x.h"
 #include "proxmark3.h"
 #include "ui.h"
 #include "util.h"
 #include "proxmark3.h"
 #include "ui.h"
 #include "util.h"
+#include "data.h"
 #include "graph.h"
 #include "cmdparser.h"
 #include "cmddata.h"
 #include "cmdlf.h"
 #include "graph.h"
 #include "cmdparser.h"
 #include "cmddata.h"
 #include "cmdlf.h"
-#include "cmdlfem4x.h"
-char *global_em410xId;
+#include "cmdmain.h"
+#include "lfdemod.h"
+
+uint64_t g_em410xId=0;
 
 static int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd);
 
 int CmdEMdemodASK(const char *Cmd)
 {
        char cmdp = param_getchar(Cmd, 0);
 
 static int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd);
 
 int CmdEMdemodASK(const char *Cmd)
 {
        char cmdp = param_getchar(Cmd, 0);
-       int findone = (cmdp == '1') ? 1 : 0;    
-  UsbCommand c={CMD_EM410X_DEMOD};
-  c.arg[0]=findone;
-  SendCommand(&c);
-  return 0;
+       int findone = (cmdp == '1') ? 1 : 0;
+       UsbCommand c={CMD_EM410X_DEMOD};
+       c.arg[0]=findone;
+       SendCommand(&c);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+//by marshmellow
+//print 64 bit EM410x ID in multiple formats
+void printEM410x(uint32_t hi, uint64_t id)
+{
+       if (id || hi){
+               uint64_t iii=1;
+               uint64_t id2lo=0;
+               uint32_t ii=0;
+               uint32_t i=0;
+               for (ii=5; ii>0;ii--){
+                       for (i=0;i<8;i++){
+                               id2lo=(id2lo<<1LL) | ((id & (iii << (i+((ii-1)*8)))) >> (i+((ii-1)*8)));
+                       }
+               }
+               if (hi){
+                       //output 88 bit em id
+                       PrintAndLog("\nEM TAG ID      : %06X%016" PRIX64, hi, id);
+               } else{
+                       //output 40 bit em id
+                       PrintAndLog("\nEM TAG ID      : %010" PRIX64, id);
+                       PrintAndLog("\nPossible de-scramble patterns");
+                       PrintAndLog("Unique TAG ID  : %010" PRIX64,  id2lo);
+                       PrintAndLog("HoneyWell IdentKey {");
+                       PrintAndLog("DEZ 8          : %08" PRIu64,id & 0xFFFFFF);
+                       PrintAndLog("DEZ 10         : %010" PRIu64,id & 0xFFFFFFFF);
+                       PrintAndLog("DEZ 5.5        : %05lld.%05" PRIu64,(id>>16LL) & 0xFFFF,(id & 0xFFFF));
+                       PrintAndLog("DEZ 3.5A       : %03lld.%05" PRIu64,(id>>32ll),(id & 0xFFFF));
+                       PrintAndLog("DEZ 3.5B       : %03lld.%05" PRIu64,(id & 0xFF000000) >> 24,(id & 0xFFFF));
+                       PrintAndLog("DEZ 3.5C       : %03lld.%05" PRIu64,(id & 0xFF0000) >> 16,(id & 0xFFFF));
+                       PrintAndLog("DEZ 14/IK2     : %014" PRIu64,id);
+                       PrintAndLog("DEZ 15/IK3     : %015" PRIu64,id2lo);
+                       PrintAndLog("DEZ 20/ZK      : %02" PRIu64 "%02" PRIu64 "%02" PRIu64 "%02" PRIu64 "%02" PRIu64 "%02" PRIu64 "%02" PRIu64 "%02" PRIu64 "%02" PRIu64 "%02" PRIu64,
+                           (id2lo & 0xf000000000) >> 36,
+                           (id2lo & 0x0f00000000) >> 32,
+                           (id2lo & 0x00f0000000) >> 28,
+                           (id2lo & 0x000f000000) >> 24,
+                           (id2lo & 0x0000f00000) >> 20,
+                           (id2lo & 0x00000f0000) >> 16,
+                           (id2lo & 0x000000f000) >> 12,
+                           (id2lo & 0x0000000f00) >> 8,
+                           (id2lo & 0x00000000f0) >> 4,
+                           (id2lo & 0x000000000f)
+                       );
+                       uint64_t paxton = (((id>>32) << 24) | (id & 0xffffff))  + 0x143e00;
+                       PrintAndLog("}\nOther          : %05" PRIu64 "_%03" PRIu64 "_%08" PRIu64 "",(id&0xFFFF),((id>>16LL) & 0xFF),(id & 0xFFFFFF));  
+                       PrintAndLog("Pattern Paxton : %" PRIu64 " [0x%" PRIX64 "]", paxton, paxton);
+
+                       uint32_t p1id = (id & 0xFFFFFF);
+                       uint8_t arr[32] = {0x00};
+                       int i =0; 
+                       int j = 23;
+                       for (; i < 24; ++i, --j ){
+                               arr[i] = (p1id >> i) & 1;
+                       }
+
+                       uint32_t p1  = 0;
+
+                       p1 |= arr[23] << 21;
+                       p1 |= arr[22] << 23;
+                       p1 |= arr[21] << 20;
+                       p1 |= arr[20] << 22;
+                               
+                       p1 |= arr[19] << 18;
+                       p1 |= arr[18] << 16;
+                       p1 |= arr[17] << 19;
+                       p1 |= arr[16] << 17;
+                               
+                       p1 |= arr[15] << 13;
+                       p1 |= arr[14] << 15;
+                       p1 |= arr[13] << 12;
+                       p1 |= arr[12] << 14;
+
+                       p1 |= arr[11] << 6;
+                       p1 |= arr[10] << 2;
+                       p1 |= arr[9]  << 7;
+                       p1 |= arr[8]  << 1;
+
+                       p1 |= arr[7]  << 0;
+                       p1 |= arr[6]  << 8;
+                       p1 |= arr[5]  << 11;
+                       p1 |= arr[4]  << 3;
+
+                       p1 |= arr[3]  << 10;
+                       p1 |= arr[2]  << 4;
+                       p1 |= arr[1]  << 5;
+                       p1 |= arr[0]  << 9;
+                       PrintAndLog("Pattern 1      : %d [0x%X]", p1, p1);
+
+                       uint16_t sebury1 = id & 0xFFFF;
+                       uint8_t  sebury2 = (id >> 16) & 0x7F;
+                       uint32_t sebury3 = id & 0x7FFFFF;
+                       PrintAndLog("Pattern Sebury : %d %d %d  [0x%X 0x%X 0x%X]", sebury1, sebury2, sebury3, sebury1, sebury2, sebury3);
+               }
+       }
+       return;
 }
 
 /* Read the ID of an EM410x tag.
 }
 
 /* Read the ID of an EM410x tag.
@@ -41,23 +142,74 @@ int CmdEMdemodASK(const char *Cmd)
  *   CCCC                  <-- each bit here is parity for the 10 bits above in corresponding column
  *   0                     <-- stop bit, end of tag
  */
  *   CCCC                  <-- each bit here is parity for the 10 bits above in corresponding column
  *   0                     <-- stop bit, end of tag
  */
-int CmdEM410xRead(const char *Cmd)
+int AskEm410xDecode(bool verbose, uint32_t *hi, uint64_t *lo )
 {
 {
-  uint32_t hi=0;
-  uint64_t lo=0;
-
-  if(!AskEm410xDemod("", &hi, &lo)) return 0;
-  PrintAndLog("EM410x pattern found: ");
-  printEM410x(hi, lo);
-  if (hi){
-    PrintAndLog ("EM410x XL pattern found");
-    return 0;
-  }
-  char id[12] = {0x00};
-  sprintf(id, "%010llx",lo);
-  
-  global_em410xId = id;
-  return 1;
+       size_t idx = 0;
+       size_t BitLen = DemodBufferLen;
+       uint8_t BitStream[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN]={0};
+       memcpy(BitStream, DemodBuffer, BitLen); 
+       if (Em410xDecode(BitStream, &BitLen, &idx, hi, lo)){
+               //set GraphBuffer for clone or sim command
+               setDemodBuf(BitStream, BitLen, idx);
+               if (g_debugMode){
+                       PrintAndLog("DEBUG: idx: %d, Len: %d, Printing Demod Buffer:", idx, BitLen);
+                       printDemodBuff();
+               }
+               if (verbose){
+                       PrintAndLog("EM410x pattern found: ");
+                       printEM410x(*hi, *lo);
+                       g_em410xId = *lo;
+               }
+               return 1;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+//askdemod then call Em410xdecode
+int AskEm410xDemod(const char *Cmd, uint32_t *hi, uint64_t *lo, bool verbose)
+{
+       bool st = true;
+       if (!ASKDemod_ext(Cmd, false, false, 1, &st)) return 0;
+       return AskEm410xDecode(verbose, hi, lo);
+}
+
+//by marshmellow
+//takes 3 arguments - clock, invert and maxErr as integers
+//attempts to demodulate ask while decoding manchester
+//prints binary found and saves in graphbuffer for further commands
+int CmdAskEM410xDemod(const char *Cmd)
+{
+       char cmdp = param_getchar(Cmd, 0);
+       if (strlen(Cmd) > 10 || cmdp == 'h' || cmdp == 'H') {
+               PrintAndLog("Usage:  lf em 410xdemod [clock] <0|1> [maxError]");
+               PrintAndLog("     [set clock as integer] optional, if not set, autodetect.");
+               PrintAndLog("     <invert>, 1 for invert output");
+               PrintAndLog("     [set maximum allowed errors], default = 100.");
+               PrintAndLog("");
+               PrintAndLog("    sample: lf em 410xdemod        = demod an EM410x Tag ID from GraphBuffer");
+               PrintAndLog("          : lf em 410xdemod 32     = demod an EM410x Tag ID from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/32");
+               PrintAndLog("          : lf em 410xdemod 32 1   = demod an EM410x Tag ID from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/32 and inverting data");
+               PrintAndLog("          : lf em 410xdemod 1      = demod an EM410x Tag ID from GraphBuffer while inverting data");
+               PrintAndLog("          : lf em 410xdemod 64 1 0 = demod an EM410x Tag ID from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/64 and inverting data and allowing 0 demod errors");
+               return 0;
+       }
+       uint64_t lo = 0;
+       uint32_t hi = 0;
+       return AskEm410xDemod(Cmd, &hi, &lo, true);
+}
+
+int usage_lf_em410x_sim(void) {
+       PrintAndLog("Simulating EM410x tag");
+       PrintAndLog("");
+       PrintAndLog("Usage:  lf em 410xsim [h] <uid> <clock>");
+       PrintAndLog("Options:");
+       PrintAndLog("       h         - this help");
+       PrintAndLog("       uid       - uid (10 HEX symbols)");
+       PrintAndLog("       clock     - clock (32|64) (optional)");
+       PrintAndLog("samples:");
+       PrintAndLog("      lf em 410xsim 0F0368568B");
+       PrintAndLog("      lf em 410xsim 0F0368568B 32");
+       return 0;
 }
 
 // emulate an EM410X tag
 }
 
 // emulate an EM410X tag
@@ -68,67 +220,63 @@ int CmdEM410xSim(const char *Cmd)
        char cmdp = param_getchar(Cmd, 0);
        uint8_t uid[5] = {0x00};
 
        char cmdp = param_getchar(Cmd, 0);
        uint8_t uid[5] = {0x00};
 
-       if (cmdp == 'h' || cmdp == 'H') {
-               PrintAndLog("Usage:  lf em4x 410xsim <UID>");
-               PrintAndLog("");
-               PrintAndLog("     sample: lf em4x 410xsim 0F0368568B");
-               return 0;
-       }
+       if (cmdp == 'h' || cmdp == 'H') return usage_lf_em410x_sim();
+       /* clock is 64 in EM410x tags */
+       uint8_t clock = 64;
 
        if (param_gethex(Cmd, 0, uid, 10)) {
                PrintAndLog("UID must include 10 HEX symbols");
                return 0;
        }
 
        if (param_gethex(Cmd, 0, uid, 10)) {
                PrintAndLog("UID must include 10 HEX symbols");
                return 0;
        }
-       
-       PrintAndLog("Starting simulating UID %02X%02X%02X%02X%02X", uid[0],uid[1],uid[2],uid[3],uid[4]);
+       param_getdec(Cmd,1, &clock);
+
+       PrintAndLog("Starting simulating UID %02X%02X%02X%02X%02X  clock: %d", uid[0],uid[1],uid[2],uid[3],uid[4],clock);
        PrintAndLog("Press pm3-button to about simulation");
 
        PrintAndLog("Press pm3-button to about simulation");
 
-  /* clock is 64 in EM410x tags */
-  int clock = 64;
-
-  /* clear our graph */
-  ClearGraph(0);
-
-    /* write 9 start bits */
-    for (i = 0; i < 9; i++)
-      AppendGraph(0, clock, 1);
-
-    /* for each hex char */
-    parity[0] = parity[1] = parity[2] = parity[3] = 0;
-    for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
-    {
-      /* read each hex char */
-      sscanf(&Cmd[i], "%1x", &n);
-      for (j = 3; j >= 0; j--, n/= 2)
-        binary[j] = n % 2;
-
-      /* append each bit */
-      AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[0]);
-      AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[1]);
-      AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[2]);
-      AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[3]);
-
-      /* append parity bit */
-      AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[0] ^ binary[1] ^ binary[2] ^ binary[3]);
-
-      /* keep track of column parity */
-      parity[0] ^= binary[0];
-      parity[1] ^= binary[1];
-      parity[2] ^= binary[2];
-      parity[3] ^= binary[3];
-    }
-
-    /* parity columns */
-    AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[0]);
-    AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[1]);
-    AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[2]);
-    AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[3]);
-
-    /* stop bit */
-  AppendGraph(1, clock, 0);
+
+       /* clear our graph */
+       ClearGraph(0);
+
+               /* write 9 start bits */
+               for (i = 0; i < 9; i++)
+                       AppendGraph(0, clock, 1);
+
+               /* for each hex char */
+               parity[0] = parity[1] = parity[2] = parity[3] = 0;
+               for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+               {
+                       /* read each hex char */
+                       sscanf(&Cmd[i], "%1x", &n);
+                       for (j = 3; j >= 0; j--, n/= 2)
+                               binary[j] = n % 2;
+
+                       /* append each bit */
+                       AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[0]);
+                       AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[1]);
+                       AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[2]);
+                       AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[3]);
+
+                       /* append parity bit */
+                       AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[0] ^ binary[1] ^ binary[2] ^ binary[3]);
+
+                       /* keep track of column parity */
+                       parity[0] ^= binary[0];
+                       parity[1] ^= binary[1];
+                       parity[2] ^= binary[2];
+                       parity[3] ^= binary[3];
+               }
+
+               /* parity columns */
+               AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[0]);
+               AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[1]);
+               AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[2]);
+               AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[3]);
+
+               /* stop bit */
+       AppendGraph(1, clock, 0);
  
  
-  CmdLFSim("0"); //240 start_gap.
-  return 0;
+       CmdLFSim("0"); //240 start_gap.
+       return 0;
 }
 
 /* Function is equivalent of lf read + data samples + em410xread
 }
 
 /* Function is equivalent of lf read + data samples + em410xread
@@ -139,7 +287,8 @@ int CmdEM410xSim(const char *Cmd)
  *       rate gets lower, then grow the number of samples
  *  Changed by martin, 4000 x 4 = 16000, 
  *  see http://www.proxmark.org/forum/viewtopic.php?pid=7235#p7235
  *       rate gets lower, then grow the number of samples
  *  Changed by martin, 4000 x 4 = 16000, 
  *  see http://www.proxmark.org/forum/viewtopic.php?pid=7235#p7235
-
+ *
+ *  EDIT -- capture enough to get 2 complete preambles at the slowest data rate known to be used (rf/64) (64*64*2+9 = 8201)    marshmellow
 */
 int CmdEM410xWatch(const char *Cmd)
 {
 */
 int CmdEM410xWatch(const char *Cmd)
 {
@@ -150,171 +299,28 @@ int CmdEM410xWatch(const char *Cmd)
                }
                
                CmdLFRead("s");
                }
                
                CmdLFRead("s");
-               getSamples("8192",true); //capture enough to get 2 full messages                
-       } while (!CmdEM410xRead(""));
+               getSamples("8201",true); 
+       } while (!CmdAskEM410xDemod(""));
 
        return 0;
 }
 
 
        return 0;
 }
 
+//currently only supports manchester modulations
 int CmdEM410xWatchnSpoof(const char *Cmd)
 {
        CmdEM410xWatch(Cmd);
 int CmdEM410xWatchnSpoof(const char *Cmd)
 {
        CmdEM410xWatch(Cmd);
-       PrintAndLog("# Replaying captured ID: %s",global_em410xId);
+       PrintAndLog("# Replaying captured ID: %010"PRIx64, g_em410xId);
        CmdLFaskSim("");
        return 0;
 }
 
        CmdLFaskSim("");
        return 0;
 }
 
-/* Read the transmitted data of an EM4x50 tag
- * Format:
- *
- *  XXXXXXXX [row parity bit (even)] <- 8 bits plus parity
- *  XXXXXXXX [row parity bit (even)] <- 8 bits plus parity
- *  XXXXXXXX [row parity bit (even)] <- 8 bits plus parity
- *  XXXXXXXX [row parity bit (even)] <- 8 bits plus parity
- *  CCCCCCCC                         <- column parity bits
- *  0                                <- stop bit
- *  LW                               <- Listen Window
- *
- * This pattern repeats for every block of data being transmitted.
- * Transmission starts with two Listen Windows (LW - a modulated
- * pattern of 320 cycles each (32/32/128/64/64)).
- *
- * Note that this data may or may not be the UID. It is whatever data
- * is stored in the blocks defined in the control word First and Last
- * Word Read values. UID is stored in block 32.
- */
-int CmdEM4x50Read(const char *Cmd)
-{
-  int i, j, startblock, skip, block, start, end, low, high;
-  bool complete= false;
-  int tmpbuff[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN / 64];
-  char tmp[6];
-
-  high= low= 0;
-  memset(tmpbuff, 0, MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN / 64);
-
-  /* first get high and low values */
-  for (i = 0; i < GraphTraceLen; i++)
-  {
-    if (GraphBuffer[i] > high)
-      high = GraphBuffer[i];
-    else if (GraphBuffer[i] < low)
-      low = GraphBuffer[i];
-  }
-
-  /* populate a buffer with pulse lengths */
-  i= 0;
-  j= 0;
-  while (i < GraphTraceLen)
-  {
-    // measure from low to low
-    while ((GraphBuffer[i] > low) && (i<GraphTraceLen))
-      ++i;
-    start= i;
-    while ((GraphBuffer[i] < high) && (i<GraphTraceLen))
-      ++i;
-    while ((GraphBuffer[i] > low) && (i<GraphTraceLen))
-      ++i;
-    if (j>=(MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN/64)) {
-      break;
-    }
-    tmpbuff[j++]= i - start;
-  }
-
-  /* look for data start - should be 2 pairs of LW (pulses of 192,128) */
-  start= -1;
-  skip= 0;
-  for (i= 0; i < j - 4 ; ++i)
-  {
-    skip += tmpbuff[i];
-    if (tmpbuff[i] >= 190 && tmpbuff[i] <= 194)
-      if (tmpbuff[i+1] >= 126 && tmpbuff[i+1] <= 130)
-        if (tmpbuff[i+2] >= 190 && tmpbuff[i+2] <= 194)
-          if (tmpbuff[i+3] >= 126 && tmpbuff[i+3] <= 130)
-          {
-            start= i + 3;
-            break;
-          }
-  }
-  startblock= i + 3;
-
-  /* skip over the remainder of the LW */
-  skip += tmpbuff[i+1]+tmpbuff[i+2];
-  while (skip < MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN && GraphBuffer[skip] > low)
-    ++skip;
-  skip += 8;
-
-  /* now do it again to find the end */
-  end= start;
-  for (i += 3; i < j - 4 ; ++i)
-  {
-    end += tmpbuff[i];
-    if (tmpbuff[i] >= 190 && tmpbuff[i] <= 194)
-      if (tmpbuff[i+1] >= 126 && tmpbuff[i+1] <= 130)
-        if (tmpbuff[i+2] >= 190 && tmpbuff[i+2] <= 194)
-          if (tmpbuff[i+3] >= 126 && tmpbuff[i+3] <= 130)
-          {
-            complete= true;
-            break;
-          }
-  }
-
-  if (start >= 0)
-    PrintAndLog("Found data at sample: %i",skip);
-  else
-  {
-    PrintAndLog("No data found!");
-    PrintAndLog("Try again with more samples.");
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  if (!complete)
-  {
-    PrintAndLog("*** Warning!");
-    PrintAndLog("Partial data - no end found!");
-    PrintAndLog("Try again with more samples.");
-  }
-
-  /* get rid of leading crap */
-  sprintf(tmp,"%i",skip);
-  CmdLtrim(tmp);
-
-  /* now work through remaining buffer printing out data blocks */
-  block= 0;
-  i= startblock;
-  while (block < 6)
-  {
-    PrintAndLog("Block %i:", block);
-    // mandemod routine needs to be split so we can call it for data
-    // just print for now for debugging
-    CmdManchesterDemod("i 64");
-    skip= 0;
-    /* look for LW before start of next block */
-    for ( ; i < j - 4 ; ++i)
-    {
-      skip += tmpbuff[i];
-      if (tmpbuff[i] >= 190 && tmpbuff[i] <= 194)
-        if (tmpbuff[i+1] >= 126 && tmpbuff[i+1] <= 130)
-          break;
-    }
-    while (GraphBuffer[skip] > low)
-      ++skip;
-    skip += 8;
-    sprintf(tmp,"%i",skip);
-    CmdLtrim(tmp);
-    start += skip;
-    block++;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
 int CmdEM410xWrite(const char *Cmd)
 {
 int CmdEM410xWrite(const char *Cmd)
 {
-  uint64_t id = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF; // invalid id value
-  int card = 0xFF; // invalid card value
+       uint64_t id = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF; // invalid id value
+       int card = 0xFF; // invalid card value
        unsigned int clock = 0; // invalid clock value
 
        unsigned int clock = 0; // invalid clock value
 
-       sscanf(Cmd, "%" PRIx64 " %d %d", &id, &card, &clock);
+       sscanf(Cmd, "%" SCNx64 " %d %d", &id, &card, &clock);
 
        // Check ID
        if (id == 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) {
 
        // Check ID
        if (id == 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) {
@@ -337,21 +343,13 @@ int CmdEM410xWrite(const char *Cmd)
        }
 
        // Check Clock
        }
 
        // Check Clock
-       if (card == 1)
-       {
-               // Default: 64
-               if (clock == 0)
-                       clock = 64;
-
-               // Allowed clock rates: 16, 32 and 64
-               if ((clock != 16) && (clock != 32) && (clock != 64)) {
-                       PrintAndLog("Error! Clock rate %d not valid. Supported clock rates are 16, 32 and 64.\n", clock);
-                       return 0;
-               }
-       }
-       else if (clock != 0)
-       {
-               PrintAndLog("Error! Clock rate is only supported on T55x7 tags.\n");
+       // Default: 64
+       if (clock == 0)
+               clock = 64;
+
+       // Allowed clock rates: 16, 32, 40 and 64
+       if ((clock != 16) && (clock != 32) && (clock != 64) && (clock != 40)) {
+               PrintAndLog("Error! Clock rate %d not valid. Supported clock rates are 16, 32, 40 and 64.\n", clock);
                return 0;
        }
 
                return 0;
        }
 
@@ -361,142 +359,801 @@ int CmdEM410xWrite(const char *Cmd)
                //   provide for backwards-compatibility for older firmware, and to avoid
                //   having to add another argument to CMD_EM410X_WRITE_TAG, we just store
                //   the clock rate in bits 8-15 of the card value
                //   provide for backwards-compatibility for older firmware, and to avoid
                //   having to add another argument to CMD_EM410X_WRITE_TAG, we just store
                //   the clock rate in bits 8-15 of the card value
-               card = (card & 0xFF) | (((uint64_t)clock << 8) & 0xFF00);
-       }
-       else if (card == 0)
+               card = (card & 0xFF) | ((clock << 8) & 0xFF00);
+       }       else if (card == 0) {
                PrintAndLog("Writing %s tag with UID 0x%010" PRIx64, "T5555", id, clock);
                PrintAndLog("Writing %s tag with UID 0x%010" PRIx64, "T5555", id, clock);
-       else {
+               card = (card & 0xFF) | ((clock << 8) & 0xFF00);
+       } else {
                PrintAndLog("Error! Bad card type selected.\n");
                return 0;
        }
 
                PrintAndLog("Error! Bad card type selected.\n");
                return 0;
        }
 
-  UsbCommand c = {CMD_EM410X_WRITE_TAG, {card, (uint32_t)(id >> 32), (uint32_t)id}};
-  SendCommand(&c);
+       UsbCommand c = {CMD_EM410X_WRITE_TAG, {card, (uint32_t)(id >> 32), (uint32_t)id}};
+       SendCommand(&c);
 
 
-  return 0;
+       return 0;
 }
 
 }
 
-int CmdReadWord(const char *Cmd)
+//**************** Start of EM4x50 Code ************************
+bool EM_EndParityTest(uint8_t *BitStream, size_t size, uint8_t rows, uint8_t cols, uint8_t pType)
 {
 {
-       int Word = -1; //default to invalid word
-  UsbCommand c;
-  
-  sscanf(Cmd, "%d", &Word);
-  
-       if ( (Word > 15) | (Word < 0) ) {
-    PrintAndLog("Word must be between 0 and 15");
-    return 1;
-  }
-  
-  PrintAndLog("Reading word %d", Word);
-  
-  c.cmd = CMD_EM4X_READ_WORD;
-  c.d.asBytes[0] = 0x0; //Normal mode
-  c.arg[0] = 0;
-  c.arg[1] = Word;
-  c.arg[2] = 0;
-  SendCommand(&c);
-  return 0;
-}
-
-int CmdReadWordPWD(const char *Cmd)
+       if (rows*cols>size) return false;
+       uint8_t colP=0;
+       //assume last col is a parity and do not test
+       for (uint8_t colNum = 0; colNum < cols-1; colNum++) {
+               for (uint8_t rowNum = 0; rowNum < rows; rowNum++) {
+                       colP ^= BitStream[(rowNum*cols)+colNum];
+               }
+               if (colP != pType) return false;
+       }
+       return true;
+}
+
+bool EM_ByteParityTest(uint8_t *BitStream, size_t size, uint8_t rows, uint8_t cols, uint8_t pType)
 {
 {
-       int Word = -1; //default to invalid word
-  int Password = 0xFFFFFFFF; //default to blank password
-  UsbCommand c;
-  
-  sscanf(Cmd, "%d %x", &Word, &Password);
-  
-       if ( (Word > 15) | (Word < 0) ) {
-    PrintAndLog("Word must be between 0 and 15");
-    return 1;
-  }
-  
-  PrintAndLog("Reading word %d with password %08X", Word, Password);
-  
-  c.cmd = CMD_EM4X_READ_WORD;
-  c.d.asBytes[0] = 0x1; //Password mode
-  c.arg[0] = 0;
-  c.arg[1] = Word;
-  c.arg[2] = Password;
-  SendCommand(&c);
-  return 0;
-}
-
-int CmdWriteWord(const char *Cmd)
+       if (rows*cols>size) return false;
+       uint8_t rowP=0;
+       //assume last row is a parity row and do not test
+       for (uint8_t rowNum = 0; rowNum < rows-1; rowNum++) {
+               for (uint8_t colNum = 0; colNum < cols; colNum++) {
+                       rowP ^= BitStream[(rowNum*cols)+colNum];
+               }
+               if (rowP != pType) return false;
+       }
+       return true;
+}
+
+uint32_t OutputEM4x50_Block(uint8_t *BitStream, size_t size, bool verbose, bool pTest)
 {
 {
-  int Word = 16; //default to invalid block
-  int Data = 0xFFFFFFFF; //default to blank data
-  UsbCommand c;
-  
-  sscanf(Cmd, "%x %d", &Data, &Word);
-  
-  if (Word > 15) {
-    PrintAndLog("Word must be between 0 and 15");
-    return 1;
-  }
-  
-  PrintAndLog("Writing word %d with data %08X", Word, Data);
-  
-  c.cmd = CMD_EM4X_WRITE_WORD;
-  c.d.asBytes[0] = 0x0; //Normal mode
-  c.arg[0] = Data;
-  c.arg[1] = Word;
-  c.arg[2] = 0;
-  SendCommand(&c);
-  return 0;
-}
-
-int CmdWriteWordPWD(const char *Cmd)
+       if (size<45) return 0;
+       uint32_t code = bytebits_to_byte(BitStream,8);
+       code = code<<8 | bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+9,8);
+       code = code<<8 | bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+18,8);
+       code = code<<8 | bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+27,8);
+       if (verbose || g_debugMode){
+               for (uint8_t i = 0; i<5; i++){
+                       if (i == 4) PrintAndLog(""); //parity byte spacer
+                       PrintAndLog("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d -> 0x%02x",
+                           BitStream[i*9],
+                           BitStream[i*9+1],
+                           BitStream[i*9+2],
+                           BitStream[i*9+3],
+                           BitStream[i*9+4],
+                           BitStream[i*9+5],
+                           BitStream[i*9+6],
+                           BitStream[i*9+7],
+                           BitStream[i*9+8],
+                           bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+i*9,8)
+                       );
+               }
+               if (pTest)
+                       PrintAndLog("Parity Passed");
+               else
+                       PrintAndLog("Parity Failed");
+       }
+       return code;
+}
+/* Read the transmitted data of an EM4x50 tag from the graphbuffer
+ * Format:
+ *
+ *  XXXXXXXX [row parity bit (even)] <- 8 bits plus parity
+ *  XXXXXXXX [row parity bit (even)] <- 8 bits plus parity
+ *  XXXXXXXX [row parity bit (even)] <- 8 bits plus parity
+ *  XXXXXXXX [row parity bit (even)] <- 8 bits plus parity
+ *  CCCCCCCC                         <- column parity bits
+ *  0                                <- stop bit
+ *  LW                               <- Listen Window
+ *
+ * This pattern repeats for every block of data being transmitted.
+ * Transmission starts with two Listen Windows (LW - a modulated
+ * pattern of 320 cycles each (32/32/128/64/64)).
+ *
+ * Note that this data may or may not be the UID. It is whatever data
+ * is stored in the blocks defined in the control word First and Last
+ * Word Read values. UID is stored in block 32.
+ */
+ //completed by Marshmellow
+int EM4x50Read(const char *Cmd, bool verbose)
 {
 {
-  int Word = 16; //default to invalid word
-  int Data = 0xFFFFFFFF; //default to blank data
-  int Password = 0xFFFFFFFF; //default to blank password
-  UsbCommand c;
-  
-  sscanf(Cmd, "%x %d %x", &Data, &Word, &Password);
-  
-  if (Word > 15) {
-    PrintAndLog("Word must be between 0 and 15");
-    return 1;
-  }
-  
-  PrintAndLog("Writing word %d with data %08X and password %08X", Word, Data, Password);
-  
-  c.cmd = CMD_EM4X_WRITE_WORD;
-  c.d.asBytes[0] = 0x1; //Password mode
-  c.arg[0] = Data;
-  c.arg[1] = Word;
-  c.arg[2] = Password;
-  SendCommand(&c);
-  return 0;
+       uint8_t fndClk[] = {8,16,32,40,50,64,128};
+       int clk = 0; 
+       int invert = 0;
+       int tol = 0;
+       int i, j, startblock, skip, block, start, end, low, high, minClk;
+       bool complete = false;
+       int tmpbuff[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN / 64];
+       uint32_t Code[6];
+       char tmp[6];
+       char tmp2[20];
+       int phaseoff;
+       high = low = 0;
+       memset(tmpbuff, 0, MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN / 64);
+
+       // get user entry if any
+       sscanf(Cmd, "%i %i", &clk, &invert);
+       
+       // save GraphBuffer - to restore it later       
+       save_restoreGB(1);
+
+       // first get high and low values
+       for (i = 0; i < GraphTraceLen; i++) {
+               if (GraphBuffer[i] > high)
+                       high = GraphBuffer[i];
+               else if (GraphBuffer[i] < low)
+                       low = GraphBuffer[i];
+       }
+
+       i = 0;
+       j = 0;
+       minClk = 255;
+       // get to first full low to prime loop and skip incomplete first pulse
+       while ((GraphBuffer[i] < high) && (i < GraphTraceLen))
+               ++i;
+       while ((GraphBuffer[i] > low) && (i < GraphTraceLen))
+               ++i;
+       skip = i;
+
+       // populate tmpbuff buffer with pulse lengths
+       while (i < GraphTraceLen) {
+               // measure from low to low
+               while ((GraphBuffer[i] > low) && (i < GraphTraceLen))
+                       ++i;
+               start= i;
+               while ((GraphBuffer[i] < high) && (i < GraphTraceLen))
+                       ++i;
+               while ((GraphBuffer[i] > low) && (i < GraphTraceLen))
+                       ++i;
+               if (j>=(MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN/64)) {
+                       break;
+               }
+               tmpbuff[j++]= i - start;
+               if (i-start < minClk && i < GraphTraceLen) {
+                       minClk = i - start;
+               }
+       }
+       // set clock
+       if (!clk) {
+               for (uint8_t clkCnt = 0; clkCnt<7; clkCnt++) {
+                       tol = fndClk[clkCnt]/8;
+                       if (minClk >= fndClk[clkCnt]-tol && minClk <= fndClk[clkCnt]+1) { 
+                               clk=fndClk[clkCnt];
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+               if (!clk) return 0;
+       } else tol = clk/8;
+
+       // look for data start - should be 2 pairs of LW (pulses of clk*3,clk*2)
+       start = -1;
+       for (i= 0; i < j - 4 ; ++i) {
+               skip += tmpbuff[i];
+               if (tmpbuff[i] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i] <= clk*3+tol)  //3 clocks
+                       if (tmpbuff[i+1] >= clk*2-tol && tmpbuff[i+1] <= clk*2+tol)  //2 clocks
+                               if (tmpbuff[i+2] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i+2] <= clk*3+tol) //3 clocks
+                                       if (tmpbuff[i+3] >= clk-tol)  //1.5 to 2 clocks - depends on bit following
+                                       {
+                                               start= i + 4;
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+       }
+       startblock = i + 4;
+
+       // skip over the remainder of LW
+       skip += tmpbuff[i+1] + tmpbuff[i+2] + clk;
+       if (tmpbuff[i+3]>clk) 
+               phaseoff = tmpbuff[i+3]-clk;
+       else
+               phaseoff = 0;
+       // now do it again to find the end
+       end = skip;
+       for (i += 3; i < j - 4 ; ++i) {
+               end += tmpbuff[i];
+               if (tmpbuff[i] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i] <= clk*3+tol)  //3 clocks
+                       if (tmpbuff[i+1] >= clk*2-tol && tmpbuff[i+1] <= clk*2+tol)  //2 clocks
+                               if (tmpbuff[i+2] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i+2] <= clk*3+tol) //3 clocks
+                                       if (tmpbuff[i+3] >= clk-tol)  //1.5 to 2 clocks - depends on bit following
+                                       {
+                                               complete= true;
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+       }
+       end = i;
+       // report back
+       if (verbose || g_debugMode) {
+               if (start >= 0) {
+                       PrintAndLog("\nNote: one block = 50 bits (32 data, 12 parity, 6 marker)");
+               }       else {
+                       PrintAndLog("No data found!, clock tried:%d",clk);
+                       PrintAndLog("Try again with more samples.");
+                       PrintAndLog("  or after a 'data askedge' command to clean up the read");
+                       return 0;
+               }
+       } else if (start < 0) return 0;
+       start = skip;
+       snprintf(tmp2, sizeof(tmp2),"%d %d 1000 %d", clk, invert, clk*47);
+       // get rid of leading crap 
+       snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%i", skip);
+       CmdLtrim(tmp);
+       bool pTest;
+       bool AllPTest = true;
+       // now work through remaining buffer printing out data blocks
+       block = 0;
+       i = startblock;
+       while (block < 6) {
+               if (verbose || g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("\nBlock %i:", block);
+               skip = phaseoff;
+               
+               // look for LW before start of next block
+               for ( ; i < j - 4 ; ++i) {
+                       skip += tmpbuff[i];
+                       if (tmpbuff[i] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i] <= clk*3+tol)
+                               if (tmpbuff[i+1] >= clk-tol)
+                                       break;
+               }
+               if (i >= j-4) break; //next LW not found
+               skip += clk;
+               if (tmpbuff[i+1]>clk)
+                       phaseoff = tmpbuff[i+1]-clk;
+               else
+                       phaseoff = 0;
+               i += 2;
+               if (ASKDemod(tmp2, false, false, 1) < 1) {
+                       save_restoreGB(0);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+               //set DemodBufferLen to just one block
+               DemodBufferLen = skip/clk;
+               //test parities
+               pTest = EM_ByteParityTest(DemodBuffer,DemodBufferLen,5,9,0);    
+               pTest &= EM_EndParityTest(DemodBuffer,DemodBufferLen,5,9,0);
+               AllPTest &= pTest;
+               //get output
+               Code[block] = OutputEM4x50_Block(DemodBuffer,DemodBufferLen,verbose, pTest);
+               if (g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("\nskipping %d samples, bits:%d", skip, skip/clk);
+               //skip to start of next block
+               snprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),"%i",skip);
+               CmdLtrim(tmp);
+               block++;
+               if (i >= end) break; //in case chip doesn't output 6 blocks
+       }
+       //print full code:
+       if (verbose || g_debugMode || AllPTest){
+               if (!complete) {
+                       PrintAndLog("*** Warning!");
+                       PrintAndLog("Partial data - no end found!");
+                       PrintAndLog("Try again with more samples.");
+               }
+               PrintAndLog("Found data at sample: %i - using clock: %i", start, clk);    
+               end = block;
+               for (block=0; block < end; block++){
+                       PrintAndLog("Block %d: %08x",block,Code[block]);
+               }
+               if (AllPTest) {
+                       PrintAndLog("Parities Passed");
+               } else {
+                       PrintAndLog("Parities Failed");
+                       PrintAndLog("Try cleaning the read samples with 'data askedge'");
+               }
+       }
+
+       //restore GraphBuffer
+       save_restoreGB(0);
+       return (int)AllPTest;
+}
+
+int CmdEM4x50Read(const char *Cmd)
+{
+       return EM4x50Read(Cmd, true);
+}
+
+//**************** Start of EM4x05/EM4x69 Code ************************
+int usage_lf_em_read(void) {
+       PrintAndLog("Read EM4x05/EM4x69.  Tag must be on antenna. ");
+       PrintAndLog("");
+       PrintAndLog("Usage:  lf em 4x05readword [h] <address> <pwd>");
+       PrintAndLog("Options:");
+       PrintAndLog("       h         - this help");
+       PrintAndLog("       address   - memory address to read. (0-15)");
+       PrintAndLog("       pwd       - password (hex) (optional)");
+       PrintAndLog("samples:");
+       PrintAndLog("      lf em 4x05readword 1");
+       PrintAndLog("      lf em 4x05readword 1 11223344");
+       return 0;
+}
+
+// for command responses from em4x05 or em4x69
+// download samples from device and copy them to the Graphbuffer
+bool downloadSamplesEM() {
+       // 8 bit preamble + 32 bit word response (max clock (128) * 40bits = 5120 samples)
+       uint8_t got[6000]; 
+       GetFromBigBuf(got, sizeof(got), 0);
+       if ( !WaitForResponseTimeout(CMD_ACK, NULL, 4000) ) {
+               PrintAndLog("command execution time out");
+               return false;
+       }
+       setGraphBuf(got, sizeof(got));
+       return true;
+}
+
+bool EM4x05testDemodReadData(uint32_t *word, bool readCmd) {
+       // em4x05/em4x69 command response preamble is 00001010
+       // skip first two 0 bits as they might have been missed in the demod
+       uint8_t preamble[] = {0,0,1,0,1,0};
+       size_t startIdx = 0;
+
+       // set size to 20 to only test first 14 positions for the preamble or less if not a read command
+       size_t size = (readCmd) ? 20 : 11;
+       // sanity check
+       size = (size > DemodBufferLen) ? DemodBufferLen : size;
+       // test preamble
+       if ( !preambleSearchEx(DemodBuffer, preamble, sizeof(preamble), &size, &startIdx, true) ) {
+               if (g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - EM4305 preamble not found :: %d", startIdx);
+               return false;
+       }
+       // if this is a readword command, get the read bytes and test the parities
+       if (readCmd) {
+               if (!EM_EndParityTest(DemodBuffer + startIdx + sizeof(preamble), 45, 5, 9, 0)) {
+                       if (g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - End Parity check failed");
+                       return false;
+               }
+               // test for even parity bits and remove them. (leave out the end row of parities so 36 bits)
+               if ( removeParity(DemodBuffer, startIdx + sizeof(preamble),9,0,36) == 0 ) {             
+                       if (g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - Parity not detected");
+                       return false;
+               }
+
+               setDemodBuf(DemodBuffer, 32, 0);
+               *word = bytebits_to_byteLSBF(DemodBuffer, 32);
+       }
+       return true;
+}
+
+// FSK, PSK, ASK/MANCHESTER, ASK/BIPHASE, ASK/DIPHASE 
+// should cover 90% of known used configs
+// the rest will need to be manually demoded for now...
+int demodEM4x05resp(uint32_t *word, bool readCmd) {
+       int ans = 0;
+
+       // test for FSK wave (easiest to 99% ID)
+       if (GetFskClock("", false, false)) {
+               //valid fsk clocks found
+               ans = FSKrawDemod("0 0", false);
+               if (!ans) {
+                       if (g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - EM4305: FSK Demod failed, ans: %d", ans);
+               } else {
+                       if (EM4x05testDemodReadData(word, readCmd)) {
+                               return 1;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       // PSK clocks should be easy to detect ( but difficult to demod a non-repeating pattern... )
+       ans = GetPskClock("", false, false);
+       if (ans>0) {
+               //try psk1
+               ans = PSKDemod("0 0 6", false);
+               if (!ans) {
+                       if (g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - EM4305: PSK1 Demod failed, ans: %d", ans);
+               } else {
+                       if (EM4x05testDemodReadData(word, readCmd)) {
+                               return 1;
+                       } else {
+                               //try psk2
+                               psk1TOpsk2(DemodBuffer, DemodBufferLen);
+                               if (EM4x05testDemodReadData(word, readCmd)) {
+                                       return 1;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       //try psk1 inverted
+                       ans = PSKDemod("0 1 6", false);
+                       if (!ans) {
+                               if (g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - EM4305: PSK1 Demod failed, ans: %d", ans);
+                       } else {
+                               if (EM4x05testDemodReadData(word, readCmd)) {
+                                       return 1;
+                               } else {
+                                       //try psk2
+                                       psk1TOpsk2(DemodBuffer, DemodBufferLen);
+                                       if (EM4x05testDemodReadData(word, readCmd)) {
+                                               return 1;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       // manchester is more common than biphase... try first
+       bool stcheck = false;
+       // try manchester - NOTE: ST only applies to T55x7 tags.
+       ans = ASKDemod_ext("0,0,1", false, false, 1, &stcheck);
+       if (!ans) {
+               if (g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - EM4305: ASK/Manchester Demod failed, ans: %d", ans);
+       } else {
+               if (EM4x05testDemodReadData(word, readCmd)) {
+                       return 1;
+               }
+       }
+
+       //try biphase
+       ans = ASKbiphaseDemod("0 0 1", false);
+       if (!ans) { 
+               if (g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - EM4305: ASK/biphase Demod failed, ans: %d", ans);
+       } else {
+               if (EM4x05testDemodReadData(word, readCmd)) {
+                       return 1;
+               }
+       }
+
+       //try diphase (differential biphase or inverted)
+       ans = ASKbiphaseDemod("0 1 1", false);
+       if (!ans) { 
+               if (g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - EM4305: ASK/biphase Demod failed, ans: %d", ans);
+       } else {
+               if (EM4x05testDemodReadData(word, readCmd)) {
+                       return 1;
+               }
+       }
+
+       return -1;
 }
 
 }
 
+int EM4x05ReadWord_ext(uint8_t addr, uint32_t pwd, bool usePwd, uint32_t *wordData) {
+       UsbCommand c = {CMD_EM4X_READ_WORD, {addr, pwd, usePwd}};
+       clearCommandBuffer();
+       SendCommand(&c);
+       UsbCommand resp;        
+       if (!WaitForResponseTimeout(CMD_ACK, &resp, 2500)){
+               PrintAndLog("Command timed out");
+               return -1;
+       }
+       if ( !downloadSamplesEM() ) {
+               return -1;
+       }
+       int testLen = (GraphTraceLen < 1000) ? GraphTraceLen : 1000;
+       if (graphJustNoise(GraphBuffer, testLen)) {
+               PrintAndLog("no tag not found");
+               return -1;
+       }
+       //attempt demod:
+       return demodEM4x05resp(wordData, true);
+}
+
+int EM4x05ReadWord(uint8_t addr, uint32_t pwd, bool usePwd) {
+       uint32_t wordData = 0;
+       int success = EM4x05ReadWord_ext(addr, pwd, usePwd, &wordData);
+       if (success == 1)
+               PrintAndLog("%s Address %02d | %08X", (addr>13) ? "Lock":" Got",addr,wordData);
+       else
+               PrintAndLog("Read Address %02d | failed",addr);
+
+       return success;
+}
+
+int CmdEM4x05ReadWord(const char *Cmd) {
+       uint8_t addr;
+       uint32_t pwd;
+       bool usePwd = false;
+       uint8_t ctmp = param_getchar(Cmd, 0);
+       if ( strlen(Cmd) == 0 || ctmp == 'H' || ctmp == 'h' ) return usage_lf_em_read();
+
+       addr = param_get8ex(Cmd, 0, 50, 10);
+       // for now use default input of 1 as invalid (unlikely 1 will be a valid password...)
+       pwd =  param_get32ex(Cmd, 1, 1, 16);
+       
+       if ( (addr > 15) ) {
+               PrintAndLog("Address must be between 0 and 15");
+               return 1;
+       }
+       if ( pwd == 1 ) {
+               PrintAndLog("Reading address %02u", addr);
+       }       else {
+               usePwd = true;
+               PrintAndLog("Reading address %02u | password %08X", addr, pwd);
+       }
+
+       return EM4x05ReadWord(addr, pwd, usePwd);
+}
+
+int usage_lf_em_dump(void) {
+       PrintAndLog("Dump EM4x05/EM4x69.  Tag must be on antenna. ");
+       PrintAndLog("");
+       PrintAndLog("Usage:  lf em 4x05dump [h] <pwd>");
+       PrintAndLog("Options:");
+       PrintAndLog("       h         - this help");
+       PrintAndLog("       pwd       - password (hex) (optional)");
+       PrintAndLog("samples:");
+       PrintAndLog("      lf em 4x05dump");
+       PrintAndLog("      lf em 4x05dump 11223344");
+       return 0;
+}
+
+int CmdEM4x05dump(const char *Cmd) {
+       uint8_t addr = 0;
+       uint32_t pwd;
+       bool usePwd = false;
+       uint8_t ctmp = param_getchar(Cmd, 0);
+       if ( ctmp == 'H' || ctmp == 'h' ) return usage_lf_em_dump();
+
+       // for now use default input of 1 as invalid (unlikely 1 will be a valid password...)
+       pwd = param_get32ex(Cmd, 0, 1, 16);
+       
+       if ( pwd != 1 ) {
+               usePwd = true;
+       }
+       int success = 1;
+       for (; addr < 16; addr++) {
+               if (addr == 2) {
+                       if (usePwd) {
+                               PrintAndLog(" PWD Address %02u | %08X",addr,pwd);
+                       } else {
+                               PrintAndLog(" PWD Address 02 | cannot read");
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       success &= EM4x05ReadWord(addr, pwd, usePwd);
+               }
+       }
+
+       return success;
+}
+
+
+int usage_lf_em_write(void) {
+       PrintAndLog("Write EM4x05/EM4x69.  Tag must be on antenna. ");
+       PrintAndLog("");
+       PrintAndLog("Usage:  lf em 4x05writeword [h] [s] <address> <data> <pwd>");
+       PrintAndLog("Options:");
+       PrintAndLog("       h         - this help");
+       PrintAndLog("       s         - swap data bit order before write");
+       PrintAndLog("       address   - memory address to write to. (0-15)");
+       PrintAndLog("       data      - data to write (hex)");  
+       PrintAndLog("       pwd       - password (hex) (optional)");
+       PrintAndLog("samples:");
+       PrintAndLog("      lf em 4x05writeword 1");
+       PrintAndLog("      lf em 4x05writeword 1 deadc0de 11223344");
+       return 0;
+}
+
+int CmdEM4x05WriteWord(const char *Cmd) {
+       uint8_t ctmp = param_getchar(Cmd, 0);
+       if ( strlen(Cmd) == 0 || ctmp == 'H' || ctmp == 'h' ) return usage_lf_em_write();
+
+       bool usePwd = false;
+
+       uint8_t addr = 16; // default to invalid address
+       uint32_t data = 0xFFFFFFFF; // default to blank data
+       uint32_t pwd = 0xFFFFFFFF; // default to blank password
+       char swap = 0;
+
+       int p = 0;
+       swap = param_getchar(Cmd, 0);
+       if (swap == 's' || swap=='S') p++;
+       addr = param_get8ex(Cmd, p++, 16, 10);
+       data = param_get32ex(Cmd, p++, 0, 16);
+       pwd  = param_get32ex(Cmd, p++, 1, 16);
+
+       if (swap == 's' || swap=='S') data = SwapBits(data, 32);
+
+       if ( (addr > 15) ) {
+               PrintAndLog("Address must be between 0 and 15");
+               return 1;
+       }
+       if ( pwd == 1 )
+               PrintAndLog("Writing address %d data %08X", addr, data);        
+       else {
+               usePwd = true;
+               PrintAndLog("Writing address %d data %08X using password %08X", addr, data, pwd);
+       }
+
+       uint16_t flag = (addr << 8 ) | usePwd;
+
+       UsbCommand c = {CMD_EM4X_WRITE_WORD, {flag, data, pwd}};
+       clearCommandBuffer();
+       SendCommand(&c);
+       UsbCommand resp;
+       if (!WaitForResponseTimeout(CMD_ACK, &resp, 2000)){
+               PrintAndLog("Error occurred, device did not respond during write operation.");
+               return -1;
+       }
+       if ( !downloadSamplesEM() ) {
+               return -1;
+       }
+       //check response for 00001010 for write confirmation!
+       //attempt demod:
+       uint32_t dummy = 0;
+       int result = demodEM4x05resp(&dummy,false);
+       if (result == 1) {
+               PrintAndLog("Write Verified");
+       } else {
+               PrintAndLog("Write could not be verified");
+       }
+       return result;
+}
+
+void printEM4x05config(uint32_t wordData) {
+       uint16_t datarate = (((wordData & 0x3F)+1)*2);
+       uint8_t encoder = ((wordData >> 6) & 0xF);
+       char enc[14];
+       memset(enc,0,sizeof(enc));
+
+       uint8_t PSKcf = (wordData >> 10) & 0x3;
+       char cf[10];
+       memset(cf,0,sizeof(cf));
+       uint8_t delay = (wordData >> 12) & 0x3;
+       char cdelay[33];
+       memset(cdelay,0,sizeof(cdelay));
+       uint8_t LWR = (wordData >> 14) & 0xF; //last word read
+
+       switch (encoder) {
+               case 0: snprintf(enc,sizeof(enc),"NRZ"); break;
+               case 1: snprintf(enc,sizeof(enc),"Manchester"); break;
+               case 2: snprintf(enc,sizeof(enc),"Biphase"); break;
+               case 3: snprintf(enc,sizeof(enc),"Miller"); break;
+               case 4: snprintf(enc,sizeof(enc),"PSK1"); break;
+               case 5: snprintf(enc,sizeof(enc),"PSK2"); break;
+               case 6: snprintf(enc,sizeof(enc),"PSK3"); break;
+               case 7: snprintf(enc,sizeof(enc),"Unknown"); break;
+               case 8: snprintf(enc,sizeof(enc),"FSK1"); break;
+               case 9: snprintf(enc,sizeof(enc),"FSK2"); break;
+               default: snprintf(enc,sizeof(enc),"Unknown"); break;
+       }
+
+       switch (PSKcf) {
+               case 0: snprintf(cf,sizeof(cf),"RF/2"); break;
+               case 1: snprintf(cf,sizeof(cf),"RF/8"); break;
+               case 2: snprintf(cf,sizeof(cf),"RF/4"); break;
+               case 3: snprintf(cf,sizeof(cf),"unknown"); break;
+       }
+
+       switch (delay) {
+               case 0: snprintf(cdelay, sizeof(cdelay),"no delay"); break;
+               case 1: snprintf(cdelay, sizeof(cdelay),"BP/8 or 1/8th bit period delay"); break;
+               case 2: snprintf(cdelay, sizeof(cdelay),"BP/4 or 1/4th bit period delay"); break;
+               case 3: snprintf(cdelay, sizeof(cdelay),"no delay"); break;
+       }
+       PrintAndLog("ConfigWord: %08X (Word 4)\n", wordData);
+       PrintAndLog("Config Breakdown:", wordData);
+       PrintAndLog(" Data Rate:  %02u | RF/%u", wordData & 0x3F, datarate);
+       PrintAndLog("   Encoder:   %u | %s", encoder, enc);
+       PrintAndLog("    PSK CF:   %u | %s", PSKcf, cf);
+       PrintAndLog("     Delay:   %u | %s", delay, cdelay);
+       PrintAndLog(" LastWordR:  %02u | Address of last word for default read", LWR);
+       PrintAndLog(" ReadLogin:   %u | Read Login is %s", (wordData & 0x40000)>>18, (wordData & 0x40000) ? "Required" : "Not Required");       
+       PrintAndLog("   ReadHKL:   %u | Read Housekeeping Words Login is %s", (wordData & 0x80000)>>19, (wordData & 0x80000) ? "Required" : "Not Required");    
+       PrintAndLog("WriteLogin:   %u | Write Login is %s", (wordData & 0x100000)>>20, (wordData & 0x100000) ? "Required" : "Not Required");    
+       PrintAndLog("  WriteHKL:   %u | Write Housekeeping Words Login is %s", (wordData & 0x200000)>>21, (wordData & 0x200000) ? "Required" : "Not Required"); 
+       PrintAndLog("    R.A.W.:   %u | Read After Write is %s", (wordData & 0x400000)>>22, (wordData & 0x400000) ? "On" : "Off");
+       PrintAndLog("   Disable:   %u | Disable Command is %s", (wordData & 0x800000)>>23, (wordData & 0x800000) ? "Accepted" : "Not Accepted");
+       PrintAndLog("    R.T.F.:   %u | Reader Talk First is %s", (wordData & 0x1000000)>>24, (wordData & 0x1000000) ? "Enabled" : "Disabled");
+       PrintAndLog("    Pigeon:   %u | Pigeon Mode is %s\n", (wordData & 0x4000000)>>26, (wordData & 0x4000000) ? "Enabled" : "Disabled");
+}
+
+void printEM4x05info(uint8_t chipType, uint8_t cap, uint16_t custCode, uint32_t serial) {
+       switch (chipType) {
+               case 9: PrintAndLog("\n Chip Type:   %u | EM4305", chipType); break;
+               case 4: PrintAndLog(" Chip Type:   %u | Unknown", chipType); break;
+               case 2: PrintAndLog(" Chip Type:   %u | EM4469", chipType); break;
+               //add more here when known
+               default: PrintAndLog(" Chip Type:   %u Unknown", chipType); break;
+       }
+
+       switch (cap) {
+               case 3: PrintAndLog("  Cap Type:   %u | 330pF",cap); break;
+               case 2: PrintAndLog("  Cap Type:   %u | %spF",cap, (chipType==2)? "75":"210"); break;
+               case 1: PrintAndLog("  Cap Type:   %u | 250pF",cap); break;
+               case 0: PrintAndLog("  Cap Type:   %u | no resonant capacitor",cap); break;
+               default: PrintAndLog("  Cap Type:   %u | unknown",cap); break;
+       }
+
+       PrintAndLog(" Cust Code: %03u | %s", custCode, (custCode == 0x200) ? "Default": "Unknown");
+       if (serial != 0) {
+               PrintAndLog("\n  Serial #: %08X\n", serial);
+       }
+}
+
+void printEM4x05ProtectionBits(uint32_t wordData) {
+       for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
+               PrintAndLog("      Word:  %02u | %s", i, (((1 << i) & wordData ) || i < 2) ? "Is Write Locked" : "Is Not Write Locked");
+               if (i==14) {
+                       PrintAndLog("      Word:  %02u | %s", i+1, (((1 << i) & wordData ) || i < 2) ? "Is Write Locked" : "Is Not Write Locked");
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+//quick test for EM4x05/EM4x69 tag
+bool EM4x05Block0Test(uint32_t *wordData) {
+       if (EM4x05ReadWord_ext(0,0,false,wordData) == 1) {
+               return true;
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
+int CmdEM4x05info(const char *Cmd) {
+       //uint8_t addr = 0;
+       uint32_t pwd;
+       uint32_t wordData = 0;
+       bool usePwd = false;
+       uint8_t ctmp = param_getchar(Cmd, 0);
+       if ( ctmp == 'H' || ctmp == 'h' ) return usage_lf_em_dump();
+
+       // for now use default input of 1 as invalid (unlikely 1 will be a valid password...)
+       pwd = param_get32ex(Cmd, 0, 1, 16);
+       
+       if ( pwd != 1 ) {
+               usePwd = true;
+       }
+
+       // read word 0 (chip info)
+       // block 0 can be read even without a password.
+       if ( !EM4x05Block0Test(&wordData) ) 
+               return -1;
+       
+       uint8_t chipType = (wordData >> 1) & 0xF;
+       uint8_t cap = (wordData >> 5) & 3;
+       uint16_t custCode = (wordData >> 9) & 0x3FF;
+       
+       // read word 1 (serial #) doesn't need pwd
+       wordData = 0;
+       if (EM4x05ReadWord_ext(1, 0, false, &wordData) != 1) {
+               //failed, but continue anyway...
+       }
+       printEM4x05info(chipType, cap, custCode, wordData);
+
+       // read word 4 (config block) 
+       // needs password if one is set
+       wordData = 0;
+       if ( EM4x05ReadWord_ext(4, pwd, usePwd, &wordData) != 1 ) {
+               //failed
+               return 0;
+       }
+       printEM4x05config(wordData);
+
+       // read word 14 and 15 to see which is being used for the protection bits
+       wordData = 0;
+       if ( EM4x05ReadWord_ext(14, pwd, usePwd, &wordData) != 1 ) {
+               //failed
+               return 0;
+       }
+       // if status bit says this is not the used protection word
+       if (!(wordData & 0x8000)) {
+               if ( EM4x05ReadWord_ext(15, pwd, usePwd, &wordData) != 1 ) {
+                       //failed
+                       return 0;
+               }
+       }
+       if (!(wordData & 0x8000)) {
+               //something went wrong
+               return 0;
+       }
+       printEM4x05ProtectionBits(wordData);
+
+       return 1;
+}
+
+
 static command_t CommandTable[] =
 {
 static command_t CommandTable[] =
 {
-  {"help", CmdHelp, 1, "This help"},
-  {"em410xdemod", CmdEMdemodASK, 0, "[findone] -- Extract ID from EM410x tag (option 0 for continuous loop, 1 for only 1 tag)"},  
-  {"em410xread", CmdEM410xRead, 1, "[clock rate] -- Extract ID from EM410x tag"},
-  {"em410xsim", CmdEM410xSim, 0, "<UID> -- Simulate EM410x tag"},
-  {"em410xwatch", CmdEM410xWatch, 0, "['h'] -- Watches for EM410x 125/134 kHz tags (option 'h' for 134)"},
-  {"em410xspoof", CmdEM410xWatchnSpoof, 0, "['h'] --- Watches for EM410x 125/134 kHz tags, and replays them. (option 'h' for 134)" },
-  {"em410xwrite", CmdEM410xWrite, 1, "<UID> <'0' T5555> <'1' T55x7> [clock rate] -- Write EM410x UID to T5555(Q5) or T55x7 tag, optionally setting clock rate"},
-  {"em4x50read", CmdEM4x50Read, 1, "Extract data from EM4x50 tag"},
-  {"readword", CmdReadWord, 1, "<Word> -- Read EM4xxx word data"},
-  {"readwordPWD", CmdReadWordPWD, 1, "<Word> <Password> -- Read EM4xxx word data in password mode"},
-  {"writeword", CmdWriteWord, 1, "<Data> <Word> -- Write EM4xxx word data"},
-  {"writewordPWD", CmdWriteWordPWD, 1, "<Data> <Word> <Password> -- Write EM4xxx word data in password mode"},
-  {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}
+       {"help",      CmdHelp, 1, "This help"},
+       {"410xread",  CmdEMdemodASK, 0, "[findone] -- Extract ID from EM410x tag (option 0 for continuous loop, 1 for only 1 tag)"},  
+       {"410xdemod", CmdAskEM410xDemod,  1, "[clock] [invert<0|1>] [maxErr] -- Demodulate an EM410x tag from GraphBuffer (args optional)"},
+       {"410xsim",   CmdEM410xSim, 0, "<UID> [clock rate] -- Simulate EM410x tag"},
+       {"410xwatch", CmdEM410xWatch, 0, "['h'] -- Watches for EM410x 125/134 kHz tags (option 'h' for 134)"},
+       {"410xspoof", CmdEM410xWatchnSpoof, 0, "['h'] --- Watches for EM410x 125/134 kHz tags, and replays them. (option 'h' for 134)" },
+       {"410xwrite", CmdEM410xWrite, 0, "<UID> <'0' T5555> <'1' T55x7> [clock rate] -- Write EM410x UID to T5555(Q5) or T55x7 tag, optionally setting clock rate"},
+       {"4x05dump",  CmdEM4x05dump, 0, "(pwd) -- Read EM4x05/EM4x69 all word data"},
+       {"4x05info",  CmdEM4x05info, 0, "(pwd) -- Get info from EM4x05/EM4x69 tag"},
+       {"4x05readword",  CmdEM4x05ReadWord, 0, "<Word> (pwd) -- Read EM4x05/EM4x69 word data"},
+       {"4x05writeword", CmdEM4x05WriteWord, 0, "<Word> <data> (pwd) -- Write EM4x05/EM4x69 word data"},
+       {"4x50read",  CmdEM4x50Read, 1, "demod data from EM4x50 tag from the graph buffer"},
+       {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}
 };
 
 int CmdLFEM4X(const char *Cmd)
 {
 };
 
 int CmdLFEM4X(const char *Cmd)
 {
-  CmdsParse(CommandTable, Cmd);
-  return 0;
+       CmdsParse(CommandTable, Cmd);
+       return 0;
 }
 
 int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd)
 {
 }
 
 int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd)
 {
-  CmdsHelp(CommandTable);
-  return 0;
+       CmdsHelp(CommandTable);
+       return 0;
 }
 }
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