fix "hf mf chk" <t|d|s|ss> flags (based on PR #700) (#718)

[proxmark3-svn] / armsrc / iso14443a.c

diff --git a/armsrc/iso14443a.c b/armsrc/iso14443a.c
index aa97e6e9bcc48a721753485297ec56e33da912ca..7bf8f5af7d110e4f440b933ebed4f5c1f8138052 100644 (file)
--- a/armsrc/iso14443a.c
+++ b/armsrc/iso14443a.c
@@ -10,26 +10,164 @@
 // Routines to support ISO 14443 type A.
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 // Routines to support ISO 14443 type A.
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 

+#include "iso14443a.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>

 #include "proxmark3.h"
 #include "apps.h"
 #include "util.h"
 #include "proxmark3.h"
 #include "apps.h"
 #include "util.h"

-#include "string.h"

 #include "cmd.h"
 #include "cmd.h"

-

 #include "iso14443crc.h"
 #include "iso14443crc.h"

-#include "iso14443a.h"
-#include "crapto1.h"
+#include "crapto1/crapto1.h"

 #include "mifareutil.h"
 #include "mifareutil.h"

+#include "mifaresniff.h"
+#include "BigBuf.h"
+#include "protocols.h"
+#include "parity.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+       enum {
+               DEMOD_UNSYNCD,
+               // DEMOD_HALF_SYNCD,
+               // DEMOD_MOD_FIRST_HALF,
+               // DEMOD_NOMOD_FIRST_HALF,
+               DEMOD_MANCHESTER_DATA
+       } state;
+       uint16_t twoBits;
+       uint16_t highCnt;
+       uint16_t bitCount;
+       uint16_t collisionPos;
+       uint16_t syncBit;
+       uint8_t  parityBits;
+       uint8_t  parityLen;
+       uint16_t shiftReg;
+       uint16_t samples;
+       uint16_t len;
+       uint32_t startTime, endTime;
+       uint8_t  *output;
+       uint8_t  *parity;
+} tDemod;
+
+typedef enum {
+       MOD_NOMOD = 0,
+       MOD_SECOND_HALF,
+       MOD_FIRST_HALF,
+       MOD_BOTH_HALVES
+       } Modulation_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+       enum {
+               STATE_UNSYNCD,
+               STATE_START_OF_COMMUNICATION,
+               STATE_MILLER_X,
+               STATE_MILLER_Y,
+               STATE_MILLER_Z,
+               // DROP_NONE,
+               // DROP_FIRST_HALF,
+               } state;
+       uint16_t shiftReg;
+       int16_t  bitCount;
+       uint16_t len;
+       uint16_t byteCntMax;
+       uint16_t posCnt;
+       uint16_t syncBit;
+       uint8_t  parityBits;
+       uint8_t  parityLen;
+       uint32_t fourBits;
+       uint32_t startTime, endTime;
+    uint8_t *output;
+       uint8_t *parity;
+} tUart;

 
 static uint32_t iso14a_timeout;
 
 static uint32_t iso14a_timeout;

-uint8_t *trace = (uint8_t *) BigBuf+TRACE_OFFSET;
-int traceLen = 0;
+#define MAX_ISO14A_TIMEOUT 524288
+

 int rsamples = 0;
 int rsamples = 0;

-int tracing = TRUE;

 uint8_t trigger = 0;
 // the block number for the ISO14443-4 PCB
 static uint8_t iso14_pcb_blocknum = 0;
 
 uint8_t trigger = 0;
 // the block number for the ISO14443-4 PCB
 static uint8_t iso14_pcb_blocknum = 0;
 

+//
+// ISO14443 timing:
+//
+// minimum time between the start bits of consecutive transfers from reader to tag: 7000 carrier (13.56Mhz) cycles
+#define REQUEST_GUARD_TIME (7000/16 + 1)
+// minimum time between last modulation of tag and next start bit from reader to tag: 1172 carrier cycles 
+#define FRAME_DELAY_TIME_PICC_TO_PCD (1172/16 + 1) 
+// bool LastCommandWasRequest = false;
+
+//
+// Total delays including SSC-Transfers between ARM and FPGA. These are in carrier clock cycles (1/13,56MHz)
+//
+// When the PM acts as reader and is receiving tag data, it takes
+// 3 ticks delay in the AD converter
+// 16 ticks until the modulation detector completes and sets curbit
+// 8 ticks until bit_to_arm is assigned from curbit
+// 8*16 ticks for the transfer from FPGA to ARM
+// 4*16 ticks until we measure the time
+// - 8*16 ticks because we measure the time of the previous transfer 
+#define DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER (3 + 16 + 8 + 8*16 + 4*16 - 8*16) 
+
+// When the PM acts as a reader and is sending, it takes
+// 4*16 ticks until we can write data to the sending hold register
+// 8*16 ticks until the SHR is transferred to the Sending Shift Register
+// 8 ticks until the first transfer starts
+// 8 ticks later the FPGA samples the data
+// 1 tick to assign mod_sig_coil
+#define DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER (4*16 + 8*16 + 8 + 8 + 1)
+
+// When the PM acts as tag and is receiving it takes
+// 2 ticks delay in the RF part (for the first falling edge),
+// 3 ticks for the A/D conversion,
+// 8 ticks on average until the start of the SSC transfer,
+// 8 ticks until the SSC samples the first data
+// 7*16 ticks to complete the transfer from FPGA to ARM
+// 8 ticks until the next ssp_clk rising edge
+// 4*16 ticks until we measure the time 
+// - 8*16 ticks because we measure the time of the previous transfer 
+#define DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG (2 + 3 + 8 + 8 + 7*16 + 8 + 4*16 - 8*16)
+ 
+// The FPGA will report its internal sending delay in
+uint16_t FpgaSendQueueDelay;
+// the 5 first bits are the number of bits buffered in mod_sig_buf
+// the last three bits are the remaining ticks/2 after the mod_sig_buf shift
+#define DELAY_FPGA_QUEUE (FpgaSendQueueDelay<<1)
+
+// When the PM acts as tag and is sending, it takes
+// 4*16 + 8 ticks until we can write data to the sending hold register
+// 8*16 ticks until the SHR is transferred to the Sending Shift Register
+// 8 ticks later the FPGA samples the first data
+// + 16 ticks until assigned to mod_sig
+// + 1 tick to assign mod_sig_coil
+// + a varying number of ticks in the FPGA Delay Queue (mod_sig_buf)
+#define DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_TAG (4*16 + 8 + 8*16 + 8 + 16 + 1 + DELAY_FPGA_QUEUE)
+
+// When the PM acts as sniffer and is receiving tag data, it takes
+// 3 ticks A/D conversion
+// 14 ticks to complete the modulation detection
+// 8 ticks (on average) until the result is stored in to_arm
+// + the delays in transferring data - which is the same for
+// sniffing reader and tag data and therefore not relevant
+#define DELAY_TAG_AIR2ARM_AS_SNIFFER (3 + 14 + 8) 
+ 
+// When the PM acts as sniffer and is receiving reader data, it takes
+// 2 ticks delay in analogue RF receiver (for the falling edge of the 
+// start bit, which marks the start of the communication)
+// 3 ticks A/D conversion
+// 8 ticks on average until the data is stored in to_arm.
+// + the delays in transferring data - which is the same for
+// sniffing reader and tag data and therefore not relevant
+#define DELAY_READER_AIR2ARM_AS_SNIFFER (2 + 3 + 8) 
+
+//variables used for timing purposes:
+//these are in ssp_clk cycles:
+static uint32_t NextTransferTime;
+static uint32_t LastTimeProxToAirStart;
+static uint32_t LastProxToAirDuration;
+
+
+

 // CARD TO READER - manchester
 // Sequence D: 11110000 modulation with subcarrier during first half
 // Sequence E: 00001111 modulation with subcarrier during second half
 // CARD TO READER - manchester
 // Sequence D: 11110000 modulation with subcarrier during first half
 // Sequence E: 00001111 modulation with subcarrier during second half


@@ -45,63 +183,48 @@ static uint8_t iso14_pcb_blocknum = 0;
 #define        SEC_Y 0x00
 #define        SEC_Z 0xc0
 
 #define        SEC_Y 0x00
 #define        SEC_Z 0xc0
 

-const uint8_t OddByteParity[256] = {
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1
-};
-
-

 void iso14a_set_trigger(bool enable) {
        trigger = enable;
 }
 
 void iso14a_set_trigger(bool enable) {
        trigger = enable;
 }
 

-void iso14a_clear_trace() {
-  memset(trace, 0x44, TRACE_SIZE);
-       traceLen = 0;
-}

 
 

-void iso14a_set_tracing(bool enable) {
-       tracing = enable;
+void iso14a_set_timeout(uint32_t timeout) {
+       // adjust timeout by FPGA delays and 2 additional ssp_frames to detect SOF
+       iso14a_timeout = timeout + (DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER)/(16*8) + 2;
+       if(MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("ISO14443A Timeout set to %ld (%dms)", timeout, timeout / 106);

 }
 
 }
 

-void iso14a_set_timeout(uint32_t timeout) {
-       iso14a_timeout = timeout;
+
+uint32_t iso14a_get_timeout(void) {
+       return iso14a_timeout - (DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER)/(16*8) - 2;

 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Generate the parity value for a byte sequence
 //
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Generate the parity value for a byte sequence
 //
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-byte_t oddparity (const byte_t bt)
-{
-       return OddByteParity[bt];
-}
-
-uint32_t GetParity(const uint8_t * pbtCmd, int iLen)
+void GetParity(const uint8_t *pbtCmd, uint16_t iLen, uint8_t *par)

 {
 {

-       int i;
-       uint32_t dwPar = 0;
-
-       // Generate the parity bits
-       for (i = 0; i < iLen; i++) {
-               // and save them to a 32Bit word
-               dwPar |= ((OddByteParity[pbtCmd[i]]) << i);
+       uint16_t paritybit_cnt = 0;
+       uint16_t paritybyte_cnt = 0;
+       uint8_t parityBits = 0;
+
+       for (uint16_t i = 0; i < iLen; i++) {
+               // Generate the parity bits
+               parityBits |= ((oddparity8(pbtCmd[i])) << (7-paritybit_cnt));
+               if (paritybit_cnt == 7) {
+                       par[paritybyte_cnt] = parityBits;       // save 8 Bits parity
+                       parityBits = 0;                                         // and advance to next Parity Byte
+                       paritybyte_cnt++;
+                       paritybit_cnt = 0;
+               } else {
+                       paritybit_cnt++;
+               }

        }
        }

-       return dwPar;
+
+       // save remaining parity bits
+       par[paritybyte_cnt] = parityBits;
+       

 }
 
 void AppendCrc14443a(uint8_t* data, int len)
 }
 
 void AppendCrc14443a(uint8_t* data, int len)


@@ -109,275 +232,192 @@ void AppendCrc14443a(uint8_t* data, int len)
        ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A,data,len,data+len,data+len+1);
 }
 
        ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A,data,len,data+len,data+len+1);
 }
 

-// The function LogTrace() is also used by the iClass implementation in iClass.c
-int RAMFUNC LogTrace(const uint8_t * btBytes, int iLen, int iSamples, uint32_t dwParity, int bReader)
+static void AppendCrc14443b(uint8_t* data, int len)

 {
 {

-  // Return when trace is full
-  if (traceLen >= TRACE_SIZE) return FALSE;
-
-  // Trace the random, i'm curious
-  rsamples += iSamples;
-  trace[traceLen++] = ((rsamples >> 0) & 0xff);
-  trace[traceLen++] = ((rsamples >> 8) & 0xff);
-  trace[traceLen++] = ((rsamples >> 16) & 0xff);
-  trace[traceLen++] = ((rsamples >> 24) & 0xff);
-  if (!bReader) {
-    trace[traceLen - 1] |= 0x80;
-  }
-  trace[traceLen++] = ((dwParity >> 0) & 0xff);
-  trace[traceLen++] = ((dwParity >> 8) & 0xff);
-  trace[traceLen++] = ((dwParity >> 16) & 0xff);
-  trace[traceLen++] = ((dwParity >> 24) & 0xff);
-  trace[traceLen++] = iLen;
-  memcpy(trace + traceLen, btBytes, iLen);
-  traceLen += iLen;
-  return TRUE;
+       ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_B,data,len,data+len,data+len+1);

 }
 
 }
 

-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// The software UART that receives commands from the reader, and its state
-// variables.
+
+//=============================================================================
+// ISO 14443 Type A - Miller decoder
+//=============================================================================
+// Basics:
+// This decoder is used when the PM3 acts as a tag.
+// The reader will generate "pauses" by temporarily switching of the field. 
+// At the PM3 antenna we will therefore measure a modulated antenna voltage. 
+// The FPGA does a comparison with a threshold and would deliver e.g.:
+// ........  1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1  .......
+// The Miller decoder needs to identify the following sequences:
+// 2 (or 3) ticks pause followed by 6 (or 5) ticks unmodulated:        pause at beginning - Sequence Z ("start of communication" or a "0")
+// 8 ticks without a modulation:                                                                       no pause - Sequence Y (a "0" or "end of communication" or "no information")
+// 4 ticks unmodulated followed by 2 (or 3) ticks pause:                       pause in second half - Sequence X (a "1")
+// Note 1: the bitstream may start at any time. We therefore need to sync.
+// Note 2: the interpretation of Sequence Y and Z depends on the preceding sequence.

 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 static tUart Uart;
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 static tUart Uart;
 

-static RAMFUNC int MillerDecoding(int bit)
-{
-       //int error = 0;
-       int bitright;
-
-       if(!Uart.bitBuffer) {
-               Uart.bitBuffer = bit ^ 0xFF0;
-               return FALSE;
-       }
-       else {
-               Uart.bitBuffer <<= 4;
-               Uart.bitBuffer ^= bit;
-       }
+// Lookup-Table to decide if 4 raw bits are a modulation.
+// We accept the following:
+// 0001  -   a 3 tick wide pause
+// 0011  -   a 2 tick wide pause, or a three tick wide pause shifted left
+// 0111  -   a 2 tick wide pause shifted left
+// 1001  -   a 2 tick wide pause shifted right
+const bool Mod_Miller_LUT[] = {
+       false,  true, false, true,  false, false, false, true,
+       false,  true, false, false, false, false, false, false
+};
+#define IsMillerModulationNibble1(b) (Mod_Miller_LUT[(b & 0x000000F0) >> 4])
+#define IsMillerModulationNibble2(b) (Mod_Miller_LUT[(b & 0x0000000F)])

 
 

-       int EOC = FALSE;
+static void UartReset()
+{
+       Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
+       Uart.bitCount = 0;
+       Uart.len = 0;                                           // number of decoded data bytes
+       Uart.parityLen = 0;                                     // number of decoded parity bytes
+       Uart.shiftReg = 0;                                      // shiftreg to hold decoded data bits
+       Uart.parityBits = 0;                            // holds 8 parity bits
+       Uart.startTime = 0;
+       Uart.endTime = 0;
+}

 
 

-       if(Uart.state != STATE_UNSYNCD) {
-               Uart.posCnt++;
+static void UartInit(uint8_t *data, uint8_t *parity)
+{
+       Uart.output = data;
+       Uart.parity = parity;
+       Uart.fourBits = 0x00000000;                     // clear the buffer for 4 Bits
+       UartReset();
+}

 
 

-               if((Uart.bitBuffer & Uart.syncBit) ^ Uart.syncBit) {
-                       bit = 0x00;
-               }
-               else {
-                       bit = 0x01;
-               }
-               if(((Uart.bitBuffer << 1) & Uart.syncBit) ^ Uart.syncBit) {
-                       bitright = 0x00;
-               }
-               else {
-                       bitright = 0x01;
-               }
-               if(bit != bitright) { bit = bitright; }
+// use parameter non_real_time to provide a timestamp. Set to 0 if the decoder should measure real time
+static RAMFUNC bool MillerDecoding(uint8_t bit, uint32_t non_real_time)
+{

 
 

-               if(Uart.posCnt == 1) {
-                       // measurement first half bitperiod
-                       if(!bit) {
-                               Uart.drop = DROP_FIRST_HALF;
-                       }
+       Uart.fourBits = (Uart.fourBits << 8) | bit;
+       
+       if (Uart.state == STATE_UNSYNCD) {                                                                                      // not yet synced
+       
+               Uart.syncBit = 9999;                                                                                                    // not set
+               // The start bit is one ore more Sequence Y followed by a Sequence Z (... 11111111 00x11111). We need to distinguish from
+               // Sequence X followed by Sequence Y followed by Sequence Z (111100x1 11111111 00x11111)
+               // we therefore look for a ...xx11111111111100x11111xxxxxx... pattern 
+               // (12 '1's followed by 2 '0's, eventually followed by another '0', followed by 5 '1's)
+               #define ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK         0x07FFEF80                                                      // mask is    00000111 11111111 11101111 10000000
+               #define ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN      0x07FF8F80                                                      // pattern is 00000111 11111111 10001111 10000000
+               if              ((Uart.fourBits & (ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK >> 0)) == ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN >> 0) Uart.syncBit = 7;
+               else if ((Uart.fourBits & (ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK >> 1)) == ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN >> 1) Uart.syncBit = 6;
+               else if ((Uart.fourBits & (ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK >> 2)) == ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN >> 2) Uart.syncBit = 5;
+               else if ((Uart.fourBits & (ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK >> 3)) == ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN >> 3) Uart.syncBit = 4;
+               else if ((Uart.fourBits & (ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK >> 4)) == ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN >> 4) Uart.syncBit = 3;
+               else if ((Uart.fourBits & (ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK >> 5)) == ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN >> 5) Uart.syncBit = 2;
+               else if ((Uart.fourBits & (ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK >> 6)) == ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN >> 6) Uart.syncBit = 1;
+               else if ((Uart.fourBits & (ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK >> 7)) == ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN >> 7) Uart.syncBit = 0;
+
+               if (Uart.syncBit != 9999) {                                                                                             // found a sync bit
+                       Uart.startTime = non_real_time?non_real_time:(GetCountSspClk() & 0xfffffff8);
+                       Uart.startTime -= Uart.syncBit;
+                       Uart.endTime = Uart.startTime;
+                       Uart.state = STATE_START_OF_COMMUNICATION;

                }
                }

-               else {
-                       // measurement second half bitperiod
-                       if(!bit & (Uart.drop == DROP_NONE)) {
-                               Uart.drop = DROP_SECOND_HALF;
-                       }
-                       else if(!bit) {
-                               // measured a drop in first and second half
-                               // which should not be possible
-                               Uart.state = STATE_ERROR_WAIT;
-                               //error = 0x01;
-                       }
-
-                       Uart.posCnt = 0;

 
 

-                       switch(Uart.state) {
-                               case STATE_START_OF_COMMUNICATION:
-                                       Uart.shiftReg = 0;
-                                       if(Uart.drop == DROP_SECOND_HALF) {
-                                               // error, should not happen in SOC
-                                               Uart.state = STATE_ERROR_WAIT;
-                                               //error = 0x02;
-                                       }
-                                       else {
-                                               // correct SOC
-                                               Uart.state = STATE_MILLER_Z;
-                                       }
-                                       break;
-
-                               case STATE_MILLER_Z:
-                                       Uart.bitCnt++;
-                                       Uart.shiftReg >>= 1;
-                                       if(Uart.drop == DROP_NONE) {
-                                               // logic '0' followed by sequence Y
-                                               // end of communication
-                                               Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
-                                               EOC = TRUE;
-                                       }
-                                       // if(Uart.drop == DROP_FIRST_HALF) {
-                                       //      Uart.state = STATE_MILLER_Z; stay the same
-                                       //      we see a logic '0' }
-                                       if(Uart.drop == DROP_SECOND_HALF) {
-                                               // we see a logic '1'
-                                               Uart.shiftReg |= 0x100;
-                                               Uart.state = STATE_MILLER_X;
-                                       }
-                                       break;
-
-                               case STATE_MILLER_X:
-                                       Uart.shiftReg >>= 1;
-                                       if(Uart.drop == DROP_NONE) {
-                                               // sequence Y, we see a '0'
-                                               Uart.state = STATE_MILLER_Y;
-                                               Uart.bitCnt++;
-                                       }
-                                       if(Uart.drop == DROP_FIRST_HALF) {
-                                               // Would be STATE_MILLER_Z
-                                               // but Z does not follow X, so error
-                                               Uart.state = STATE_ERROR_WAIT;
-                                               //error = 0x03;
-                                       }
-                                       if(Uart.drop == DROP_SECOND_HALF) {
-                                               // We see a '1' and stay in state X
-                                               Uart.shiftReg |= 0x100;
-                                               Uart.bitCnt++;
-                                       }
-                                       break;
+       } else {

 
 

-                               case STATE_MILLER_Y:
-                                       Uart.bitCnt++;
-                                       Uart.shiftReg >>= 1;
-                                       if(Uart.drop == DROP_NONE) {
-                                               // logic '0' followed by sequence Y
-                                               // end of communication
-                                               Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
-                                               EOC = TRUE;
+               if (IsMillerModulationNibble1(Uart.fourBits >> Uart.syncBit)) {                 
+                       if (IsMillerModulationNibble2(Uart.fourBits >> Uart.syncBit)) {         // Modulation in both halves - error
+                               UartReset();
+                       } else {                                                                                                                        // Modulation in first half = Sequence Z = logic "0"
+                               if (Uart.state == STATE_MILLER_X) {                                                             // error - must not follow after X
+                                       UartReset();
+                               } else {
+                                       Uart.bitCount++;
+                                       Uart.shiftReg = (Uart.shiftReg >> 1);                                           // add a 0 to the shiftreg
+                                       Uart.state = STATE_MILLER_Z;
+                                       Uart.endTime = Uart.startTime + 8*(9*Uart.len + Uart.bitCount + 1) - 6;
+                                       if(Uart.bitCount >= 9) {                                                                        // if we decoded a full byte (including parity)
+                                               Uart.output[Uart.len++] = (Uart.shiftReg & 0xff);
+                                               Uart.parityBits <<= 1;                                                                  // make room for the parity bit
+                                               Uart.parityBits |= ((Uart.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01);               // store parity bit
+                                               Uart.bitCount = 0;
+                                               Uart.shiftReg = 0;
+                                               if((Uart.len&0x0007) == 0) {                                                    // every 8 data bytes
+                                                       Uart.parity[Uart.parityLen++] = Uart.parityBits;        // store 8 parity bits
+                                                       Uart.parityBits = 0;
+                                               }

                                        }
                                        }

-                                       if(Uart.drop == DROP_FIRST_HALF) {
-                                               // we see a '0'
-                                               Uart.state = STATE_MILLER_Z;
+                               }
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       if (IsMillerModulationNibble2(Uart.fourBits >> Uart.syncBit)) {         // Modulation second half = Sequence X = logic "1"
+                               Uart.bitCount++;
+                               Uart.shiftReg = (Uart.shiftReg >> 1) | 0x100;                                   // add a 1 to the shiftreg
+                               Uart.state = STATE_MILLER_X;
+                               Uart.endTime = Uart.startTime + 8*(9*Uart.len + Uart.bitCount + 1) - 2;
+                               if(Uart.bitCount >= 9) {                                                                                // if we decoded a full byte (including parity)
+                                       Uart.output[Uart.len++] = (Uart.shiftReg & 0xff);
+                                       Uart.parityBits <<= 1;                                                                          // make room for the new parity bit
+                                       Uart.parityBits |= ((Uart.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01);                       // store parity bit
+                                       Uart.bitCount = 0;
+                                       Uart.shiftReg = 0;
+                                       if ((Uart.len&0x0007) == 0) {                                                           // every 8 data bytes
+                                               Uart.parity[Uart.parityLen++] = Uart.parityBits;                // store 8 parity bits
+                                               Uart.parityBits = 0;

                                        }
                                        }

-                                       if(Uart.drop == DROP_SECOND_HALF) {
-                                               // We see a '1' and go to state X
-                                               Uart.shiftReg |= 0x100;
-                                               Uart.state = STATE_MILLER_X;
+                               }
+                       } else {                                                                                                                        // no modulation in both halves - Sequence Y
+                               if (Uart.state == STATE_MILLER_Z || Uart.state == STATE_MILLER_Y) {     // Y after logic "0" - End of Communication
+                                       Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
+                                       Uart.bitCount--;                                                                                        // last "0" was part of EOC sequence
+                                       Uart.shiftReg <<= 1;                                                                            // drop it
+                                       if(Uart.bitCount > 0) {                                                                         // if we decoded some bits
+                                               Uart.shiftReg >>= (9 - Uart.bitCount);                                  // right align them
+                                               Uart.output[Uart.len++] = (Uart.shiftReg & 0xff);               // add last byte to the output
+                                               Uart.parityBits <<= 1;                                                                  // add a (void) parity bit
+                                               Uart.parityBits <<= (8 - (Uart.len&0x0007));                    // left align parity bits
+                                               Uart.parity[Uart.parityLen++] = Uart.parityBits;                // and store it
+                                               return true;
+                                       } else if (Uart.len & 0x0007) {                                                         // there are some parity bits to store
+                                               Uart.parityBits <<= (8 - (Uart.len&0x0007));                    // left align remaining parity bits
+                                               Uart.parity[Uart.parityLen++] = Uart.parityBits;                // and store them

                                        }
                                        }

-                                       break;
-
-                               case STATE_ERROR_WAIT:
-                                       // That went wrong. Now wait for at least two bit periods
-                                       // and try to sync again
-                                       if(Uart.drop == DROP_NONE) {
-                                               Uart.highCnt = 6;
-                                               Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
+                                       if (Uart.len) {
+                                               return true;                                                                                    // we are finished with decoding the raw data sequence
+                                       } else {
+                                               UartReset();                                                                                    // Nothing received - start over

                                        }
                                        }

-                                       break;
-
-                               default:
-                                       Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
-                                       Uart.highCnt = 0;
-                                       break;
-                       }
-
-                       Uart.drop = DROP_NONE;
-
-                       // should have received at least one whole byte...
-                       if((Uart.bitCnt == 2) && EOC && (Uart.byteCnt > 0)) {
-                               return TRUE;
-                       }
-
-                       if(Uart.bitCnt == 9) {
-                               Uart.output[Uart.byteCnt] = (Uart.shiftReg & 0xff);
-                               Uart.byteCnt++;
-
-                               Uart.parityBits <<= 1;
-                               Uart.parityBits ^= ((Uart.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01);
-
-                               if(EOC) {
-                                       // when End of Communication received and
-                                       // all data bits processed..
-                                       return TRUE;

                                }
                                }

-                               Uart.bitCnt = 0;
-                       }
-
-                       /*if(error) {
-                               Uart.output[Uart.byteCnt] = 0xAA;
-                               Uart.byteCnt++;
-                               Uart.output[Uart.byteCnt] = error & 0xFF;
-                               Uart.byteCnt++;
-                               Uart.output[Uart.byteCnt] = 0xAA;
-                               Uart.byteCnt++;
-                               Uart.output[Uart.byteCnt] = (Uart.bitBuffer >> 8) & 0xFF;
-                               Uart.byteCnt++;
-                               Uart.output[Uart.byteCnt] = Uart.bitBuffer & 0xFF;
-                               Uart.byteCnt++;
-                               Uart.output[Uart.byteCnt] = (Uart.syncBit >> 3) & 0xFF;
-                               Uart.byteCnt++;
-                               Uart.output[Uart.byteCnt] = 0xAA;
-                               Uart.byteCnt++;
-                               return TRUE;
-                       }*/
-               }
-
-       }
-       else {
-               bit = Uart.bitBuffer & 0xf0;
-               bit >>= 4;
-               bit ^= 0x0F;
-               if(bit) {
-                       // should have been high or at least (4 * 128) / fc
-                       // according to ISO this should be at least (9 * 128 + 20) / fc
-                       if(Uart.highCnt == 8) {
-                               // we went low, so this could be start of communication
-                               // it turns out to be safer to choose a less significant
-                               // syncbit... so we check whether the neighbour also represents the drop
-                               Uart.posCnt = 1;   // apparently we are busy with our first half bit period
-                               Uart.syncBit = bit & 8;
-                               Uart.samples = 3;
-                               if(!Uart.syncBit)       { Uart.syncBit = bit & 4; Uart.samples = 2; }
-                               else if(bit & 4)        { Uart.syncBit = bit & 4; Uart.samples = 2; bit <<= 2; }
-                               if(!Uart.syncBit)       { Uart.syncBit = bit & 2; Uart.samples = 1; }
-                               else if(bit & 2)        { Uart.syncBit = bit & 2; Uart.samples = 1; bit <<= 1; }
-                               if(!Uart.syncBit)       { Uart.syncBit = bit & 1; Uart.samples = 0;
-                                       if(Uart.syncBit && (Uart.bitBuffer & 8)) {
-                                               Uart.syncBit = 8;
-
-                                               // the first half bit period is expected in next sample
-                                               Uart.posCnt = 0;
-                                               Uart.samples = 3;
+                               if (Uart.state == STATE_START_OF_COMMUNICATION) {                               // error - must not follow directly after SOC
+                                       UartReset();
+                               } else {                                                                                                                // a logic "0"
+                                       Uart.bitCount++;
+                                       Uart.shiftReg = (Uart.shiftReg >> 1);                                           // add a 0 to the shiftreg
+                                       Uart.state = STATE_MILLER_Y;
+                                       if(Uart.bitCount >= 9) {                                                                        // if we decoded a full byte (including parity)
+                                               Uart.output[Uart.len++] = (Uart.shiftReg & 0xff);
+                                               Uart.parityBits <<= 1;                                                                  // make room for the parity bit
+                                               Uart.parityBits |= ((Uart.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01);               // store parity bit
+                                               Uart.bitCount = 0;
+                                               Uart.shiftReg = 0;
+                                               if ((Uart.len&0x0007) == 0) {                                                   // every 8 data bytes
+                                                       Uart.parity[Uart.parityLen++] = Uart.parityBits;        // store 8 parity bits
+                                                       Uart.parityBits = 0;
+                                               }

                                        }
                                }
                                        }
                                }

-                               else if(bit & 1)        { Uart.syncBit = bit & 1; Uart.samples = 0; }
-
-                               Uart.syncBit <<= 4;
-                               Uart.state = STATE_START_OF_COMMUNICATION;
-                               Uart.drop = DROP_FIRST_HALF;
-                               Uart.bitCnt = 0;
-                               Uart.byteCnt = 0;
-                               Uart.parityBits = 0;
-                               //error = 0;
-                       }
-                       else {
-                               Uart.highCnt = 0;
-                       }
-               }
-               else {
-                       if(Uart.highCnt < 8) {
-                               Uart.highCnt++;

                        }
                }
                        }
                }

-       }
+                       
+       } 

 
 

-    return FALSE;
+    return false;      // not finished yet, need more data

 }
 
 }
 

+
+

 //=============================================================================
 // ISO 14443 Type A - Manchester decoder
 //=============================================================================
 // Basics:
 //=============================================================================
 // ISO 14443 Type A - Manchester decoder
 //=============================================================================
 // Basics:

+// This decoder is used when the PM3 acts as a reader.

 // The tag will modulate the reader field by asserting different loads to it. As a consequence, the voltage
 // at the reader antenna will be modulated as well. The FPGA detects the modulation for us and would deliver e.g. the following:
 // ........ 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .......
 // The tag will modulate the reader field by asserting different loads to it. As a consequence, the voltage
 // at the reader antenna will be modulated as well. The FPGA detects the modulation for us and would deliver e.g. the following:
 // ........ 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .......


@@ -386,165 +426,135 @@ static RAMFUNC int MillerDecoding(int bit)
 // 4 ticks unmodulated followed by 4 ticks modulated:  Sequence E = 0
 // 8 ticks unmodulated:                                                                        Sequence F = end of communication
 // 8 ticks modulated:                                                                  A collision. Save the collision position and treat as Sequence D
 // 4 ticks unmodulated followed by 4 ticks modulated:  Sequence E = 0
 // 8 ticks unmodulated:                                                                        Sequence F = end of communication
 // 8 ticks modulated:                                                                  A collision. Save the collision position and treat as Sequence D

-// Note 1: the bitstream may start at any time (either in first or second nibble within the parameter bit). We therefore need to sync.
+// Note 1: the bitstream may start at any time. We therefore need to sync.

 // Note 2: parameter offset is used to determine the position of the parity bits (required for the anticollision command only)
 static tDemod Demod;
 
 // Note 2: parameter offset is used to determine the position of the parity bits (required for the anticollision command only)
 static tDemod Demod;
 

-inline RAMFUNC bool IsModulation(byte_t b)
-{
-       if (b >= 5 || b == 3)           // majority decision: 2 or more bits are set
-               return true;
-       else
-               return false;
-       
-}
+// Lookup-Table to decide if 4 raw bits are a modulation.
+// We accept three or four "1" in any position
+const bool Mod_Manchester_LUT[] = {
+       false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true,
+       false, false, false, true,  false, true,  true,  true
+};
+
+#define IsManchesterModulationNibble1(b) (Mod_Manchester_LUT[(b & 0x00F0) >> 4])
+#define IsManchesterModulationNibble2(b) (Mod_Manchester_LUT[(b & 0x000F)])

 
 

-inline RAMFUNC bool IsModulationNibble1(byte_t b)
+
+static void DemodReset()

 {
 {

-       return IsModulation((b & 0xE0) >> 5);
+       Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
+       Demod.len = 0;                                          // number of decoded data bytes
+       Demod.parityLen = 0;
+       Demod.shiftReg = 0;                                     // shiftreg to hold decoded data bits
+       Demod.parityBits = 0;                           // 
+       Demod.collisionPos = 0;                         // Position of collision bit
+       Demod.twoBits = 0xffff;                         // buffer for 2 Bits
+       Demod.highCnt = 0;
+       Demod.startTime = 0;
+       Demod.endTime = 0;

 }
 
 }
 

-inline RAMFUNC bool IsModulationNibble2(byte_t b)
+static void DemodInit(uint8_t *data, uint8_t *parity)

 {
 {

-       return IsModulation((b & 0x0E) >> 1);
+       Demod.output = data;
+       Demod.parity = parity;
+       DemodReset();

 }
 
 }
 

-static RAMFUNC int ManchesterDecoding(int bit, uint16_t offset)
+// use parameter non_real_time to provide a timestamp. Set to 0 if the decoder should measure real time
+static RAMFUNC int ManchesterDecoding(uint8_t bit, uint16_t offset, uint32_t non_real_time)

 {
 {

+
+       Demod.twoBits = (Demod.twoBits << 8) | bit;

        
        

-       switch (Demod.state) {
-
-               case DEMOD_UNSYNCD:                                             // not yet synced
-                       Demod.len = 0;                                          // initialize number of decoded data bytes
-                       Demod.bitCount = offset;                        // initialize number of decoded data bits
-                       Demod.shiftReg = 0;                                     // initialize shiftreg to hold decoded data bits
-                       Demod.parityBits = 0;                           // initialize parity bits
-                       Demod.collisionPos = 0;                         // Position of collision bit
-                       
-                       if (IsModulationNibble1(bit) 
-                               && !IsModulationNibble2(bit)) {                                                         // this is the start bit
-                               Demod.samples = 8;
-                               if(trigger) LED_A_OFF();
+       if (Demod.state == DEMOD_UNSYNCD) {
+
+               if (Demod.highCnt < 2) {                                                                                        // wait for a stable unmodulated signal
+                       if (Demod.twoBits == 0x0000) {
+                               Demod.highCnt++;
+                       } else {
+                               Demod.highCnt = 0;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       Demod.syncBit = 0xFFFF;                 // not set
+                       if              ((Demod.twoBits & 0x7700) == 0x7000) Demod.syncBit = 7; 
+                       else if ((Demod.twoBits & 0x3B80) == 0x3800) Demod.syncBit = 6;
+                       else if ((Demod.twoBits & 0x1DC0) == 0x1C00) Demod.syncBit = 5;
+                       else if ((Demod.twoBits & 0x0EE0) == 0x0E00) Demod.syncBit = 4;
+                       else if ((Demod.twoBits & 0x0770) == 0x0700) Demod.syncBit = 3;
+                       else if ((Demod.twoBits & 0x03B8) == 0x0380) Demod.syncBit = 2;
+                       else if ((Demod.twoBits & 0x01DC) == 0x01C0) Demod.syncBit = 1;
+                       else if ((Demod.twoBits & 0x00EE) == 0x00E0) Demod.syncBit = 0;
+                       if (Demod.syncBit != 0xFFFF) {
+                               Demod.startTime = non_real_time?non_real_time:(GetCountSspClk() & 0xfffffff8);
+                               Demod.startTime -= Demod.syncBit;
+                               Demod.bitCount = offset;                        // number of decoded data bits

                                Demod.state = DEMOD_MANCHESTER_DATA;
                                Demod.state = DEMOD_MANCHESTER_DATA;

-                       } else if (!IsModulationNibble1(bit) && IsModulationNibble2(bit)) { // this may be the first half of the start bit
-                                       Demod.samples = 4;
-                                       Demod.state = DEMOD_HALF_SYNCD;

                        }
                        }

-                       break;
+               }

 
 

+       } else {

 
 

-               case DEMOD_HALF_SYNCD:
-                       Demod.samples += 8;
-                       if (IsModulationNibble1(bit)) {                                                         // error: this was not a start bit.
-                               Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
-                       } else {
-                               if (IsModulationNibble2(bit)) {                                                 // modulation in first half
-                                       Demod.state = DEMOD_MOD_FIRST_HALF;
-                               } else {                                                                                                // no modulation in first half
-                                       Demod.state = DEMOD_NOMOD_FIRST_HALF;
-                               }
-                       }
-                       break;
-                       
-                       
-               case DEMOD_MOD_FIRST_HALF:
-                       Demod.samples += 8;
-                       Demod.bitCount++;
-                       if (IsModulationNibble1(bit)) {                                                         // modulation in both halfs - collision
+               if (IsManchesterModulationNibble1(Demod.twoBits >> Demod.syncBit)) {            // modulation in first half
+                       if (IsManchesterModulationNibble2(Demod.twoBits >> Demod.syncBit)) {    // ... and in second half = collision

                                if (!Demod.collisionPos) {
                                        Demod.collisionPos = (Demod.len << 3) + Demod.bitCount;
                                }
                        }                                                                                                                       // modulation in first half only - Sequence D = 1
                                if (!Demod.collisionPos) {
                                        Demod.collisionPos = (Demod.len << 3) + Demod.bitCount;
                                }
                        }                                                                                                                       // modulation in first half only - Sequence D = 1

-                       Demod.shiftReg = (Demod.shiftReg >> 1) | 0x100;                         // add a 1 to the shiftreg
-                       if(Demod.bitCount >= 9) {                                                                       // if we decoded a full byte (including parity)
-                               Demod.parityBits <<= 1;                                                                 // make room for the parity bit
+                       Demod.bitCount++;
+                       Demod.shiftReg = (Demod.shiftReg >> 1) | 0x100;                         // in both cases, add a 1 to the shiftreg
+                       if(Demod.bitCount == 9) {                                                                       // if we decoded a full byte (including parity)

                                Demod.output[Demod.len++] = (Demod.shiftReg & 0xff);
                                Demod.output[Demod.len++] = (Demod.shiftReg & 0xff);

+                               Demod.parityBits <<= 1;                                                                 // make room for the parity bit

                                Demod.parityBits |= ((Demod.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01);     // store parity bit
                                Demod.bitCount = 0;
                                Demod.shiftReg = 0;
                                Demod.parityBits |= ((Demod.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01);     // store parity bit
                                Demod.bitCount = 0;
                                Demod.shiftReg = 0;

+                               if((Demod.len&0x0007) == 0) {                                                   // every 8 data bytes
+                                       Demod.parity[Demod.parityLen++] = Demod.parityBits;     // store 8 parity bits
+                                       Demod.parityBits = 0;
+                               }

                        }
                        }

-                       if (IsModulationNibble2(bit)) {                                                         // modulation in first half
-                               Demod.state = DEMOD_MOD_FIRST_HALF;
-                       } else {                                                                                                        // no modulation in first half
-                               Demod.state = DEMOD_NOMOD_FIRST_HALF;
-                       }
-                       break;
-
-
-               case DEMOD_NOMOD_FIRST_HALF:
-                       if (IsModulationNibble1(bit)) {                                                         // modulation in second half only - Sequence E = 0
+                       Demod.endTime = Demod.startTime + 8*(9*Demod.len + Demod.bitCount + 1) - 4;
+               } else {                                                                                                                // no modulation in first half
+                       if (IsManchesterModulationNibble2(Demod.twoBits >> Demod.syncBit)) {    // and modulation in second half = Sequence E = 0

                                Demod.bitCount++;
                                Demod.bitCount++;

-                               Demod.samples += 8;
-                               Demod.shiftReg = (Demod.shiftReg >> 1);                                 // add a 0 to the shiftreg
+                               Demod.shiftReg = (Demod.shiftReg >> 1);                                 // add a 0 to the shiftreg

                                if(Demod.bitCount >= 9) {                                                               // if we decoded a full byte (including parity)
                                if(Demod.bitCount >= 9) {                                                               // if we decoded a full byte (including parity)

-                                       Demod.parityBits <<= 1;                                                         // make room for the new parity bit

                                        Demod.output[Demod.len++] = (Demod.shiftReg & 0xff);
                                        Demod.output[Demod.len++] = (Demod.shiftReg & 0xff);

+                                       Demod.parityBits <<= 1;                                                         // make room for the new parity bit

                                        Demod.parityBits |= ((Demod.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01); // store parity bit
                                        Demod.bitCount = 0;
                                        Demod.shiftReg = 0;
                                        Demod.parityBits |= ((Demod.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01); // store parity bit
                                        Demod.bitCount = 0;
                                        Demod.shiftReg = 0;

+                                       if ((Demod.len&0x0007) == 0) {                                          // every 8 data bytes
+                                               Demod.parity[Demod.parityLen++] = Demod.parityBits;     // store 8 parity bits1
+                                               Demod.parityBits = 0;
+                                       }

                                }
                                }

+                               Demod.endTime = Demod.startTime + 8*(9*Demod.len + Demod.bitCount + 1);

                        } else {                                                                                                        // no modulation in both halves - End of communication
                        } else {                                                                                                        // no modulation in both halves - End of communication

-                               Demod.samples += 4;
-                               if(Demod.bitCount > 0) {                                                                // if we decoded bits
-                                       Demod.shiftReg >>= (9 - Demod.bitCount);                        // add the remaining decoded bits to the output
-                                       Demod.output[Demod.len++] = Demod.shiftReg & 0xff;
-                                       // No parity bit, so just shift a 0
-                                       Demod.parityBits <<= 1;
-                               }
-                               Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;                                                    // start from the beginning
-                               return TRUE;                                                                                    // we are finished with decoding the raw data sequence
-                       }
-                       if (IsModulationNibble2(bit)) {                                                         // modulation in first half
-                               Demod.state = DEMOD_MOD_FIRST_HALF;
-                       } else {                                                                                                        // no modulation in first half
-                               Demod.state = DEMOD_NOMOD_FIRST_HALF;
-                       }
-                       break;
-                       
-
-               case DEMOD_MANCHESTER_DATA:
-                       Demod.samples += 8;
-                       if (IsModulationNibble1(bit)) {                                                                 // modulation in first half
-                               if (IsModulationNibble2(bit) & 0x0f) {                                          // ... and in second half = collision
-                                       if (!Demod.collisionPos) {
-                                               Demod.collisionPos = (Demod.len << 3) + Demod.bitCount;
-                                       }
-                               }                                                                                                               // modulation in first half only - Sequence D = 1
-                               Demod.bitCount++;
-                               Demod.shiftReg = (Demod.shiftReg >> 1) | 0x100;                 // in both cases, add a 1 to the shiftreg
-                               if(Demod.bitCount >= 9) {                                                               // if we decoded a full byte (including parity)
-                                       Demod.parityBits <<= 1;                                                         // make room for the parity bit
-                                       Demod.output[Demod.len++] = (Demod.shiftReg & 0xff);
-                                       Demod.parityBits |= ((Demod.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01); // store parity bit
-                                       Demod.bitCount = 0;
-                                       Demod.shiftReg = 0;
+                               if(Demod.bitCount > 0) {                                                                // there are some remaining data bits
+                                       Demod.shiftReg >>= (9 - Demod.bitCount);                        // right align the decoded bits
+                                       Demod.output[Demod.len++] = Demod.shiftReg & 0xff;      // and add them to the output
+                                       Demod.parityBits <<= 1;                                                         // add a (void) parity bit
+                                       Demod.parityBits <<= (8 - (Demod.len&0x0007));          // left align remaining parity bits
+                                       Demod.parity[Demod.parityLen++] = Demod.parityBits;     // and store them
+                                       return true;
+                               } else if (Demod.len & 0x0007) {                                                // there are some parity bits to store
+                                       Demod.parityBits <<= (8 - (Demod.len&0x0007));          // left align remaining parity bits
+                                       Demod.parity[Demod.parityLen++] = Demod.parityBits;     // and store them

                                }
                                }

-                       } else {                                                                                                        // no modulation in first half
-                               if (IsModulationNibble2(bit)) {                                                 // and modulation in second half = Sequence E = 0
-                                       Demod.bitCount++;
-                                       Demod.shiftReg = (Demod.shiftReg >> 1);                         // add a 0 to the shiftreg
-                                       if(Demod.bitCount >= 9) {                                                       // if we decoded a full byte (including parity)
-                                               Demod.parityBits <<= 1;                                                 // make room for the new parity bit
-                                               Demod.output[Demod.len++] = (Demod.shiftReg & 0xff);
-                                               Demod.parityBits |= ((Demod.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01); // store parity bit
-                                               Demod.bitCount = 0;
-                                               Demod.shiftReg = 0;
-                                       }
-                               } else {                                                                                                // no modulation in both halves - End of communication
-                                       if(Demod.bitCount > 0) {                                                        // if we decoded bits
-                                               Demod.shiftReg >>= (9 - Demod.bitCount);                // add the remaining decoded bits to the output
-                                               Demod.output[Demod.len++] = Demod.shiftReg & 0xff;
-                                               // No parity bit, so just shift a 0
-                                               Demod.parityBits <<= 1;
-                                       }
-                                       Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;                                            // start from the beginning
-                                       return TRUE;                                                                            // we are finished with decoding the raw data sequence
+                               if (Demod.len) {
+                                       return true;                                                                            // we are finished with decoding the raw data sequence
+                               } else {                                                                                                // nothing received. Start over
+                                       DemodReset();

                                }
                        }
                                }
                        }

+               }

                        
        } 
 
                        
        } 
 

-    return FALSE;      // not finished yet, need more data
+    return false;      // not finished yet, need more data

 }
 
 //=============================================================================
 }
 
 //=============================================================================


@@ -563,61 +573,56 @@ void RAMFUNC SnoopIso14443a(uint8_t param) {
        // bit 1 - trigger from first reader 7-bit request
        
        LEDsoff();
        // bit 1 - trigger from first reader 7-bit request
        
        LEDsoff();

-       // init trace buffer
-       iso14a_clear_trace();

 
 

-       // We won't start recording the frames that we acquire until we trigger;
-       // a good trigger condition to get started is probably when we see a
-       // response from the tag.
-       // triggered == FALSE -- to wait first for card
-       int triggered = !(param & 0x03); 
+       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_SNIFFER);
+
+       // Allocate memory from BigBuf for some buffers
+       // free all previous allocations first
+       BigBuf_free();

 
        // The command (reader -> tag) that we're receiving.
 
        // The command (reader -> tag) that we're receiving.

-       // The length of a received command will in most cases be no more than 18 bytes.
-       // So 32 should be enough!
-       uint8_t *receivedCmd = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + RECV_CMD_OFFSET);
+       uint8_t *receivedCmd = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_FRAME_SIZE);
+       uint8_t *receivedCmdPar = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_PARITY_SIZE);
+       

        // The response (tag -> reader) that we're receiving.
        // The response (tag -> reader) that we're receiving.

-       uint8_t *receivedResponse = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + RECV_RES_OFFSET);
-
-       // As we receive stuff, we copy it from receivedCmd or receivedResponse
-       // into trace, along with its length and other annotations.
-       //uint8_t *trace = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;
+       uint8_t *receivedResponse = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_FRAME_SIZE);
+       uint8_t *receivedResponsePar = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_PARITY_SIZE);

        
        // The DMA buffer, used to stream samples from the FPGA
        
        // The DMA buffer, used to stream samples from the FPGA

-       int8_t *dmaBuf = ((int8_t *)BigBuf) + DMA_BUFFER_OFFSET;
-       int8_t *data = dmaBuf;
+       uint8_t *dmaBuf = BigBuf_malloc(DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
+
+       // init trace buffer
+       clear_trace();
+       set_tracing(true);
+
+       uint8_t *data = dmaBuf;
+       uint8_t previous_data = 0;

        int maxDataLen = 0;
        int dataLen = 0;
        int maxDataLen = 0;
        int dataLen = 0;

-
+       bool TagIsActive = false;
+       bool ReaderIsActive = false;
+       

        // Set up the demodulator for tag -> reader responses.
        // Set up the demodulator for tag -> reader responses.

-       Demod.output = receivedResponse;
-       Demod.len = 0;
-       Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
-
+       DemodInit(receivedResponse, receivedResponsePar);
+       

        // Set up the demodulator for the reader -> tag commands
        // Set up the demodulator for the reader -> tag commands

-       memset(&Uart, 0, sizeof(Uart));
-       Uart.output = receivedCmd;
-       Uart.byteCntMax = 32;                        // was 100 (greg)//////////////////
-       Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
-
-       // Setup for the DMA.
-       FpgaSetupSsc();
+       UartInit(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar);
+       
+       // Setup and start DMA.

        FpgaSetupSscDma((uint8_t *)dmaBuf, DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
        FpgaSetupSscDma((uint8_t *)dmaBuf, DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);

-
-       // And put the FPGA in the appropriate mode
-       // Signal field is off with the appropriate LED
-       LED_D_OFF();
-       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_SNIFFER);
-       SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_HIPKD);
-
-       // Count of samples received so far, so that we can include timing
-       // information in the trace buffer.
-       rsamples = 0;
+       
+       // We won't start recording the frames that we acquire until we trigger;
+       // a good trigger condition to get started is probably when we see a
+       // response from the tag.
+       // triggered == false -- to wait first for card
+       bool triggered = !(param & 0x03); 
+       

        // And now we loop, receiving samples.
        // And now we loop, receiving samples.

-       while(true) {
+       for(uint32_t rsamples = 0; true; ) {
+

                if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
                        DbpString("cancelled by button");
                if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
                        DbpString("cancelled by button");

-                       goto done;
+                       break;

                }
 
                LED_A_ON();
                }
 
                LED_A_ON();


@@ -628,14 +633,14 @@ void RAMFUNC SnoopIso14443a(uint8_t param) {
                if (readBufDataP <= dmaBufDataP){
                        dataLen = dmaBufDataP - readBufDataP;
                } else {
                if (readBufDataP <= dmaBufDataP){
                        dataLen = dmaBufDataP - readBufDataP;
                } else {

-                       dataLen = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE - readBufDataP + dmaBufDataP + 1;
+                       dataLen = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE - readBufDataP + dmaBufDataP;

                }
                // test for length of buffer
                if(dataLen > maxDataLen) {
                        maxDataLen = dataLen;
                }
                // test for length of buffer
                if(dataLen > maxDataLen) {
                        maxDataLen = dataLen;

-                       if(dataLen > 400) {
-                               Dbprintf("blew circular buffer! dataLen=0x%x", dataLen);
-                               goto done;
+                       if(dataLen > (9 * DMA_BUFFER_SIZE / 10)) {
+                               Dbprintf("blew circular buffer! dataLen=%d", dataLen);
+                               break;

                        }
                }
                if(dataLen < 1) continue;
                        }
                }
                if(dataLen < 1) continue;


@@ -644,6 +649,7 @@ void RAMFUNC SnoopIso14443a(uint8_t param) {
                if (!AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR) {
                        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RPR = (uint32_t) dmaBuf;
                        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
                if (!AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR) {
                        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RPR = (uint32_t) dmaBuf;
                        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;

+                       Dbprintf("RxEmpty ERROR!!! data length:%d", dataLen); // temporary

                }
                // secondary buffer sets as primary, secondary buffer was stopped
                if (!AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNCR) {
                }
                // secondary buffer sets as primary, secondary buffer was stopped
                if (!AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNCR) {


@@ -653,60 +659,80 @@ void RAMFUNC SnoopIso14443a(uint8_t param) {
 
                LED_A_OFF();
                
 
                LED_A_OFF();
                

-               rsamples += 4;
-               if(MillerDecoding((data[0] & 0xF0) >> 4)) {
-                       LED_C_ON();
-
-                       // check - if there is a short 7bit request from reader
-                       if ((!triggered) && (param & 0x02) && (Uart.byteCnt == 1) && (Uart.bitCnt = 9)) triggered = TRUE;
-
-                       if(triggered) {
-                               if (!LogTrace(receivedCmd, Uart.byteCnt, 0 - Uart.samples, Uart.parityBits, TRUE)) break;
+               if (rsamples & 0x01) {                          // Need two samples to feed Miller and Manchester-Decoder
+
+                       if(!TagIsActive) {              // no need to try decoding reader data if the tag is sending
+                               uint8_t readerdata = (previous_data & 0xF0) | (*data >> 4);
+                               if (MillerDecoding(readerdata, (rsamples-1)*4)) {
+                                       LED_C_ON();
+
+                                       // check - if there is a short 7bit request from reader
+                                       if ((!triggered) && (param & 0x02) && (Uart.len == 1) && (Uart.bitCount == 7)) triggered = true;
+
+                                       if(triggered) {
+                                               if (!LogTrace(receivedCmd, 
+                                                                               Uart.len, 
+                                                                               Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_READER_AIR2ARM_AS_SNIFFER,
+                                                                               Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_READER_AIR2ARM_AS_SNIFFER,
+                                                                               Uart.parity, 
+                                                                               true)) break;
+                                       }
+                                       /* And ready to receive another command. */
+                                       UartReset();
+                                       /* And also reset the demod code, which might have been */
+                                       /* false-triggered by the commands from the reader. */
+                                       DemodReset();
+                                       LED_B_OFF();
+                               }
+                               ReaderIsActive = (Uart.state != STATE_UNSYNCD);

                        }
                        }

-                       /* And ready to receive another command. */
-                       Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
-                       /* And also reset the demod code, which might have been */
-                       /* false-triggered by the commands from the reader. */
-                       Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
-                       LED_B_OFF();
-               }

 
 

-               if(ManchesterDecoding(data[0], 0)) {
-                       LED_B_ON();
+                       if(!ReaderIsActive) {           // no need to try decoding tag data if the reader is sending - and we cannot afford the time
+                               uint8_t tagdata = (previous_data << 4) | (*data & 0x0F);
+                               if(ManchesterDecoding(tagdata, 0, (rsamples-1)*4)) {
+                                       LED_B_ON();

 
 

-                       if (!LogTrace(receivedResponse, Demod.len, 0 - Demod.samples, Demod.parityBits, FALSE)) break;
+                                       if (!LogTrace(receivedResponse, 
+                                                                       Demod.len, 
+                                                                       Demod.startTime*16 - DELAY_TAG_AIR2ARM_AS_SNIFFER, 
+                                                                       Demod.endTime*16 - DELAY_TAG_AIR2ARM_AS_SNIFFER,
+                                                                       Demod.parity,
+                                                                       false)) break;

 
 

-                       if ((!triggered) && (param & 0x01)) triggered = TRUE;
+                                       if ((!triggered) && (param & 0x01)) triggered = true;

 
 

-                       // And ready to receive another response.
-                       memset(&Demod, 0, sizeof(Demod));
-                       Demod.output = receivedResponse;
-                       Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
-                       LED_C_OFF();
+                                       // And ready to receive another response.
+                                       DemodReset();
+                                       // And reset the Miller decoder including itS (now outdated) input buffer
+                                       UartInit(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar);
+
+                                       LED_C_OFF();
+                               } 
+                               TagIsActive = (Demod.state != DEMOD_UNSYNCD);
+                       }

                }
 
                }
 

+               previous_data = *data;
+               rsamples++;

                data++;
                data++;

-               if(data > dmaBuf + DMA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+               if(data == dmaBuf + DMA_BUFFER_SIZE) {

                        data = dmaBuf;
                }
        } // main cycle
 
        DbpString("COMMAND FINISHED");
 
                        data = dmaBuf;
                }
        } // main cycle
 
        DbpString("COMMAND FINISHED");
 

-done:
-       AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_PTCR = AT91C_PDC_RXTDIS;
-       Dbprintf("maxDataLen=%x, Uart.state=%x, Uart.byteCnt=%x", maxDataLen, Uart.state, Uart.byteCnt);
-       Dbprintf("Uart.byteCntMax=%x, traceLen=%x, Uart.output[0]=%08x", Uart.byteCntMax, traceLen, (int)Uart.output[0]);
+       FpgaDisableSscDma();
+       Dbprintf("maxDataLen=%d, Uart.state=%x, Uart.len=%d", maxDataLen, Uart.state, Uart.len);
+       Dbprintf("traceLen=%d, Uart.output[0]=%08x", BigBuf_get_traceLen(), (uint32_t)Uart.output[0]);

        LEDsoff();
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Prepare tag messages
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
        LEDsoff();
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Prepare tag messages
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-static void CodeIso14443aAsTagPar(const uint8_t *cmd, int len, uint32_t dwParity)
+static void CodeIso14443aAsTagPar(const uint8_t *cmd, uint16_t len, uint8_t *parity)

 {
 {

-       int i;
-

        ToSendReset();
 
        // Correction bit, might be removed when not needed
        ToSendReset();
 
        // Correction bit, might be removed when not needed


@@ -721,13 +747,13 @@ static void CodeIso14443aAsTagPar(const uint8_t *cmd, int len, uint32_t dwParity
        
        // Send startbit
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
        
        // Send startbit
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;

+       LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * ToSendMax - 4;

 
 

-       for(i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-               int j;
+       for(uint16_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {

                uint8_t b = cmd[i];
 
                // Data bits
                uint8_t b = cmd[i];
 
                // Data bits

-               for(j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+               for(uint16_t j = 0; j < 8; j++) {

                        if(b & 1) {
                                ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
                        } else {
                        if(b & 1) {
                                ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
                        } else {


@@ -737,10 +763,12 @@ static void CodeIso14443aAsTagPar(const uint8_t *cmd, int len, uint32_t dwParity
                }
 
                // Get the parity bit
                }
 
                // Get the parity bit

-               if ((dwParity >> i) & 0x01) {
+               if (parity[i>>3] & (0x80>>(i&0x0007))) {

                        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
                        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;

+                       LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * ToSendMax - 4;

                } else {
                        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_E;
                } else {
                        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_E;

+                       LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * ToSendMax;

                }
        }
 
                }
        }
 


@@ -751,52 +779,6 @@ static void CodeIso14443aAsTagPar(const uint8_t *cmd, int len, uint32_t dwParity
        ToSendMax++;
 }
 
        ToSendMax++;
 }
 

-static void CodeIso14443aAsTag(const uint8_t *cmd, int len){
-       CodeIso14443aAsTagPar(cmd, len, GetParity(cmd, len));
-}
-
-////-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-//// This is to send a NACK kind of answer, its only 3 bits, I know it should be 4
-////-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-//static void CodeStrangeAnswerAsTag()
-//{
-//     int i;
-//
-//     ToSendReset();
-//
-//     // Correction bit, might be removed when not needed
-//     ToSendStuffBit(0);
-//     ToSendStuffBit(0);
-//     ToSendStuffBit(0);
-//     ToSendStuffBit(0);
-//     ToSendStuffBit(1);  // 1
-//     ToSendStuffBit(0);
-//     ToSendStuffBit(0);
-//     ToSendStuffBit(0);
-//
-//     // Send startbit
-//     ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
-//
-//     // 0
-//     ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_E;
-//
-//     // 0
-//     ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_E;
-//
-//     // 1
-//     ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
-//
-//     // Send stopbit
-//     ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_F;
-//
-//     // Flush the buffer in FPGA!!
-//     for(i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
-//             ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_F;
-//     }
-//
-//     // Convert from last byte pos to length
-//     ToSendMax++;
-//}

 
 static void Code4bitAnswerAsTag(uint8_t cmd)
 {
 
 static void Code4bitAnswerAsTag(uint8_t cmd)
 {


@@ -821,8 +803,10 @@ static void Code4bitAnswerAsTag(uint8_t cmd)
        for(i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                if(b & 1) {
                        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
        for(i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                if(b & 1) {
                        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;

+                       LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * ToSendMax - 4;

                } else {
                        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_E;
                } else {
                        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_E;

+                       LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * ToSendMax;

                }
                b >>= 1;
        }
                }
                b >>= 1;
        }


@@ -830,21 +814,48 @@ static void Code4bitAnswerAsTag(uint8_t cmd)
        // Send stopbit
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_F;
 
        // Send stopbit
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_F;
 

-       // Flush the buffer in FPGA!!
-       for(i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
-               ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_F;
-       }
-

        // Convert from last byte pos to length
        ToSendMax++;
 }
 
        // Convert from last byte pos to length
        ToSendMax++;
 }
 

+
+static uint8_t *LastReaderTraceTime = NULL;
+
+static void EmLogTraceReader(void) {
+       // remember last reader trace start to fix timing info later
+       LastReaderTraceTime = BigBuf_get_addr() + BigBuf_get_traceLen();
+       LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, true);
+}
+
+
+static void FixLastReaderTraceTime(uint32_t tag_StartTime) {
+       uint32_t reader_EndTime = Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG;
+       uint32_t reader_StartTime = Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG;
+       uint16_t reader_modlen = reader_EndTime - reader_StartTime;
+       uint16_t approx_fdt = tag_StartTime - reader_EndTime;
+       uint16_t exact_fdt = (approx_fdt - 20 + 32)/64 * 64 + 20;
+       reader_StartTime = tag_StartTime - exact_fdt - reader_modlen;
+       LastReaderTraceTime[0] = (reader_StartTime >> 0) & 0xff;
+       LastReaderTraceTime[1] = (reader_StartTime >> 8) & 0xff;
+       LastReaderTraceTime[2] = (reader_StartTime >> 16) & 0xff;
+       LastReaderTraceTime[3] = (reader_StartTime >> 24) & 0xff;
+}
+
+       
+static void EmLogTraceTag(uint8_t *tag_data, uint16_t tag_len, uint8_t *tag_Parity, uint32_t ProxToAirDuration) {
+       uint32_t tag_StartTime = LastTimeProxToAirStart*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_TAG;
+       uint32_t tag_EndTime = (LastTimeProxToAirStart + ProxToAirDuration)*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_TAG;
+       LogTrace(tag_data, tag_len, tag_StartTime, tag_EndTime, tag_Parity, false);
+       FixLastReaderTraceTime(tag_StartTime);
+}
+
+

 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Wait for commands from reader
 // Stop when button is pressed
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Wait for commands from reader
 // Stop when button is pressed

-// Or return TRUE when command is captured
+// Or return true when command is captured

 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-static int GetIso14443aCommandFromReader(uint8_t *received, int *len, int maxLen)
+static int GetIso14443aCommandFromReader(uint8_t *received, uint8_t *parity, int *len)

 {
     // Set FPGA mode to "simulated ISO 14443 tag", no modulation (listen
     // only, since we are receiving, not transmitting).
 {
     // Set FPGA mode to "simulated ISO 14443 tag", no modulation (listen
     // only, since we are receiving, not transmitting).


@@ -853,56 +864,37 @@ static int GetIso14443aCommandFromReader(uint8_t *received, int *len, int maxLen
     FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);
 
     // Now run a `software UART' on the stream of incoming samples.
     FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);
 
     // Now run a `software UART' on the stream of incoming samples.

-    Uart.output = received;
-    Uart.byteCntMax = maxLen;
-    Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
+       UartInit(received, parity);
+
+       // clear RXRDY:
+    uint8_t b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;

 
     for(;;) {
         WDT_HIT();
 
 
     for(;;) {
         WDT_HIT();
 

-        if(BUTTON_PRESS()) return FALSE;
-
-        if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
-            AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0x00;
-        }
+        if(BUTTON_PRESS()) return false;
+               

         if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {
         if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {

-            uint8_t b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
-                       if(MillerDecoding((b & 0xf0) >> 4)) {
-                               *len = Uart.byteCnt;
-                               return TRUE;
-                       }
-                       if(MillerDecoding(b & 0x0f)) {
-                               *len = Uart.byteCnt;
-                               return TRUE;
+            b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
+                       if(MillerDecoding(b, 0)) {
+                               *len = Uart.len;
+                               EmLogTraceReader();
+                               return true;

                        }
                        }

-        }
+               }

     }
 }
 
     }
 }
 

-static int EmSendCmd14443aRaw(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, int correctionNeeded);
-int EmSend4bitEx(uint8_t resp, int correctionNeeded);
-int EmSend4bit(uint8_t resp);
-int EmSendCmdExPar(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, int correctionNeeded, uint32_t par);
-int EmSendCmdExPar(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, int correctionNeeded, uint32_t par);
-int EmSendCmdEx(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, int correctionNeeded);
-int EmSendCmd(uint8_t *resp, int respLen);
-int EmSendCmdPar(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, uint32_t par);

 
 

-static uint8_t* free_buffer_pointer = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + FREE_BUFFER_OFFSET);
+static int EmSend4bitEx(uint8_t resp);
+int EmSend4bit(uint8_t resp);
+static int EmSendCmdExPar(uint8_t *resp, uint16_t respLen, uint8_t *par);
+int EmSendCmdEx(uint8_t *resp, uint16_t respLen);
+int EmSendPrecompiledCmd(tag_response_info_t *response_info);

 
 

-typedef struct {
-  uint8_t* response;
-  size_t   response_n;
-  uint8_t* modulation;
-  size_t   modulation_n;
-} tag_response_info_t;
-
-void reset_free_buffer() {
-  free_buffer_pointer = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + FREE_BUFFER_OFFSET);
-}

 
 

-bool prepare_tag_modulation(tag_response_info_t* response_info, size_t max_buffer_size) {
-       // Exmaple response, answer to MIFARE Classic read block will be 16 bytes + 2 CRC = 18 bytes
+static bool prepare_tag_modulation(tag_response_info_t* response_info, size_t max_buffer_size) {
+       // Example response, answer to MIFARE Classic read block will be 16 bytes + 2 CRC = 18 bytes

        // This will need the following byte array for a modulation sequence
        //    144        data bits (18 * 8)
        //     18        parity bits
        // This will need the following byte array for a modulation sequence
        //    144        data bits (18 * 8)
        //     18        parity bits


@@ -912,37 +904,46 @@ bool prepare_tag_modulation(tag_response_info_t* response_info, size_t max_buffe
        // ----------- +
        //    166 bytes, since every bit that needs to be send costs us a byte
        //
        // ----------- +
        //    166 bytes, since every bit that needs to be send costs us a byte
        //

-  
+ 
+ 

   // Prepare the tag modulation bits from the message
   // Prepare the tag modulation bits from the message

-  CodeIso14443aAsTag(response_info->response,response_info->response_n);
+  GetParity(response_info->response, response_info->response_n, &(response_info->par));
+  CodeIso14443aAsTagPar(response_info->response,response_info->response_n, &(response_info->par));

   
   // Make sure we do not exceed the free buffer space
   if (ToSendMax > max_buffer_size) {
     Dbprintf("Out of memory, when modulating bits for tag answer:");
   
   // Make sure we do not exceed the free buffer space
   if (ToSendMax > max_buffer_size) {
     Dbprintf("Out of memory, when modulating bits for tag answer:");

-    Dbhexdump(response_info->response_n,response_info->response,false);
+    Dbhexdump(response_info->response_n, response_info->response, false);

     return false;
   }
   
   // Copy the byte array, used for this modulation to the buffer position
     return false;
   }
   
   // Copy the byte array, used for this modulation to the buffer position

-  memcpy(response_info->modulation,ToSend,ToSendMax);
+  memcpy(response_info->modulation, ToSend, ToSendMax);

   
   

-  // Store the number of bytes that were used for encoding/modulation
+  // Store the number of bytes that were used for encoding/modulation and the time needed to transfer them

   response_info->modulation_n = ToSendMax;
   response_info->modulation_n = ToSendMax;

+  response_info->ProxToAirDuration = LastProxToAirDuration;

   
   return true;
 }
 
   
   return true;
 }
 

-bool prepare_allocated_tag_modulation(tag_response_info_t* response_info) {
-  // Retrieve and store the current buffer index
-  response_info->modulation = free_buffer_pointer;
-  
-  // Determine the maximum size we can use from our buffer
-  size_t max_buffer_size = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf)+FREE_BUFFER_OFFSET+FREE_BUFFER_SIZE)-free_buffer_pointer;
+
+// "precompile" responses. There are 7 predefined responses with a total of 28 bytes data to transmit.
+// Coded responses need one byte per bit to transfer (data, parity, start, stop, correction) 
+// 28 * 8 data bits, 28 * 1 parity bits, 7 start bits, 7 stop bits, 7 correction bits for the modulation
+// -> need 273 bytes buffer
+#define ALLOCATED_TAG_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE 273
+
+bool prepare_allocated_tag_modulation(tag_response_info_t* response_info, uint8_t **buffer, size_t *max_buffer_size) {
+
+  // Retrieve and store the current buffer index
+  response_info->modulation = *buffer;

   
   // Forward the prepare tag modulation function to the inner function
   
   // Forward the prepare tag modulation function to the inner function

-  if (prepare_tag_modulation(response_info,max_buffer_size)) {
-    // Update the free buffer offset
-    free_buffer_pointer += ToSendMax;
+  if (prepare_tag_modulation(response_info, *max_buffer_size)) {
+    // Update the free buffer offset and the remaining buffer size
+    *buffer += ToSendMax;
+       *max_buffer_size -= ToSendMax;

     return true;
   } else {
     return false;
     return true;
   } else {
     return false;


@@ -955,11 +956,6 @@ bool prepare_allocated_tag_modulation(tag_response_info_t* response_info) {
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int uid_1st, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
 {
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int uid_1st, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
 {

-       // Enable and clear the trace
-       tracing = TRUE;
-       iso14a_clear_trace();
-
-       // This function contains the tag emulation

        uint8_t sak;
 
        // The first response contains the ATQA (note: bytes are transmitted in reverse order).
        uint8_t sak;
 
        // The first response contains the ATQA (note: bytes are transmitted in reverse order).


@@ -990,6 +986,12 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int uid_1st, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                        response1[1] = 0x00;
                        sak = 0x28;
                } break;
                        response1[1] = 0x00;
                        sak = 0x28;
                } break;

+               case 5: { // MIFARE TNP3XXX
+                       // Says: I am a toy
+                       response1[0] = 0x01;
+                       response1[1] = 0x0f;
+                       sak = 0x01;
+               } break;                

                default: {
                        Dbprintf("Error: unkown tagtype (%d)",tagType);
                        return;
                default: {
                        Dbprintf("Error: unkown tagtype (%d)",tagType);
                        return;


@@ -997,10 +999,11 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int uid_1st, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
        }
        
        // The second response contains the (mandatory) first 24 bits of the UID
        }
        
        // The second response contains the (mandatory) first 24 bits of the UID

-       uint8_t response2[5];
+       uint8_t response2[5] = {0x00};

 
        // Check if the uid uses the (optional) part
 
        // Check if the uid uses the (optional) part

-       uint8_t response2a[5];
+       uint8_t response2a[5] = {0x00};
+       

        if (uid_2nd) {
                response2[0] = 0x88;
                num_to_bytes(uid_1st,3,response2+1);
        if (uid_2nd) {
                response2[0] = 0x88;
                num_to_bytes(uid_1st,3,response2+1);


@@ -1021,54 +1024,68 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int uid_1st, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
        response2[4] = response2[0] ^ response2[1] ^ response2[2] ^ response2[3];
 
        // Prepare the mandatory SAK (for 4 and 7 byte UID)
        response2[4] = response2[0] ^ response2[1] ^ response2[2] ^ response2[3];
 
        // Prepare the mandatory SAK (for 4 and 7 byte UID)

-       uint8_t response3[3];
+       uint8_t response3[3]  = {0x00};

        response3[0] = sak;
        ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response3, 1, &response3[1], &response3[2]);
 
        // Prepare the optional second SAK (for 7 byte UID), drop the cascade bit
        response3[0] = sak;
        ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response3, 1, &response3[1], &response3[2]);
 
        // Prepare the optional second SAK (for 7 byte UID), drop the cascade bit

-       uint8_t response3a[3];
+       uint8_t response3a[3]  = {0x00};

        response3a[0] = sak & 0xFB;
        ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response3a, 1, &response3a[1], &response3a[2]);
 
        uint8_t response5[] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }; // Very random tag nonce
        response3a[0] = sak & 0xFB;
        ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response3a, 1, &response3a[1], &response3a[2]);
 
        uint8_t response5[] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }; // Very random tag nonce

-       uint8_t response6[] = { 0x04, 0x58, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00 }; // dummy ATS (pseudo-ATR), answer to RATS
+       uint8_t response6[] = { 0x04, 0x58, 0x80, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00 }; // dummy ATS (pseudo-ATR), answer to RATS: 
+       // Format byte = 0x58: FSCI=0x08 (FSC=256), TA(1) and TC(1) present, 
+       // TA(1) = 0x80: different divisors not supported, DR = 1, DS = 1
+       // TB(1) = not present. Defaults: FWI = 4 (FWT = 256 * 16 * 2^4 * 1/fc = 4833us), SFGI = 0 (SFG = 256 * 16 * 2^0 * 1/fc = 302us)
+       // TC(1) = 0x02: CID supported, NAD not supported

        ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response6, 4, &response6[4], &response6[5]);
 
        ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response6, 4, &response6[4], &response6[5]);
 

-  #define TAG_RESPONSE_COUNT 7
-  tag_response_info_t responses[TAG_RESPONSE_COUNT] = {
-    { .response = response1,  .response_n = sizeof(response1)  },  // Answer to request - respond with card type
-    { .response = response2,  .response_n = sizeof(response2)  },  // Anticollision cascade1 - respond with uid
-    { .response = response2a, .response_n = sizeof(response2a) },  // Anticollision cascade2 - respond with 2nd half of uid if asked
-    { .response = response3,  .response_n = sizeof(response3)  },  // Acknowledge select - cascade 1
-    { .response = response3a, .response_n = sizeof(response3a) },  // Acknowledge select - cascade 2
-    { .response = response5,  .response_n = sizeof(response5)  },  // Authentication answer (random nonce)
-    { .response = response6,  .response_n = sizeof(response6)  },  // dummy ATS (pseudo-ATR), answer to RATS
-  };
-
-  // Allocate 512 bytes for the dynamic modulation, created when the reader querries for it
-  // Such a response is less time critical, so we can prepare them on the fly
-  #define DYNAMIC_RESPONSE_BUFFER_SIZE 64
-  #define DYNAMIC_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE 512
-  uint8_t dynamic_response_buffer[DYNAMIC_RESPONSE_BUFFER_SIZE];
-  uint8_t dynamic_modulation_buffer[DYNAMIC_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE];
-  tag_response_info_t dynamic_response_info = {
-    .response = dynamic_response_buffer,
-    .response_n = 0,
-    .modulation = dynamic_modulation_buffer,
-    .modulation_n = 0
-  };
+       #define TAG_RESPONSE_COUNT 7
+       tag_response_info_t responses[TAG_RESPONSE_COUNT] = {
+               { .response = response1,  .response_n = sizeof(response1)  },  // Answer to request - respond with card type
+               { .response = response2,  .response_n = sizeof(response2)  },  // Anticollision cascade1 - respond with uid
+               { .response = response2a, .response_n = sizeof(response2a) },  // Anticollision cascade2 - respond with 2nd half of uid if asked
+               { .response = response3,  .response_n = sizeof(response3)  },  // Acknowledge select - cascade 1
+               { .response = response3a, .response_n = sizeof(response3a) },  // Acknowledge select - cascade 2
+               { .response = response5,  .response_n = sizeof(response5)  },  // Authentication answer (random nonce)
+               { .response = response6,  .response_n = sizeof(response6)  },  // dummy ATS (pseudo-ATR), answer to RATS
+       };
+
+       // Allocate 512 bytes for the dynamic modulation, created when the reader queries for it
+       // Such a response is less time critical, so we can prepare them on the fly
+       #define DYNAMIC_RESPONSE_BUFFER_SIZE 64
+       #define DYNAMIC_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE 512
+       uint8_t dynamic_response_buffer[DYNAMIC_RESPONSE_BUFFER_SIZE];
+       uint8_t dynamic_modulation_buffer[DYNAMIC_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE];
+       tag_response_info_t dynamic_response_info = {
+               .response = dynamic_response_buffer,
+               .response_n = 0,
+               .modulation = dynamic_modulation_buffer,
+               .modulation_n = 0
+       };

   
   

-  // Reset the offset pointer of the free buffer
-  reset_free_buffer();
-  
-  // Prepare the responses of the anticollision phase
+       // We need to listen to the high-frequency, peak-detected path.
+       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);
+
+       BigBuf_free_keep_EM();
+
+       // allocate buffers:
+       uint8_t *receivedCmd = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_FRAME_SIZE);
+       uint8_t *receivedCmdPar = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_PARITY_SIZE);
+       uint8_t *free_buffer_pointer = BigBuf_malloc(ALLOCATED_TAG_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE);
+       size_t free_buffer_size = ALLOCATED_TAG_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE;
+       // clear trace
+       clear_trace();
+       set_tracing(true);
+
+       // Prepare the responses of the anticollision phase

        // there will be not enough time to do this at the moment the reader sends it REQA
        // there will be not enough time to do this at the moment the reader sends it REQA

-  for (size_t i=0; i<TAG_RESPONSE_COUNT; i++) {
-    prepare_allocated_tag_modulation(&responses[i]);
-  }
+       for (size_t i=0; i<TAG_RESPONSE_COUNT; i++) {
+               prepare_allocated_tag_modulation(&responses[i], &free_buffer_pointer, &free_buffer_size);
+       }

 
 

-       uint8_t *receivedCmd = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + RECV_CMD_OFFSET);
-       int len;
+       int len = 0;

 
        // To control where we are in the protocol
        int order = 0;
 
        // To control where we are in the protocol
        int order = 0;


@@ -1079,30 +1096,19 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int uid_1st, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
        int happened2 = 0;
        int cmdsRecvd = 0;
 
        int happened2 = 0;
        int cmdsRecvd = 0;
 

-       // We need to listen to the high-frequency, peak-detected path.
-       SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_HIPKD);
-       FpgaSetupSsc();
-

        cmdsRecvd = 0;
        cmdsRecvd = 0;

-  tag_response_info_t* p_response;
+       tag_response_info_t* p_response;

 
        LED_A_ON();
        for(;;) {
 
        LED_A_ON();
        for(;;) {

-    // Clean receive command buffer
-    memset(receivedCmd, 0x44, RECV_CMD_SIZE);
-       
-               if(!GetIso14443aCommandFromReader(receivedCmd, &len, RECV_CMD_SIZE)) {
+               // Clean receive command buffer
+               if(!GetIso14443aCommandFromReader(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar, &len)) {

                        DbpString("Button press");
                        break;
                }
                        DbpString("Button press");
                        break;
                }

-    
-               if (tracing) {
-                       LogTrace(receivedCmd,len, 0, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
-               }
-    
-    p_response = NULL;
-    
-               // doob - added loads of debug strings so we can see what the reader is saying to us during the sim as hi14alist is not populated
+
+               p_response = NULL;
+               

                // Okay, look at the command now.
                lastorder = order;
                if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x26) { // Received a REQUEST
                // Okay, look at the command now.
                lastorder = order;
                if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x26) { // Received a REQUEST


@@ -1111,87 +1117,91 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int uid_1st, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                        p_response = &responses[0]; order = 6;
                } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x20 && receivedCmd[0] == 0x93) {   // Received request for UID (cascade 1)
                        p_response = &responses[1]; order = 2;
                        p_response = &responses[0]; order = 6;
                } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x20 && receivedCmd[0] == 0x93) {   // Received request for UID (cascade 1)
                        p_response = &responses[1]; order = 2;

-               } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x20 && receivedCmd[0] == 0x95) { // Received request for UID (cascade 2)
+               } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x20 && receivedCmd[0] == 0x95) {   // Received request for UID (cascade 2)

                        p_response = &responses[2]; order = 20;
                } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 && receivedCmd[0] == 0x93) {   // Received a SELECT (cascade 1)
                        p_response = &responses[3]; order = 3;
                } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 && receivedCmd[0] == 0x95) {   // Received a SELECT (cascade 2)
                        p_response = &responses[4]; order = 30;
                } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x30) {     // Received a (plain) READ
                        p_response = &responses[2]; order = 20;
                } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 && receivedCmd[0] == 0x93) {   // Received a SELECT (cascade 1)
                        p_response = &responses[3]; order = 3;
                } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 && receivedCmd[0] == 0x95) {   // Received a SELECT (cascade 2)
                        p_response = &responses[4]; order = 30;
                } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x30) {     // Received a (plain) READ

-                       EmSendCmdEx(data+(4*receivedCmd[0]),16,false);
-                       Dbprintf("Read request from reader: %x %x",receivedCmd[0],receivedCmd[1]);
+                       EmSendCmdEx(data+(4*receivedCmd[1]),16);
+                       // Dbprintf("Read request from reader: %x %x",receivedCmd[0],receivedCmd[1]);

                        // We already responded, do not send anything with the EmSendCmd14443aRaw() that is called below
                        // We already responded, do not send anything with the EmSendCmd14443aRaw() that is called below

-      p_response = NULL;
+                       p_response = NULL;

                } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x50) {     // Received a HALT
                } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x50) {     // Received a HALT

-//                     DbpString("Reader requested we HALT!:");
-      p_response = NULL;
+                       p_response = NULL;

                } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x60 || receivedCmd[0] == 0x61) {   // Received an authentication request
                        p_response = &responses[5]; order = 7;
                } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0xE0) {     // Received a RATS request
                } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x60 || receivedCmd[0] == 0x61) {   // Received an authentication request
                        p_response = &responses[5]; order = 7;
                } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0xE0) {     // Received a RATS request

-                       p_response = &responses[6]; order = 70;
-               } else if (order == 7 && len ==8) { // Received authentication request
-      uint32_t nr = bytes_to_num(receivedCmd,4);
-      uint32_t ar = bytes_to_num(receivedCmd+4,4);
-      Dbprintf("Auth attempt {nr}{ar}: %08x %08x",nr,ar);
-    } else {
-      // Check for ISO 14443A-4 compliant commands, look at left nibble
-      switch (receivedCmd[0]) {
-
-        case 0x0B:
-        case 0x0A: { // IBlock (command)
-          dynamic_response_info.response[0] = receivedCmd[0];
-          dynamic_response_info.response[1] = 0x00;
-          dynamic_response_info.response[2] = 0x90;
-          dynamic_response_info.response[3] = 0x00;
-          dynamic_response_info.response_n = 4;
-        } break;
-
-        case 0x1A:
-        case 0x1B: { // Chaining command
-          dynamic_response_info.response[0] = 0xaa | ((receivedCmd[0]) & 1);
-          dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
-        } break;
-
-        case 0xaa:
-        case 0xbb: {
-          dynamic_response_info.response[0] = receivedCmd[0] ^ 0x11;
-          dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
-        } break;
-          
-        case 0xBA: { //
-          memcpy(dynamic_response_info.response,"\xAB\x00",2);
-          dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
-        } break;
-
-        case 0xCA:
-        case 0xC2: { // Readers sends deselect command
-          memcpy(dynamic_response_info.response,"\xCA\x00",2);
-          dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
-        } break;
-
-        default: {
-          // Never seen this command before
-          Dbprintf("Received unknown command (len=%d):",len);
-          Dbhexdump(len,receivedCmd,false);
-          // Do not respond
-          dynamic_response_info.response_n = 0;
-        } break;
-      }
+                       if (tagType == 1 || tagType == 2) {     // RATS not supported
+                               EmSend4bit(CARD_NACK_NA);
+                               p_response = NULL;
+                       } else {
+                               p_response = &responses[6]; order = 70;
+                       }
+               } else if (order == 7 && len == 8) { // Received {nr] and {ar} (part of authentication)
+                       uint32_t nr = bytes_to_num(receivedCmd,4);
+                       uint32_t ar = bytes_to_num(receivedCmd+4,4);
+                       Dbprintf("Auth attempt {nr}{ar}: %08x %08x",nr,ar);
+               } else {
+                       // Check for ISO 14443A-4 compliant commands, look at left nibble
+                       switch (receivedCmd[0]) {
+
+                               case 0x0B:
+                               case 0x0A: { // IBlock (command)
+                                 dynamic_response_info.response[0] = receivedCmd[0];
+                                 dynamic_response_info.response[1] = 0x00;
+                                 dynamic_response_info.response[2] = 0x90;
+                                 dynamic_response_info.response[3] = 0x00;
+                                 dynamic_response_info.response_n = 4;
+                               } break;
+
+                               case 0x1A:
+                               case 0x1B: { // Chaining command
+                                 dynamic_response_info.response[0] = 0xaa | ((receivedCmd[0]) & 1);
+                                 dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
+                               } break;
+
+                               case 0xaa:
+                               case 0xbb: {
+                                 dynamic_response_info.response[0] = receivedCmd[0] ^ 0x11;
+                                 dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
+                               } break;
+                                 
+                               case 0xBA: { //
+                                 memcpy(dynamic_response_info.response,"\xAB\x00",2);
+                                 dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
+                               } break;
+
+                               case 0xCA:
+                               case 0xC2: { // Readers sends deselect command
+                                 memcpy(dynamic_response_info.response,"\xCA\x00",2);
+                                 dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
+                               } break;
+
+                               default: {
+                                       // Never seen this command before
+                                       Dbprintf("Received unknown command (len=%d):",len);
+                                       Dbhexdump(len,receivedCmd,false);
+                                       // Do not respond
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response_n = 0;
+                               } break;
+                       }

       
       

-      if (dynamic_response_info.response_n > 0) {
-        // Copy the CID from the reader query
-        dynamic_response_info.response[1] = receivedCmd[1];
+                       if (dynamic_response_info.response_n > 0) {
+                               // Copy the CID from the reader query
+                               dynamic_response_info.response[1] = receivedCmd[1];

 
 

-        // Add CRC bytes, always used in ISO 14443A-4 compliant cards
-        AppendCrc14443a(dynamic_response_info.response,dynamic_response_info.response_n);
-        dynamic_response_info.response_n += 2;
+                               // Add CRC bytes, always used in ISO 14443A-4 compliant cards
+                               AppendCrc14443a(dynamic_response_info.response,dynamic_response_info.response_n);
+                               dynamic_response_info.response_n += 2;

         
         

-        if (prepare_tag_modulation(&dynamic_response_info,DYNAMIC_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE) == false) {
-          Dbprintf("Error preparing tag response");
-          break;
-        }
-        p_response = &dynamic_response_info;
-      }
+                               if (prepare_tag_modulation(&dynamic_response_info,DYNAMIC_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE) == false) {
+                                       Dbprintf("Error preparing tag response");
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               p_response = &dynamic_response_info;
+                       }

                }
 
                // Count number of wakeups received after a halt
                }
 
                // Count number of wakeups received after a halt


@@ -1200,12 +1210,6 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int uid_1st, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                // Count number of other messages after a halt
                if(order != 6 && lastorder == 5) { happened2++; }
 
                // Count number of other messages after a halt
                if(order != 6 && lastorder == 5) { happened2++; }
 

-               // Look at last parity bit to determine timing of answer
-               if((Uart.parityBits & 0x01) || receivedCmd[0] == 0x52) {
-                       // 1236, so correction bit needed
-                       //i = 0;
-               }
-

                if(cmdsRecvd > 999) {
                        DbpString("1000 commands later...");
                        break;
                if(cmdsRecvd > 999) {
                        DbpString("1000 commands later...");
                        break;


@@ -1213,25 +1217,24 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int uid_1st, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                cmdsRecvd++;
 
                if (p_response != NULL) {
                cmdsRecvd++;
 
                if (p_response != NULL) {

-      EmSendCmd14443aRaw(p_response->modulation, p_response->modulation_n, receivedCmd[0] == 0x52);
-      if (tracing) {
-        LogTrace(p_response->response,p_response->response_n,0,SwapBits(GetParity(p_response->response,p_response->response_n),p_response->response_n),FALSE);
-        if(traceLen > TRACE_SIZE) {
-          DbpString("Trace full");
-//          break;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
+                       EmSendPrecompiledCmd(p_response);
+               }
+               
+               if (!tracing) {
+                       Dbprintf("Trace Full. Simulation stopped.");
+                       break;
+               }
+       }

 
        Dbprintf("%x %x %x", happened, happened2, cmdsRecvd);
        LED_A_OFF();
 
        Dbprintf("%x %x %x", happened, happened2, cmdsRecvd);
        LED_A_OFF();

+       BigBuf_free_keep_EM();

 }
 
 
 // prepare a delayed transfer. This simply shifts ToSend[] by a number
 // of bits specified in the delay parameter.
 }
 
 
 // prepare a delayed transfer. This simply shifts ToSend[] by a number
 // of bits specified in the delay parameter.

-void PrepareDelayedTransfer(uint16_t delay)
+static void PrepareDelayedTransfer(uint16_t delay)

 {
        uint8_t bitmask = 0;
        uint8_t bits_to_shift = 0;
 {
        uint8_t bitmask = 0;
        uint8_t bits_to_shift = 0;


@@ -1242,7 +1245,7 @@ void PrepareDelayedTransfer(uint16_t delay)
                for (uint16_t i = 0; i < delay; i++) {
                        bitmask |= (0x01 << i);
                }
                for (uint16_t i = 0; i < delay; i++) {
                        bitmask |= (0x01 << i);
                }

-               ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0x00;
+               ToSend[ToSendMax++] = 0x00;

                for (uint16_t i = 0; i < ToSendMax; i++) {
                        bits_to_shift = ToSend[i] & bitmask;
                        ToSend[i] = ToSend[i] >> delay;
                for (uint16_t i = 0; i < ToSendMax; i++) {
                        bits_to_shift = ToSend[i] & bitmask;
                        ToSend[i] = ToSend[i] >> delay;


@@ -1252,38 +1255,41 @@ void PrepareDelayedTransfer(uint16_t delay)
        }
 }
 
        }
 }
 

-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 // Transmit the command (to the tag) that was placed in ToSend[].
 // Parameter timing:
 // Transmit the command (to the tag) that was placed in ToSend[].
 // Parameter timing:

-// if NULL: ignored
-// if == 0:    return time of transfer
+// if NULL: transfer at next possible time, taking into account
+//                     request guard time, startup frame guard time and frame delay time
+// if == 0:    transfer immediately and return time of transfer

 // if != 0: delay transfer until time specified
 // if != 0: delay transfer until time specified

-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-static void TransmitFor14443a(const uint8_t *cmd, int len, uint32_t *timing)
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void TransmitFor14443a(const uint8_t *cmd, uint16_t len, uint32_t *timing)

 {
 {

-       int c;
-
+       

        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);
 
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);
 

+       uint32_t ThisTransferTime = 0;

 
        if (timing) {
                if(*timing == 0) {                                                                              // Measure time
 
        if (timing) {
                if(*timing == 0) {                                                                              // Measure time

-                       *timing = (GetCountMifare() + 8) & 0xfffffff8;
+                       *timing = (GetCountSspClk() + 8) & 0xfffffff8;

                } else {
                        PrepareDelayedTransfer(*timing & 0x00000007);           // Delay transfer (fine tuning - up to 7 MF clock ticks)
                }
                } else {
                        PrepareDelayedTransfer(*timing & 0x00000007);           // Delay transfer (fine tuning - up to 7 MF clock ticks)
                }

-               if(MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4 && GetCountMifare() >= (*timing & 0xfffffff8)) Dbprintf("TransmitFor14443a: Missed timing");
-               while(GetCountMifare() < (*timing & 0xfffffff8));               // Delay transfer (multiple of 8 MF clock ticks)
-       }
-
-       for(c = 0; c < 10;) {   // standard delay for each transfer (allow tag to be ready after last transmission?)
-               if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
-                       AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0x00; 
-                       c++;
-               }
+               if(MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4 && GetCountSspClk() >= (*timing & 0xfffffff8)) Dbprintf("TransmitFor14443a: Missed timing");
+               while(GetCountSspClk() < (*timing & 0xfffffff8));               // Delay transfer (multiple of 8 MF clock ticks)
+               LastTimeProxToAirStart = *timing;
+       } else {
+               ThisTransferTime = ((MAX(NextTransferTime, GetCountSspClk()) & 0xfffffff8) + 8);
+               while(GetCountSspClk() < ThisTransferTime);
+               LastTimeProxToAirStart = ThisTransferTime;

        }
        
        }
        

-       c = 0;
+       // clear TXRDY
+       AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = SEC_Y;
+
+       uint16_t c = 0;

        for(;;) {
                if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
                        AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = cmd[c];
        for(;;) {
                if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
                        AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = cmd[c];


@@ -1293,104 +1299,99 @@ static void TransmitFor14443a(const uint8_t *cmd, int len, uint32_t *timing)
                        }
                }
        }
                        }
                }
        }

-
+       
+       NextTransferTime = MAX(NextTransferTime, LastTimeProxToAirStart + REQUEST_GUARD_TIME);

 }
 
 }
 

+

 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Prepare reader command (in bits, support short frames) to send to FPGA
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Prepare reader command (in bits, support short frames) to send to FPGA
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-void CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(const uint8_t * cmd, int bits, uint32_t dwParity)
+static void CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(const uint8_t *cmd, uint16_t bits, const uint8_t *parity)

 {
 {

-  int i, j;
-  int last;
-  uint8_t b;
-
-  ToSendReset();
-
-  // Start of Communication (Seq. Z)
-  ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Z;
-  last = 0;
-
-  size_t bytecount = nbytes(bits);
-  // Generate send structure for the data bits
-  for (i = 0; i < bytecount; i++) {
-    // Get the current byte to send
-    b = cmd[i];
-    size_t bitsleft = MIN((bits-(i*8)),8);
-
-    for (j = 0; j < bitsleft; j++) {
-      if (b & 1) {
-        // Sequence X
-         ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_X;
-        last = 1;
-      } else {
-        if (last == 0) {
-          // Sequence Z
-               ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Z;
-        } else {
-          // Sequence Y
-               ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
-          last = 0;
-        }
-      }
-      b >>= 1;
-    }
+       int i, j;
+       int last;
+       uint8_t b;

 
 

-    // Only transmit (last) parity bit if we transmitted a complete byte
-    if (j == 8) {
-      // Get the parity bit
-      if ((dwParity >> i) & 0x01) {
-        // Sequence X
-        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_X;
-        last = 1;
-      } else {
-        if (last == 0) {
-          // Sequence Z
-          ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Z;
-        } else {
-          // Sequence Y
-          ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
-          last = 0;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
+       ToSendReset();

 
 

-  // End of Communication
-  if (last == 0) {
-    // Sequence Z
-         ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Z;
-  } else {
-    // Sequence Y
-         ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
-    last = 0;
-  }
-  // Sequence Y
-  ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
+       // Start of Communication (Seq. Z)
+       ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Z;
+       LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * (ToSendMax+1) - 6;
+       last = 0;
+
+       size_t bytecount = nbytes(bits);
+       // Generate send structure for the data bits
+       for (i = 0; i < bytecount; i++) {
+               // Get the current byte to send
+               b = cmd[i];
+               size_t bitsleft = MIN((bits-(i*8)),8);
+
+               for (j = 0; j < bitsleft; j++) {
+                       if (b & 1) {
+                               // Sequence X
+                               ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_X;
+                               LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * (ToSendMax+1) - 2;
+                               last = 1;
+                       } else {
+                               if (last == 0) {
+                               // Sequence Z
+                               ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Z;
+                               LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * (ToSendMax+1) - 6;
+                               } else {
+                                       // Sequence Y
+                                       ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
+                                       last = 0;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       b >>= 1;
+               }

 
 

-  // Just to be sure!
-  ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
-  ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
-  ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
+               // Only transmit parity bit if we transmitted a complete byte
+               if (j == 8 && parity != NULL) {
+                       // Get the parity bit
+                       if (parity[i>>3] & (0x80 >> (i&0x0007))) {
+                               // Sequence X
+                               ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_X;
+                               LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * (ToSendMax+1) - 2;
+                               last = 1;
+                       } else {
+                               if (last == 0) {
+                                       // Sequence Z
+                                       ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Z;
+                                       LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * (ToSendMax+1) - 6;
+                               } else {
+                                       // Sequence Y
+                                       ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
+                                       last = 0;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }

 
 

-  // Convert from last character reference to length
-  ToSendMax++;
-}
+       // End of Communication: Logic 0 followed by Sequence Y
+       if (last == 0) {
+               // Sequence Z
+               ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Z;
+               LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * (ToSendMax+1) - 6;
+       } else {
+               // Sequence Y
+               ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
+               last = 0;
+       }
+       ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;

 
 

-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Prepare reader command to send to FPGA
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-void CodeIso14443aAsReaderPar(const uint8_t * cmd, int len, uint32_t dwParity)
-{
-  CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(cmd,len*8,dwParity);
+       // Convert to length of command:
+       ToSendMax++;

 }
 
 }
 

+

 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Wait for commands from reader
 // Stop when button is pressed (return 1) or field was gone (return 2)
 // Or return 0 when command is captured
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Wait for commands from reader
 // Stop when button is pressed (return 1) or field was gone (return 2)
 // Or return 0 when command is captured
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-static int EmGetCmd(uint8_t *received, int *len, int maxLen)
+int EmGetCmd(uint8_t *received, uint16_t *len, uint8_t *parity)

 {
        *len = 0;
 
 {
        *len = 0;
 


@@ -1398,26 +1399,32 @@ static int EmGetCmd(uint8_t *received, int *len, int maxLen)
        int analogCnt = 0;
        int analogAVG = 0;
 
        int analogCnt = 0;
        int analogAVG = 0;
 

-       // Set FPGA mode to "simulated ISO 14443 tag", no modulation (listen
-       // only, since we are receiving, not transmitting).
-       // Signal field is off with the appropriate LED
-       LED_D_OFF();
-       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);
-

        // Set ADC to read field strength
        AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CR = AT91C_ADC_SWRST;
        AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_MR =
        // Set ADC to read field strength
        AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CR = AT91C_ADC_SWRST;
        AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_MR =

-                               ADC_MODE_PRESCALE(32) |
-                               ADC_MODE_STARTUP_TIME(16) |
-                               ADC_MODE_SAMPLE_HOLD_TIME(8);
-       AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CHER = ADC_CHANNEL(ADC_CHAN_HF);
+                               ADC_MODE_PRESCALE(63) |
+                               ADC_MODE_STARTUP_TIME(1) |
+                               ADC_MODE_SAMPLE_HOLD_TIME(15);
+       AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CHER = ADC_CHANNEL(ADC_CHAN_HF_LOW);

        // start ADC
        AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CR = AT91C_ADC_START;
        
        // start ADC
        AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CR = AT91C_ADC_START;
        

-       // Now run a 'software UART' on the stream of incoming samples.
-       Uart.output = received;
-       Uart.byteCntMax = maxLen;
-       Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
+       // Run a 'software UART' on the stream of incoming samples.
+       UartInit(received, parity);
+
+       // Ensure that the FPGA Delay Queue is empty before we switch to TAGSIM_LISTEN
+       do {
+               if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
+                       AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = SEC_F;
+                       uint8_t b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR; (void) b;
+               }
+       } while (GetCountSspClk() < LastTimeProxToAirStart + LastProxToAirDuration + (FpgaSendQueueDelay>>3));
+
+       // Set FPGA mode to "simulated ISO 14443 tag", no modulation (listen
+       // only, since we are receiving, not transmitting).
+       // Signal field is off with the appropriate LED
+       LED_D_OFF();
+       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);

 
        for(;;) {
                WDT_HIT();
 
        for(;;) {
                WDT_HIT();


@@ -1425,12 +1432,12 @@ static int EmGetCmd(uint8_t *received, int *len, int maxLen)
                if (BUTTON_PRESS()) return 1;
 
                // test if the field exists
                if (BUTTON_PRESS()) return 1;
 
                // test if the field exists

-               if (AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_SR & ADC_END_OF_CONVERSION(ADC_CHAN_HF)) {
+               if (AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_SR & ADC_END_OF_CONVERSION(ADC_CHAN_HF_LOW)) {

                        analogCnt++;
                        analogCnt++;

-                       analogAVG += AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CDR[ADC_CHAN_HF];
+                       analogAVG += AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CDR[ADC_CHAN_HF_LOW];

                        AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CR = AT91C_ADC_START;
                        if (analogCnt >= 32) {
                        AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CR = AT91C_ADC_START;
                        if (analogCnt >= 32) {

-                               if ((33000 * (analogAVG / analogCnt) >> 10) < MF_MINFIELDV) {
+                               if ((MAX_ADC_HF_VOLTAGE_LOW * (analogAVG / analogCnt) >> 10) < MF_MINFIELDV) {

                                        vtime = GetTickCount();
                                        if (!timer) timer = vtime;
                                        // 50ms no field --> card to idle state
                                        vtime = GetTickCount();
                                        if (!timer) timer = vtime;
                                        // 50ms no field --> card to idle state


@@ -1441,62 +1448,70 @@ static int EmGetCmd(uint8_t *received, int *len, int maxLen)
                                analogAVG = 0;
                        }
                }
                                analogAVG = 0;
                        }
                }

-               // transmit none
-               if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
-                       AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0x00;
-               }
+

                // receive and test the miller decoding
                // receive and test the miller decoding

-               if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {
-                       volatile uint8_t b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
-                       if(MillerDecoding((b & 0xf0) >> 4)) {
-                               *len = Uart.byteCnt;
-                               if (tracing) LogTrace(received, *len, GetDeltaCountUS(), Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
-                               return 0;
-                       }
-                       if(MillerDecoding(b & 0x0f)) {
-                               *len = Uart.byteCnt;
-                               if (tracing) LogTrace(received, *len, GetDeltaCountUS(), Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
+        if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {
+            uint8_t b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
+                       if(MillerDecoding(b, 0)) {
+                               *len = Uart.len;
+                               EmLogTraceReader();

                                return 0;
                        }
                                return 0;
                        }

-               }
+        }
+

        }
 }
 
        }
 }
 

-static int EmSendCmd14443aRaw(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, int correctionNeeded)
+
+static int EmSendCmd14443aRaw(uint8_t *resp, uint16_t respLen)

 {
 {

-       int i, u = 0;
-       uint8_t b = 0;
+       uint8_t b;
+       uint16_t i = 0;
+       bool correctionNeeded;

 
        // Modulate Manchester
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_MOD);
 
        // Modulate Manchester
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_MOD);

-       AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0x00;
-       FpgaSetupSsc();
-       
-       // include correction bit
-       i = 1;
-       if((Uart.parityBits & 0x01) || correctionNeeded) {
+
+       // include correction bit if necessary
+       if (Uart.bitCount == 7)
+       {
+               // Short tags (7 bits) don't have parity, determine the correct value from MSB
+               correctionNeeded = Uart.output[0] & 0x40;
+       }
+       else
+       {
+               // Look at the last parity bit
+               correctionNeeded = Uart.parity[(Uart.len-1)/8] & (0x80 >> ((Uart.len-1) & 7));
+       }
+
+       if(correctionNeeded) {

                // 1236, so correction bit needed
                i = 0;
                // 1236, so correction bit needed
                i = 0;

+       } else {
+               i = 1;

        }
        }

+
+       // clear receiving shift register and holding register
+       while(!(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY));
+       b = AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR; (void) b;
+       while(!(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY));
+       b = AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR; (void) b;

        
        

+       // wait for the FPGA to signal fdt_indicator == 1 (the FPGA is ready to queue new data in its delay line)
+       for (uint16_t j = 0; j < 5; j++) {      // allow timeout - better late than never
+               while(!(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY));
+               if (AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR) break;
+       }
+
+       LastTimeProxToAirStart = (GetCountSspClk() & 0xfffffff8) + (correctionNeeded?8:0);
+

        // send cycle
        // send cycle

-       for(;;) {
-               if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {
-                       volatile uint8_t b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
-                       (void)b;
-               }
+       for(; i < respLen; ) {

                if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
                if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {

-                       if(i > respLen) {
-                               b = 0xff; // was 0x00
-                               u++;
-                       } else {
-                               b = resp[i];
-                               i++;
-                       }
-                       AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = b;
-
-                       if(u > 4) break;
+                       AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = resp[i++];
+                       FpgaSendQueueDelay = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;

                }
                }

+       

                if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
                        break;
                }
                if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
                        break;
                }


@@ -1505,44 +1520,65 @@ static int EmSendCmd14443aRaw(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, int correctionNeeded)
        return 0;
 }
 
        return 0;
 }
 

-int EmSend4bitEx(uint8_t resp, int correctionNeeded){
-  Code4bitAnswerAsTag(resp);
-       int res = EmSendCmd14443aRaw(ToSend, ToSendMax, correctionNeeded);
-  if (tracing) LogTrace(&resp, 1, GetDeltaCountUS(), GetParity(&resp, 1), FALSE);
+
+static int EmSend4bitEx(uint8_t resp){
+       Code4bitAnswerAsTag(resp);
+       int res = EmSendCmd14443aRaw(ToSend, ToSendMax);
+       // do the tracing for the previous reader request and this tag answer:
+       EmLogTraceTag(&resp, 1, NULL, LastProxToAirDuration);

        return res;
 }
 
        return res;
 }
 

+

 int EmSend4bit(uint8_t resp){
 int EmSend4bit(uint8_t resp){

-       return EmSend4bitEx(resp, 0);
+       return EmSend4bitEx(resp);

 }
 
 }
 

-int EmSendCmdExPar(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, int correctionNeeded, uint32_t par){
-  CodeIso14443aAsTagPar(resp, respLen, par);
-       int res = EmSendCmd14443aRaw(ToSend, ToSendMax, correctionNeeded);
-  if (tracing) LogTrace(resp, respLen, GetDeltaCountUS(), par, FALSE);
+
+static int EmSendCmdExPar(uint8_t *resp, uint16_t respLen, uint8_t *par){
+       CodeIso14443aAsTagPar(resp, respLen, par);
+       int res = EmSendCmd14443aRaw(ToSend, ToSendMax);
+       // do the tracing for the previous reader request and this tag answer:
+       EmLogTraceTag(resp, respLen, par, LastProxToAirDuration);

        return res;
 }
 
        return res;
 }
 

-int EmSendCmdEx(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, int correctionNeeded){
-       return EmSendCmdExPar(resp, respLen, correctionNeeded, GetParity(resp, respLen));
+
+int EmSendCmdEx(uint8_t *resp, uint16_t respLen){
+       uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];
+       GetParity(resp, respLen, par);
+       return EmSendCmdExPar(resp, respLen, par);
+}
+
+
+int EmSendCmd(uint8_t *resp, uint16_t respLen){
+       uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];
+       GetParity(resp, respLen, par);
+       return EmSendCmdExPar(resp, respLen, par);

 }
 
 }
 

-int EmSendCmd(uint8_t *resp, int respLen){
-       return EmSendCmdExPar(resp, respLen, 0, GetParity(resp, respLen));
+
+int EmSendCmdPar(uint8_t *resp, uint16_t respLen, uint8_t *par){
+       return EmSendCmdExPar(resp, respLen, par);

 }
 
 }
 

-int EmSendCmdPar(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, uint32_t par){
-       return EmSendCmdExPar(resp, respLen, 0, par);
+
+int EmSendPrecompiledCmd(tag_response_info_t *response_info) {
+       int ret = EmSendCmd14443aRaw(response_info->modulation, response_info->modulation_n);
+       // do the tracing for the previous reader request and this tag answer:
+       EmLogTraceTag(response_info->response, response_info->response_n, &(response_info->par), response_info->ProxToAirDuration);
+       return ret;

 }
 
 }
 

+

 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Wait a certain time for tag response
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Wait a certain time for tag response

-//  If a response is captured return TRUE
-//  If it takes too long return FALSE
+//  If a response is captured return true
+//  If it takes too long return false

 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-static int GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(uint8_t *receivedResponse, uint16_t offset, int maxLen, int *samples)
+static int GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(uint8_t *receivedResponse, uint8_t *receivedResponsePar, uint16_t offset)

 {
 {

-       int c;
+       uint32_t c;

        
        // Set FPGA mode to "reader listen mode", no modulation (listen
        // only, since we are receiving, not transmitting).
        
        // Set FPGA mode to "reader listen mode", no modulation (listen
        // only, since we are receiving, not transmitting).


@@ -1551,332 +1587,530 @@ static int GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(uint8_t *receivedResponse, uint16_t offset,
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_LISTEN);
        
        // Now get the answer from the card
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_LISTEN);
        
        // Now get the answer from the card

-       Demod.output = receivedResponse;
-       Demod.len = 0;
-       Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
+       DemodInit(receivedResponse, receivedResponsePar);

 
 

-       uint8_t b;
+       // clear RXRDY:
+    uint8_t b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;

 
        c = 0;
        for(;;) {
                WDT_HIT();
 
 
        c = 0;
        for(;;) {
                WDT_HIT();
 

-               // if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
-                       // AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0x00;  // To make use of exact timing of next command from reader!!
-                       // if (elapsed) (*elapsed)++;
-               // }

                if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {
                if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {

-                       if(c < iso14a_timeout) { c++; } else { return FALSE; }

                        b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
                        b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;

-                       if(ManchesterDecoding(b, offset)) {
-                               *samples = Demod.samples;
-                               return TRUE;
+                       if(ManchesterDecoding(b, offset, 0)) {
+                               NextTransferTime = MAX(NextTransferTime, Demod.endTime - (DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER)/16 + FRAME_DELAY_TIME_PICC_TO_PCD);
+                               return true;
+                       } else if (c++ > iso14a_timeout && Demod.state == DEMOD_UNSYNCD) {
+                               return false; 

                        }
                }
        }
 }
 
                        }
                }
        }
 }
 

-void ReaderTransmitBitsPar(uint8_t* frame, int bits, uint32_t par, uint32_t *timing)
-{

 
 

-  CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(frame,bits,par);
+void ReaderTransmitBitsPar(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t bits, uint8_t *par, uint32_t *timing)
+{
+       CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(frame, bits, par);

   
   

-  // Send command to tag
-  TransmitFor14443a(ToSend, ToSendMax, timing);
-  if(trigger)
-       LED_A_ON();
+       // Send command to tag
+       TransmitFor14443a(ToSend, ToSendMax, timing);
+       if(trigger)
+               LED_A_ON();

   
   

-  // Log reader command in trace buffer
-  if (tracing) LogTrace(frame,nbytes(bits),0,par,TRUE);
+       // Log reader command in trace buffer
+       if (tracing) {
+               LogTrace(frame, nbytes(bits), LastTimeProxToAirStart*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER, (LastTimeProxToAirStart + LastProxToAirDuration)*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER, par, true);
+       }

 }
 
 }
 

-void ReaderTransmitPar(uint8_t* frame, int len, uint32_t par, uint32_t *timing)
+
+void ReaderTransmitPar(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t len, uint8_t *par, uint32_t *timing)

 {
 {

-  ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame,len*8,par, timing);
+  ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame, len*8, par, timing);

 }
 
 }
 

-void ReaderTransmitBits(uint8_t* frame, int len, uint32_t *timing)
+
+static void ReaderTransmitBits(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t len, uint32_t *timing)

 {
   // Generate parity and redirect
 {
   // Generate parity and redirect

-  ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame,len,GetParity(frame,len/8), timing);
+  uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];
+  GetParity(frame, len/8, par);
+  ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame, len, par, timing);

 }
 
 }
 

-void ReaderTransmit(uint8_t* frame, int len, uint32_t *timing)
+
+void ReaderTransmit(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t len, uint32_t *timing)

 {
   // Generate parity and redirect
 {
   // Generate parity and redirect

-  ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame,len*8,GetParity(frame,len), timing);
+  uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];
+  GetParity(frame, len, par);
+  ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame, len*8, par, timing);

 }
 
 }
 

-int ReaderReceiveOffset(uint8_t* receivedAnswer, uint16_t offset)
+
+static int ReaderReceiveOffset(uint8_t* receivedAnswer, uint16_t offset, uint8_t *parity)

 {
 {

-       int samples = 0;
-       if (!GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(receivedAnswer,offset,160,&samples)) return FALSE;
-       if (tracing) LogTrace(receivedAnswer,Demod.len,samples,Demod.parityBits,FALSE);
-       if(samples == 0) return FALSE;
+       if (!GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(receivedAnswer, parity, offset)) return false;
+       if (tracing) {
+               LogTrace(receivedAnswer, Demod.len, Demod.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, Demod.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, parity, false);
+       }

        return Demod.len;
 }
 
        return Demod.len;
 }
 

-int ReaderReceive(uint8_t* receivedAnswer)
-{
-       return ReaderReceiveOffset(receivedAnswer, 0);
-}

 
 

-int ReaderReceivePar(uint8_t *receivedAnswer, uint32_t *parptr)
+int ReaderReceive(uint8_t *receivedAnswer, uint8_t *parity)

 {
 {

-       int samples = 0;
-       if (!GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(receivedAnswer,0,160,&samples)) return FALSE;
-       if (tracing) LogTrace(receivedAnswer,Demod.len,samples,Demod.parityBits,FALSE);
-       *parptr = Demod.parityBits;
-       if(samples == 0) return FALSE;
+       if (!GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(receivedAnswer, parity, 0)) return false;
+       if (tracing) {
+               LogTrace(receivedAnswer, Demod.len, Demod.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, Demod.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, parity, false);
+       }

        return Demod.len;
 }
 
        return Demod.len;
 }
 

-/* performs iso14443a anticollision procedure
- * fills the uid pointer unless NULL
- * fills resp_data unless NULL */
-int iso14443a_select_card(byte_t* uid_ptr, iso14a_card_select_t* p_hi14a_card, uint32_t* cuid_ptr) {
-  uint8_t wupa[]       = { 0x52 };  // 0x26 - REQA  0x52 - WAKE-UP
-  uint8_t sel_all[]    = { 0x93,0x20 };
-  uint8_t sel_uid[]    = { 0x93,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00};
-  uint8_t rats[]       = { 0xE0,0x80,0x00,0x00 }; // FSD=256, FSDI=8, CID=0
-  uint8_t* resp = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + FREE_BUFFER_OFFSET);  // was 3560 - tied to other size changes
-  byte_t uid_resp[4];
-  size_t uid_resp_len;
-
-  uint8_t sak = 0x04; // cascade uid
-  int cascade_level = 0;
-  int len;
-        
-  // Broadcast for a card, WUPA (0x52) will force response from all cards in the field
-    ReaderTransmitBitsPar(wupa,7,0, NULL);
-  // Receive the ATQA
-  if(!ReaderReceive(resp)) return 0;
-  // Dbprintf("atqa: %02x %02x",resp[0],resp[1]);
-
-  if(p_hi14a_card) {
-    memcpy(p_hi14a_card->atqa, resp, 2);
-    p_hi14a_card->uidlen = 0;
-    memset(p_hi14a_card->uid,0,10);
-  }

 
 

-  // clear uid
-  if (uid_ptr) {
-    memset(uid_ptr,0,10);
-  }
+static void iso14a_set_ATS_times(uint8_t *ats) {

 
 

-  // OK we will select at least at cascade 1, lets see if first byte of UID was 0x88 in
-  // which case we need to make a cascade 2 request and select - this is a long UID
-  // While the UID is not complete, the 3nd bit (from the right) is set in the SAK.
-  for(; sak & 0x04; cascade_level++) {
-    // SELECT_* (L1: 0x93, L2: 0x95, L3: 0x97)
-    sel_uid[0] = sel_all[0] = 0x93 + cascade_level * 2;
-
-    // SELECT_ALL
-    ReaderTransmit(sel_all,sizeof(sel_all), NULL);
-    if (!ReaderReceive(resp)) return 0;
-
-       if (Demod.collisionPos) {                       // we had a collision and need to construct the UID bit by bit
-               memset(uid_resp, 0, 4);
-               uint16_t uid_resp_bits = 0;
-               uint16_t collision_answer_offset = 0;
-               // anti-collision-loop:
-               while (Demod.collisionPos) {
-                       Dbprintf("Multiple tags detected. Collision after Bit %d", Demod.collisionPos);
-                       for (uint16_t i = collision_answer_offset; i < Demod.collisionPos; i++, uid_resp_bits++) {      // add valid UID bits before collision point
-                               uint16_t UIDbit = (resp[i/8] >> (i % 8)) & 0x01;
-                               uid_resp[uid_resp_bits & 0xf8] |= UIDbit << (uid_resp_bits % 8);
+       uint8_t tb1;
+       uint8_t fwi, sfgi; 
+       uint32_t fwt, sfgt;
+       
+       if (ats[0] > 1) {                                                       // there is a format byte T0
+               if ((ats[1] & 0x20) == 0x20) {                  // there is an interface byte TB(1)
+                       if ((ats[1] & 0x10) == 0x10) {          // there is an interface byte TA(1) preceding TB(1)
+                               tb1 = ats[3];
+                       } else {
+                               tb1 = ats[2];

                        }
                        }

-                       uid_resp[uid_resp_bits/8] |= 1 << (uid_resp_bits % 8);                                  // next time select the card(s) with a 1 in the collision position
-                       uid_resp_bits++;
-                       // construct anticollosion command:
-                       sel_uid[1] = ((2 + uid_resp_bits/8) << 4) | (uid_resp_bits & 0x07);     // length of data in bytes and bits
-                       for (uint16_t i = 0; i <= uid_resp_bits/8; i++) {
-                               sel_uid[2+i] = uid_resp[i];
+                       fwi = (tb1 & 0xf0) >> 4;                        // frame waiting time integer (FWI)
+                       if (fwi != 15) {
+                               fwt = 256 * 16 * (1 << fwi);    // frame waiting time (FWT) in 1/fc
+                               iso14a_set_timeout(fwt/(8*16));
+                       }
+                       sfgi = tb1 & 0x0f;                                      // startup frame guard time integer (SFGI)
+                       if (sfgi != 0 && sfgi != 15) {
+                               sfgt = 256 * 16 * (1 << sfgi);  // startup frame guard time (SFGT) in 1/fc
+                               NextTransferTime = MAX(NextTransferTime, Demod.endTime + (sfgt - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER - DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER)/16);

                        }
                        }

-                       collision_answer_offset = uid_resp_bits%8;
-                       ReaderTransmitBits(sel_uid, 16 + uid_resp_bits, NULL);
-                       if (!ReaderReceiveOffset(resp, collision_answer_offset)) return 0;

                }
                }

-               // finally, add the last bits and BCC of the UID
-               for (uint16_t i = collision_answer_offset; i < (Demod.len-1)*8; i++, uid_resp_bits++) {
-                       uint16_t UIDbit = (resp[i/8] >> (i%8)) & 0x01;
-                       uid_resp[uid_resp_bits/8] |= UIDbit << (uid_resp_bits % 8);
+       }
+}
+
+
+static int GetATQA(uint8_t *resp, uint8_t *resp_par) {
+
+#define WUPA_RETRY_TIMEOUT     10      // 10ms
+       uint8_t wupa[]       = { 0x52 };  // 0x26 - REQA  0x52 - WAKE-UP
+
+       uint32_t save_iso14a_timeout = iso14a_get_timeout();
+       iso14a_set_timeout(1236/(16*8)+1);              // response to WUPA is expected at exactly 1236/fc. No need to wait longer.
+       
+       uint32_t start_time = GetTickCount();
+       int len;
+       
+       // we may need several tries if we did send an unknown command or a wrong authentication before...
+       do {
+               // Broadcast for a card, WUPA (0x52) will force response from all cards in the field
+               ReaderTransmitBitsPar(wupa, 7, NULL, NULL);
+               // Receive the ATQA
+               len = ReaderReceive(resp, resp_par);
+       } while (len == 0 && GetTickCount() <= start_time + WUPA_RETRY_TIMEOUT);
+                       
+       iso14a_set_timeout(save_iso14a_timeout);
+       return len;
+}
+
+
+// performs iso14443a anticollision (optional) and card select procedure
+// fills the uid and cuid pointer unless NULL
+// fills the card info record unless NULL
+// if anticollision is false, then the UID must be provided in uid_ptr[] 
+// and num_cascades must be set (1: 4 Byte UID, 2: 7 Byte UID, 3: 10 Byte UID)
+// requests ATS unless no_rats is true
+int iso14443a_select_card(byte_t *uid_ptr, iso14a_card_select_t *p_hi14a_card, uint32_t *cuid_ptr, bool anticollision, uint8_t num_cascades, bool no_rats) {
+       uint8_t sel_all[]    = { 0x93,0x20 };
+       uint8_t sel_uid[]    = { 0x93,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00};
+       uint8_t rats[]       = { 0xE0,0x80,0x00,0x00 }; // FSD=256, FSDI=8, CID=0
+       uint8_t resp[MAX_FRAME_SIZE]; // theoretically. A usual RATS will be much smaller
+       uint8_t resp_par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];
+       byte_t uid_resp[4];
+       size_t uid_resp_len;
+
+       uint8_t sak = 0x04; // cascade uid
+       int cascade_level = 0;
+       int len;
+
+       // init card struct
+       if(p_hi14a_card) {
+               p_hi14a_card->uidlen = 0;
+               memset(p_hi14a_card->uid, 0, 10);
+               p_hi14a_card->ats_len = 0;
+       }
+
+       if (!GetATQA(resp, resp_par)) {
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       if(p_hi14a_card) {
+               memcpy(p_hi14a_card->atqa, resp, 2);
+       }
+
+       if (anticollision) {
+               // clear uid
+               if (uid_ptr) {
+                       memset(uid_ptr,0,10);

                }
                }

+       }

 
 

-       } else {                // no collision, use the response to SELECT_ALL as current uid
-               memcpy(uid_resp,resp,4);
+       // check for proprietary anticollision:
+       if ((resp[0] & 0x1F) == 0) {
+               return 3;

        }
        }

-       uid_resp_len = 4;
-    //    Dbprintf("uid: %02x %02x %02x %02x",uid_resp[0],uid_resp[1],uid_resp[2],uid_resp[3]);
+       
+       // OK we will select at least at cascade 1, lets see if first byte of UID was 0x88 in
+       // which case we need to make a cascade 2 request and select - this is a long UID
+       // While the UID is not complete, the 3nd bit (from the right) is set in the SAK.
+       for(; sak & 0x04; cascade_level++) {
+               // SELECT_* (L1: 0x93, L2: 0x95, L3: 0x97)
+               sel_uid[0] = sel_all[0] = 0x93 + cascade_level * 2;
+
+               if (anticollision) {
+                       // SELECT_ALL
+                       ReaderTransmit(sel_all, sizeof(sel_all), NULL);
+                       if (!ReaderReceive(resp, resp_par)) return 0;
+
+                       if (Demod.collisionPos) {                       // we had a collision and need to construct the UID bit by bit
+                               memset(uid_resp, 0, 4);
+                               uint16_t uid_resp_bits = 0;
+                               uint16_t collision_answer_offset = 0;
+                               // anti-collision-loop:
+                               while (Demod.collisionPos) {
+                                       Dbprintf("Multiple tags detected. Collision after Bit %d", Demod.collisionPos);
+                                       for (uint16_t i = collision_answer_offset; i < Demod.collisionPos; i++, uid_resp_bits++) {      // add valid UID bits before collision point
+                                               uint16_t UIDbit = (resp[i/8] >> (i % 8)) & 0x01;
+                                               uid_resp[uid_resp_bits / 8] |= UIDbit << (uid_resp_bits % 8);
+                                       }
+                                       uid_resp[uid_resp_bits/8] |= 1 << (uid_resp_bits % 8);                                  // next time select the card(s) with a 1 in the collision position
+                                       uid_resp_bits++;
+                                       // construct anticollosion command:
+                                       sel_uid[1] = ((2 + uid_resp_bits/8) << 4) | (uid_resp_bits & 0x07);     // length of data in bytes and bits
+                                       for (uint16_t i = 0; i <= uid_resp_bits/8; i++) {
+                                               sel_uid[2+i] = uid_resp[i];
+                                       }
+                                       collision_answer_offset = uid_resp_bits%8;
+                                       ReaderTransmitBits(sel_uid, 16 + uid_resp_bits, NULL);
+                                       if (!ReaderReceiveOffset(resp, collision_answer_offset, resp_par)) return 0;
+                               }
+                               // finally, add the last bits and BCC of the UID
+                               for (uint16_t i = collision_answer_offset; i < (Demod.len-1)*8; i++, uid_resp_bits++) {
+                                       uint16_t UIDbit = (resp[i/8] >> (i%8)) & 0x01;
+                                       uid_resp[uid_resp_bits/8] |= UIDbit << (uid_resp_bits % 8);
+                               }

 
 

-    // calculate crypto UID. Always use last 4 Bytes.
-    if(cuid_ptr) {
-        *cuid_ptr = bytes_to_num(uid_resp, 4);
-    }
+                       } else {                // no collision, use the response to SELECT_ALL as current uid
+                               memcpy(uid_resp, resp, 4);
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       if (cascade_level < num_cascades - 1) {
+                               uid_resp[0] = 0x88;
+                               memcpy(uid_resp+1, uid_ptr+cascade_level*3, 3);
+                       } else {
+                               memcpy(uid_resp, uid_ptr+cascade_level*3, 4);
+                       }
+               }
+               uid_resp_len = 4;

 
 

-    // Construct SELECT UID command
-       sel_uid[1] = 0x70;                                                                                                      // transmitting a full UID (1 Byte cmd, 1 Byte NVB, 4 Byte UID, 1 Byte BCC, 2 Bytes CRC)
-    memcpy(sel_uid+2,uid_resp,4);                                                                              // the UID
-       sel_uid[6] = sel_uid[2] ^ sel_uid[3] ^ sel_uid[4] ^ sel_uid[5];         // calculate and add BCC
-    AppendCrc14443a(sel_uid,7);                                                                                        // calculate and add CRC
-    ReaderTransmit(sel_uid,sizeof(sel_uid), NULL);
-
-    // Receive the SAK
-    if (!ReaderReceive(resp)) return 0;
-    sak = resp[0];
-
-    // Test if more parts of the uid are comming
-    if ((sak & 0x04) /* && uid_resp[0] == 0x88 */) {
-      // Remove first byte, 0x88 is not an UID byte, it CT, see page 3 of:
-      // http://www.nxp.com/documents/application_note/AN10927.pdf
-      memcpy(uid_resp, uid_resp + 1, 3);
-      uid_resp_len = 3;
-    }
+               // calculate crypto UID. Always use last 4 Bytes.
+               if(cuid_ptr) {
+                       *cuid_ptr = bytes_to_num(uid_resp, 4);
+               }

 
 

-    if(uid_ptr) {
-      memcpy(uid_ptr + (cascade_level*3), uid_resp, uid_resp_len);
-    }
+               // Construct SELECT UID command
+               sel_uid[1] = 0x70;                                                                                                      // transmitting a full UID (1 Byte cmd, 1 Byte NVB, 4 Byte UID, 1 Byte BCC, 2 Bytes CRC)
+               memcpy(sel_uid+2, uid_resp, 4);                                                                         // the UID received during anticollision, or the provided UID
+               sel_uid[6] = sel_uid[2] ^ sel_uid[3] ^ sel_uid[4] ^ sel_uid[5];         // calculate and add BCC
+               AppendCrc14443a(sel_uid, 7);                                                                            // calculate and add CRC
+               ReaderTransmit(sel_uid, sizeof(sel_uid), NULL);

 
 

-    if(p_hi14a_card) {
-      memcpy(p_hi14a_card->uid + (cascade_level*3), uid_resp, uid_resp_len);
-      p_hi14a_card->uidlen += uid_resp_len;
-    }
-  }
+               // Receive the SAK
+               if (!ReaderReceive(resp, resp_par)) return 0;
+               sak = resp[0];
+       
+               // Test if more parts of the uid are coming
+               if ((sak & 0x04) /* && uid_resp[0] == 0x88 */) {
+                       // Remove first byte, 0x88 is not an UID byte, it CT, see page 3 of:
+                       // http://www.nxp.com/documents/application_note/AN10927.pdf
+                       uid_resp[0] = uid_resp[1];
+                       uid_resp[1] = uid_resp[2];
+                       uid_resp[2] = uid_resp[3]; 
+                       uid_resp_len = 3;
+               }

 
 

-  if(p_hi14a_card) {
-    p_hi14a_card->sak = sak;
-    p_hi14a_card->ats_len = 0;
-  }
+               if(uid_ptr && anticollision) {
+                       memcpy(uid_ptr + (cascade_level*3), uid_resp, uid_resp_len);
+               }

 
 

-  if( (sak & 0x20) == 0) {
-    return 2; // non iso14443a compliant tag
-  }
+               if(p_hi14a_card) {
+                       memcpy(p_hi14a_card->uid + (cascade_level*3), uid_resp, uid_resp_len);
+                       p_hi14a_card->uidlen += uid_resp_len;
+               }
+       }

 
 

-  // Request for answer to select
-  AppendCrc14443a(rats, 2);
-  ReaderTransmit(rats, sizeof(rats), NULL);
+       if(p_hi14a_card) {
+               p_hi14a_card->sak = sak;
+       }

 
 

-  if (!(len = ReaderReceive(resp))) return 0;
+       // PICC compilant with iso14443a-4 ---> (SAK & 0x20 != 0)
+       if( (sak & 0x20) == 0) return 2; 

 
 

-  if(p_hi14a_card) {
-    memcpy(p_hi14a_card->ats, resp, sizeof(p_hi14a_card->ats));
-    p_hi14a_card->ats_len = len;
-  }
+       if (!no_rats) {
+               // Request for answer to select
+               AppendCrc14443a(rats, 2);
+               ReaderTransmit(rats, sizeof(rats), NULL);

 
 

-  // reset the PCB block number
-  iso14_pcb_blocknum = 0;
-  return 1;
+               if (!(len = ReaderReceive(resp, resp_par))) return 0;
+
+               if(p_hi14a_card) {
+                       memcpy(p_hi14a_card->ats, resp, len);
+                       p_hi14a_card->ats_len = len;
+               }
+
+               // reset the PCB block number
+               iso14_pcb_blocknum = 0;
+
+               // set default timeout and delay next transfer based on ATS
+               iso14a_set_ATS_times(resp);
+               
+       }
+       return 1;       

 }
 
 }
 

-void iso14443a_setup() {
-       // Set up the synchronous serial port
-       FpgaSetupSsc();
-       // Start from off (no field generated)
-       // Signal field is off with the appropriate LED
-//     LED_D_OFF();
-//     FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
-       // SpinDelay(50);

 
 

+void iso14443a_setup(uint8_t fpga_minor_mode) {
+       FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_HF);
+       // Set up the synchronous serial port
+       FpgaSetupSsc(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A);
+       // connect Demodulated Signal to ADC:

        SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_HIPKD);
 
        SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_HIPKD);
 

-       // Now give it time to spin up.

        // Signal field is on with the appropriate LED
        // Signal field is on with the appropriate LED

-       LED_D_ON();
-       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);
-       SpinDelay(7); // iso14443-3 specifies 5ms max.
+       if (fpga_minor_mode == FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD
+               || fpga_minor_mode == FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_LISTEN) {
+               LED_D_ON();
+       } else {
+               LED_D_OFF();
+       }
+       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | fpga_minor_mode);

 
 

-       Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
-       iso14a_timeout = 2048; //default
+       // Start the timer
+       StartCountSspClk();
+       
+       DemodReset();
+       UartReset();
+       NextTransferTime = 2*DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER;
+       iso14a_set_timeout(1060); // 10ms default

 }
 
 }
 

-int iso14_apdu(uint8_t * cmd, size_t cmd_len, void * data) {
-       uint8_t real_cmd[cmd_len+4];
-       real_cmd[0] = 0x0a; //I-Block
-       // put block number into the PCB
-       real_cmd[0] |= iso14_pcb_blocknum;
-       real_cmd[1] = 0x00; //CID: 0 //FIXME: allow multiple selected cards
-       memcpy(real_cmd+2, cmd, cmd_len);
-       AppendCrc14443a(real_cmd,cmd_len+2);
+/* Peter Fillmore 2015
+Added card id field to the function
+ info from ISO14443A standard
+b1 = Block Number
+b2 = RFU (always 1)
+b3 = depends on block
+b4 = Card ID following if set to 1
+b5 = depends on block type
+b6 = depends on block type
+b7,b8 = block type.
+Coding of I-BLOCK:
+b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1
+0  0  0  x  x  x  1  x
+b5 = chaining bit
+Coding of R-block:
+b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1
+1  0  1  x  x  0  1  x
+b5 = ACK/NACK
+Coding of S-block:
+b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1
+1  1  x  x  x  0  1  0 
+b5,b6 = 00 - DESELECT
+        11 - WTX 
+*/    
+int iso14_apdu(uint8_t *cmd, uint16_t cmd_len, void *data, uint8_t *res) {
+       uint8_t parity[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];
+       uint8_t real_cmd[cmd_len + 4];
+       
+       if (cmd_len) {
+               // ISO 14443 APDU frame: PCB [CID] [NAD] APDU CRC PCB=0x02
+               real_cmd[0] = 0x02; // bnr,nad,cid,chn=0; i-block(0x00) 
+               // put block number into the PCB
+               real_cmd[0] |= iso14_pcb_blocknum;
+               memcpy(real_cmd + 1, cmd, cmd_len);
+       } else {
+               // R-block. ACK
+               real_cmd[0] = 0xA2; // r-block + ACK    
+               real_cmd[0] |= iso14_pcb_blocknum;
+       }
+       AppendCrc14443a(real_cmd, cmd_len + 1);

  
  

-       ReaderTransmit(real_cmd, cmd_len+4, NULL);
-       size_t len = ReaderReceive(data);
-       uint8_t * data_bytes = (uint8_t *) data;
-       if (!len)
+       ReaderTransmit(real_cmd, cmd_len + 3, NULL);
+
+       size_t len = ReaderReceive(data, parity);
+       uint8_t *data_bytes = (uint8_t *) data;
+
+       if (!len) {

                return 0; //DATA LINK ERROR
                return 0; //DATA LINK ERROR

-       // if we received an I- or R(ACK)-Block with a block number equal to the
-       // current block number, toggle the current block number
-       else if (len >= 4 // PCB+CID+CRC = 4 bytes
+       } else{
+               // S-Block WTX 
+               while((data_bytes[0] & 0xF2) == 0xF2) {
+                       uint32_t save_iso14a_timeout = iso14a_get_timeout();
+                       // temporarily increase timeout
+                       iso14a_set_timeout(MAX((data_bytes[1] & 0x3f) * save_iso14a_timeout, MAX_ISO14A_TIMEOUT));
+                       // Transmit WTX back 
+                       // byte1 - WTXM [1..59]. command FWT=FWT*WTXM
+                       data_bytes[1] = data_bytes[1] & 0x3f; // 2 high bits mandatory set to 0b
+                       // now need to fix CRC.
+                       AppendCrc14443a(data_bytes, len - 2);
+                       // transmit S-Block
+                       ReaderTransmit(data_bytes, len, NULL);
+                       // retrieve the result again (with increased timeout) 
+                       len = ReaderReceive(data, parity);
+                       data_bytes = data;
+                       // restore timeout
+                       iso14a_set_timeout(save_iso14a_timeout);
+               }
+
+               // if we received an I- or R(ACK)-Block with a block number equal to the
+               // current block number, toggle the current block number
+               if (len >= 3 // PCB+CRC = 3 bytes

                 && ((data_bytes[0] & 0xC0) == 0 // I-Block
                     || (data_bytes[0] & 0xD0) == 0x80) // R-Block with ACK bit set to 0
                 && (data_bytes[0] & 0x01) == iso14_pcb_blocknum) // equal block numbers
                 && ((data_bytes[0] & 0xC0) == 0 // I-Block
                     || (data_bytes[0] & 0xD0) == 0x80) // R-Block with ACK bit set to 0
                 && (data_bytes[0] & 0x01) == iso14_pcb_blocknum) // equal block numbers

-       {
-               iso14_pcb_blocknum ^= 1;
-       }
+               {
+                       iso14_pcb_blocknum ^= 1;
+               }
+               
+               // if we received I-block with chaining we need to send ACK and receive another block of data
+               if (res)
+                       *res = data_bytes[0];

 
 

+               // crc check
+               if (len >= 3 && !CheckCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, data_bytes, len)) {
+                       return -1;
+               }
+               
+       }
+       
+       // cut frame byte
+       len -= 1;
+       // memmove(data_bytes, data_bytes + 1, len);
+       for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
+               data_bytes[i] = data_bytes[i + 1];
+       

        return len;
 }
 
        return len;
 }
 

+

 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Read an ISO 14443a tag. Send out commands and store answers.
 //
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Read an ISO 14443a tag. Send out commands and store answers.
 //
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-void ReaderIso14443a(UsbCommand * c)
+void ReaderIso14443a(UsbCommand *c)

 {
        iso14a_command_t param = c->arg[0];
 {
        iso14a_command_t param = c->arg[0];

-       uint8_t * cmd = c->d.asBytes;
-       size_t len = c->arg[1];
-       size_t lenbits = c->arg[2];
+       uint8_t *cmd = c->d.asBytes;
+       size_t len = c->arg[1] & 0xffff;
+       size_t lenbits = c->arg[1] >> 16;
+       uint32_t timeout = c->arg[2];

        uint32_t arg0 = 0;
        uint32_t arg0 = 0;

-       byte_t buf[USB_CMD_DATA_SIZE];
+       byte_t buf[USB_CMD_DATA_SIZE] = {0};
+       uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];
+       bool cantSELECT = false;

   
   

-       if(param & ISO14A_CONNECT) {
-               iso14a_clear_trace();
+       set_tracing(true);
+       
+       if(param & ISO14A_CLEAR_TRACE) {
+               clear_trace();

        }
 
        }
 

-       iso14a_set_tracing(true);
-

        if(param & ISO14A_REQUEST_TRIGGER) {
        if(param & ISO14A_REQUEST_TRIGGER) {

-               iso14a_set_trigger(1);
+               iso14a_set_trigger(true);

        }
 
        if(param & ISO14A_CONNECT) {
        }
 
        if(param & ISO14A_CONNECT) {

-               iso14443a_setup();
+               LED_A_ON();
+               iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_LISTEN);

                if(!(param & ISO14A_NO_SELECT)) {
                        iso14a_card_select_t *card = (iso14a_card_select_t*)buf;
                if(!(param & ISO14A_NO_SELECT)) {
                        iso14a_card_select_t *card = (iso14a_card_select_t*)buf;

-                       arg0 = iso14443a_select_card(NULL,card,NULL);
+                       arg0 = iso14443a_select_card(NULL, card, NULL, true, 0, param & ISO14A_NO_RATS);
+
+                       // if we cant select then we cant send data
+                       if (arg0 != 1 && arg0 != 2) {
+                               // 1 - all is OK with ATS, 2 - without ATS
+                               cantSELECT = true;
+                       }
+                       
+                       LED_B_ON();

                        cmd_send(CMD_ACK,arg0,card->uidlen,0,buf,sizeof(iso14a_card_select_t));
                        cmd_send(CMD_ACK,arg0,card->uidlen,0,buf,sizeof(iso14a_card_select_t));

+                       LED_B_OFF();

                }
        }
 
        if(param & ISO14A_SET_TIMEOUT) {
                }
        }
 
        if(param & ISO14A_SET_TIMEOUT) {

-               iso14a_timeout = c->arg[2];
+               iso14a_set_timeout(timeout);

        }
 
        }
 

-       if(param & ISO14A_SET_TIMEOUT) {
-               iso14a_timeout = c->arg[2];
-       }
-
-       if(param & ISO14A_APDU) {
-               arg0 = iso14_apdu(cmd, len, buf);
-               cmd_send(CMD_ACK,arg0,0,0,buf,sizeof(buf));
+       if(param & ISO14A_APDU && !cantSELECT) {
+               uint8_t res;
+               arg0 = iso14_apdu(cmd, len, buf, &res);
+               LED_B_ON();
+               cmd_send(CMD_ACK, arg0, res, 0, buf, sizeof(buf));
+               LED_B_OFF();

        }
 
        }
 

-       if(param & ISO14A_RAW) {
+       if(param & ISO14A_RAW && !cantSELECT) {

                if(param & ISO14A_APPEND_CRC) {
                if(param & ISO14A_APPEND_CRC) {

-                       AppendCrc14443a(cmd,len);
+                       if(param & ISO14A_TOPAZMODE) {
+                               AppendCrc14443b(cmd,len);
+                       } else {
+                               AppendCrc14443a(cmd,len);
+                       }

                        len += 2;
                        len += 2;

+                       if (lenbits) lenbits += 16;

                }
                }

-               if(lenbits>0) {
-                       ReaderTransmitBitsPar(cmd,lenbits,GetParity(cmd,lenbits/8), NULL);
-               } else {
-                       ReaderTransmit(cmd,len, NULL);
+               if(lenbits>0) {                         // want to send a specific number of bits (e.g. short commands)
+                       if(param & ISO14A_TOPAZMODE) {
+                               int bits_to_send = lenbits;
+                               uint16_t i = 0;
+                               ReaderTransmitBitsPar(&cmd[i++], MIN(bits_to_send, 7), NULL, NULL);             // first byte is always short (7bits) and no parity
+                               bits_to_send -= 7;
+                               while (bits_to_send > 0) {
+                                       ReaderTransmitBitsPar(&cmd[i++], MIN(bits_to_send, 8), NULL, NULL);     // following bytes are 8 bit and no parity
+                                       bits_to_send -= 8;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               GetParity(cmd, lenbits/8, par);
+                               ReaderTransmitBitsPar(cmd, lenbits, par, NULL);                                                 // bytes are 8 bit with odd parity
+                       }
+               } else {                                        // want to send complete bytes only
+                       if(param & ISO14A_TOPAZMODE) {
+                               uint16_t i = 0;
+                               ReaderTransmitBitsPar(&cmd[i++], 7, NULL, NULL);                                                // first byte: 7 bits, no paritiy
+                               while (i < len) {
+                                       ReaderTransmitBitsPar(&cmd[i++], 8, NULL, NULL);                                        // following bytes: 8 bits, no paritiy
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               ReaderTransmit(cmd,len, NULL);                                                                                  // 8 bits, odd parity
+                       }

                }
                }

-               arg0 = ReaderReceive(buf);
+               arg0 = ReaderReceive(buf, par);
+
+               LED_B_ON();

                cmd_send(CMD_ACK,arg0,0,0,buf,sizeof(buf));
                cmd_send(CMD_ACK,arg0,0,0,buf,sizeof(buf));

+               LED_B_OFF();

        }
 
        if(param & ISO14A_REQUEST_TRIGGER) {
        }
 
        if(param & ISO14A_REQUEST_TRIGGER) {

-               iso14a_set_trigger(0);
+               iso14a_set_trigger(false);

        }
 
        if(param & ISO14A_NO_DISCONNECT) {
        }
 
        if(param & ISO14A_NO_DISCONNECT) {


@@ -1891,7 +2125,7 @@ void ReaderIso14443a(UsbCommand * c)
 // Determine the distance between two nonces.
 // Assume that the difference is small, but we don't know which is first.
 // Therefore try in alternating directions.
 // Determine the distance between two nonces.
 // Assume that the difference is small, but we don't know which is first.
 // Therefore try in alternating directions.

-int32_t dist_nt(uint32_t nt1, uint32_t nt2) {
+static int32_t dist_nt(uint32_t nt1, uint32_t nt2) {

 
        uint16_t i;
        uint32_t nttmp1, nttmp2;
 
        uint16_t i;
        uint32_t nttmp1, nttmp2;


@@ -1905,7 +2139,7 @@ int32_t dist_nt(uint32_t nt1, uint32_t nt2) {
                nttmp1 = prng_successor(nttmp1, 1);
                if (nttmp1 == nt2) return i;
                nttmp2 = prng_successor(nttmp2, 1);
                nttmp1 = prng_successor(nttmp1, 1);
                if (nttmp1 == nt2) return i;
                nttmp2 = prng_successor(nttmp2, 1);

-                       if (nttmp2 == nt1) return -i;
+               if (nttmp2 == nt1) return -i;

                }
        
        return(-99999); // either nt1 or nt2 are invalid nonces
                }
        
        return(-99999); // either nt1 or nt2 are invalid nonces


@@ -1925,49 +2159,50 @@ void ReaderMifare(bool first_try)
        uint8_t mf_nr_ar[]   = { 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 };
        static uint8_t mf_nr_ar3;
 
        uint8_t mf_nr_ar[]   = { 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 };
        static uint8_t mf_nr_ar3;
 

-       uint8_t* receivedAnswer = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + FREE_BUFFER_OFFSET);
-       iso14a_clear_trace();
-       tracing = false;
+       uint8_t receivedAnswer[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE];
+       uint8_t receivedAnswerPar[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE];

 
 

-       byte_t nt_diff = 0;
-       byte_t par = 0;
-       //byte_t par_mask = 0xff;
-       static byte_t par_low = 0;
-       bool led_on = TRUE;
-       uint8_t uid[10];
+       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);
+       
+       // free eventually allocated BigBuf memory. We want all for tracing.
+       BigBuf_free();
+       
+       clear_trace();
+       set_tracing(true);
+
+       uint8_t nt_diff = 0;
+       uint8_t par[1] = {0};   // maximum 8 Bytes to be sent here, 1 byte parity is therefore enough
+       static uint8_t par_low = 0;
+       bool led_on = true;
+       uint8_t uid[10]  ={0};

        uint32_t cuid;
 
        uint32_t cuid;
 

-       uint32_t nt, previous_nt;
+       uint32_t nt = 0;
+       uint32_t previous_nt = 0;

        static uint32_t nt_attacked = 0;
        static uint32_t nt_attacked = 0;

-       byte_t par_list[8] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
-       byte_t ks_list[8] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
+       uint8_t par_list[8] = {0x00};
+       uint8_t ks_list[8] = {0x00};

 
 

-       static uint32_t sync_time;
-       static uint32_t sync_cycles;
+       #define PRNG_SEQUENCE_LENGTH  (1 << 16);
+       uint32_t sync_time = GetCountSspClk() & 0xfffffff8;
+       static int32_t sync_cycles;

        int catch_up_cycles = 0;
        int last_catch_up = 0;
        int catch_up_cycles = 0;
        int last_catch_up = 0;

+       uint16_t elapsed_prng_sequences;

        uint16_t consecutive_resyncs = 0;
        int isOK = 0;
 
        uint16_t consecutive_resyncs = 0;
        int isOK = 0;
 

-
-

        if (first_try) { 
        if (first_try) { 

-               StartCountMifare();

                mf_nr_ar3 = 0;
                mf_nr_ar3 = 0;

-               iso14443a_setup();
-               while((GetCountMifare() & 0xffff0000) != 0x10000);              // wait for counter to reset and "warm up" 
-               sync_time = GetCountMifare() & 0xfffffff8;
-               sync_cycles = 65536;                                                                    // theory: Mifare Classic's random generator repeats every 2^16 cycles (and so do the nonces).
+               par[0] = par_low = 0;
+               sync_cycles = PRNG_SEQUENCE_LENGTH;                                                     // theory: Mifare Classic's random generator repeats every 2^16 cycles (and so do the tag nonces).

                nt_attacked = 0;
                nt_attacked = 0;

-               nt = 0;
-               par = 0;

        }
        else {
                // we were unsuccessful on a previous call. Try another READER nonce (first 3 parity bits remain the same)
        }
        else {
                // we were unsuccessful on a previous call. Try another READER nonce (first 3 parity bits remain the same)

-               // nt_attacked = prng_successor(nt_attacked, 1);

                mf_nr_ar3++;
                mf_nr_ar[3] = mf_nr_ar3;
                mf_nr_ar3++;
                mf_nr_ar[3] = mf_nr_ar3;

-               par = par_low;
+               par[0] = par_low;

        }
 
        LED_A_ON();
        }
 
        LED_A_ON();


@@ -1975,38 +2210,87 @@ void ReaderMifare(bool first_try)
        LED_C_OFF();
        
 
        LED_C_OFF();
        
 

-       for(uint16_t i = 0; TRUE; i++) {
+       #define MAX_UNEXPECTED_RANDOM   4               // maximum number of unexpected (i.e. real) random numbers when trying to sync. Then give up.
+       #define MAX_SYNC_TRIES                  32
+       #define SYNC_TIME_BUFFER                16              // if there is only SYNC_TIME_BUFFER left before next planned sync, wait for next PRNG cycle
+       #define NUM_DEBUG_INFOS                 8               // per strategy
+       #define MAX_STRATEGY                    3
+       uint16_t unexpected_random = 0;
+       uint16_t sync_tries = 0;
+       int16_t debug_info_nr = -1;
+       uint16_t strategy = 0;
+       int32_t debug_info[MAX_STRATEGY][NUM_DEBUG_INFOS];
+       uint32_t select_time;
+       uint32_t halt_time;
+       
+       for(uint16_t i = 0; true; i++) {

                
                

+               LED_C_ON();

                WDT_HIT();
 
                // Test if the action was cancelled
                if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
                WDT_HIT();
 
                // Test if the action was cancelled
                if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {

+                       isOK = -1;

                        break;
                }
                
                        break;
                }
                

-               LED_C_ON();
+               if (strategy == 2) {
+                       // test with additional hlt command
+                       halt_time = 0;
+                       int len = mifare_sendcmd_short(NULL, false, 0x50, 0x00, receivedAnswer, receivedAnswerPar, &halt_time);
+                       if (len && MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) {
+                               Dbprintf("Unexpected response of %d bytes to hlt command (additional debugging).", len);
+                       }
+               }

 
 

-               if(!iso14443a_select_card(uid, NULL, &cuid)) {
+               if (strategy == 3) {
+                       // test with FPGA power off/on
+                       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
+                       SpinDelay(200);
+                       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);
+                       SpinDelay(100);
+               }
+               
+               if(!iso14443a_select_card(uid, NULL, &cuid, true, 0, true)) {

                        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   Dbprintf("Mifare: Can't select card");
                        continue;
                }
                        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   Dbprintf("Mifare: Can't select card");
                        continue;
                }

+               select_time = GetCountSspClk();

 
 

-               //keep the card active
-               FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);
-
-               sync_time = (sync_time & 0xfffffff8) + sync_cycles + catch_up_cycles;
-               catch_up_cycles = 0;
+               elapsed_prng_sequences = 1;
+               if (debug_info_nr == -1) {
+                       sync_time = (sync_time & 0xfffffff8) + sync_cycles + catch_up_cycles;
+                       catch_up_cycles = 0;

 
 

-               // if we missed the sync time already, advance to the next nonce repeat
-               while(GetCountMifare() > sync_time) {
-                       sync_time = (sync_time & 0xfffffff8) + sync_cycles;
-               }
+                       // if we missed the sync time already or are about to miss it, advance to the next nonce repeat
+                       while(sync_time < GetCountSspClk() + SYNC_TIME_BUFFER) {
+                               elapsed_prng_sequences++;
+                               sync_time = (sync_time & 0xfffffff8) + sync_cycles;
+                       }

 
 

-               // Transmit MIFARE_CLASSIC_AUTH at synctime. Should result in returning the same tag nonce (== nt_attacked) 
-               ReaderTransmit(mf_auth, sizeof(mf_auth), &sync_time);
+                       // Transmit MIFARE_CLASSIC_AUTH at synctime. Should result in returning the same tag nonce (== nt_attacked) 
+                       ReaderTransmit(mf_auth, sizeof(mf_auth), &sync_time);
+               } else {
+                       // collect some information on tag nonces for debugging:
+                       #define DEBUG_FIXED_SYNC_CYCLES PRNG_SEQUENCE_LENGTH
+                       if (strategy == 0) {
+                               // nonce distances at fixed time after card select:
+                               sync_time = select_time + DEBUG_FIXED_SYNC_CYCLES;
+                       } else if (strategy == 1) {
+                               // nonce distances at fixed time between authentications:
+                               sync_time = sync_time + DEBUG_FIXED_SYNC_CYCLES;
+                       } else if (strategy == 2) {
+                               // nonce distances at fixed time after halt:
+                               sync_time = halt_time + DEBUG_FIXED_SYNC_CYCLES;
+                       } else {
+                               // nonce_distances at fixed time after power on
+                               sync_time = DEBUG_FIXED_SYNC_CYCLES;
+                       }
+                       ReaderTransmit(mf_auth, sizeof(mf_auth), &sync_time);
+               }                       

 
                // Receive the (4 Byte) "random" nonce
 
                // Receive the (4 Byte) "random" nonce

-               if (!ReaderReceive(receivedAnswer)) {
+               if (!ReaderReceive(receivedAnswer, receivedAnswerPar)) {

                        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   Dbprintf("Mifare: Couldn't receive tag nonce");
                        continue;
                  }
                        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   Dbprintf("Mifare: Couldn't receive tag nonce");
                        continue;
                  }


@@ -2021,13 +2305,37 @@ void ReaderMifare(bool first_try)
                        int nt_distance = dist_nt(previous_nt, nt);
                        if (nt_distance == 0) {
                                nt_attacked = nt;
                        int nt_distance = dist_nt(previous_nt, nt);
                        if (nt_distance == 0) {
                                nt_attacked = nt;

-                       }
-                       else {
-                               if (nt_distance == -99999) { // invalid nonce received, try again
-                                       continue;
+                       } else {
+                               if (nt_distance == -99999) { // invalid nonce received
+                                       unexpected_random++;
+                                       if (unexpected_random > MAX_UNEXPECTED_RANDOM) {
+                                               isOK = -3;              // Card has an unpredictable PRNG. Give up      
+                                               break;
+                                       } else {
+                                               continue;               // continue trying...
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               if (++sync_tries > MAX_SYNC_TRIES) {
+                                       if (strategy > MAX_STRATEGY || MF_DBGLEVEL < 3) {
+                                               isOK = -4;                      // Card's PRNG runs at an unexpected frequency or resets unexpectedly
+                                               break;
+                                       } else {                                // continue for a while, just to collect some debug info
+                                               debug_info[strategy][debug_info_nr] = nt_distance;
+                                               debug_info_nr++;
+                                               if (debug_info_nr == NUM_DEBUG_INFOS) {
+                                                       strategy++;
+                                                       debug_info_nr = 0;
+                                               }
+                                               continue;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               sync_cycles = (sync_cycles - nt_distance/elapsed_prng_sequences);
+                               if (sync_cycles <= 0) {
+                                       sync_cycles += PRNG_SEQUENCE_LENGTH;
+                               }
+                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) {
+                                       Dbprintf("calibrating in cycle %d. nt_distance=%d, elapsed_prng_sequences=%d, new sync_cycles: %d\n", i, nt_distance, elapsed_prng_sequences, sync_cycles);

                                }
                                }

-                               sync_cycles = (sync_cycles - nt_distance);
-                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("calibrating in cycle %d. nt_distance=%d, Sync_cycles: %d\n", i, nt_distance, sync_cycles);

                                continue;
                        }
                }
                                continue;
                        }
                }


@@ -2038,6 +2346,7 @@ void ReaderMifare(bool first_try)
                                catch_up_cycles = 0;
                                continue;
                        }
                                catch_up_cycles = 0;
                                continue;
                        }

+                       catch_up_cycles /= elapsed_prng_sequences;

                        if (catch_up_cycles == last_catch_up) {
                                consecutive_resyncs++;
                        }
                        if (catch_up_cycles == last_catch_up) {
                                consecutive_resyncs++;
                        }


@@ -2051,6 +2360,9 @@ void ReaderMifare(bool first_try)
                        else {  
                                sync_cycles = sync_cycles + catch_up_cycles;
                                if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("Lost sync in cycle %d for the fourth time consecutively (nt_distance = %d). Adjusting sync_cycles to %d.\n", i, -catch_up_cycles, sync_cycles);
                        else {  
                                sync_cycles = sync_cycles + catch_up_cycles;
                                if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("Lost sync in cycle %d for the fourth time consecutively (nt_distance = %d). Adjusting sync_cycles to %d.\n", i, -catch_up_cycles, sync_cycles);

+                               last_catch_up = 0;
+                               catch_up_cycles = 0;
+                               consecutive_resyncs = 0;

                        }
                        continue;
                }
                        }
                        continue;
                }


@@ -2058,19 +2370,17 @@ void ReaderMifare(bool first_try)
                consecutive_resyncs = 0;
                
                // Receive answer. This will be a 4 Bit NACK when the 8 parity bits are OK after decoding
                consecutive_resyncs = 0;
                
                // Receive answer. This will be a 4 Bit NACK when the 8 parity bits are OK after decoding

-               if (ReaderReceive(receivedAnswer))
-               {
+               if (ReaderReceive(receivedAnswer, receivedAnswerPar)) {

                        catch_up_cycles = 8;    // the PRNG is delayed by 8 cycles due to the NAC (4Bits = 0x05 encrypted) transfer
        
                        catch_up_cycles = 8;    // the PRNG is delayed by 8 cycles due to the NAC (4Bits = 0x05 encrypted) transfer
        

-                       if (nt_diff == 0)
-                       {
-                               par_low = par & 0x07; // there is no need to check all parities for other nt_diff. Parity Bits for mf_nr_ar[0..2] won't change
+                       if (nt_diff == 0) {
+                               par_low = par[0] & 0xE0; // there is no need to check all parities for other nt_diff. Parity Bits for mf_nr_ar[0..2] won't change

                        }
 
                        led_on = !led_on;
                        if(led_on) LED_B_ON(); else LED_B_OFF();
 
                        }
 
                        led_on = !led_on;
                        if(led_on) LED_B_ON(); else LED_B_OFF();
 

-                       par_list[nt_diff] = par;
+                       par_list[nt_diff] = SwapBits(par[0], 8);

                        ks_list[nt_diff] = receivedAnswer[0] ^ 0x05;
 
                        // Test if the information is complete
                        ks_list[nt_diff] = receivedAnswer[0] ^ 0x05;
 
                        // Test if the information is complete


@@ -2081,558 +2391,51 @@ void ReaderMifare(bool first_try)
 
                        nt_diff = (nt_diff + 1) & 0x07;
                        mf_nr_ar[3] = (mf_nr_ar[3] & 0x1F) | (nt_diff << 5);
 
                        nt_diff = (nt_diff + 1) & 0x07;
                        mf_nr_ar[3] = (mf_nr_ar[3] & 0x1F) | (nt_diff << 5);

-                       par = par_low;
+                       par[0] = par_low;

                } else {
                        if (nt_diff == 0 && first_try)
                        {
                } else {
                        if (nt_diff == 0 && first_try)
                        {

-                               par++;
+                               par[0]++;
+                               if (par[0] == 0x00) {           // tried all 256 possible parities without success. Card doesn't send NACK.
+                                       isOK = -2;
+                                       break;
+                               }

                        } else {
                        } else {

-                               par = (((par >> 3) + 1) << 3) | par_low;
+                               par[0] = ((par[0] & 0x1F) + 1) | par_low;

                        }
                }
        }
 
                        }
                }
        }
 

-       LogTrace((const uint8_t *)&nt, 4, 0, GetParity((const uint8_t *)&nt, 4), TRUE);
-       LogTrace(par_list, 8, 0, GetParity(par_list, 8), TRUE);
-       LogTrace(ks_list, 8, 0, GetParity(ks_list, 8), TRUE);

 
        mf_nr_ar[3] &= 0x1F;
 
        mf_nr_ar[3] &= 0x1F;

+
+       if (isOK == -4) {
+               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) {
+                       for (uint16_t i = 0; i <= MAX_STRATEGY; i++) {
+                               for(uint16_t j = 0; j < NUM_DEBUG_INFOS; j++) {
+                                       Dbprintf("collected debug info[%d][%d] = %d", i, j, debug_info[i][j]);
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }

        
        

-       byte_t buf[28];
+       uint8_t buf[32];

        memcpy(buf + 0,  uid, 4);
        num_to_bytes(nt, 4, buf + 4);
        memcpy(buf + 8,  par_list, 8);
        memcpy(buf + 16, ks_list, 8);
        memcpy(buf + 0,  uid, 4);
        num_to_bytes(nt, 4, buf + 4);
        memcpy(buf + 8,  par_list, 8);
        memcpy(buf + 16, ks_list, 8);

-       memcpy(buf + 24, mf_nr_ar, 4);
+       memcpy(buf + 24, mf_nr_ar, 8);

                
                

-       cmd_send(CMD_ACK,isOK,0,0,buf,28);
+       cmd_send(CMD_ACK, isOK, 0, 0, buf, 32);

 
        // Thats it...
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
        LEDsoff();
 
        // Thats it...
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
        LEDsoff();

-       tracing = TRUE;
-}
-
-/**
-  *MIFARE 1K simulate.
-  *
-  *@param flags :
-  *    FLAG_INTERACTIVE - In interactive mode, we are expected to finish the operation with an ACK
-  * 4B_FLAG_UID_IN_DATA - means that there is a 4-byte UID in the data-section, we're expected to use that
-  * 7B_FLAG_UID_IN_DATA - means that there is a 7-byte UID in the data-section, we're expected to use that
-  *    FLAG_NR_AR_ATTACK  - means we should collect NR_AR responses for bruteforcing later
-  *@param exitAfterNReads, exit simulation after n blocks have been read, 0 is inifite
-  */
-void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *datain)
-{
-       int cardSTATE = MFEMUL_NOFIELD;
-       int _7BUID = 0;
-       int vHf = 0;    // in mV
-       int res;
-       uint32_t selTimer = 0;
-       uint32_t authTimer = 0;
-       uint32_t par = 0;
-       int len = 0;
-       uint8_t cardWRBL = 0;
-       uint8_t cardAUTHSC = 0;
-       uint8_t cardAUTHKEY = 0xff;  // no authentication
-       uint32_t cardRr = 0;
-       uint32_t cuid = 0;
-       //uint32_t rn_enc = 0;
-       uint32_t ans = 0;
-       uint32_t cardINTREG = 0;
-       uint8_t cardINTBLOCK = 0;
-       struct Crypto1State mpcs = {0, 0};
-       struct Crypto1State *pcs;
-       pcs = &mpcs;
-       uint32_t numReads = 0;//Counts numer of times reader read a block
-       uint8_t* receivedCmd = eml_get_bigbufptr_recbuf();
-       uint8_t *response = eml_get_bigbufptr_sendbuf();
-       
-       uint8_t rATQA[] = {0x04, 0x00}; // Mifare classic 1k 4BUID
-       uint8_t rUIDBCC1[] = {0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xaf, 0x62};
-       uint8_t rUIDBCC2[] = {0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xaf, 0x62}; // !!!
-       uint8_t rSAK[] = {0x08, 0xb6, 0xdd};
-       uint8_t rSAK1[] = {0x04, 0xda, 0x17};
-
-       uint8_t rAUTH_NT[] = {0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04};
-       uint8_t rAUTH_AT[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
-
-       //Here, we collect UID,NT,AR,NR,UID2,NT2,AR2,NR2
-       // This can be used in a reader-only attack.
-       // (it can also be retrieved via 'hf 14a list', but hey...
-       uint32_t ar_nr_responses[] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
-       uint8_t ar_nr_collected = 0;

 
 

-       // clear trace
-       iso14a_clear_trace();
-
-       tracing = true;
-
-  // Authenticate response - nonce
-       uint32_t nonce = bytes_to_num(rAUTH_NT, 4);
-
-       //-- Determine the UID
-       // Can be set from emulator memory, incoming data
-       // and can be 7 or 4 bytes long
-       if(flags & FLAG_4B_UID_IN_DATA)
-       {
-               // 4B uid comes from data-portion of packet
-               memcpy(rUIDBCC1,datain,4);
-               rUIDBCC1[4] = rUIDBCC1[0] ^ rUIDBCC1[1] ^ rUIDBCC1[2] ^ rUIDBCC1[3];
-
-       }else if(flags & FLAG_7B_UID_IN_DATA)
-       {
-               // 7B uid comes from data-portion of packet
-               memcpy(&rUIDBCC1[1],datain,3);
-               memcpy(rUIDBCC2, datain+3, 4);
-               _7BUID = true;
-       }
-       else
-       {
-               // get UID from emul memory
-               emlGetMemBt(receivedCmd, 7, 1);
-               _7BUID = !(receivedCmd[0] == 0x00);
-               if (!_7BUID) {                     // ---------- 4BUID
-                       emlGetMemBt(rUIDBCC1, 0, 4);
-               } else {                           // ---------- 7BUID
-                       emlGetMemBt(&rUIDBCC1[1], 0, 3);
-                       emlGetMemBt(rUIDBCC2, 3, 4);
-               }
-       }
-       /*
-        * Regardless of what method was used to set the UID, set fifth byte and modify
-        * the ATQA for 4 or 7-byte UID
-        */
-
-       rUIDBCC1[4] = rUIDBCC1[0] ^ rUIDBCC1[1] ^ rUIDBCC1[2] ^ rUIDBCC1[3];
-       if(_7BUID)
-       {
-               rATQA[0] = 0x44;
-               rUIDBCC1[0] = 0x88;
-               rUIDBCC2[4] = rUIDBCC2[0] ^ rUIDBCC2[1] ^ rUIDBCC2[2] ^ rUIDBCC2[3];
-       }
-
-       // start mkseconds counter
-       StartCountUS();
-
-       // We need to listen to the high-frequency, peak-detected path.
-       SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_HIPKD);
-       FpgaSetupSsc();
-
-       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);
-       SpinDelay(200);
-
-       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   {
-               if (!_7BUID) {
-                       Dbprintf("4B UID: %02x%02x%02x%02x",rUIDBCC1[0] , rUIDBCC1[1] , rUIDBCC1[2] , rUIDBCC1[3]);
-               }else
-               {
-                       Dbprintf("7B UID: (%02x)%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x",rUIDBCC1[0] , rUIDBCC1[1] , rUIDBCC1[2] , rUIDBCC1[3],rUIDBCC2[0],rUIDBCC2[1] ,rUIDBCC2[2] , rUIDBCC2[3]);
-               }
-       }
-       // calibrate mkseconds counter
-       GetDeltaCountUS();
-       bool finished = false;
-       while (!BUTTON_PRESS() && !finished) {
-               WDT_HIT();
-
-               // find reader field
-               // Vref = 3300mV, and an 10:1 voltage divider on the input
-               // can measure voltages up to 33000 mV
-               if (cardSTATE == MFEMUL_NOFIELD) {
-                       vHf = (33000 * AvgAdc(ADC_CHAN_HF)) >> 10;
-                       if (vHf > MF_MINFIELDV) {
-                               cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
-                               LED_A_ON();
-                       }
-               } 
-               if(cardSTATE == MFEMUL_NOFIELD) continue;
-
-               //Now, get data
-
-               res = EmGetCmd(receivedCmd, &len, RECV_CMD_SIZE); // (+ nextCycleTimeout)
-               if (res == 2) { //Field is off!
-                       cardSTATE = MFEMUL_NOFIELD;
-                       LEDsoff();
-                       continue;
-               }else if(res == 1) break;//return value 1 means button press
-
-
-               // REQ or WUP request in ANY state and WUP in HALTED state
-               if (len == 1 && ((receivedCmd[0] == 0x26 && cardSTATE != MFEMUL_HALTED) || receivedCmd[0] == 0x52)) {
-                       selTimer = GetTickCount();
-                       EmSendCmdEx(rATQA, sizeof(rATQA), (receivedCmd[0] == 0x52));
-                       cardSTATE = MFEMUL_SELECT1;
-
-                       // init crypto block
-                       LED_B_OFF();
-                       LED_C_OFF();
-                       crypto1_destroy(pcs);
-                       cardAUTHKEY = 0xff;
-                       continue;
-               }
-
-               switch (cardSTATE) {
-                       case MFEMUL_NOFIELD:
-                       case MFEMUL_HALTED:
-                       case MFEMUL_IDLE:{
-                               break;
-                       }
-                       case MFEMUL_SELECT1:{
-                               // select all
-                               if (len == 2 && (receivedCmd[0] == 0x93 && receivedCmd[1] == 0x20)) {
-                                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)   Dbprintf("SELECT ALL received");
-                                       EmSendCmd(rUIDBCC1, sizeof(rUIDBCC1));
-                                       break;
-                               }
-
-                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4 && len == 9 && receivedCmd[0] == 0x93 && receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 )
-                               {
-                                       Dbprintf("SELECT %02x%02x%02x%02x received",receivedCmd[2],receivedCmd[3],receivedCmd[4],receivedCmd[5]);
-                               }
-                               // select card
-                               if (len == 9 && 
-                                               (receivedCmd[0] == 0x93 && receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 && memcmp(&receivedCmd[2], rUIDBCC1, 4) == 0)) {
-
-                                       if (!_7BUID) 
-                                               EmSendCmd(rSAK, sizeof(rSAK));
-                                       else
-                                               EmSendCmd(rSAK1, sizeof(rSAK1));
-
-                                       cuid = bytes_to_num(rUIDBCC1, 4);
-                                       if (!_7BUID) {
-                                               cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
-                                               LED_B_ON();
-                                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)   Dbprintf("--> WORK. anticol1 time: %d", GetTickCount() - selTimer);
-                                               break;
-                                       } else {
-                                               cardSTATE = MFEMUL_SELECT2;
-                                               break;
-                                       }
-                               }
-                               
-                               break;
-                       }
-                       case MFEMUL_AUTH1:{
-                               if( len != 8)
-                               {
-                                       cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
-                                       break;
-                               }
-                               uint32_t ar = bytes_to_num(receivedCmd, 4);
-                               uint32_t nr= bytes_to_num(&receivedCmd[4], 4);
-
-                               //Collect AR/NR
-                               if(ar_nr_collected < 2){
-                                       if(ar_nr_responses[ar_nr_collected*4+2] != ar)
-                                       {// Avoid duplicates
-                                               ar_nr_collected++;
-                                               ar_nr_responses[ar_nr_collected*4] = cuid;
-                                               ar_nr_responses[ar_nr_collected*4+1] = nonce;
-                                               ar_nr_responses[ar_nr_collected*4+2] = ar;
-                                               ar_nr_responses[ar_nr_collected*4+3] = nr;
-                                       }
-                               }
-
-                               // --- crypto
-                               crypto1_word(pcs, ar , 1);
-                               cardRr = nr ^ crypto1_word(pcs, 0, 0);
-
-                               // test if auth OK
-                               if (cardRr != prng_successor(nonce, 64)){
-                                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2)   Dbprintf("AUTH FAILED. cardRr=%08x, succ=%08x",cardRr, prng_successor(nonce, 64));
-                                       //Shouldn't we respond anything here?
-                                       // Right now, we don't nack or anything, which causes the
-                                       // reader to do a WUPA after a while. /Martin
-                                       cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
-                                       break;
-                               }
-
-                               ans = prng_successor(nonce, 96) ^ crypto1_word(pcs, 0, 0);
-
-                               num_to_bytes(ans, 4, rAUTH_AT);
-                               // --- crypto
-                               EmSendCmd(rAUTH_AT, sizeof(rAUTH_AT));
-                               LED_C_ON();
-                               cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
-                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)   Dbprintf("AUTH COMPLETED. sector=%d, key=%d time=%d", cardAUTHSC, cardAUTHKEY, GetTickCount() - authTimer);
-                               break;
-                       }
-                       case MFEMUL_SELECT2:{
-                               if (!len) break;
-                       
-                               if (len == 2 && (receivedCmd[0] == 0x95 && receivedCmd[1] == 0x20)) {
-                                       EmSendCmd(rUIDBCC2, sizeof(rUIDBCC2));
-                                       break;
-                               }
-
-                               // select 2 card
-                               if (len == 9 && 
-                                               (receivedCmd[0] == 0x95 && receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 && memcmp(&receivedCmd[2], rUIDBCC2, 4) == 0)) {
-                                       EmSendCmd(rSAK, sizeof(rSAK));
-
-                                       cuid = bytes_to_num(rUIDBCC2, 4);
-                                       cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
-                                       LED_B_ON();
-                                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)   Dbprintf("--> WORK. anticol2 time: %d", GetTickCount() - selTimer);
-                                       break;
-                               }
-                               
-                               // i guess there is a command). go into the work state.
-                               if (len != 4) break;
-                               cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
-                               //goto lbWORK;
-                               //intentional fall-through to the next case-stmt
-                       }
-                       case MFEMUL_WORK:{
-                               if (len == 0) break;
-
-                               bool encrypted_data = (cardAUTHKEY != 0xFF) ;
-
-                               if(encrypted_data)
-                               {
-                                       // decrypt seqence
-                                       mf_crypto1_decrypt(pcs, receivedCmd, len);
-                               }
-
-                               if (len == 4 && (receivedCmd[0] == 0x60 || receivedCmd[0] == 0x61)) {
-                                       authTimer = GetTickCount();
-                                       cardAUTHSC = receivedCmd[1] / 4;  // received block num
-                                       cardAUTHKEY = receivedCmd[0] - 0x60;
-                                       crypto1_destroy(pcs);//Added by martin
-                                       crypto1_create(pcs, emlGetKey(cardAUTHSC, cardAUTHKEY));
-
-                                       if (!encrypted_data) { // first authentication
-                                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2) Dbprintf("Reader authenticating for block %d (0x%02x) with key %d",receivedCmd[1] ,receivedCmd[1],cardAUTHKEY  );
-
-                                               crypto1_word(pcs, cuid ^ nonce, 0);//Update crypto state
-                                               num_to_bytes(nonce, 4, rAUTH_AT); // Send nonce
-                                       }
-                                       else{ // nested authentication
-                                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2) Dbprintf("Reader doing nested authentication for block %d (0x%02x) with key %d",receivedCmd[1] ,receivedCmd[1],cardAUTHKEY );
-                                               ans = nonce ^ crypto1_word(pcs, cuid ^ nonce, 0);
-                                               num_to_bytes(ans, 4, rAUTH_AT);
-                                       }
-                                       EmSendCmd(rAUTH_AT, sizeof(rAUTH_AT));
-                                       //Dbprintf("Sending rAUTH %02x%02x%02x%02x", rAUTH_AT[0],rAUTH_AT[1],rAUTH_AT[2],rAUTH_AT[3]);
-                                       cardSTATE = MFEMUL_AUTH1;
-                                       break;
-                               }
-
-                               // rule 13 of 7.5.3. in ISO 14443-4. chaining shall be continued
-                               // BUT... ACK --> NACK
-                               if (len == 1 && receivedCmd[0] == CARD_ACK) {
-                                       EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
-                                       break;
-                               }
-                               
-                               // rule 12 of 7.5.3. in ISO 14443-4. R(NAK) --> R(ACK)
-                               if (len == 1 && receivedCmd[0] == CARD_NACK_NA) {
-                                       EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_ACK));
-                                       break;
-                               }
-                               
-                               if(len != 4) break;
-
-                               if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x30 // read block
-                                               || receivedCmd[0] == 0xA0 // write block
-                                               || receivedCmd[0] == 0xC0
-                                               || receivedCmd[0] == 0xC1
-                                               || receivedCmd[0] == 0xC2 // inc dec restore
-                                               || receivedCmd[0] == 0xB0) // transfer
-                               {
-                                       if (receivedCmd[1] >= 16 * 4)
-                                       {
-
-                                               EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
-                                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2) Dbprintf("Reader tried to operate (0x%02) on out of range block: %d (0x%02x), nacking",receivedCmd[0],receivedCmd[1],receivedCmd[1]);
-                                               break;
-                                       }
-
-                                       if (receivedCmd[1] / 4 != cardAUTHSC)
-                                       {
-                                               EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
-                                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2) Dbprintf("Reader tried to operate (0x%02) on block (0x%02x) not authenticated for (0x%02x), nacking",receivedCmd[0],receivedCmd[1],cardAUTHSC);
-                                               break;
-                                       }
-                               }
-                               // read block
-                               if (receivedCmd[0] == 0x30) {
-                                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2) {
-                                               Dbprintf("Reader reading block %d (0x%02x)",receivedCmd[1],receivedCmd[1]);
-                                       }
-                                       emlGetMem(response, receivedCmd[1], 1);
-                                       AppendCrc14443a(response, 16);
-                                       mf_crypto1_encrypt(pcs, response, 18, &par);
-                                       EmSendCmdPar(response, 18, par);
-                                       numReads++;
-                                       if(exitAfterNReads > 0 && numReads == exitAfterNReads)
-                                       {
-                                               Dbprintf("%d reads done, exiting", numReads);
-                                               finished = true;
-                                       }
-                                       break;
-                               }
-                               // write block
-                               if (receivedCmd[0] == 0xA0) {
-                                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2) Dbprintf("RECV 0xA0 write block %d (%02x)",receivedCmd[1],receivedCmd[1]);
-
-                                       EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_ACK));
-                                       //nextCycleTimeout = 50;
-                                       cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WRITEBL2;
-                                       cardWRBL = receivedCmd[1];
-                                       break;
-                               }                               
-                               // increment, decrement, restore
-                               if (receivedCmd[0] == 0xC0 || receivedCmd[0] == 0xC1 || receivedCmd[0] == 0xC2) {
-                                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2) Dbprintf("RECV 0x%02x inc(0xC1)/dec(0xC0)/restore(0xC2) block %d (%02x)",receivedCmd[0],receivedCmd[1],receivedCmd[1]);
-
-                                       if (emlCheckValBl(receivedCmd[1])) {
-                                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2) Dbprintf("Reader tried to operate on block, but emlCheckValBl failed, nacking");
-                                               EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
-                                               break;
-                                       }
-                                       EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_ACK));
-                                       if (receivedCmd[0] == 0xC1)
-                                               cardSTATE = MFEMUL_INTREG_INC;
-                                       if (receivedCmd[0] == 0xC0)
-                                               cardSTATE = MFEMUL_INTREG_DEC;
-                                       if (receivedCmd[0] == 0xC2)
-                                               cardSTATE = MFEMUL_INTREG_REST;
-                                       cardWRBL = receivedCmd[1];
-
-                                       break;
-                               }
-                               
-                               // transfer
-                               if (receivedCmd[0] == 0xB0) {
-                                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2) Dbprintf("RECV 0x%02x transfer block %d (%02x)",receivedCmd[0],receivedCmd[1],receivedCmd[1]);
-                                       
-                                       if (emlSetValBl(cardINTREG, cardINTBLOCK, receivedCmd[1]))
-                                               EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
-                                       else
-                                               EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_ACK));
-                                               
-                                       break;
-                               }
-
-                               // halt
-                               if (receivedCmd[0] == 0x50 && receivedCmd[1] == 0x00) {
-                                       LED_B_OFF();
-                                       LED_C_OFF();
-                                       cardSTATE = MFEMUL_HALTED;
-                                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)   Dbprintf("--> HALTED. Selected time: %d ms",  GetTickCount() - selTimer);
-                                       break;
-                               }
-                               // RATS
-                               if (receivedCmd[0] == 0xe0) {//RATS
-                                       EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
-                                       break;
-                               }
-
-                               // command not allowed
-                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)   Dbprintf("Received command not allowed, nacking");
-                               EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
-
-                               // case break
-                               break;
-                       }
-                       case MFEMUL_WRITEBL2:{
-                               if (len == 18){
-                                       mf_crypto1_decrypt(pcs, receivedCmd, len);
-                                       emlSetMem(receivedCmd, cardWRBL, 1);
-                                       EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_ACK));
-                                       cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
-                                       break;
-                               } else {
-                                       cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
-                                       break;
-                               }
-                               break;
-                       }
-                       
-                       case MFEMUL_INTREG_INC:{
-                               mf_crypto1_decrypt(pcs, receivedCmd, len);
-                               memcpy(&ans, receivedCmd, 4);
-                               if (emlGetValBl(&cardINTREG, &cardINTBLOCK, cardWRBL)) {
-                                       EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
-                                       cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
-                                       break;
-                               }
-                               cardINTREG = cardINTREG + ans;
-                               cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
-                               break;
-                       }
-                       case MFEMUL_INTREG_DEC:{
-                               mf_crypto1_decrypt(pcs, receivedCmd, len);
-                               memcpy(&ans, receivedCmd, 4);
-                               if (emlGetValBl(&cardINTREG, &cardINTBLOCK, cardWRBL)) {
-                                       EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
-                                       cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
-                                       break;
-                               }
-                               cardINTREG = cardINTREG - ans;
-                               cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
-                               break;
-                       }
-                       case MFEMUL_INTREG_REST:{
-                               mf_crypto1_decrypt(pcs, receivedCmd, len);
-                               memcpy(&ans, receivedCmd, 4);
-                               if (emlGetValBl(&cardINTREG, &cardINTBLOCK, cardWRBL)) {
-                                       EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
-                                       cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
-                                       break;
-                               }
-                               cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
-                               break;
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-
-       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
-       LEDsoff();
-
-       // add trace trailer
-       memset(rAUTH_NT, 0x44, 4);
-       LogTrace(rAUTH_NT, 4, 0, 0, TRUE);
-       if(flags & FLAG_INTERACTIVE)// Interactive mode flag, means we need to send ACK
-       {
-               //May just aswell send the collected ar_nr in the response aswell
-               cmd_send(CMD_ACK,CMD_SIMULATE_MIFARE_CARD,0,0,&ar_nr_responses,ar_nr_collected*4*4);
-       }
-       if(flags & FLAG_NR_AR_ATTACK)
-       {
-               if(ar_nr_collected > 1)
-               {
-                       Dbprintf("Collected two pairs of AR/NR which can be used to extract keys from reader:");
-                       Dbprintf("../tools/mfcrack32 %08x %08x %08x %08x",
-                                        ar_nr_responses[0], // UID
-                                       ar_nr_responses[1], //NT
-                                       ar_nr_responses[2], //AR1
-                                       ar_nr_responses[3], //NR1
-                                       ar_nr_responses[6], //AR2
-                                       ar_nr_responses[7] //NR2
-                                       );
-               }else
-               {
-                       Dbprintf("Failed to obtain two AR/NR pairs!");
-                       if(ar_nr_collected >0)
-                       {
-                               Dbprintf("Only got these: UID=%08d, nonce=%08d, AR1=%08d, NR1=%08d",
-                                               ar_nr_responses[0], // UID
-                                               ar_nr_responses[1], //NT
-                                               ar_nr_responses[2], //AR1
-                                               ar_nr_responses[3] //NR1
-                                               );
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   Dbprintf("Emulator stopped. Tracing: %d  trace length: %d ",    tracing, traceLen);
+       set_tracing(false);

 }
 
 
 }
 
 

-

 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // MIFARE sniffer. 
 // 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // MIFARE sniffer. 
 // 


@@ -2645,85 +2448,88 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffMifare(uint8_t param) {
        // C(red) A(yellow) B(green)
        LEDsoff();
        // init trace buffer
        // C(red) A(yellow) B(green)
        LEDsoff();
        // init trace buffer

-    iso14a_clear_trace();
+       clear_trace();
+       set_tracing(true);

 
        // The command (reader -> tag) that we're receiving.
        // The length of a received command will in most cases be no more than 18 bytes.
        // So 32 should be enough!
 
        // The command (reader -> tag) that we're receiving.
        // The length of a received command will in most cases be no more than 18 bytes.
        // So 32 should be enough!

-       uint8_t *receivedCmd = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + RECV_CMD_OFFSET);
+       uint8_t receivedCmd[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE];
+       uint8_t receivedCmdPar[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE];

        // The response (tag -> reader) that we're receiving.
        // The response (tag -> reader) that we're receiving.

-       uint8_t *receivedResponse = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + RECV_RES_OFFSET);
+       uint8_t receivedResponse[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE];
+       uint8_t receivedResponsePar[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE];

 
 

-       // As we receive stuff, we copy it from receivedCmd or receivedResponse
-       // into trace, along with its length and other annotations.
-       //uint8_t *trace = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;
-       
-       // The DMA buffer, used to stream samples from the FPGA
-       int8_t *dmaBuf = ((int8_t *)BigBuf) + DMA_BUFFER_OFFSET;
-       int8_t *data = dmaBuf;
+       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_SNIFFER);
+
+       // free eventually allocated BigBuf memory
+       BigBuf_free();
+       // allocate the DMA buffer, used to stream samples from the FPGA
+       uint8_t *dmaBuf = BigBuf_malloc(DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
+       uint8_t *data = dmaBuf;
+       uint8_t previous_data = 0;

        int maxDataLen = 0;
        int dataLen = 0;
        int maxDataLen = 0;
        int dataLen = 0;

+       bool ReaderIsActive = false;
+       bool TagIsActive = false;

 
        // Set up the demodulator for tag -> reader responses.
 
        // Set up the demodulator for tag -> reader responses.

-       Demod.output = receivedResponse;
-       Demod.len = 0;
-       Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
+       DemodInit(receivedResponse, receivedResponsePar);

 
        // Set up the demodulator for the reader -> tag commands
 
        // Set up the demodulator for the reader -> tag commands

-       memset(&Uart, 0, sizeof(Uart));
-       Uart.output = receivedCmd;
-       Uart.byteCntMax = 32; // was 100 (greg)//////////////////
-       Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
+       UartInit(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar);

 
        // Setup for the DMA.
 
        // Setup for the DMA.

-       FpgaSetupSsc();
-       FpgaSetupSscDma((uint8_t *)dmaBuf, DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
+       FpgaSetupSscDma((uint8_t *)dmaBuf, DMA_BUFFER_SIZE); // set transfer address and number of bytes. Start transfer.

 
 

-       // And put the FPGA in the appropriate mode
-       // Signal field is off with the appropriate LED

        LED_D_OFF();
        LED_D_OFF();

-       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_SNIFFER);
-       SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_HIPKD);

        
        // init sniffer
        MfSniffInit();
        
        // init sniffer
        MfSniffInit();

-       int sniffCounter = 0;

 
        // And now we loop, receiving samples.
 
        // And now we loop, receiving samples.

-       while(true) {
+       for(uint32_t sniffCounter = 0; true; ) {
+       

                if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
                if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {

-                       DbpString("cancelled by button");
-                       goto done;
+                       DbpString("Canceled by button.");
+                       break;

                }
 
                LED_A_ON();
                WDT_HIT();
                
                }
 
                LED_A_ON();
                WDT_HIT();
                

-               if (++sniffCounter > 65) {
-                       if (MfSniffSend(2000)) {
-                               FpgaEnableSscDma();
+               if ((sniffCounter & 0x0000FFFF) == 0) { // from time to time
+                       // check if a transaction is completed (timeout after 2000ms).
+                       // if yes, stop the DMA transfer and send what we have so far to the client
+                       if (MfSniffSend(2000)) {                        
+                               // Reset everything - we missed some sniffed data anyway while the DMA was stopped
+                               sniffCounter = 0;
+                               data = dmaBuf;
+                               maxDataLen = 0;
+                               ReaderIsActive = false;
+                               TagIsActive = false;
+                               FpgaSetupSscDma((uint8_t *)dmaBuf, DMA_BUFFER_SIZE); // set transfer address and number of bytes. Start transfer.

                        }
                        }

-                       sniffCounter = 0;

                }
                }

-
-               int register readBufDataP = data - dmaBuf;
-               int register dmaBufDataP = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE - AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR;
-               if (readBufDataP <= dmaBufDataP){
-                       dataLen = dmaBufDataP - readBufDataP;
-               } else {
-                       dataLen = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE - readBufDataP + dmaBufDataP + 1;
+               
+               int register readBufDataP = data - dmaBuf;      // number of bytes we have processed so far
+               int register dmaBufDataP = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE - AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR; // number of bytes already transferred
+               if (readBufDataP <= dmaBufDataP){                       // we are processing the same block of data which is currently being transferred
+                       dataLen = dmaBufDataP - readBufDataP;   // number of bytes still to be processed
+               } else {                                                                        
+                       dataLen = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE - readBufDataP + dmaBufDataP; // number of bytes still to be processed

                }
                // test for length of buffer
                }
                // test for length of buffer

-               if(dataLen > maxDataLen) {
-                       maxDataLen = dataLen;
-                       if(dataLen > 400) {
+               if(dataLen > maxDataLen) {                                      // we are more behind than ever...
+                       maxDataLen = dataLen;                                   
+                       if(dataLen > (9 * DMA_BUFFER_SIZE / 10)) {

                                Dbprintf("blew circular buffer! dataLen=0x%x", dataLen);
                                Dbprintf("blew circular buffer! dataLen=0x%x", dataLen);

-                               goto done;
+                               break;

                        }
                }
                if(dataLen < 1) continue;
 
                        }
                }
                if(dataLen < 1) continue;
 

-               // primary buffer was stopped( <-- we lost data!
+               // primary buffer was stopped ( <-- we lost data!

                if (!AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR) {
                        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RPR = (uint32_t) dmaBuf;
                        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
                if (!AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR) {
                        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RPR = (uint32_t) dmaBuf;
                        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;


@@ -2737,44 +2543,56 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffMifare(uint8_t param) {
 
                LED_A_OFF();
                
 
                LED_A_OFF();
                

-               if(MillerDecoding((data[0] & 0xF0) >> 4)) {
-                       LED_C_INV();
-                       // check - if there is a short 7bit request from reader
-                       if (MfSniffLogic(receivedCmd, Uart.byteCnt, Uart.parityBits, Uart.bitCnt, TRUE)) break;
+               if (sniffCounter & 0x01) {

 
 

-                       /* And ready to receive another command. */
-                       Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
-                       
-                       /* And also reset the demod code */
-                       Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
-               }
+                       if(!TagIsActive) {              // no need to try decoding tag data if the reader is sending
+                               uint8_t readerdata = (previous_data & 0xF0) | (*data >> 4);
+                               if(MillerDecoding(readerdata, (sniffCounter-1)*4)) {
+                                       LED_B_ON();
+                                       LED_C_OFF();

 
 

-               if(ManchesterDecoding(data[0], 0)) {
-                       LED_C_INV();
+                                       if (MfSniffLogic(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.parity, Uart.bitCount, true)) break;

 
 

-                       if (MfSniffLogic(receivedResponse, Demod.len, Demod.parityBits, Demod.bitCount, FALSE)) break;
+                                       /* And ready to receive another command. */
+                                       UartInit(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar);
+                                       
+                                       /* And also reset the demod code */
+                                       DemodReset();
+                               }
+                               ReaderIsActive = (Uart.state != STATE_UNSYNCD);
+                       }
+                       
+                       if(!ReaderIsActive) {           // no need to try decoding tag data if the reader is sending
+                               uint8_t tagdata = (previous_data << 4) | (*data & 0x0F);
+                               if(ManchesterDecoding(tagdata, 0, (sniffCounter-1)*4)) {
+                                       LED_B_OFF();
+                                       LED_C_ON();

 
 

-                       // And ready to receive another response.
-                       memset(&Demod, 0, sizeof(Demod));
-                       Demod.output = receivedResponse;
-                       Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
+                                       if (MfSniffLogic(receivedResponse, Demod.len, Demod.parity, Demod.bitCount, false)) break;

 
 

-                       /* And also reset the uart code */
-                       Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
+                                       // And ready to receive another response.
+                                       DemodReset();
+                                       // And reset the Miller decoder including its (now outdated) input buffer
+                                       UartInit(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar);
+                               }
+                               TagIsActive = (Demod.state != DEMOD_UNSYNCD);
+                       }

                }
 
                }
 

+               previous_data = *data;
+               sniffCounter++;

                data++;
                data++;

-               if(data > dmaBuf + DMA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+               if(data == dmaBuf + DMA_BUFFER_SIZE) {

                        data = dmaBuf;
                }
                        data = dmaBuf;
                }

+

        } // main cycle
 
        } // main cycle
 

-       DbpString("COMMAND FINISHED");
+       DbpString("COMMAND FINISHED.");

 
 

-done:

        FpgaDisableSscDma();
        MfSniffEnd();
        
        FpgaDisableSscDma();
        MfSniffEnd();
        

-       Dbprintf("maxDataLen=%x, Uart.state=%x, Uart.byteCnt=%x Uart.byteCntMax=%x", maxDataLen, Uart.state, Uart.byteCnt, Uart.byteCntMax);
+       Dbprintf("maxDataLen=%x, Uart.state=%x, Uart.len=%x", maxDataLen, Uart.state, Uart.len);

        LEDsoff();
 }
        LEDsoff();
 }