X-Git-Url: http://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/proxmark3-svn/blobdiff_plain/09c66f1f09776989fda2d1005a2c9feb1db6b3ac..fb27c733133554aab2888a48bdb58c4502bc8a9b:/armsrc/iso14443b.c

diff --git a/armsrc/iso14443b.c b/armsrc/iso14443b.c
index 4e40bb68..76d7a075 100644
--- a/armsrc/iso14443b.c
+++ b/armsrc/iso14443b.c
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Jonathan Westhues, split Nov 2006
+// piwi 2018
 //
 // This code is licensed to you under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or,
 // at your option, any later version. See the LICENSE.txt file for the text of
 // the license.
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Routines to support ISO 14443. This includes both the reader software and
-// the `fake tag' modes. At the moment only the Type B modulation is
-// supported.
+// Routines to support ISO 14443B. This includes both the reader software and
+// the `fake tag' modes.
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #include "proxmark3.h"
@@ -17,15 +17,11 @@
 
 #include "iso14443crc.h"
 
-//static void GetSamplesFor14443(int weTx, int n);
+#define RECEIVE_SAMPLES_TIMEOUT 1000 // TR0 max is 256/fs = 256/(848kHz) = 302us or 64 samples from FPGA. 1000 seems to be much too high?
+#define ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE 128
 
-/*#define DEMOD_TRACE_SIZE 4096
-#define READER_TAG_BUFFER_SIZE 2048
-#define TAG_READER_BUFFER_SIZE 2048
-#define DEMOD_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE 1024
-*/
-
-#define RECEIVE_SAMPLES_TIMEOUT 2000
+// PCB Block number for APDUs
+static uint8_t pcb_blocknum = 0;
 
 //=============================================================================
 // An ISO 14443 Type B tag. We listen for commands from the reader, using
@@ -104,14 +100,14 @@ static void CodeIso14443bAsTag(const uint8_t *cmd, int len)
 		ToSendStuffBit(1);
 	}
 
-	// Send SOF.
+	// Send EOF.
 	for(i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
 		ToSendStuffBit(0);
 		ToSendStuffBit(0);
 		ToSendStuffBit(0);
 		ToSendStuffBit(0);
 	}
-	for(i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+	for(i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
 		ToSendStuffBit(1);
 		ToSendStuffBit(1);
 		ToSendStuffBit(1);
@@ -120,9 +116,6 @@ static void CodeIso14443bAsTag(const uint8_t *cmd, int len)
 
 	// Convert from last byte pos to length
 	ToSendMax++;
-
-	// Add a few more for slop
-	ToSendMax += 2;
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -134,8 +127,7 @@ static struct {
 		STATE_UNSYNCD,
 		STATE_GOT_FALLING_EDGE_OF_SOF,
 		STATE_AWAITING_START_BIT,
-		STATE_RECEIVING_DATA,
-		STATE_ERROR_WAIT
+		STATE_RECEIVING_DATA
 	}       state;
 	uint16_t    shiftReg;
 	int     bitCnt;
@@ -146,6 +138,9 @@ static struct {
 } Uart;
 
 /* Receive & handle a bit coming from the reader.
+ *
+ * This function is called 4 times per bit (every 2 subcarrier cycles).
+ * Subcarrier frequency fs is 848kHz, 1/fs = 1,18us, i.e. function is called every 2,36us
  *
  * LED handling:
  * LED A -> ON once we have received the SOF and are expecting the rest.
@@ -154,7 +149,7 @@ static struct {
  * Returns: true if we received a EOF
  *          false if we are still waiting for some more
  */
-static int Handle14443UartBit(int bit)
+static RAMFUNC int Handle14443bUartBit(uint8_t bit)
 {
 	switch(Uart.state) {
 		case STATE_UNSYNCD:
@@ -169,9 +164,9 @@ static int Handle14443UartBit(int bit)
 
 		case STATE_GOT_FALLING_EDGE_OF_SOF:
 			Uart.posCnt++;
-			if(Uart.posCnt == 2) {
+			if(Uart.posCnt == 2) {	// sample every 4 1/fs in the middle of a bit
 				if(bit) {
-					if(Uart.bitCnt >= 10) {
+					if(Uart.bitCnt > 9) {
 						// we've seen enough consecutive
 						// zeros that it's a valid SOF
 						Uart.posCnt = 0;
@@ -181,7 +176,7 @@ static int Handle14443UartBit(int bit)
 					} else {
 						// didn't stay down long enough
 						// before going high, error
-						Uart.state = STATE_ERROR_WAIT;
+						Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
 					}
 				} else {
 					// do nothing, keep waiting
@@ -189,20 +184,21 @@ static int Handle14443UartBit(int bit)
 				Uart.bitCnt++;
 			}
 			if(Uart.posCnt >= 4) Uart.posCnt = 0;
-			if(Uart.bitCnt > 14) {
+			if(Uart.bitCnt > 12) {
 				// Give up if we see too many zeros without
 				// a one, too.
-				Uart.state = STATE_ERROR_WAIT;
+				LED_A_OFF();
+				Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
 			}
 			break;
 
 		case STATE_AWAITING_START_BIT:
 			Uart.posCnt++;
 			if(bit) {
-				if(Uart.posCnt > 25) {
+				if(Uart.posCnt > 50/2) {	// max 57us between characters = 49 1/fs, max 3 etus after low phase of SOF = 24 1/fs
 					// stayed high for too long between
 					// characters, error
-					Uart.state = STATE_ERROR_WAIT;
+					Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
 				}
 			} else {
 				// falling edge, this starts the data byte
@@ -236,157 +232,198 @@ static int Handle14443UartBit(int bit)
 
 					if(Uart.byteCnt >= Uart.byteCntMax) {
 						// Buffer overflowed, give up
-						Uart.posCnt = 0;
-						Uart.state = STATE_ERROR_WAIT;
+						LED_A_OFF();
+						Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
 					} else {
 						// so get the next byte now
 						Uart.posCnt = 0;
 						Uart.state = STATE_AWAITING_START_BIT;
 					}
-				} else if(Uart.shiftReg == 0x000) {
+				} else if (Uart.shiftReg == 0x000) {
 					// this is an EOF byte
 					LED_A_OFF(); // Finished receiving
-					return TRUE;
+					Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
+					if (Uart.byteCnt != 0) {
+						return true;
+					}
 				} else {
 					// this is an error
-					Uart.posCnt = 0;
-					Uart.state = STATE_ERROR_WAIT;
+					LED_A_OFF();
+					Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
 				}
 			}
 			break;
 
-		case STATE_ERROR_WAIT:
-			// We're all screwed up, so wait a little while
-			// for whatever went wrong to finish, and then
-			// start over.
-			Uart.posCnt++;
-			if(Uart.posCnt > 10) {
-				Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
-				LED_A_OFF();
-			}
-			break;
-
 		default:
+			LED_A_OFF();
 			Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
 			break;
 	}
 
-	return FALSE;
+	return false;
+}
+
+
+static void UartReset()
+{
+	Uart.byteCntMax = MAX_FRAME_SIZE;
+	Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
+	Uart.byteCnt = 0;
+	Uart.bitCnt = 0;
+}
+
+
+static void UartInit(uint8_t *data)
+{
+	Uart.output = data;
+	UartReset();
 }
 
+
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Receive a command (from the reader to us, where we are the simulated tag),
 // and store it in the given buffer, up to the given maximum length. Keeps
 // spinning, waiting for a well-framed command, until either we get one
-// (returns TRUE) or someone presses the pushbutton on the board (FALSE).
+// (returns true) or someone presses the pushbutton on the board (false).
 //
 // Assume that we're called with the SSC (to the FPGA) and ADC path set
 // correctly.
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-static int GetIso14443CommandFromReader(uint8_t *received, int *len, int maxLen)
+static int GetIso14443bCommandFromReader(uint8_t *received, uint16_t *len)
 {
-	uint8_t mask;
-	int i, bit;
-
-	// Set FPGA mode to "simulated ISO 14443 tag", no modulation (listen
+	// Set FPGA mode to "simulated ISO 14443B tag", no modulation (listen
 	// only, since we are receiving, not transmitting).
 	// Signal field is off with the appropriate LED
 	LED_D_OFF();
 	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_SIMULATOR | FPGA_HF_SIMULATOR_NO_MODULATION);
 
-
 	// Now run a `software UART' on the stream of incoming samples.
-	Uart.output = received;
-	Uart.byteCntMax = maxLen;
-	Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
+	UartInit(received);
 
 	for(;;) {
 		WDT_HIT();
 
-		if(BUTTON_PRESS()) return FALSE;
+		if(BUTTON_PRESS()) return false;
 
-		if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
-			AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0x00;
-		}
 		if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {
 			uint8_t b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
-
-			mask = 0x80;
-			for(i = 0; i < 8; i++, mask >>= 1) {
-				bit = (b & mask);
-				if(Handle14443UartBit(bit)) {
+			for(uint8_t mask = 0x80; mask != 0x00; mask >>= 1) {
+				if(Handle14443bUartBit(b & mask)) {
 					*len = Uart.byteCnt;
-					return TRUE;
+					return true;
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
+
+	return false;
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Main loop of simulated tag: receive commands from reader, decide what
 // response to send, and send it.
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-void SimulateIso14443Tag(void)
+void SimulateIso14443bTag(void)
 {
-	static const uint8_t cmd1[] = { 0x05, 0x00, 0x08, 0x39, 0x73 };
+	// the only commands we understand is WUPB, AFI=0, Select All, N=1:
+	static const uint8_t cmd1[] = { 0x05, 0x00, 0x08, 0x39, 0x73 }; // WUPB
+	// ... and REQB, AFI=0, Normal Request, N=1:
+	static const uint8_t cmd2[] = { 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x71, 0xFF }; // REQB
+	// ... and HLTB
+	static const uint8_t cmd3[] = { 0x50, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff }; // HLTB
+	// ... and ATTRIB
+	static const uint8_t cmd4[] = { 0x1D, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff}; // ATTRIB
+
+	// ... and we always respond with ATQB, PUPI = 820de174, Application Data = 0x20381922,
+	// supports only 106kBit/s in both directions, max frame size = 32Bytes,
+	// supports ISO14443-4, FWI=8 (77ms), NAD supported, CID not supported:
 	static const uint8_t response1[] = {
 		0x50, 0x82, 0x0d, 0xe1, 0x74, 0x20, 0x38, 0x19, 0x22,
 		0x00, 0x21, 0x85, 0x5e, 0xd7
 	};
+	// response to HLTB and ATTRIB
+	static const uint8_t response2[] = {0x00, 0x78, 0xF0};
 
-	uint8_t *resp;
-	int respLen;
 
-	uint8_t *resp1 = BigBuf_get_addr() + 800;
-	int resp1Len;
+	FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_HF);
 
-	uint8_t *receivedCmd = BigBuf_get_addr();
-	int len;
+	clear_trace();
+	set_tracing(true);
 
-	int i;
+	const uint8_t *resp;
+	uint8_t *respCode;
+	uint16_t respLen, respCodeLen;
 
-	int cmdsRecvd = 0;
+	// allocate command receive buffer
+	BigBuf_free();
+	uint8_t *receivedCmd = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_FRAME_SIZE);
 
-	FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_HF);
-	memset(receivedCmd, 0x44, 400);
+	uint16_t len;
+	uint16_t cmdsRecvd = 0;
 
+	// prepare the (only one) tag answer:
 	CodeIso14443bAsTag(response1, sizeof(response1));
-	memcpy(resp1, ToSend, ToSendMax); resp1Len = ToSendMax;
+	uint8_t *resp1Code = BigBuf_malloc(ToSendMax);
+	memcpy(resp1Code, ToSend, ToSendMax);
+	uint16_t resp1CodeLen = ToSendMax;
+
+	// prepare the (other) tag answer:
+	CodeIso14443bAsTag(response2, sizeof(response2));
+	uint8_t *resp2Code = BigBuf_malloc(ToSendMax);
+	memcpy(resp2Code, ToSend, ToSendMax);
+	uint16_t resp2CodeLen = ToSendMax;
 
 	// We need to listen to the high-frequency, peak-detected path.
 	SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_HIPKD);
-	FpgaSetupSsc();
+	FpgaSetupSsc(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_SIMULATOR);
 
 	cmdsRecvd = 0;
 
 	for(;;) {
-		uint8_t b1, b2;
 
-		if(!GetIso14443CommandFromReader(receivedCmd, &len, 100)) {
-		Dbprintf("button pressed, received %d commands", cmdsRecvd);
-		break;
+		if(!GetIso14443bCommandFromReader(receivedCmd, &len)) {
+			Dbprintf("button pressed, received %d commands", cmdsRecvd);
+			break;
 		}
 
-		// Good, look at the command now.
+		LogTrace(receivedCmd, len, 0, 0, NULL, true);
 
-		if(len == sizeof(cmd1) && memcmp(receivedCmd, cmd1, len)==0) {
-			resp = resp1; respLen = resp1Len;
+		// Good, look at the command now.
+		if ( (len == sizeof(cmd1) && memcmp(receivedCmd, cmd1, len) == 0)
+			|| (len == sizeof(cmd2) && memcmp(receivedCmd, cmd2, len) == 0) ) {
+			resp = response1;
+			respLen = sizeof(response1);
+			respCode = resp1Code;
+			respCodeLen = resp1CodeLen;
+		} else if ( (len == sizeof(cmd3) && receivedCmd[0] == cmd3[0])
+			|| (len == sizeof(cmd4) && receivedCmd[0] == cmd4[0]) ) {
+			resp = response2;
+			respLen = sizeof(response2);
+			respCode = resp2Code;
+			respCodeLen = resp2CodeLen;
 		} else {
 			Dbprintf("new cmd from reader: len=%d, cmdsRecvd=%d", len, cmdsRecvd);
 			// And print whether the CRC fails, just for good measure
-			ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_B, receivedCmd, len-2, &b1, &b2);
-			if(b1 != receivedCmd[len-2] || b2 != receivedCmd[len-1]) {
-				// Not so good, try again.
-				DbpString("+++CRC fail");
-			} else {
-				DbpString("CRC passes");
+			uint8_t b1, b2;
+			if (len >= 3){ // if crc exists
+				ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_B, receivedCmd, len-2, &b1, &b2);
+				if(b1 != receivedCmd[len-2] || b2 != receivedCmd[len-1]) {
+					// Not so good, try again.
+					DbpString("+++CRC fail");
+		
+				} else {
+					DbpString("CRC passes");
+				}
 			}
-			break;
+			//get rid of compiler warning
+			respCodeLen = 0;
+			resp = response1;
+			respLen	= 0;
+			respCode = resp1Code;
+			//don't crash at new command just wait and see if reader will send other new cmds.
+			//break;
 		}
 
-		memset(receivedCmd, 0x44, 32);
-
 		cmdsRecvd++;
 
 		if(cmdsRecvd > 0x30) {
@@ -394,25 +431,25 @@ void SimulateIso14443Tag(void)
 			break;
 		}
 
-		if(respLen <= 0) continue;
+		if(respCodeLen <= 0) continue;
 
 		// Modulate BPSK
 		// Signal field is off with the appropriate LED
 		LED_D_OFF();
 		FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_SIMULATOR | FPGA_HF_SIMULATOR_MODULATE_BPSK);
 		AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0xff;
-		FpgaSetupSsc();
+		FpgaSetupSsc(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_SIMULATOR);
 
 		// Transmit the response.
-		i = 0;
+		uint16_t i = 0;
 		for(;;) {
 			if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
-				uint8_t b = resp[i];
+				uint8_t b = respCode[i];
 
 				AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = b;
 
 				i++;
-				if(i > respLen) {
+				if(i > respCodeLen) {
 					break;
 				}
 			}
@@ -421,6 +458,10 @@ void SimulateIso14443Tag(void)
 				(void)b;
 			}
 		}
+
+		// trace the response:
+		LogTrace(resp, respLen, 0, 0, NULL, false);
+
 	}
 }
 
@@ -438,14 +479,15 @@ static struct {
 		DEMOD_AWAITING_FALLING_EDGE_OF_SOF,
 		DEMOD_GOT_FALLING_EDGE_OF_SOF,
 		DEMOD_AWAITING_START_BIT,
-		DEMOD_RECEIVING_DATA,
-		DEMOD_ERROR_WAIT
+		DEMOD_RECEIVING_DATA
 	}       state;
 	int     bitCount;
 	int     posCount;
 	int     thisBit;
+/* this had been used to add RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) to traces. Currently not implemented.
 	int     metric;
 	int     metricN;
+*/
 	uint16_t    shiftReg;
 	uint8_t   *output;
 	int     len;
@@ -456,6 +498,9 @@ static struct {
 /*
  * Handles reception of a bit from the tag
  *
+ * This function is called 2 times per bit (every 4 subcarrier cycles).
+ * Subcarrier frequency fs is 848kHz, 1/fs = 1,18us, i.e. function is called every 4,72us
+ *
  * LED handling:
  * LED C -> ON once we have received the SOF and are expecting the rest.
  * LED C -> OFF once we have received EOF or are unsynced
@@ -464,12 +509,12 @@ static struct {
  *          false if we are still waiting for some more
  *
  */
-static RAMFUNC int Handle14443SamplesDemod(int ci, int cq)
+static RAMFUNC int Handle14443bSamplesDemod(int ci, int cq)
 {
 	int v;
 
-	// The soft decision on the bit uses an estimate of just the
-	// quadrant of the reference angle, not the exact angle.
+// The soft decision on the bit uses an estimate of just the
+// quadrant of the reference angle, not the exact angle.
 #define MAKE_SOFT_DECISION() { \
 		if(Demod.sumI > 0) { \
 			v = ci; \
@@ -483,47 +528,43 @@ static RAMFUNC int Handle14443SamplesDemod(int ci, int cq)
 		} \
 	}
 
+#define SUBCARRIER_DETECT_THRESHOLD	8
+
+// Subcarrier amplitude v = sqrt(ci^2 + cq^2), approximated here by max(abs(ci),abs(cq)) + 1/2*min(abs(ci),abs(cq)))
+#define AMPLITUDE(ci,cq) (MAX(ABS(ci),ABS(cq)) + (MIN(ABS(ci),ABS(cq))/2))
 	switch(Demod.state) {
 		case DEMOD_UNSYNCD:
-			v = ci;
-			if(v < 0) v = -v;
-			if(cq > 0) {
-				v += cq;
-			} else {
-				v -= cq;
-			}
-			if(v > 40) {
-				Demod.posCount = 0;
+			if(AMPLITUDE(ci,cq) > SUBCARRIER_DETECT_THRESHOLD) {	// subcarrier detected
 				Demod.state = DEMOD_PHASE_REF_TRAINING;
-				Demod.sumI = 0;
-				Demod.sumQ = 0;
-			}
+				Demod.sumI = ci;
+				Demod.sumQ = cq;
+				Demod.posCount = 1;
+				}
 			break;
 
 		case DEMOD_PHASE_REF_TRAINING:
 			if(Demod.posCount < 8) {
-				Demod.sumI += ci;
-				Demod.sumQ += cq;
-			} else if(Demod.posCount > 100) {
-				// error, waited too long
-				Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
-			} else {
-				MAKE_SOFT_DECISION();
-				if(v < 0) {
-					Demod.state = DEMOD_AWAITING_FALLING_EDGE_OF_SOF;
-					Demod.posCount = 0;
+				if (AMPLITUDE(ci,cq) > SUBCARRIER_DETECT_THRESHOLD) {
+					// set the reference phase (will code a logic '1') by averaging over 32 1/fs.
+					// note: synchronization time > 80 1/fs
+					Demod.sumI += ci;
+					Demod.sumQ += cq;
+					Demod.posCount++;
+				} else {		// subcarrier lost
+					Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
 				}
+			} else {
+				Demod.state = DEMOD_AWAITING_FALLING_EDGE_OF_SOF;
 			}
-			Demod.posCount++;
 			break;
 
 		case DEMOD_AWAITING_FALLING_EDGE_OF_SOF:
 			MAKE_SOFT_DECISION();
-			if(v < 0) {
+			if(v < 0) {	// logic '0' detected
 				Demod.state = DEMOD_GOT_FALLING_EDGE_OF_SOF;
-				Demod.posCount = 0;
+				Demod.posCount = 0;	// start of SOF sequence
 			} else {
-				if(Demod.posCount > 100) {
+				if(Demod.posCount > 200/4) {	// maximum length of TR1 = 200 1/fs
 					Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
 				}
 			}
@@ -531,37 +572,40 @@ static RAMFUNC int Handle14443SamplesDemod(int ci, int cq)
 			break;
 
 		case DEMOD_GOT_FALLING_EDGE_OF_SOF:
+			Demod.posCount++;
 			MAKE_SOFT_DECISION();
 			if(v > 0) {
-				if(Demod.posCount < 12) {
+				if(Demod.posCount < 9*2) { // low phase of SOF too short (< 9 etu). Note: spec is >= 10, but FPGA tends to "smear" edges
 					Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
 				} else {
 					LED_C_ON(); // Got SOF
 					Demod.state = DEMOD_AWAITING_START_BIT;
 					Demod.posCount = 0;
 					Demod.len = 0;
+/* this had been used to add RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) to traces. Currently not implemented.
 					Demod.metricN = 0;
 					Demod.metric = 0;
+*/
 				}
 			} else {
-				if(Demod.posCount > 100) {
+				if(Demod.posCount > 12*2) { // low phase of SOF too long (> 12 etu)
 					Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
 					LED_C_OFF();
 				}
 			}
-			Demod.posCount++;
 			break;
 
 		case DEMOD_AWAITING_START_BIT:
+			Demod.posCount++;
 			MAKE_SOFT_DECISION();
 			if(v > 0) {
-				if(Demod.posCount > 10) {
+				if(Demod.posCount > 3*2) { 		// max 19us between characters = 16 1/fs, max 3 etu after low phase of SOF = 24 1/fs
 					Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
 					LED_C_OFF();
 				}
-			} else {
+			} else {							// start bit detected
 				Demod.bitCount = 0;
-				Demod.posCount = 1;
+				Demod.posCount = 1;				// this was the first half
 				Demod.thisBit = v;
 				Demod.shiftReg = 0;
 				Demod.state = DEMOD_RECEIVING_DATA;
@@ -570,28 +614,30 @@ static RAMFUNC int Handle14443SamplesDemod(int ci, int cq)
 
 		case DEMOD_RECEIVING_DATA:
 			MAKE_SOFT_DECISION();
-			if(Demod.posCount == 0) {
+			if(Demod.posCount == 0) { 			// first half of bit
 				Demod.thisBit = v;
 				Demod.posCount = 1;
-			} else {
+			} else {							// second half of bit
 				Demod.thisBit += v;
 
+/* this had been used to add RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) to traces. Currently not implemented.
 				if(Demod.thisBit > 0) {
 					Demod.metric += Demod.thisBit;
 				} else {
 					Demod.metric -= Demod.thisBit;
 				}
 				(Demod.metricN)++;
+*/
 
 				Demod.shiftReg >>= 1;
-				if(Demod.thisBit > 0) {
+				if(Demod.thisBit > 0) {	// logic '1'
 					Demod.shiftReg |= 0x200;
 				}
 
 				Demod.bitCount++;
 				if(Demod.bitCount == 10) {
 					uint16_t s = Demod.shiftReg;
-					if((s & 0x200) && !(s & 0x001)) {
+					if((s & 0x200) && !(s & 0x001)) { // stop bit == '1', start bit == '0'
 						uint8_t b = (s >> 1);
 						Demod.output[Demod.len] = b;
 						Demod.len++;
@@ -600,8 +646,8 @@ static RAMFUNC int Handle14443SamplesDemod(int ci, int cq)
 						Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
 						LED_C_OFF();
 						if(s == 0x000) {
-							// This is EOF
-							return TRUE;
+							// This is EOF (start, stop and all data bits == '0'
+							return true;
 						}
 					}
 				}
@@ -615,7 +661,7 @@ static RAMFUNC int Handle14443SamplesDemod(int ci, int cq)
 			break;
 	}
 
-	return FALSE;
+	return false;
 }
 
 
@@ -624,6 +670,7 @@ static void DemodReset()
 	// Clear out the state of the "UART" that receives from the tag.
 	Demod.len = 0;
 	Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
+	Demod.posCount = 0;
 	memset(Demod.output, 0x00, MAX_FRAME_SIZE);
 }
 
@@ -635,180 +682,111 @@ static void DemodInit(uint8_t *data)
 }
 
 
-static void UartReset()
-{
-	Uart.byteCntMax = MAX_FRAME_SIZE;
-	Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
-	Uart.byteCnt = 0;
-	Uart.bitCnt = 0;
-}
-
-
-static void UartInit(uint8_t *data)
-{
-	Uart.output = data;
-	UartReset();
-}
-
-
 /*
  *  Demodulate the samples we received from the tag, also log to tracebuffer
- *  weTx: set to 'TRUE' if we behave like a reader
- *        set to 'FALSE' if we behave like a snooper
- *  quiet: set to 'TRUE' to disable debug output
+ *  quiet: set to 'true' to disable debug output
  */
-static void GetSamplesFor14443Demod(int weTx, int n, int quiet)
+static void GetSamplesFor14443bDemod(int n, bool quiet)
 {
-	int max = 0;
-	int gotFrame = FALSE;
-	int lastRxCounter, ci, cq, samples = 0;
-
+	int maxBehindBy = 0;
+	bool gotFrame = false;
+	int lastRxCounter, samples = 0;
+	int8_t ci, cq;
+	
 	// Allocate memory from BigBuf for some buffers
 	// free all previous allocations first
 	BigBuf_free();
-	
+
 	// The response (tag -> reader) that we're receiving.
 	uint8_t *receivedResponse = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_FRAME_SIZE);
-	
+
 	// The DMA buffer, used to stream samples from the FPGA
-	int8_t *dmaBuf = (int8_t*) BigBuf_malloc(DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
+	uint16_t *dmaBuf = (uint16_t*) BigBuf_malloc(ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE * sizeof(uint16_t));
 
 	// Set up the demodulator for tag -> reader responses.
 	DemodInit(receivedResponse);
 
+	// wait for last transfer to complete
+	while (!(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_TXEMPTY))
+
 	// Setup and start DMA.
-	FpgaSetupSscDma((uint8_t*) dmaBuf, DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
+	FpgaSetupSsc(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_RX_XCORR);
+	FpgaSetupSscDma((uint8_t*) dmaBuf, ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
 
-	int8_t *upTo = dmaBuf;
-	lastRxCounter = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
+	uint16_t *upTo = dmaBuf;
+	lastRxCounter = ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
 
 	// Signal field is ON with the appropriate LED:
-	if (weTx) LED_D_ON(); else LED_D_OFF();
+	LED_D_ON();
 	// And put the FPGA in the appropriate mode
-	FpgaWriteConfWord(
-		FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_RX_XCORR | FPGA_HF_READER_RX_XCORR_848_KHZ |
-		(weTx ? 0 : FPGA_HF_READER_RX_XCORR_SNOOP));
+	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_RX_XCORR | FPGA_HF_READER_RX_XCORR_848_KHZ);
 
 	for(;;) {
-		int behindBy = lastRxCounter - AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR;
-		if(behindBy > max) max = behindBy;
-
-		while(((lastRxCounter-AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR) & (DMA_BUFFER_SIZE-1))
-					> 2)
-		{
-			ci = upTo[0];
-			cq = upTo[1];
-			upTo += 2;
-			if(upTo >= dmaBuf + DMA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
-				upTo = dmaBuf;
-				AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNPR = (uint32_t) upTo;
-				AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNCR = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
-			}
-			lastRxCounter -= 2;
-			if(lastRxCounter <= 0) {
-				lastRxCounter += DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
-			}
+		int behindBy = (lastRxCounter - AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR) & (ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE-1);
+		if(behindBy > maxBehindBy) {
+			maxBehindBy = behindBy;
+		}
 
-			samples += 2;
+		if(behindBy < 1) continue;
 
-			if(Handle14443SamplesDemod(ci, cq)) {
-				gotFrame = 1;
-			}
+		ci = *upTo >> 8;
+		cq = *upTo;
+		upTo++;
+		lastRxCounter--;
+		if(upTo >= dmaBuf + ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE) {               // we have read all of the DMA buffer content.
+			upTo = dmaBuf;                                             // start reading the circular buffer from the beginning
+			lastRxCounter += ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
 		}
+		if (AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_ENDRX)) {              // DMA Counter Register had reached 0, already rotated.
+			AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNPR = (uint32_t) dmaBuf;          // refresh the DMA Next Buffer and
+			AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNCR = ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;  // DMA Next Counter registers
+		}
+		samples++;
 
-		if(samples > n) {
+		if(Handle14443bSamplesDemod(ci, cq)) {
+			gotFrame = true;
 			break;
 		}
-	}
-	AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_PTCR = AT91C_PDC_RXTDIS;
-	if (!quiet) Dbprintf("%x %x %x", max, gotFrame, Demod.len);
-	//Tracing
-	if (tracing && Demod.len > 0) {
-		uint8_t parity[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];
-		GetParity(Demod.output, Demod.len, parity);
-		LogTrace(Demod.output, Demod.len, 0, 0, parity, FALSE);
-	}
-}
 
-
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Read the tag's response. We just receive a stream of slightly-processed
-// samples from the FPGA, which we will later do some signal processing on,
-// to get the bits.
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-/*static void GetSamplesFor14443(int weTx, int n)
-{
-	uint8_t *dest = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;
-	int c;
-
-	FpgaWriteConfWord(
-		FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_RX_XCORR | FPGA_HF_READER_RX_XCORR_848_KHZ |
-		(weTx ? 0 : FPGA_HF_READER_RX_XCORR_SNOOP));
-
-	c = 0;
-	for(;;) {
-		if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
-			AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0x43;
+		if(samples > n) {
+			break;
 		}
-		if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {
-			int8_t b;
-			b = (int8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
+	}
 
-			dest[c++] = (uint8_t)b;
+	FpgaDisableSscDma();
 
-			if(c >= n) {
-				break;
-			}
-		}
+	if (!quiet) Dbprintf("max behindby = %d, samples = %d, gotFrame = %d, Demod.len = %d, Demod.sumI = %d, Demod.sumQ = %d", maxBehindBy, samples, gotFrame, Demod.len, Demod.sumI, Demod.sumQ);
+	//Tracing
+	if (Demod.len > 0) {
+		LogTrace(Demod.output, Demod.len, 0, 0, NULL, false);
 	}
-}*/
+}
 
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Transmit the command (to the tag) that was placed in ToSend[].
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-static void TransmitFor14443(void)
+static void TransmitFor14443b(void)
 {
 	int c;
 
-	FpgaSetupSsc();
-
-	while(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
-		AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0xff;
-	}
+	FpgaSetupSsc(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_TX);
 
 	// Signal field is ON with the appropriate Red LED
 	LED_D_ON();
 	// Signal we are transmitting with the Green LED
 	LED_B_ON();
-	FpgaWriteConfWord(
-		FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_TX | FPGA_HF_READER_TX_SHALLOW_MOD);
-
-	for(c = 0; c < 10;) {
-		if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
-			AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0xff;
-			c++;
-		}
-		if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {
-			volatile uint32_t r = AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
-			(void)r;
-		}
-		WDT_HIT();
-	}
+	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_TX | FPGA_HF_READER_TX_SHALLOW_MOD);
 
 	c = 0;
 	for(;;) {
 		if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
-			AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = ToSend[c];
+			AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = ~ToSend[c];
 			c++;
 			if(c >= ToSendMax) {
 				break;
 			}
 		}
-		if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {
-			volatile uint32_t r = AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
-			(void)r;
-		}
 		WDT_HIT();
 	}
 	LED_B_OFF(); // Finished sending
@@ -817,7 +795,7 @@ static void TransmitFor14443(void)
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Code a layer 2 command (string of octets, including CRC) into ToSend[],
-// so that it is ready to transmit to the tag using TransmitFor14443().
+// so that it is ready to transmit to the tag using TransmitFor14443b().
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 static void CodeIso14443bAsReader(const uint8_t *cmd, int len)
 {
@@ -826,19 +804,14 @@ static void CodeIso14443bAsReader(const uint8_t *cmd, int len)
 
 	ToSendReset();
 
-	// Establish initial reference level
-	for(i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
-		ToSendStuffBit(1);
-	}
 	// Send SOF
 	for(i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
 		ToSendStuffBit(0);
 	}
+	ToSendStuffBit(1);
+	ToSendStuffBit(1);
 
 	for(i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-		// Stop bits/EGT
-		ToSendStuffBit(1);
-		ToSendStuffBit(1);
 		// Start bit
 		ToSendStuffBit(0);
 		// Data bits
@@ -851,19 +824,18 @@ static void CodeIso14443bAsReader(const uint8_t *cmd, int len)
 			}
 			b >>= 1;
 		}
+		// Stop bit
+		ToSendStuffBit(1);
 	}
+
 	// Send EOF
-	ToSendStuffBit(1);
 	for(i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
 		ToSendStuffBit(0);
 	}
-	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-		ToSendStuffBit(1);
-	}
+	ToSendStuffBit(1);
 
-	// And then a little more, to make sure that the last character makes
-	// it out before we switch to rx mode.
-	for(i = 0; i < 24; i++) {
+	// ensure that last byte is filled up
+	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
 		ToSendStuffBit(1);
 	}
 
@@ -872,39 +844,108 @@ static void CodeIso14443bAsReader(const uint8_t *cmd, int len)
 }
 
 
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Read an ISO 14443 tag. We send it some set of commands, and record the
-// responses.
-// The command name is misleading, it actually decodes the reponse in HEX
-// into the output buffer (read the result using hexsamples, not hisamples)
-//
-// obsolete function only for test
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-void AcquireRawAdcSamplesIso14443(uint32_t parameter)
-{
-	uint8_t cmd1[] = { 0x05, 0x00, 0x08, 0x39, 0x73 };
-
-	SendRawCommand14443B(sizeof(cmd1),1,1,cmd1);
-}
-
-
 /**
   Convenience function to encode, transmit and trace iso 14443b comms
   **/
 static void CodeAndTransmit14443bAsReader(const uint8_t *cmd, int len)
 {
 	CodeIso14443bAsReader(cmd, len);
-	TransmitFor14443();
-	if (tracing) {
-		uint8_t parity[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];
-		GetParity(cmd, len, parity);
-		LogTrace(cmd,len, 0, 0, parity, TRUE);
+	TransmitFor14443b();
+	LogTrace(cmd,len, 0, 0, NULL, true);
+}
+
+/* Sends an APDU to the tag
+ * TODO: check CRC and preamble
+ */
+int iso14443b_apdu(uint8_t const *message, size_t message_length, uint8_t *response)
+{
+	uint8_t message_frame[message_length + 4];
+	// PCB
+	message_frame[0] = 0x0A | pcb_blocknum;
+	pcb_blocknum ^= 1;
+	// CID
+	message_frame[1] = 0;
+	// INF
+	memcpy(message_frame + 2, message, message_length);
+	// EDC (CRC)
+	ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_B, message_frame, message_length + 2, &message_frame[message_length + 2], &message_frame[message_length + 3]);
+	// send
+	CodeAndTransmit14443bAsReader(message_frame, message_length + 4);
+	// get response
+	GetSamplesFor14443bDemod(RECEIVE_SAMPLES_TIMEOUT, true);
+	if(Demod.len < 3)
+	{
+		return 0;
+	}
+	// TODO: Check CRC
+	// copy response contents
+	if(response != NULL)
+	{
+		memcpy(response, Demod.output, Demod.len);
 	}
+	return Demod.len;
 }
 
+/* Perform the ISO 14443 B Card Selection procedure
+ * Currently does NOT do any collision handling.
+ * It expects 0-1 cards in the device's range.
+ * TODO: Support multiple cards (perform anticollision)
+ * TODO: Verify CRC checksums
+ */
+int iso14443b_select_card()
+{
+	// WUPB command (including CRC)
+	// Note: WUPB wakes up all tags, REQB doesn't wake up tags in HALT state
+	static const uint8_t wupb[] = { 0x05, 0x00, 0x08, 0x39, 0x73 };
+	// ATTRIB command (with space for CRC)
+	uint8_t attrib[] = { 0x1D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+
+	// first, wake up the tag
+	CodeAndTransmit14443bAsReader(wupb, sizeof(wupb));
+	GetSamplesFor14443bDemod(RECEIVE_SAMPLES_TIMEOUT, true);
+	// ATQB too short?
+	if (Demod.len < 14)
+	{
+		return 2;
+	}
+
+    // select the tag
+    // copy the PUPI to ATTRIB
+    memcpy(attrib + 1, Demod.output + 1, 4);
+    /* copy the protocol info from ATQB (Protocol Info -> Protocol_Type) into
+    ATTRIB (Param 3) */
+    attrib[7] = Demod.output[10] & 0x0F;
+    ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_B, attrib, 9, attrib + 9, attrib + 10);
+    CodeAndTransmit14443bAsReader(attrib, sizeof(attrib));
+    GetSamplesFor14443bDemod(RECEIVE_SAMPLES_TIMEOUT, true);
+    // Answer to ATTRIB too short?
+    if(Demod.len < 3)
+	{
+		return 2;
+	}
+	// reset PCB block number
+	pcb_blocknum = 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+// Set up ISO 14443 Type B communication (similar to iso14443a_setup)
+void iso14443b_setup() {
+	FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_HF);
+	// Set up the synchronous serial port
+	FpgaSetupSsc(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_TX);
+	// connect Demodulated Signal to ADC:
+	SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_HIPKD);
+
+	// Signal field is on with the appropriate LED
+    LED_D_ON();
+	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_TX | FPGA_HF_READER_TX_SHALLOW_MOD);
+
+	DemodReset();
+	UartReset();
+}
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Read a SRI512 ISO 14443 tag.
+// Read a SRI512 ISO 14443B tag.
 //
 // SRI512 tags are just simple memory tags, here we're looking at making a dump
 // of the contents of the memory. No anticollision algorithm is done, we assume
@@ -912,11 +953,8 @@ static void CodeAndTransmit14443bAsReader(const uint8_t *cmd, int len)
 //
 // I tried to be systematic and check every answer of the tag, every CRC, etc...
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-void ReadSTMemoryIso14443(uint32_t dwLast)
+void ReadSTMemoryIso14443b(uint32_t dwLast)
 {
-	clear_trace();
-	set_tracing(TRUE);
-
 	uint8_t i = 0x00;
 
 	FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_HF);
@@ -927,116 +965,123 @@ void ReadSTMemoryIso14443(uint32_t dwLast)
 	SpinDelay(200);
 
 	SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_HIPKD);
-	FpgaSetupSsc();
+	FpgaSetupSsc(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_RX_XCORR);
 
 	// Now give it time to spin up.
 	// Signal field is on with the appropriate LED
 	LED_D_ON();
-	FpgaWriteConfWord(
-		FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_RX_XCORR | FPGA_HF_READER_RX_XCORR_848_KHZ);
+	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_RX_XCORR | FPGA_HF_READER_RX_XCORR_848_KHZ);
 	SpinDelay(200);
 
-	// First command: wake up the tag using the INITIATE command
-	uint8_t cmd1[] = { 0x06, 0x00, 0x97, 0x5b};
+	clear_trace();
+	set_tracing(true);
 
+	// First command: wake up the tag using the INITIATE command
+	uint8_t cmd1[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x97, 0x5b};
 	CodeAndTransmit14443bAsReader(cmd1, sizeof(cmd1));
-//    LED_A_ON();
-	GetSamplesFor14443Demod(TRUE, RECEIVE_SAMPLES_TIMEOUT, TRUE);
-//    LED_A_OFF();
+	GetSamplesFor14443bDemod(RECEIVE_SAMPLES_TIMEOUT, true);
 
 	if (Demod.len == 0) {
-	DbpString("No response from tag");
-	return;
+		DbpString("No response from tag");
+		LED_D_OFF();
+		FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
+		return;
 	} else {
-	Dbprintf("Randomly generated UID from tag (+ 2 byte CRC): %x %x %x",
-		Demod.output[0], Demod.output[1],Demod.output[2]);
+		Dbprintf("Randomly generated Chip ID (+ 2 byte CRC): %02x %02x %02x",
+				Demod.output[0], Demod.output[1], Demod.output[2]);
 	}
+
 	// There is a response, SELECT the uid
 	DbpString("Now SELECT tag:");
 	cmd1[0] = 0x0E; // 0x0E is SELECT
 	cmd1[1] = Demod.output[0];
 	ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_B, cmd1, 2, &cmd1[2], &cmd1[3]);
 	CodeAndTransmit14443bAsReader(cmd1, sizeof(cmd1));
-
-//    LED_A_ON();
-	GetSamplesFor14443Demod(TRUE, RECEIVE_SAMPLES_TIMEOUT, TRUE);
-//    LED_A_OFF();
+	GetSamplesFor14443bDemod(RECEIVE_SAMPLES_TIMEOUT, true);
 	if (Demod.len != 3) {
-	Dbprintf("Expected 3 bytes from tag, got %d", Demod.len);
-	return;
+		Dbprintf("Expected 3 bytes from tag, got %d", Demod.len);
+		LED_D_OFF();
+		FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
+		return;
 	}
 	// Check the CRC of the answer:
 	ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_B, Demod.output, 1 , &cmd1[2], &cmd1[3]);
 	if(cmd1[2] != Demod.output[1] || cmd1[3] != Demod.output[2]) {
-	DbpString("CRC Error reading select response.");
-	return;
+		DbpString("CRC Error reading select response.");
+		LED_D_OFF();
+		FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
+		return;
 	}
 	// Check response from the tag: should be the same UID as the command we just sent:
 	if (cmd1[1] != Demod.output[0]) {
-	Dbprintf("Bad response to SELECT from Tag, aborting: %x %x", cmd1[1], Demod.output[0]);
-	return;
+		Dbprintf("Bad response to SELECT from Tag, aborting: %02x %02x", cmd1[1], Demod.output[0]);
+		LED_D_OFF();
+		FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
+		return;
 	}
+
 	// Tag is now selected,
 	// First get the tag's UID:
 	cmd1[0] = 0x0B;
 	ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_B, cmd1, 1 , &cmd1[1], &cmd1[2]);
 	CodeAndTransmit14443bAsReader(cmd1, 3); // Only first three bytes for this one
-
-//    LED_A_ON();
-	GetSamplesFor14443Demod(TRUE, RECEIVE_SAMPLES_TIMEOUT, TRUE);
-//    LED_A_OFF();
+	GetSamplesFor14443bDemod(RECEIVE_SAMPLES_TIMEOUT, true);
 	if (Demod.len != 10) {
-	Dbprintf("Expected 10 bytes from tag, got %d", Demod.len);
-	return;
+		Dbprintf("Expected 10 bytes from tag, got %d", Demod.len);
+		LED_D_OFF();
+		FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
+		return;
 	}
 	// The check the CRC of the answer (use cmd1 as temporary variable):
 	ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_B, Demod.output, 8, &cmd1[2], &cmd1[3]);
-		   if(cmd1[2] != Demod.output[8] || cmd1[3] != Demod.output[9]) {
-	Dbprintf("CRC Error reading block! - Below: expected, got %x %x",
-		(cmd1[2]<<8)+cmd1[3], (Demod.output[8]<<8)+Demod.output[9]);
-	// Do not return;, let's go on... (we should retry, maybe ?)
+	if(cmd1[2] != Demod.output[8] || cmd1[3] != Demod.output[9]) {
+		Dbprintf("CRC Error reading block! Expected: %04x got: %04x",
+				(cmd1[2]<<8)+cmd1[3], (Demod.output[8]<<8)+Demod.output[9]);
+		// Do not return;, let's go on... (we should retry, maybe ?)
 	}
 	Dbprintf("Tag UID (64 bits): %08x %08x",
-	(Demod.output[7]<<24) + (Demod.output[6]<<16) + (Demod.output[5]<<8) + Demod.output[4],
-	(Demod.output[3]<<24) + (Demod.output[2]<<16) + (Demod.output[1]<<8) + Demod.output[0]);
+			(Demod.output[7]<<24) + (Demod.output[6]<<16) + (Demod.output[5]<<8) + Demod.output[4],
+			(Demod.output[3]<<24) + (Demod.output[2]<<16) + (Demod.output[1]<<8) + Demod.output[0]);
 
 	// Now loop to read all 16 blocks, address from 0 to last block
-	Dbprintf("Tag memory dump, block 0 to %d",dwLast);
+	Dbprintf("Tag memory dump, block 0 to %d", dwLast);
 	cmd1[0] = 0x08;
 	i = 0x00;
 	dwLast++;
 	for (;;) {
-		   if (i == dwLast) {
+		if (i == dwLast) {
 			DbpString("System area block (0xff):");
 			i = 0xff;
 		}
 		cmd1[1] = i;
 		ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_B, cmd1, 2, &cmd1[2], &cmd1[3]);
 		CodeAndTransmit14443bAsReader(cmd1, sizeof(cmd1));
-
-//	    LED_A_ON();
-		GetSamplesFor14443Demod(TRUE, RECEIVE_SAMPLES_TIMEOUT, TRUE);
-//	    LED_A_OFF();
+		GetSamplesFor14443bDemod(RECEIVE_SAMPLES_TIMEOUT, true);
 		if (Demod.len != 6) { // Check if we got an answer from the tag
-		DbpString("Expected 6 bytes from tag, got less...");
-		return;
+			DbpString("Expected 6 bytes from tag, got less...");
+			LED_D_OFF();
+			FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
+			return;
 		}
 		// The check the CRC of the answer (use cmd1 as temporary variable):
 		ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_B, Demod.output, 4, &cmd1[2], &cmd1[3]);
-			if(cmd1[2] != Demod.output[4] || cmd1[3] != Demod.output[5]) {
-		Dbprintf("CRC Error reading block! - Below: expected, got %x %x",
-			(cmd1[2]<<8)+cmd1[3], (Demod.output[4]<<8)+Demod.output[5]);
-		// Do not return;, let's go on... (we should retry, maybe ?)
+		if(cmd1[2] != Demod.output[4] || cmd1[3] != Demod.output[5]) {
+			Dbprintf("CRC Error reading block! Expected: %04x got: %04x",
+					(cmd1[2]<<8)+cmd1[3], (Demod.output[4]<<8)+Demod.output[5]);
+			// Do not return;, let's go on... (we should retry, maybe ?)
 		}
 		// Now print out the memory location:
-		Dbprintf("Address=%x, Contents=%x, CRC=%x", i,
-		(Demod.output[3]<<24) + (Demod.output[2]<<16) + (Demod.output[1]<<8) + Demod.output[0],
-		(Demod.output[4]<<8)+Demod.output[5]);
+		Dbprintf("Address=%02x, Contents=%08x, CRC=%04x", i,
+				(Demod.output[3]<<24) + (Demod.output[2]<<16) + (Demod.output[1]<<8) + Demod.output[0],
+				(Demod.output[4]<<8)+Demod.output[5]);
 		if (i == 0xff) {
-		break;
+			break;
 		}
 		i++;
 	}
+	
+	LED_D_OFF();
+	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
 }
 
 
@@ -1054,27 +1099,22 @@ void ReadSTMemoryIso14443(uint32_t dwLast)
  * Memory usage for this function, (within BigBuf)
  * Last Received command (reader->tag) - MAX_FRAME_SIZE
  * Last Received command (tag->reader) - MAX_FRAME_SIZE
- * DMA Buffer, 1024 bytes (samples) - DMA_BUFFER_SIZE
+ * DMA Buffer - ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE
  * Demodulated samples received - all the rest
  */
-void RAMFUNC SnoopIso14443(void)
+void RAMFUNC SnoopIso14443b(void)
 {
-	// We won't start recording the frames that we acquire until we trigger;
-	// a good trigger condition to get started is probably when we see a
-	// response from the tag.
-	int triggered = TRUE;			// TODO: set and evaluate trigger condition
-
 	FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_HF);
 	BigBuf_free();
 
 	clear_trace();
-	set_tracing(TRUE);
+	set_tracing(true);
 
 	// The DMA buffer, used to stream samples from the FPGA
-	int8_t *dmaBuf = (int8_t*) BigBuf_malloc(DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
+	uint16_t *dmaBuf = (uint16_t*) BigBuf_malloc(ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE * sizeof(uint16_t));
 	int lastRxCounter;
-	int8_t *upTo;
-	int ci, cq;
+	uint16_t *upTo;
+	int8_t ci, cq;
 	int maxBehindBy = 0;
 
 	// Count of samples received so far, so that we can include timing
@@ -1089,121 +1129,97 @@ void RAMFUNC SnoopIso14443(void)
 	Dbprintf("  Trace: %i bytes", BigBuf_max_traceLen());
 	Dbprintf("  Reader -> tag: %i bytes", MAX_FRAME_SIZE);
 	Dbprintf("  tag -> Reader: %i bytes", MAX_FRAME_SIZE);
-	Dbprintf("  DMA: %i bytes", DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
+	Dbprintf("  DMA: %i bytes", ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
 
-	// Signal field is off with the appropriate LED
-	LED_D_OFF();
+	// Signal field is off, no reader signal, no tag signal
+	LEDsoff();
 
 	// And put the FPGA in the appropriate mode
-	FpgaWriteConfWord(
-		FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_RX_XCORR | FPGA_HF_READER_RX_XCORR_848_KHZ |
-		FPGA_HF_READER_RX_XCORR_SNOOP);
+	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_RX_XCORR | FPGA_HF_READER_RX_XCORR_848_KHZ | FPGA_HF_READER_RX_XCORR_SNOOP);
 	SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_HIPKD);
 
 	// Setup for the DMA.
-	FpgaSetupSsc();
+	FpgaSetupSsc(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_RX_XCORR);
 	upTo = dmaBuf;
-	lastRxCounter = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
-	FpgaSetupSscDma((uint8_t*) dmaBuf, DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
-	uint8_t parity[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];
-	LED_A_ON();
+	lastRxCounter = ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
+	FpgaSetupSscDma((uint8_t*) dmaBuf, ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
+
+	bool TagIsActive = false;
+	bool ReaderIsActive = false;
+	// We won't start recording the frames that we acquire until we trigger.
+	// A good trigger condition to get started is probably when we see a
+	// reader command
+	bool triggered = false;
 
-	bool TagIsActive = FALSE;
-	bool ReaderIsActive = FALSE;
-	
 	// And now we loop, receiving samples.
 	for(;;) {
-		int behindBy = (lastRxCounter - AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR) &
-								(DMA_BUFFER_SIZE-1);
+		int behindBy = (lastRxCounter - AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR) & (ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE-1);
 		if(behindBy > maxBehindBy) {
 			maxBehindBy = behindBy;
-			if(behindBy > (9*DMA_BUFFER_SIZE/10)) { // TODO: understand whether we can increase/decrease as we want or not?
-				Dbprintf("blew circular buffer! behindBy=0x%x", behindBy);
+		}
+
+		if(behindBy < 1) continue;
+
+		ci = *upTo>>8;
+		cq = *upTo;
+		upTo++;
+		lastRxCounter--;
+		if(upTo >= dmaBuf + ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE) {               // we have read all of the DMA buffer content.
+			upTo = dmaBuf;                                             // start reading the circular buffer from the beginning again
+			lastRxCounter += ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
+			if(behindBy > (9*ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE/10)) { 
+				Dbprintf("About to blow circular buffer - aborted! behindBy=%d", behindBy);
 				break;
 			}
 		}
-		if(behindBy < 2) continue;
-
-		ci = upTo[0];
-		cq = upTo[1];
-		upTo += 2;
-		lastRxCounter -= 2;
-		if(upTo >= dmaBuf + DMA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
-			upTo = dmaBuf;
-			lastRxCounter += DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
-			AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNPR = (uint32_t) dmaBuf;
-			AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNCR = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
+		if (AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_ENDRX)) {              // DMA Counter Register had reached 0, already rotated.
+			AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNPR = (uint32_t) dmaBuf;          // refresh the DMA Next Buffer and
+			AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNCR = ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;  // DMA Next Counter registers
+			WDT_HIT();
+			if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
+				DbpString("cancelled");
+				break;
+			}
 		}
 
-		samples += 2;
+		samples++;
 
 		if (!TagIsActive) {							// no need to try decoding reader data if the tag is sending
-			if(Handle14443UartBit(ci & 0x01)) {
-				if(triggered && tracing) {
-					GetParity(Uart.output, Uart.byteCnt, parity);
-					LogTrace(Uart.output,Uart.byteCnt,samples, samples,parity,TRUE);
-				}
-				if(Uart.byteCnt==0) Dbprintf("[1] Error, Uart.byteCnt==0, Uart.bitCnt=%d", Uart.bitCnt);
-
+			if(Handle14443bUartBit(ci & 0x01)) {
+				triggered = true;
+				LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.byteCnt, samples, samples, NULL, true);
 				/* And ready to receive another command. */
 				UartReset();
 				/* And also reset the demod code, which might have been */
 				/* false-triggered by the commands from the reader. */
 				DemodReset();
 			}
-			if(Handle14443UartBit(cq & 0x01)) {
-				if(triggered && tracing) {
-					GetParity(Uart.output, Uart.byteCnt, parity);
-					LogTrace(Uart.output,Uart.byteCnt,samples, samples, parity, TRUE);
-				}
-				if(Uart.byteCnt==0) Dbprintf("[2] Error, Uart.byteCnt==0, Uart.bitCnt=%d", Uart.bitCnt);
-
+			if(Handle14443bUartBit(cq & 0x01)) {
+				triggered = true;
+				LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.byteCnt, samples, samples, NULL, true);
 				/* And ready to receive another command. */
 				UartReset();
 				/* And also reset the demod code, which might have been */
 				/* false-triggered by the commands from the reader. */
 				DemodReset();
 			}
-			ReaderIsActive = (Uart.state != STATE_UNSYNCD);
+			ReaderIsActive = (Uart.state > STATE_GOT_FALLING_EDGE_OF_SOF);
 		}
 
-		if(!ReaderIsActive) {						// no need to try decoding tag data if the reader is sending - and we cannot afford the time
-			if(Handle14443SamplesDemod(ci & 0xFE, cq & 0xFE)) {
-
+		if(!ReaderIsActive && triggered) {						// no need to try decoding tag data if the reader is sending or not yet triggered
+			if(Handle14443bSamplesDemod(ci/2, cq/2)) {
 				//Use samples as a time measurement
-				if(tracing)
-				{
-					uint8_t parity[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];
-					GetParity(Demod.output, Demod.len, parity);
-					LogTrace(Demod.output, Demod.len, samples, samples, parity, FALSE);
-				}
-				triggered = TRUE;
-				LED_A_OFF();
-				LED_B_ON();
-
+				LogTrace(Demod.output, Demod.len, samples, samples, NULL, false);
 				// And ready to receive another response.
 				DemodReset();
 			}
-			TagIsActive = (Demod.state != DEMOD_UNSYNCD);
+			TagIsActive = (Demod.state > DEMOD_GOT_FALLING_EDGE_OF_SOF);
 		}
 
-		WDT_HIT();
-
-		if(!tracing) {
-			DbpString("Reached trace limit");
-			break;
-		}
-
-		if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
-			DbpString("cancelled");
-			break;
-		}
 	}
+
 	FpgaDisableSscDma();
-	LED_A_OFF();
-	LED_B_OFF();
-	LED_C_OFF();
-	AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_PTCR = AT91C_PDC_RXTDIS;
+	LEDsoff();
 	DbpString("Snoop statistics:");
 	Dbprintf("  Max behind by: %i", maxBehindBy);
 	Dbprintf("  Uart State: %x", Uart.state);
@@ -1228,38 +1244,26 @@ void RAMFUNC SnoopIso14443(void)
 void SendRawCommand14443B(uint32_t datalen, uint32_t recv, uint8_t powerfield, uint8_t data[])
 {
 	FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_HF);
-	if(!powerfield)
-	{
-		// Make sure that we start from off, since the tags are stateful;
-		// confusing things will happen if we don't reset them between reads.
-		FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
-		LED_D_OFF();
-		SpinDelay(200);
-	}
+	SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_HIPKD);
 
-	if(!GETBIT(GPIO_LED_D))
-	{
-		SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_HIPKD);
-		FpgaSetupSsc();
-
-		// Now give it time to spin up.
-		// Signal field is on with the appropriate LED
-		LED_D_ON();
-		FpgaWriteConfWord(
-			FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_RX_XCORR | FPGA_HF_READER_RX_XCORR_848_KHZ);
-		SpinDelay(200);
+	// switch field on and give tag some time to power up
+	LED_D_ON();
+	FpgaSetupSsc(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_TX);
+	SpinDelay(10);
+
+	if (datalen){
+		set_tracing(true);
+		
+		CodeAndTransmit14443bAsReader(data, datalen);
+
+		if(recv) {
+			GetSamplesFor14443bDemod(RECEIVE_SAMPLES_TIMEOUT, true);
+			uint16_t iLen = MIN(Demod.len, USB_CMD_DATA_SIZE);
+			cmd_send(CMD_ACK, iLen, 0, 0, Demod.output, iLen);
+		}
 	}
 
-	CodeAndTransmit14443bAsReader(data, datalen);
-
-	if(recv)
-	{
-		GetSamplesFor14443Demod(TRUE, RECEIVE_SAMPLES_TIMEOUT, TRUE);
-		uint16_t iLen = MIN(Demod.len,USB_CMD_DATA_SIZE);
-		cmd_send(CMD_ACK,iLen,0,0,Demod.output,iLen);
-	}
-	if(!powerfield)
-	{
+	if(!powerfield) {
 		FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
 		LED_D_OFF();
 	}