From: Martin Holst Swende Date: Thu, 15 Jan 2015 14:45:15 +0000 (+0100) Subject: Merge branch 'master' of github.com:Proxmark/proxmark3 X-Git-Tag: v2.0.0-rc1~52 X-Git-Url: http://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/proxmark3-svn/commitdiff_plain/1eb874ee3f7690cc92a720c0636fbe100e82b1e5?hp=4e3d8d0f764823d3550970d6d686a86e8f04d8af Merge branch 'master' of github.com:Proxmark/proxmark3 --- diff --git a/armsrc/apps.h b/armsrc/apps.h index ce721525..5a1ab690 100644 --- a/armsrc/apps.h +++ b/armsrc/apps.h @@ -37,6 +37,25 @@ uint32_t BigBuf[BIGBUF_SIZE / sizeof(uint32_t)]; #define FREE_BUFFER_OFFSET (CARD_MEMORY_OFFSET + CARD_MEMORY_SIZE) #define FREE_BUFFER_SIZE (BIGBUF_SIZE - FREE_BUFFER_OFFSET - 1) +/* +The statements above translates into this : +BIGBUF_SIZE = 40000 +TRACE_OFFSET = 0 +TRACE_SIZE = 3000 +RECV_CMD_OFFSET = 3000 +MAX_FRAME_SIZE = 256 +MAX_PARITY_SIZE = 32 +RECV_CMD_PAR_OFFSET = 3256 +RECV_RESP_OFFSET = 3288 +RECV_RESP_PAR_OFFSET= 3544 +CARD_MEMORY_OFFSET = 3576 +CARD_MEMORY_SIZE = 4096 +DMA_BUFFER_OFFSET = 3576 +DMA_BUFFER_SIZE = 4096 +FREE_BUFFER_OFFSET = 7672 +FREE_BUFFER_SIZE = 32327 + */ + extern const uint8_t OddByteParity[256]; extern uint8_t *trace; // = (uint8_t *) BigBuf; extern int traceLen; // = 0; @@ -115,6 +134,8 @@ void SetAdcMuxFor(uint32_t whichGpio); #define FPGA_HF_SIMULATOR_MODULATE_BPSK (1<<0) #define FPGA_HF_SIMULATOR_MODULATE_212K (2<<0) #define FPGA_HF_SIMULATOR_MODULATE_424K (4<<0) +#define FPGA_HF_SIMULATOR_MODULATE_424K_8BIT 0x5//101 + // Options for ISO14443A #define FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_SNIFFER (0<<0) #define FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN (1<<0) diff --git a/armsrc/iclass.c b/armsrc/iclass.c index ea9af7d4..72cfbefc 100644 --- a/armsrc/iclass.c +++ b/armsrc/iclass.c @@ -687,7 +687,8 @@ void RAMFUNC SnoopIClass(void) SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_HIPKD); uint32_t time_0 = GetCountSspClk(); - + uint32_t time_start = 0; + uint32_t time_stop = 0; int div = 0; //int div2 = 0; @@ -738,6 +739,7 @@ void RAMFUNC SnoopIClass(void) smpl = decbyter; if(OutOfNDecoding((smpl & 0xF0) >> 4)) { rsamples = samples - Uart.samples; + time_stop = (GetCountSspClk()-time_0) << 4; LED_C_ON(); //if(!LogTrace(Uart.output,Uart.byteCnt, rsamples, Uart.parityBits,TRUE)) break; @@ -745,7 +747,7 @@ void RAMFUNC SnoopIClass(void) if(tracing) { uint8_t parity[MAX_PARITY_SIZE]; GetParity(Uart.output, Uart.byteCnt, parity); - LogTrace(Uart.output,Uart.byteCnt, (GetCountSspClk()-time_0) << 4, (GetCountSspClk()-time_0) << 4, parity, TRUE); + LogTrace(Uart.output,Uart.byteCnt, time_start, time_stop, parity, TRUE); } @@ -756,6 +758,8 @@ void RAMFUNC SnoopIClass(void) Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD; LED_B_OFF(); Uart.byteCnt = 0; + }else{ + time_start = (GetCountSspClk()-time_0) << 4; } decbyter = 0; } @@ -763,21 +767,24 @@ void RAMFUNC SnoopIClass(void) if(div > 3) { smpl = decbyte; if(ManchesterDecoding(smpl & 0x0F)) { - rsamples = samples - Demod.samples; + time_stop = (GetCountSspClk()-time_0) << 4; + + rsamples = samples - Demod.samples; LED_B_ON(); if(tracing) { uint8_t parity[MAX_PARITY_SIZE]; GetParity(Demod.output, Demod.len, parity); - LogTrace(Demod.output, Demod.len, (GetCountSspClk()-time_0) << 4, (GetCountSspClk()-time_0) << 4, parity, FALSE); + LogTrace(Demod.output, Demod.len, time_start, time_stop, parity, FALSE); } - // And ready to receive another response. memset(&Demod, 0, sizeof(Demod)); Demod.output = tagToReaderResponse; Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD; LED_C_OFF(); + }else{ + time_start = (GetCountSspClk()-time_0) << 4; } div = 0; @@ -850,57 +857,93 @@ static int GetIClassCommandFromReader(uint8_t *received, int *len, int maxLen) } } +static uint8_t encode4Bits(const uint8_t b) +{ + uint8_t c = b & 0xF; + // OTA, the least significant bits first + // The columns are + // 1 - Bit value to send + // 2 - Reversed (big-endian) + // 3 - Encoded + // 4 - Hex values + + switch(c){ + // 1 2 3 4 + case 15: return 0x55; // 1111 -> 1111 -> 01010101 -> 0x55 + case 14: return 0x95; // 1110 -> 0111 -> 10010101 -> 0x95 + case 13: return 0x65; // 1101 -> 1011 -> 01100101 -> 0x65 + case 12: return 0xa5; // 1100 -> 0011 -> 10100101 -> 0xa5 + case 11: return 0x59; // 1011 -> 1101 -> 01011001 -> 0x59 + case 10: return 0x99; // 1010 -> 0101 -> 10011001 -> 0x99 + case 9: return 0x69; // 1001 -> 1001 -> 01101001 -> 0x69 + case 8: return 0xa9; // 1000 -> 0001 -> 10101001 -> 0xa9 + case 7: return 0x56; // 0111 -> 1110 -> 01010110 -> 0x56 + case 6: return 0x96; // 0110 -> 0110 -> 10010110 -> 0x96 + case 5: return 0x66; // 0101 -> 1010 -> 01100110 -> 0x66 + case 4: return 0xa6; // 0100 -> 0010 -> 10100110 -> 0xa6 + case 3: return 0x5a; // 0011 -> 1100 -> 01011010 -> 0x5a + case 2: return 0x9a; // 0010 -> 0100 -> 10011010 -> 0x9a + case 1: return 0x6a; // 0001 -> 1000 -> 01101010 -> 0x6a + default: return 0xaa; // 0000 -> 0000 -> 10101010 -> 0xaa + + } +} //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Prepare tag messages //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- static void CodeIClassTagAnswer(const uint8_t *cmd, int len) { - //So far a dummy implementation, not used - //int lastProxToAirDuration =0; + + /* + * SOF comprises 3 parts; + * * An unmodulated time of 56.64 us + * * 24 pulses of 423.75 KHz (fc/32) + * * A logic 1, which starts with an unmodulated time of 18.88us + * followed by 8 pulses of 423.75kHz (fc/32) + * + * + * EOF comprises 3 parts: + * - A logic 0 (which starts with 8 pulses of fc/32 followed by an unmodulated + * time of 18.88us. + * - 24 pulses of fc/32 + * - An unmodulated time of 56.64 us + * + * + * A logic 0 starts with 8 pulses of fc/32 + * followed by an unmodulated time of 256/fc (~18,88us). + * + * A logic 0 starts with unmodulated time of 256/fc (~18,88us) followed by + * 8 pulses of fc/32 (also 18.88us) + * + * The mode FPGA_HF_SIMULATOR_MODULATE_424K_8BIT which we use to simulate tag, + * works like this. + * - A 1-bit input to the FPGA becomes 8 pulses on 423.5kHz (fc/32) (18.88us). + * - A 0-bit inptu to the FPGA becomes an unmodulated time of 18.88us + * + * In thist mode the SOF can be written as 00011101 = 0x1D + * The EOF can be written as 10111000 = 0xb8 + * A logic 1 is 01 + * A logic 0 is 10 + * + * */ + int i; ToSendReset(); // Send SOF - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0x00; - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0x00; - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0x00; - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0xff;//Proxtoair duration starts here - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0xff; - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0xff; - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0x00; - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0xff; + ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0x1D; for(i = 0; i < len; i++) { - int j; uint8_t b = cmd[i]; - - // Data bits - for(j = 0; j < 8; j++) { - if(b & 1) { - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0x00; - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0xff; - } else { - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0xff; - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0x00; - } - b >>= 1; - } + ToSend[++ToSendMax] = encode4Bits(b & 0xF); //Least significant half + ToSend[++ToSendMax] = encode4Bits((b >>4) & 0xF);//Most significant half } // Send EOF - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0xff; - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0x00; - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0xff; - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0xff; - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0xff; - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0x00; - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0x00; - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0x00; - + ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0xB8; //lastProxToAirDuration = 8*ToSendMax - 3*8 - 3*8;//Not counting zeroes in the beginning or end - // Convert from last byte pos to length ToSendMax++; } @@ -913,21 +956,13 @@ static void CodeIClassTagSOF() ToSendReset(); // Send SOF - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0x00; - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0x00; - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0x00; - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0xff; - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0xff; - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0xff; - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0x00; - ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0xff; - + ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0x1D; // lastProxToAirDuration = 8*ToSendMax - 3*8;//Not counting zeroes in the beginning - // Convert from last byte pos to length ToSendMax++; } + int doIClassSimulation(uint8_t csn[], int breakAfterMacReceived, uint8_t *reader_mac_buf); /** * @brief SimulateIClass simulates an iClass card. @@ -963,7 +998,7 @@ void SimulateIClass(uint32_t arg0, uint32_t arg1, uint32_t arg2, uint8_t *datain else if(simType == 2) { - uint8_t mac_responses[64] = { 0 }; + uint8_t mac_responses[USB_CMD_DATA_SIZE] = { 0 }; Dbprintf("Going into attack mode, %d CSNS sent", numberOfCSNS); // In this mode, a number of csns are within datain. We'll simulate each one, one at a time // in order to collect MAC's from the reader. This can later be used in an offlne-attack @@ -976,6 +1011,7 @@ void SimulateIClass(uint32_t arg0, uint32_t arg1, uint32_t arg2, uint8_t *datain memcpy(csn_crc, datain+(i*8), 8); if(doIClassSimulation(csn_crc,1,mac_responses+i*8)) { + cmd_send(CMD_ACK,CMD_SIMULATE_TAG_ICLASS,i,0,mac_responses,i*8); return; // Button pressed } } @@ -997,7 +1033,9 @@ void SimulateIClass(uint32_t arg0, uint32_t arg1, uint32_t arg2, uint8_t *datain */ int doIClassSimulation(uint8_t csn[], int breakAfterMacReceived, uint8_t *reader_mac_buf) { + // CSN followed by two CRC bytes + uint8_t response1[] = { 0x0F} ; uint8_t response2[] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }; uint8_t response3[] = { 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}; memcpy(response3,csn,sizeof(response3)); @@ -1020,29 +1058,29 @@ int doIClassSimulation(uint8_t csn[], int breakAfterMacReceived, uint8_t *reader // Reader 81 anticoll. CSN // Tag CSN - uint8_t *resp; - int respLen; - uint8_t* respdata = NULL; - int respsize = 0; - uint8_t sof = 0x0f; + uint8_t *modulated_response; + int modulated_response_size; + uint8_t* trace_data = NULL; + int trace_data_size = 0; + //uint8_t sof = 0x0f; - // Respond SOF -- takes 8 bytes + // Respond SOF -- takes 1 bytes uint8_t *resp1 = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + FREE_BUFFER_OFFSET); int resp1Len; // Anticollision CSN (rotated CSN) - // 176: Takes 16 bytes for SOF/EOF and 10 * 16 = 160 bytes (2 bytes/bit) - uint8_t *resp2 = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + FREE_BUFFER_OFFSET + 10); + // 22: Takes 2 bytes for SOF/EOF and 10 * 2 = 20 bytes (2 bytes/byte) + uint8_t *resp2 = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + FREE_BUFFER_OFFSET + 2); int resp2Len; // CSN - // 176: Takes 16 bytes for SOF/EOF and 10 * 16 = 160 bytes (2 bytes/bit) - uint8_t *resp3 = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + FREE_BUFFER_OFFSET + 190); + // 22: Takes 2 bytes for SOF/EOF and 10 * 2 = 20 bytes (2 bytes/byte) + uint8_t *resp3 = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + FREE_BUFFER_OFFSET + 30); int resp3Len; // e-Purse - // 144: Takes 16 bytes for SOF/EOF and 8 * 16 = 128 bytes (2 bytes/bit) - uint8_t *resp4 = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + FREE_BUFFER_OFFSET + 370); + // 18: Takes 2 bytes for SOF/EOF and 8 * 2 = 16 bytes (2 bytes/byte) + uint8_t *resp4 = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + FREE_BUFFER_OFFSET + 60); int resp4Len; // + 1720.. @@ -1089,11 +1127,6 @@ int doIClassSimulation(uint8_t csn[], int breakAfterMacReceived, uint8_t *reader LED_A_ON(); bool buttonPressed = false; - /** Hack for testing - memcpy(reader_mac_buf,csn,8); - exitLoop = true; - end hack **/ - while(!exitLoop) { LED_B_OFF(); @@ -1112,35 +1145,35 @@ int doIClassSimulation(uint8_t csn[], int breakAfterMacReceived, uint8_t *reader // Okay, look at the command now. if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x0a ) { // Reader in anticollission phase - resp = resp1; respLen = resp1Len; //order = 1; - respdata = &sof; - respsize = sizeof(sof); + modulated_response = resp1; modulated_response_size = resp1Len; //order = 1; + trace_data = response1; + trace_data_size = sizeof(response1); } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x0c) { // Reader asks for anticollission CSN - resp = resp2; respLen = resp2Len; //order = 2; - respdata = response2; - respsize = sizeof(response2); + modulated_response = resp2; modulated_response_size = resp2Len; //order = 2; + trace_data = response2; + trace_data_size = sizeof(response2); //DbpString("Reader requests anticollission CSN:"); } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x81) { // Reader selects anticollission CSN. // Tag sends the corresponding real CSN - resp = resp3; respLen = resp3Len; //order = 3; - respdata = response3; - respsize = sizeof(response3); + modulated_response = resp3; modulated_response_size = resp3Len; //order = 3; + trace_data = response3; + trace_data_size = sizeof(response3); //DbpString("Reader selects anticollission CSN:"); } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x88) { // Read e-purse (88 02) - resp = resp4; respLen = resp4Len; //order = 4; - respdata = response4; - respsize = sizeof(response4); + modulated_response = resp4; modulated_response_size = resp4Len; //order = 4; + trace_data = response4; + trace_data_size = sizeof(response4); LED_B_ON(); } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x05) { // Reader random and reader MAC!!! // Do not respond // We do not know what to answer, so lets keep quiet - resp = resp1; respLen = 0; //order = 5; - respdata = NULL; - respsize = 0; + modulated_response = resp1; modulated_response_size = 0; //order = 5; + trace_data = NULL; + trace_data_size = 0; if (breakAfterMacReceived){ // dbprintf:ing ... Dbprintf("CSN: %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x" @@ -1157,9 +1190,9 @@ int doIClassSimulation(uint8_t csn[], int breakAfterMacReceived, uint8_t *reader } } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x00 && len == 1) { // Reader ends the session - resp = resp1; respLen = 0; //order = 0; - respdata = NULL; - respsize = 0; + modulated_response = resp1; modulated_response_size = 0; //order = 0; + trace_data = NULL; + trace_data_size = 0; } else { //#db# Unknown command received from reader (len=5): 26 1 0 f6 a 44 44 44 44 // Never seen this command before @@ -1169,9 +1202,9 @@ int doIClassSimulation(uint8_t csn[], int breakAfterMacReceived, uint8_t *reader receivedCmd[3], receivedCmd[4], receivedCmd[5], receivedCmd[6], receivedCmd[7], receivedCmd[8]); // Do not respond - resp = resp1; respLen = 0; //order = 0; - respdata = NULL; - respsize = 0; + modulated_response = resp1; modulated_response_size = 0; //order = 0; + trace_data = NULL; + trace_data_size = 0; } if(cmdsRecvd > 100) { @@ -1181,9 +1214,16 @@ int doIClassSimulation(uint8_t csn[], int breakAfterMacReceived, uint8_t *reader else { cmdsRecvd++; } - - if(respLen > 0) { - SendIClassAnswer(resp, respLen, 21); + /** + After changes to parity calculation + Time between reader EOT and pm3 SOF + delay 21 -> 480uS + delay 10 -> 220us + delay 16 -> 388us + A legit tag has about 380us. + **/ + if(modulated_response_size > 0) { + SendIClassAnswer(modulated_response, modulated_response_size, 1); t2r_time = GetCountSspClk(); } @@ -1192,9 +1232,9 @@ int doIClassSimulation(uint8_t csn[], int breakAfterMacReceived, uint8_t *reader GetParity(receivedCmd, len, parity); LogTrace(receivedCmd,len, (r2t_time-time_0)<< 4, (r2t_time-time_0) << 4, parity, TRUE); - if (respdata != NULL) { - GetParity(respdata, respsize, parity); - LogTrace(respdata, respsize, (t2r_time-time_0) << 4, (t2r_time-time_0) << 4, parity, FALSE); + if (trace_data != NULL) { + GetParity(trace_data, trace_data_size, parity); + LogTrace(trace_data, trace_data_size, (t2r_time-time_0) << 4, (t2r_time-time_0) << 4, parity, FALSE); } if(!tracing) { DbpString("Trace full"); @@ -1208,6 +1248,8 @@ int doIClassSimulation(uint8_t csn[], int breakAfterMacReceived, uint8_t *reader //Dbprintf("%x", cmdsRecvd); LED_A_OFF(); LED_B_OFF(); + LED_C_OFF(); + if(buttonPressed) { DbpString("Button pressed"); @@ -1220,7 +1262,8 @@ static int SendIClassAnswer(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, int delay) int i = 0, d=0;//, u = 0, d = 0; uint8_t b = 0; - FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_SIMULATOR|FPGA_HF_SIMULATOR_MODULATE_424K); + //FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_SIMULATOR|FPGA_HF_SIMULATOR_MODULATE_424K); + FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_SIMULATOR|FPGA_HF_SIMULATOR_MODULATE_424K_8BIT); AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0x00; FpgaSetupSsc(); @@ -1244,7 +1287,8 @@ static int SendIClassAnswer(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, int delay) AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = b; } - if (i > respLen +4) break; +// if (i > respLen +4) break; + if (i > respLen +1) break; } return 0; diff --git a/fpga/fpga_hf.bit b/fpga/fpga_hf.bit index 5389428c..8b0c7a37 100644 Binary files a/fpga/fpga_hf.bit and b/fpga/fpga_hf.bit differ diff --git a/fpga/fpga_lf.bit b/fpga/fpga_lf.bit index e942921a..51b0681c 100644 Binary files a/fpga/fpga_lf.bit and b/fpga/fpga_lf.bit differ diff --git a/fpga/hi_simulate.v b/fpga/hi_simulate.v index c04ade80..0768c29d 100644 --- a/fpga/hi_simulate.v +++ b/fpga/hi_simulate.v @@ -50,12 +50,38 @@ begin else if(~(| adc_d[7:5])) after_hysteresis = 1'b0; end + // Divide 13.56 MHz by 32 to produce the SSP_CLK // The register is bigger to allow higher division factors of up to /128 -reg [6:0] ssp_clk_divider; +reg [10:0] ssp_clk_divider; + always @(posedge adc_clk) ssp_clk_divider <= (ssp_clk_divider + 1); -assign ssp_clk = ssp_clk_divider[4]; + +reg ssp_clk; +reg ssp_frame; +always @(negedge adc_clk) +begin + //If we're in 101, we only need a new bit every 8th carrier bit (53Hz). Otherwise, get next bit at 424Khz + if(mod_type == 3'b101) + begin + if(ssp_clk_divider[7:0] == 8'b00000000) + ssp_clk <= 1'b0; + if(ssp_clk_divider[7:0] == 8'b10000000) + ssp_clk <= 1'b1; + + end + else + begin + if(ssp_clk_divider[4:0] == 5'd0)//[4:0] == 5'b00000) + ssp_clk <= 1'b1; + if(ssp_clk_divider[4:0] == 5'd16) //[4:0] == 5'b10000) + ssp_clk <= 1'b0; + end +end + + +//assign ssp_clk = ssp_clk_divider[4]; // Divide SSP_CLK by 8 to produce the byte framing signal; the phase of // this is arbitrary, because it's just a bitstream. @@ -69,12 +95,13 @@ reg [2:0] ssp_frame_divider_from_arm; always @(negedge ssp_clk) ssp_frame_divider_from_arm <= (ssp_frame_divider_from_arm + 1); -reg ssp_frame; + + always @(ssp_frame_divider_to_arm or ssp_frame_divider_from_arm or mod_type) if(mod_type == 3'b000) // not modulating, so listening, to ARM ssp_frame = (ssp_frame_divider_to_arm == 3'b000); else - ssp_frame = (ssp_frame_divider_from_arm == 3'b000); + ssp_frame = (ssp_frame_divider_from_arm == 3'b000); // Synchronize up the after-hysteresis signal, to produce DIN. reg ssp_din; @@ -90,7 +117,7 @@ always @(mod_type or ssp_clk or ssp_dout) modulating_carrier <= ssp_dout ^ ssp_clk_divider[3]; // XOR means BPSK else if(mod_type == 3'b010) modulating_carrier <= ssp_dout & ssp_clk_divider[5]; // switch 212kHz subcarrier on/off - else if(mod_type == 3'b100) + else if(mod_type == 3'b100 || mod_type == 3'b101) modulating_carrier <= ssp_dout & ssp_clk_divider[4]; // switch 424kHz modulation on/off else modulating_carrier <= 1'b0; // yet unused @@ -106,7 +133,7 @@ assign pwr_oe4 = modulating_carrier; // This one is always on, so that we can watch the carrier. assign pwr_oe3 = 1'b0; -assign dbg = after_hysteresis; +assign dbg = modulating_carrier; //reg dbg; //always @(ssp_dout) // dbg <= ssp_dout;