]> git.zerfleddert.de Git - proxmark3-svn/blobdiff - armsrc/iso14443a.c
CHG: print_hex_break now prints rownumber instead of byte position
[proxmark3-svn] / armsrc / iso14443a.c
index d887cd5560d590da810cb12e75cc83c0243e7c37..c7fc06ec3f05be13cbec332fb79d0aafdd0757eb 100644 (file)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Merlok - June 2011, 2012
 // Gerhard de Koning Gans - May 2008
 // Hagen Fritsch - June 2010
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 #include "crapto1.h"
 #include "mifareutil.h"
 #include "BigBuf.h"
+#include "parity.h"
+
 static uint32_t iso14a_timeout;
 int rsamples = 0;
 uint8_t trigger = 0;
@@ -104,8 +106,6 @@ static uint32_t NextTransferTime;
 static uint32_t LastTimeProxToAirStart;
 static uint32_t LastProxToAirDuration;
 
-
-
 // CARD TO READER - manchester
 // Sequence D: 11110000 modulation with subcarrier during first half
 // Sequence E: 00001111 modulation with subcarrier during second half
@@ -121,37 +121,15 @@ static uint32_t LastProxToAirDuration;
 #define        SEC_Y 0x00
 #define        SEC_Z 0xc0
 
-const uint8_t OddByteParity[256] = {
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1
-};
-
-
 void iso14a_set_trigger(bool enable) {
        trigger = enable;
 }
 
-
 void iso14a_set_timeout(uint32_t timeout) {
        iso14a_timeout = timeout;
        if(MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("ISO14443A Timeout set to %ld (%dms)", iso14a_timeout, iso14a_timeout / 106);
 }
 
-
 void iso14a_set_ATS_timeout(uint8_t *ats) {
 
        uint8_t tb1;
@@ -160,29 +138,26 @@ void iso14a_set_ATS_timeout(uint8_t *ats) {
        
        if (ats[0] > 1) {                                                       // there is a format byte T0
                if ((ats[1] & 0x20) == 0x20) {                  // there is an interface byte TB(1)
-                       if ((ats[1] & 0x10) == 0x10) {          // there is an interface byte TA(1) preceding TB(1)
+
+                       if ((ats[1] & 0x10) == 0x10)            // there is an interface byte TA(1) preceding TB(1)
                                tb1 = ats[3];
-                       } else {
+                       else
                                tb1 = ats[2];
-                       }
+
                        fwi = (tb1 & 0xf0) >> 4;                        // frame waiting indicator (FWI)
-                       fwt = 256 * 16 * (1 << fwi);            // frame waiting time (FWT) in 1/fc
+                       //fwt = 256 * 16 * (1 << fwi);          // frame waiting time (FWT) in 1/fc
+                       fwt = 4096 * (1 << fwi);
                        
-                       iso14a_set_timeout(fwt/(8*16));
+                       //iso14a_set_timeout(fwt/(8*16));
+                       iso14a_set_timeout(fwt/128);
                }
        }
 }
 
-
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Generate the parity value for a byte sequence
 //
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-byte_t oddparity (const byte_t bt)
-{
-       return OddByteParity[bt];
-}
-
 void GetParity(const uint8_t *pbtCmd, uint16_t iLen, uint8_t *par)
 {
        uint16_t paritybit_cnt = 0;
@@ -191,7 +166,7 @@ void GetParity(const uint8_t *pbtCmd, uint16_t iLen, uint8_t *par)
 
        for (uint16_t i = 0; i < iLen; i++) {
                // Generate the parity bits
-               parityBits |= ((OddByteParity[pbtCmd[i]]) << (7-paritybit_cnt));
+               parityBits |= ((oddparity8(pbtCmd[i])) << (7-paritybit_cnt));
                if (paritybit_cnt == 7) {
                        par[paritybyte_cnt] = parityBits;       // save 8 Bits parity
                        parityBits = 0;                                         // and advance to next Parity Byte
@@ -565,19 +540,18 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffIso14443a(uint8_t param) {
        // param:
        // bit 0 - trigger from first card answer
        // bit 1 - trigger from first reader 7-bit request
-       
        LEDsoff();
 
-       // We won't start recording the frames that we acquire until we trigger;
-       // a good trigger condition to get started is probably when we see a
-       // response from the tag.
-       // triggered == FALSE -- to wait first for card
-       bool triggered = !(param & 0x03); 
+       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_SNIFFER);
        
        // Allocate memory from BigBuf for some buffers
        // free all previous allocations first
        BigBuf_free();
-
+       
+       // init trace buffer
+       clear_trace();
+       set_tracing(TRUE);
+       
        // The command (reader -> tag) that we're receiving.
        uint8_t *receivedCmd = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_FRAME_SIZE);
        uint8_t *receivedCmdPar = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_PARITY_SIZE);
@@ -589,10 +563,6 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffIso14443a(uint8_t param) {
        // The DMA buffer, used to stream samples from the FPGA
        uint8_t *dmaBuf = BigBuf_malloc(DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
 
-       // init trace buffer
-       clear_trace();
-       set_tracing(TRUE);
-
        uint8_t *data = dmaBuf;
        uint8_t previous_data = 0;
        int maxDataLen = 0;
@@ -600,8 +570,6 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffIso14443a(uint8_t param) {
        bool TagIsActive = FALSE;
        bool ReaderIsActive = FALSE;
        
-       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_SNIFFER);
-
        // Set up the demodulator for tag -> reader responses.
        DemodInit(receivedResponse, receivedResponsePar);
        
@@ -611,6 +579,12 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffIso14443a(uint8_t param) {
        // Setup and start DMA.
        FpgaSetupSscDma((uint8_t *)dmaBuf, DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
        
+       // We won't start recording the frames that we acquire until we trigger;
+       // a good trigger condition to get started is probably when we see a
+       // response from the tag.
+       // triggered == FALSE -- to wait first for card
+       bool triggered = !(param & 0x03); 
+       
        // And now we loop, receiving samples.
        for(uint32_t rsamples = 0; TRUE; ) {
 
@@ -673,7 +647,6 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffIso14443a(uint8_t param) {
                                        }
                                        /* And ready to receive another command. */
                                        UartReset();
-                                       //UartInit(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar);
                                        /* And also reset the demod code, which might have been */
                                        /* false-triggered by the commands from the reader. */
                                        DemodReset();
@@ -715,12 +688,13 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffIso14443a(uint8_t param) {
                }
        } // main cycle
 
-       DbpString("COMMAND FINISHED");
-
        FpgaDisableSscDma();
+       LEDsoff();
+
        Dbprintf("maxDataLen=%d, Uart.state=%x, Uart.len=%d", maxDataLen, Uart.state, Uart.len);
        Dbprintf("traceLen=%d, Uart.output[0]=%08x", BigBuf_get_traceLen(), (uint32_t)Uart.output[0]);
-       LEDsoff();
+       
+       set_tracing(FALSE);     
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -938,9 +912,9 @@ bool prepare_allocated_tag_modulation(tag_response_info_t* response_info) {
 // Main loop of simulated tag: receive commands from reader, decide what
 // response to send, and send it.
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
+void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, byte_t* data)
 {
-
+       uint32_t counters[] = {0,0,0};
        //Here, we collect UID,NT,AR,NR,UID2,NT2,AR2,NR2
        // This can be used in a reader-only attack.
        // (it can also be retrieved via 'hf 14a list', but hey...
@@ -950,10 +924,10 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
        uint8_t sak;
                                        
        // PACK response to PWD AUTH for EV1/NTAG
-       uint8_t response8[4];
+       uint8_t response8[4] =  {0,0,0,0};
        
        // The first response contains the ATQA (note: bytes are transmitted in reverse order).
-       uint8_t response1[2];
+       uint8_t response1[2] =  {0,0};
        
        switch (tagType) {
                case 1: { // MIFARE Classic
@@ -1001,6 +975,15 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                        response8[0] = 0x80;
                        response8[1] = 0x80;
                        ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response8, 2, &response8[2], &response8[3]);
+                       // uid not supplied then get from emulator memory
+                       if (data[0]==0) {
+                               uint16_t start = 4 * (0+12);  
+                               uint8_t emdata[8];
+                               emlGetMemBt( emdata, start, sizeof(emdata));
+                               memcpy(data, emdata, 3); //uid bytes 0-2
+                               memcpy(data+3, emdata+4, 4); //uid bytes 3-7
+                               flags |= FLAG_7B_UID_IN_DATA;
+                       }
                } break;                
                default: {
                        Dbprintf("Error: unkown tagtype (%d)",tagType);
@@ -1050,7 +1033,7 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
        response3a[0] = sak & 0xFB;
        ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response3a, 1, &response3a[1], &response3a[2]);
 
-       uint8_t response5[] = { 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01 }; // Very random tag nonce
+       uint8_t response5[] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }; // Very random tag nonce
        uint8_t response6[] = { 0x04, 0x58, 0x80, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00 }; // dummy ATS (pseudo-ATR), answer to RATS: 
        // Format byte = 0x58: FSCI=0x08 (FSC=256), TA(1) and TC(1) present, 
        // TA(1) = 0x80: different divisors not supported, DR = 1, DS = 1
@@ -1058,12 +1041,12 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
        // TC(1) = 0x02: CID supported, NAD not supported
        ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response6, 4, &response6[4], &response6[5]);
 
-       // Prepare GET_VERSION (different for EV-1 / NTAG)
+       // Prepare GET_VERSION (different for UL EV-1 / NTAG)
        //uint8_t response7_EV1[] = {0x00, 0x04, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x0b, 0x03, 0xfd, 0xf7};  //EV1 48bytes VERSION.
-       uint8_t response7_NTAG[] = {0x00, 0x04, 0x04, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x11, 0x03, 0x01, 0x9e}; //NTAG 215
+       //uint8_t response7_NTAG[] = {0x00, 0x04, 0x04, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x11, 0x03, 0x01, 0x9e}; //NTAG 215
        
        // Prepare CHK_TEARING
-       uint8_t response9[] =  {0xBD,0x90,0x3f};
+       //uint8_t response9[] =  {0xBD,0x90,0x3f};
        
        #define TAG_RESPONSE_COUNT 10
        tag_response_info_t responses[TAG_RESPONSE_COUNT] = {
@@ -1074,10 +1057,12 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                { .response = response3a, .response_n = sizeof(response3a) },  // Acknowledge select - cascade 2
                { .response = response5,  .response_n = sizeof(response5)  },  // Authentication answer (random nonce)
                { .response = response6,  .response_n = sizeof(response6)  },  // dummy ATS (pseudo-ATR), answer to RATS
-               { .response = response7_NTAG,  .response_n = sizeof(response7_NTAG)  },  // EV1/NTAG GET_VERSION response
-               { .response = response8,   .response_n = sizeof(response8) },  // EV1/NTAG PACK response
-               { .response = response9,   .response_n = sizeof(response9) }  // EV1/NTAG CHK_TEAR response
-       };
+
+               { .response = response8,   .response_n = sizeof(response8) }  // EV1/NTAG PACK response
+       };      
+               //{ .response = response7_NTAG, .response_n = sizeof(response7_NTAG)}, // EV1/NTAG GET_VERSION response
+               //{ .response = response9,      .response_n = sizeof(response9)     }  // EV1/NTAG CHK_TEAR response
+       
 
        // Allocate 512 bytes for the dynamic modulation, created when the reader queries for it
        // Such a response is less time critical, so we can prepare them on the fly
@@ -1092,6 +1077,9 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                .modulation_n = 0
        };
   
+       // We need to listen to the high-frequency, peak-detected path.
+       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);
+
        BigBuf_free_keep_EM();
 
        // allocate buffers:
@@ -1105,9 +1093,8 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
 
        // Prepare the responses of the anticollision phase
        // there will be not enough time to do this at the moment the reader sends it REQA
-       for (size_t i=0; i<TAG_RESPONSE_COUNT; i++) {
+       for (size_t i=0; i<TAG_RESPONSE_COUNT; i++)
                prepare_allocated_tag_modulation(&responses[i]);
-       }
 
        int len = 0;
 
@@ -1120,16 +1107,15 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
        int happened2 = 0;
        int cmdsRecvd = 0;
 
-       // We need to listen to the high-frequency, peak-detected path.
-       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);
-
        cmdsRecvd = 0;
        tag_response_info_t* p_response;
 
        LED_A_ON();
        for(;;) {
-               // Clean receive command buffer
                
+               WDT_HIT();
+               
+               // Clean receive command buffer
                if(!GetIso14443aCommandFromReader(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar, &len)) {
                        DbpString("Button press");
                        break;
@@ -1153,42 +1139,28 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                        p_response = &responses[4]; order = 30;
                } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x30) {     // Received a (plain) READ
                        uint8_t block = receivedCmd[1];
-                       if ( tagType == 7 ) {
-                               uint8_t start = 4 * block;
-                               
-                               if ( block < 4 ) {
-                                   //NTAG 215
-                                       uint8_t blockdata[50] = {
-                                       data[0],data[1],data[2], 0x88 ^ data[0] ^ data[1] ^ data[2],
-                                       data[3],data[4],data[5],data[6],
-                                       data[3] ^ data[4] ^ data[5] ^ data[6],0x48,0x0f,0xe0,
-                                       0xe1,0x10,0x12,0x00,
-                                       0x03,0x00,0xfe,0x00, 
-                                       0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
-                                       0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
-                                       0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
-                                       0x00,0x00};
-                                       AppendCrc14443a(blockdata+start, 16);
-                                       EmSendCmdEx( blockdata+start, MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE, false);
-                               } else {        
+                       // if Ultralight or NTAG (4 byte blocks)
+                       if ( tagType == 7 || tagType == 2 ) {
+                               //first 12 blocks of emu are [getversion answer - check tearing - pack - 0x00 - signature]
+                               uint16_t start = 4 * (block+12);  
                                        uint8_t emdata[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE];
                                        emlGetMemBt( emdata, start, 16);
                                        AppendCrc14443a(emdata, 16);
                                        EmSendCmdEx(emdata, sizeof(emdata), false);                             
-                               }
+                               // We already responded, do not send anything with the EmSendCmd14443aRaw() that is called below
                                p_response = NULL;
-                               
-                       } else {                        
-                               EmSendCmdEx(data+(4*block),16,false);
+                       } else { // all other tags (16 byte block tags)
+                               EmSendCmdEx(data+(4*receivedCmd[1]),16,false);
                                // Dbprintf("Read request from reader: %x %x",receivedCmd[0],receivedCmd[1]);
                                // We already responded, do not send anything with the EmSendCmd14443aRaw() that is called below
                                p_response = NULL;
                        }
-               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x3A) {     // Received a FAST READ (ranged read) -- just returns all zeros.
+               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x3A) {     // Received a FAST READ (ranged read)
                                
                                uint8_t emdata[MAX_FRAME_SIZE];
-                               int start =  receivedCmd[1] * 4;
-                               int len   = (receivedCmd[2] - receivedCmd[1]) * 4;
+                               //first 12 blocks of emu are [getversion answer - check tearing - pack - 0x00 - signature]
+                               int start =  (receivedCmd[1]+12) * 4; 
+                               int len   = (receivedCmd[2] - receivedCmd[1] + 1) * 4;
                                emlGetMemBt( emdata, start, len);
                                AppendCrc14443a(emdata, len);
                                EmSendCmdEx(emdata, len+2, false);                              
@@ -1196,30 +1168,63 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                                
                } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x3C && tagType == 7) {     // Received a READ SIGNATURE -- 
                                // ECC data,  taken from a NTAG215 amiibo token. might work. LEN: 32, + 2 crc
-                               uint8_t data[] = {0x56,0x06,0xa6,0x4f,0x43,0x32,0x53,0x6f,
-                                                                 0x43,0xda,0x45,0xd6,0x61,0x38,0xaa,0x1e,
-                                                                 0xcf,0xd3,0x61,0x36,0xca,0x5f,0xbb,0x05,
-                                                                 0xce,0x21,0x24,0x5b,0xa6,0x7a,0x79,0x07,
-                                                                 0x00,0x00};
-                               AppendCrc14443a(data, sizeof(data)-2);
-                               EmSendCmdEx(data,sizeof(data),false);                           
+                               //first 12 blocks of emu are [getversion answer - check tearing - pack - 0x00 - signature]
+                               uint16_t start = 4 * 4;
+                               uint8_t emdata[34];
+                               emlGetMemBt( emdata, start, 32);
+                               AppendCrc14443a(emdata, 32);
+                               EmSendCmdEx(emdata, sizeof(emdata), false);
+                               //uint8_t data[] = {0x56,0x06,0xa6,0x4f,0x43,0x32,0x53,0x6f,
+                               //                                0x43,0xda,0x45,0xd6,0x61,0x38,0xaa,0x1e,
+                               //                                0xcf,0xd3,0x61,0x36,0xca,0x5f,0xbb,0x05,
+                               //                                0xce,0x21,0x24,0x5b,0xa6,0x7a,0x79,0x07,
+                               //                                0x00,0x00};
+                               //AppendCrc14443a(data, sizeof(data)-2);
+                               //EmSendCmdEx(data,sizeof(data),false);
                                p_response = NULL;                                      
-               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x39 && tagType == 7) {     // Received a READ COUNTER -- 
-                               uint8_t data[] =  {0x00,0x00,0x00,0x14,0xa5};
-                               EmSendCmdEx(data,sizeof(data),false);                           
-                               p_response = NULL;
+               } else if (receivedCmd[0] == 0x39 && tagType == 7) {    // Received a READ COUNTER -- 
+                       uint8_t index = receivedCmd[1];
+                       uint8_t data[] =  {0x00,0x00,0x00,0x14,0xa5};
+                       if ( counters[index] > 0) {
+                               num_to_bytes(counters[index], 3, data);
+                               AppendCrc14443a(data, sizeof(data)-2);
+                       }
+                       EmSendCmdEx(data,sizeof(data),false);                           
+                       p_response = NULL;
+               } else if (receivedCmd[0] == 0xA5 && tagType == 7) {    // Received a INC COUNTER -- 
+                       // number of counter
+                       uint8_t counter = receivedCmd[1];
+                       uint32_t val = bytes_to_num(receivedCmd+2,4);
+                       counters[counter] = val;
+               
+                       // send ACK
+                       uint8_t ack[] = {0x0a};
+                       EmSendCmdEx(ack,sizeof(ack),false);
+                       p_response = NULL;
+                       
                } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x3E && tagType == 7) {     // Received a CHECK_TEARING_EVENT -- 
-                               p_response = &responses[9];                             
+                       //first 12 blocks of emu are [getversion answer - check tearing - pack - 0x00 - signature]
+                       uint8_t emdata[3];
+                       uint8_t counter=0;
+                       if (receivedCmd[1]<3) counter = receivedCmd[1];
+                       emlGetMemBt( emdata, 10+counter, 1);
+                       AppendCrc14443a(emdata, sizeof(emdata)-2);
+                       EmSendCmdEx(emdata, sizeof(emdata), false);     
+                       p_response = NULL;
+                       //p_response = &responses[9];                           
+               
                } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x50) {     // Received a HALT
-
-                       if (tracing) {
-                               LogTrace(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, TRUE);
-                       }
+                       LogTrace(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, TRUE);
                        p_response = NULL;
                } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x60 || receivedCmd[0] == 0x61) {   // Received an authentication request
                                        
                        if ( tagType == 7 ) {   // IF NTAG /EV1  0x60 == GET_VERSION, not a authentication request.
-                               p_response = &responses[7];
+                               uint8_t emdata[10];
+                               emlGetMemBt( emdata, 0, 8 );
+                               AppendCrc14443a(emdata, sizeof(emdata)-2);
+                               EmSendCmdEx(emdata, sizeof(emdata), false);     
+                               p_response = NULL;
+                               //p_response = &responses[7];
                        } else {
                                p_response = &responses[5]; order = 7;
                        }
@@ -1231,9 +1236,7 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                                p_response = &responses[6]; order = 70;
                        }
                } else if (order == 7 && len == 8) { // Received {nr] and {ar} (part of authentication)
-                       if (tracing) {
-                               LogTrace(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, TRUE);
-                       }
+                       LogTrace(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, TRUE);
                        uint32_t nonce = bytes_to_num(response5,4);
                        uint32_t nr = bytes_to_num(receivedCmd,4);
                        uint32_t ar = bytes_to_num(receivedCmd+4,4);
@@ -1266,6 +1269,16 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                                                                ar_nr_responses[8], // AR2
                                                                ar_nr_responses[9]  // NR2
                                                        );
+                                                       Dbprintf("../tools/mfkey/mfkey32v2 %06x%08x %08x %08x %08x %08x %08x %08x",
+                                                               ar_nr_responses[0], // UID1
+                                                               ar_nr_responses[1], // UID2
+                                                               ar_nr_responses[2], // NT1
+                                                               ar_nr_responses[3], // AR1
+                                                               ar_nr_responses[4], // NR1
+                                                               ar_nr_responses[7], // NT2
+                                                               ar_nr_responses[8], // AR2
+                                                               ar_nr_responses[9]  // NR2
+                                                               );
                                        }
                                        uint8_t len = ar_nr_collected*5*4;
                                        cmd_send(CMD_ACK,CMD_SIMULATE_MIFARE_CARD,len,0,&ar_nr_responses,len);
@@ -1280,15 +1293,29 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                else if (receivedCmd[0] == 0x1b) // NTAG / EV-1 authentication
                {
                        if ( tagType == 7 ) {
-                               p_response =  &responses[8]; // PACK response
+                               uint16_t start = 13; //first 4 blocks of emu are [getversion answer - check tearing - pack - 0x00]
+                               uint8_t emdata[4];
+                               emlGetMemBt( emdata, start, 2);
+                               AppendCrc14443a(emdata, 2);
+                               EmSendCmdEx(emdata, sizeof(emdata), false);
+                               p_response = NULL;
+                               //p_response =  &responses[8]; // PACK response
+                               uint32_t pwd = bytes_to_num(receivedCmd+1,4);
+                               
+                               if ( MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3)  Dbprintf("Auth attempt: %08x", pwd);    
                        }
-               }
-               else {
+               } else {
                        // Check for ISO 14443A-4 compliant commands, look at left nibble
                        switch (receivedCmd[0]) {
-
+                               case 0x02:
+                               case 0x03: {  // IBlock (command no CID)
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response[0] = receivedCmd[0];
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response[1] = 0x90;
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response[2] = 0x00;
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response_n = 3;
+                               } break;
                                case 0x0B:
-                               case 0x0A: { // IBlock (command)
+                               case 0x0A: { // IBlock (command CID)
                                  dynamic_response_info.response[0] = receivedCmd[0];
                                  dynamic_response_info.response[1] = 0x00;
                                  dynamic_response_info.response[2] = 0x90;
@@ -1308,22 +1335,22 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                                  dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
                                } break;
                                  
-                               case 0xBA: { //
-                                 memcpy(dynamic_response_info.response,"\xAB\x00",2);
-                                 dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
+                               case 0xBA: { // ping / pong
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response[0] = 0xAB;
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response[1] = 0x00;
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
                                } break;
 
                                case 0xCA:
                                case 0xC2: { // Readers sends deselect command
-                                 memcpy(dynamic_response_info.response,"\xCA\x00",2);
-                                 dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response[0] = 0xCA;
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response[1] = 0x00;
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
                                } break;
 
                                default: {
                                        // Never seen this command before
-                                       if (tracing) {
-                                               LogTrace(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, TRUE);
-                                       }
+                                       LogTrace(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, TRUE);
                                        Dbprintf("Received unknown command (len=%d):",len);
                                        Dbhexdump(len,receivedCmd,false);
                                        // Do not respond
@@ -1341,9 +1368,7 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
         
                                if (prepare_tag_modulation(&dynamic_response_info,DYNAMIC_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE) == false) {
                                        Dbprintf("Error preparing tag response");
-                                       if (tracing) {
-                                               LogTrace(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, TRUE);
-                                       }
+                                       LogTrace(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, TRUE);
                                        break;
                                }
                                p_response = &dynamic_response_info;
@@ -1365,7 +1390,7 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                if (p_response != NULL) {
                        EmSendCmd14443aRaw(p_response->modulation, p_response->modulation_n, receivedCmd[0] == 0x52);
                        // do the tracing for the previous reader request and this tag answer:
-                       uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];
+                       uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE] = {0x00};
                        GetParity(p_response->response, p_response->response_n, par);
        
                        EmLogTrace(Uart.output, 
@@ -1387,12 +1412,15 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
        }
 
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
+       set_tracing(FALSE);
        BigBuf_free_keep_EM();
        LED_A_OFF();
        
-       Dbprintf("-[ Wake ups after halt [%d]", happened);
-       Dbprintf("-[ Messages after halt [%d]", happened2);
-       Dbprintf("-[ Num of received cmd [%d]", cmdsRecvd);
+       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4){
+               Dbprintf("-[ Wake ups after halt [%d]", happened);
+               Dbprintf("-[ Messages after halt [%d]", happened2);
+               Dbprintf("-[ Num of received cmd [%d]", cmdsRecvd);
+       }
 }
 
 
@@ -1403,13 +1431,13 @@ void PrepareDelayedTransfer(uint16_t delay)
        uint8_t bitmask = 0;
        uint8_t bits_to_shift = 0;
        uint8_t bits_shifted = 0;
-       
+
        delay &= 0x07;
        if (delay) {
                for (uint16_t i = 0; i < delay; i++) {
-                       bitmask |= (0x01 << i);
+                       bitmask |= (1 << i);
                }
-               ToSend[ToSendMax++] = 0x00;
+               ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0x00;
                for (uint16_t i = 0; i < ToSendMax; i++) {
                        bits_to_shift = ToSend[i] & bitmask;
                        ToSend[i] = ToSend[i] >> delay;
@@ -1430,7 +1458,6 @@ void PrepareDelayedTransfer(uint16_t delay)
 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 static void TransmitFor14443a(const uint8_t *cmd, uint16_t len, uint32_t *timing)
 {
-       
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);
 
        uint32_t ThisTransferTime = 0;
@@ -1442,6 +1469,7 @@ static void TransmitFor14443a(const uint8_t *cmd, uint16_t len, uint32_t *timing
                        PrepareDelayedTransfer(*timing & 0x00000007);           // Delay transfer (fine tuning - up to 7 MF clock ticks)
                }
                if(MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4 && GetCountSspClk() >= (*timing & 0xfffffff8)) Dbprintf("TransmitFor14443a: Missed timing");
+               
                while(GetCountSspClk() < (*timing & 0xfffffff8));               // Delay transfer (multiple of 8 MF clock ticks)
                LastTimeProxToAirStart = *timing;
        } else {
@@ -1457,10 +1485,9 @@ static void TransmitFor14443a(const uint8_t *cmd, uint16_t len, uint32_t *timing
        for(;;) {
                if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
                        AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = cmd[c];
-                       c++;
-                       if(c >= len) {
+                       ++c;
+                       if(c >= len)
                                break;
-                       }
                }
        }
        
@@ -1474,7 +1501,7 @@ static void TransmitFor14443a(const uint8_t *cmd, uint16_t len, uint32_t *timing
 void CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(const uint8_t *cmd, uint16_t bits, const uint8_t *parity)
 {
        int i, j;
-       int last;
+       int last = 0;
        uint8_t b;
 
        ToSendReset();
@@ -1482,7 +1509,6 @@ void CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(const uint8_t *cmd, uint16_t bits, const uint8
        // Start of Communication (Seq. Z)
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Z;
        LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * (ToSendMax+1) - 6;
-       last = 0;
 
        size_t bytecount = nbytes(bits);
        // Generate send structure for the data bits
@@ -1546,7 +1572,7 @@ void CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(const uint8_t *cmd, uint16_t bits, const uint8
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
 
        // Convert to length of command:
-       ToSendMax++;
+       ++ToSendMax;
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1554,7 +1580,8 @@ void CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(const uint8_t *cmd, uint16_t bits, const uint8
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 void CodeIso14443aAsReaderPar(const uint8_t *cmd, uint16_t len, const uint8_t *parity)
 {
-  CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(cmd, len*8, parity);
+  //CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(cmd, len*8, parity);
+  CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(cmd, len<<3, parity);
 }
 
 
@@ -1673,13 +1700,11 @@ static int EmSendCmd14443aRaw(uint8_t *resp, uint16_t respLen, bool correctionNe
                        FpgaSendQueueDelay = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
                }
        
-               if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
-                       break;
-               }
+               if(BUTTON_PRESS()) break;
        }
 
        // Ensure that the FPGA Delay Queue is empty before we switch to TAGSIM_LISTEN again:
-       uint8_t fpga_queued_bits = FpgaSendQueueDelay >> 3;
+       uint8_t fpga_queued_bits = FpgaSendQueueDelay >> 3;  // twich /8 ??   >>3, 
        for (i = 0; i <= fpga_queued_bits/8 + 1; ) {
                if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
                        AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = SEC_F;
@@ -1697,7 +1722,7 @@ int EmSend4bitEx(uint8_t resp, bool correctionNeeded){
        Code4bitAnswerAsTag(resp);
        int res = EmSendCmd14443aRaw(ToSend, ToSendMax, correctionNeeded);
        // do the tracing for the previous reader request and this tag answer:
-       uint8_t par[1];
+       uint8_t par[1] = {0x00};
        GetParity(&resp, 1, par);
        EmLogTrace(Uart.output, 
                                Uart.len, 
@@ -1734,13 +1759,13 @@ int EmSendCmdExPar(uint8_t *resp, uint16_t respLen, bool correctionNeeded, uint8
 }
 
 int EmSendCmdEx(uint8_t *resp, uint16_t respLen, bool correctionNeeded){
-       uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];
+       uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE] = {0x00};
        GetParity(resp, respLen, par);
        return EmSendCmdExPar(resp, respLen, correctionNeeded, par);
 }
 
 int EmSendCmd(uint8_t *resp, uint16_t respLen){
-       uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];
+       uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE] = {0x00};
        GetParity(resp, respLen, par);
        return EmSendCmdExPar(resp, respLen, false, par);
 }
@@ -1752,21 +1777,20 @@ int EmSendCmdPar(uint8_t *resp, uint16_t respLen, uint8_t *par){
 bool EmLogTrace(uint8_t *reader_data, uint16_t reader_len, uint32_t reader_StartTime, uint32_t reader_EndTime, uint8_t *reader_Parity,
                                 uint8_t *tag_data, uint16_t tag_len, uint32_t tag_StartTime, uint32_t tag_EndTime, uint8_t *tag_Parity)
 {
-       if (tracing) {
-               // we cannot exactly measure the end and start of a received command from reader. However we know that the delay from
-               // end of the received command to start of the tag's (simulated by us) answer is n*128+20 or n*128+84 resp.
-               // with n >= 9. The start of the tags answer can be measured and therefore the end of the received command be calculated:
-               uint16_t reader_modlen = reader_EndTime - reader_StartTime;
-               uint16_t approx_fdt = tag_StartTime - reader_EndTime;
-               uint16_t exact_fdt = (approx_fdt - 20 + 32)/64 * 64 + 20;
-               reader_EndTime = tag_StartTime - exact_fdt;
-               reader_StartTime = reader_EndTime - reader_modlen;
-               if (!LogTrace(reader_data, reader_len, reader_StartTime, reader_EndTime, reader_Parity, TRUE)) {
-                       return FALSE;
-               } else return(!LogTrace(tag_data, tag_len, tag_StartTime, tag_EndTime, tag_Parity, FALSE));
-       } else {
-               return TRUE;
-       }
+       // we cannot exactly measure the end and start of a received command from reader. However we know that the delay from
+       // end of the received command to start of the tag's (simulated by us) answer is n*128+20 or n*128+84 resp.
+       // with n >= 9. The start of the tags answer can be measured and therefore the end of the received command be calculated:
+       uint16_t reader_modlen = reader_EndTime - reader_StartTime;
+       uint16_t approx_fdt = tag_StartTime - reader_EndTime;
+       uint16_t exact_fdt = (approx_fdt - 20 + 32)/64 * 64 + 20;
+       reader_EndTime = tag_StartTime - exact_fdt;
+       reader_StartTime = reader_EndTime - reader_modlen;
+               
+       if (!LogTrace(reader_data, reader_len, reader_StartTime, reader_EndTime, reader_Parity, TRUE))
+               return FALSE;
+       else 
+               return(!LogTrace(tag_data, tag_len, tag_StartTime, tag_EndTime, tag_Parity, FALSE));
+
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1805,7 +1829,6 @@ static int GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(uint8_t *receivedResponse, uint8_t *receive
        }
 }
 
-
 void ReaderTransmitBitsPar(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t bits, uint8_t *par, uint32_t *timing)
 {
        CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(frame, bits, par);
@@ -1816,72 +1839,75 @@ void ReaderTransmitBitsPar(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t bits, uint8_t *par, uint32_t
                LED_A_ON();
   
        // Log reader command in trace buffer
-       if (tracing) {
-               LogTrace(frame, nbytes(bits), LastTimeProxToAirStart*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER, (LastTimeProxToAirStart + LastProxToAirDuration)*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER, par, TRUE);
-       }
+       //LogTrace(frame, nbytes(bits), LastTimeProxToAirStart*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER, (LastTimeProxToAirStart + LastProxToAirDuration)*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER, par, TRUE);
+       LogTrace(frame, nbytes(bits), (LastTimeProxToAirStart<<4) + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER, ((LastTimeProxToAirStart + LastProxToAirDuration)<<4) + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER, par, TRUE);
 }
 
-
 void ReaderTransmitPar(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t len, uint8_t *par, uint32_t *timing)
 {
-  ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame, len*8, par, timing);
+  //ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame, len*8, par, timing);
+  ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame, len<<3, par, timing);
 }
 
-
 void ReaderTransmitBits(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t len, uint32_t *timing)
 {
   // Generate parity and redirect
-  uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];
-  GetParity(frame, len/8, par);
+  uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE] = {0x00};
+  //GetParity(frame, len/8, par);
+  GetParity(frame, len >> 3, par);
   ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame, len, par, timing);
 }
 
-
 void ReaderTransmit(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t len, uint32_t *timing)
 {
   // Generate parity and redirect
-  uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];
+  uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE] = {0x00};
   GetParity(frame, len, par);
-  ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame, len*8, par, timing);
+  //ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame, len*8, par, timing);
+  ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame, len<<3, par, timing);
 }
 
 int ReaderReceiveOffset(uint8_t* receivedAnswer, uint16_t offset, uint8_t *parity)
 {
-       if (!GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(receivedAnswer, parity, offset)) return FALSE;
-       if (tracing) {
-               LogTrace(receivedAnswer, Demod.len, Demod.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, Demod.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, parity, FALSE);
-       }
+       if (!GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(receivedAnswer, parity, offset)) 
+               return FALSE;
+
+       //LogTrace(receivedAnswer, Demod.len, Demod.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, Demod.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, parity, FALSE);
+       LogTrace(receivedAnswer, Demod.len, (Demod.startTime<<4) - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, (Demod.endTime<<4) - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, parity, FALSE);
        return Demod.len;
 }
 
 int ReaderReceive(uint8_t *receivedAnswer, uint8_t *parity)
 {
-       if (!GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(receivedAnswer, parity, 0)) return FALSE;
-       if (tracing) {
-               LogTrace(receivedAnswer, Demod.len, Demod.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, Demod.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, parity, FALSE);
-       }
+       if (!GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(receivedAnswer, parity, 0)) 
+               return FALSE;
+
+       //LogTrace(receivedAnswer, Demod.len, Demod.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, Demod.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, parity, FALSE);
+       LogTrace(receivedAnswer, Demod.len, (Demod.startTime<<4) - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, (Demod.endTime<<4) - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, parity, FALSE);
        return Demod.len;
 }
 
-/* performs iso14443a anticollision procedure
- * fills the uid pointer unless NULL
- * fills resp_data unless NULL */
-int iso14443a_select_card(byte_t *uid_ptr, iso14a_card_select_t *p_hi14a_card, uint32_t *cuid_ptr) {
+// performs iso14443a anticollision (optional) and card select procedure
+// fills the uid and cuid pointer unless NULL
+// fills the card info record unless NULL
+// if anticollision is false, then the UID must be provided in uid_ptr[] 
+// and num_cascades must be set (1: 4 Byte UID, 2: 7 Byte UID, 3: 10 Byte UID)
+int iso14443a_select_card(byte_t *uid_ptr, iso14a_card_select_t *p_hi14a_card, uint32_t *cuid_ptr, bool anticollision, uint8_t num_cascades) {
        uint8_t wupa[]       = { 0x52 };  // 0x26 - REQA  0x52 - WAKE-UP
        uint8_t sel_all[]    = { 0x93,0x20 };
        uint8_t sel_uid[]    = { 0x93,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00};
        uint8_t rats[]       = { 0xE0,0x80,0x00,0x00 }; // FSD=256, FSDI=8, CID=0
-       uint8_t resp[MAX_FRAME_SIZE]; // theoretically. A usual RATS will be much smaller
-       uint8_t resp_par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];
-       byte_t uid_resp[4];
-       size_t uid_resp_len;
+       uint8_t resp[MAX_FRAME_SIZE] = {0}; // theoretically. A usual RATS will be much smaller
+       uint8_t resp_par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE] = {0};
+       byte_t uid_resp[4] = {0};
+       size_t uid_resp_len = 0;
 
        uint8_t sak = 0x04; // cascade uid
        int cascade_level = 0;
        int len;
 
        // Broadcast for a card, WUPA (0x52) will force response from all cards in the field
-    ReaderTransmitBitsPar(wupa,7,0, NULL);
+    ReaderTransmitBitsPar(wupa, 7, NULL, NULL);
        
        // Receive the ATQA
        if(!ReaderReceive(resp, resp_par)) return 0;
@@ -1892,15 +1918,14 @@ int iso14443a_select_card(byte_t *uid_ptr, iso14a_card_select_t *p_hi14a_card, u
                memset(p_hi14a_card->uid,0,10);
        }
 
-       // clear uid
-       if (uid_ptr) {
-               memset(uid_ptr,0,10);
+       if (anticollision) {
+               // clear uid
+               if (uid_ptr)
+                       memset(uid_ptr,0,10);
        }
 
        // check for proprietary anticollision:
-       if ((resp[0] & 0x1F) == 0) {
-               return 3;
-       }
+       if ((resp[0] & 0x1F) == 0) return 3;
        
        // OK we will select at least at cascade 1, lets see if first byte of UID was 0x88 in
        // which case we need to make a cascade 2 request and select - this is a long UID
@@ -1909,73 +1934,81 @@ int iso14443a_select_card(byte_t *uid_ptr, iso14a_card_select_t *p_hi14a_card, u
                // SELECT_* (L1: 0x93, L2: 0x95, L3: 0x97)
                sel_uid[0] = sel_all[0] = 0x93 + cascade_level * 2;
 
+               if (anticollision) {
                // SELECT_ALL
-               ReaderTransmit(sel_all, sizeof(sel_all), NULL);
-               if (!ReaderReceive(resp, resp_par)) return 0;
-
-               if (Demod.collisionPos) {                       // we had a collision and need to construct the UID bit by bit
-                       memset(uid_resp, 0, 4);
-                       uint16_t uid_resp_bits = 0;
-                       uint16_t collision_answer_offset = 0;
-                       // anti-collision-loop:
-                       while (Demod.collisionPos) {
-                               Dbprintf("Multiple tags detected. Collision after Bit %d", Demod.collisionPos);
-                               for (uint16_t i = collision_answer_offset; i < Demod.collisionPos; i++, uid_resp_bits++) {      // add valid UID bits before collision point
-                                       uint16_t UIDbit = (resp[i/8] >> (i % 8)) & 0x01;
-                                       uid_resp[uid_resp_bits / 8] |= UIDbit << (uid_resp_bits % 8);
+                       ReaderTransmit(sel_all, sizeof(sel_all), NULL);
+                       if (!ReaderReceive(resp, resp_par)) return 0;
+
+                       if (Demod.collisionPos) {                       // we had a collision and need to construct the UID bit by bit
+                               memset(uid_resp, 0, 4);
+                               uint16_t uid_resp_bits = 0;
+                               uint16_t collision_answer_offset = 0;
+                               // anti-collision-loop:
+                               while (Demod.collisionPos) {
+                                       Dbprintf("Multiple tags detected. Collision after Bit %d", Demod.collisionPos);
+                                       for (uint16_t i = collision_answer_offset; i < Demod.collisionPos; i++, uid_resp_bits++) {      // add valid UID bits before collision point
+                                               uint16_t UIDbit = (resp[i/8] >> (i % 8)) & 0x01;
+                                               uid_resp[uid_resp_bits / 8] |= UIDbit << (uid_resp_bits % 8);
+                                       }
+                                       uid_resp[uid_resp_bits/8] |= 1 << (uid_resp_bits % 8);                                  // next time select the card(s) with a 1 in the collision position
+                                       uid_resp_bits++;
+                                       // construct anticollosion command:
+                                       sel_uid[1] = ((2 + uid_resp_bits/8) << 4) | (uid_resp_bits & 0x07);     // length of data in bytes and bits
+                                       for (uint16_t i = 0; i <= uid_resp_bits/8; i++) {
+                                               sel_uid[2+i] = uid_resp[i];
+                                       }
+                                       collision_answer_offset = uid_resp_bits%8;
+                                       ReaderTransmitBits(sel_uid, 16 + uid_resp_bits, NULL);
+                                       if (!ReaderReceiveOffset(resp, collision_answer_offset, resp_par)) return 0;
                                }
-                               uid_resp[uid_resp_bits/8] |= 1 << (uid_resp_bits % 8);                                  // next time select the card(s) with a 1 in the collision position
-                               uid_resp_bits++;
-                               // construct anticollosion command:
-                               sel_uid[1] = ((2 + uid_resp_bits/8) << 4) | (uid_resp_bits & 0x07);     // length of data in bytes and bits
-                               for (uint16_t i = 0; i <= uid_resp_bits/8; i++) {
-                                       sel_uid[2+i] = uid_resp[i];
+                               // finally, add the last bits and BCC of the UID
+                               for (uint16_t i = collision_answer_offset; i < (Demod.len-1)*8; i++, uid_resp_bits++) {
+                                       uint16_t UIDbit = (resp[i/8] >> (i%8)) & 0x01;
+                                       uid_resp[uid_resp_bits/8] |= UIDbit << (uid_resp_bits % 8);
                                }
-                               collision_answer_offset = uid_resp_bits%8;
-                               ReaderTransmitBits(sel_uid, 16 + uid_resp_bits, NULL);
-                               if (!ReaderReceiveOffset(resp, collision_answer_offset, resp_par)) return 0;
+
+                       } else {                // no collision, use the response to SELECT_ALL as current uid
+                               memcpy(uid_resp, resp, 4);
                        }
-                       // finally, add the last bits and BCC of the UID
-                       for (uint16_t i = collision_answer_offset; i < (Demod.len-1)*8; i++, uid_resp_bits++) {
-                               uint16_t UIDbit = (resp[i/8] >> (i%8)) & 0x01;
-                               uid_resp[uid_resp_bits/8] |= UIDbit << (uid_resp_bits % 8);
+                       
+               } else {
+                       if (cascade_level < num_cascades - 1) {
+                               uid_resp[0] = 0x88;
+                               memcpy(uid_resp+1, uid_ptr+cascade_level*3, 3);
+                       } else {
+                               memcpy(uid_resp, uid_ptr+cascade_level*3, 4);
                        }
-
-               } else {                // no collision, use the response to SELECT_ALL as current uid
-                       memcpy(uid_resp, resp, 4);
                }
                uid_resp_len = 4;
 
                // calculate crypto UID. Always use last 4 Bytes.
-               if(cuid_ptr) {
+               if(cuid_ptr)
                        *cuid_ptr = bytes_to_num(uid_resp, 4);
-               }
 
                // Construct SELECT UID command
                sel_uid[1] = 0x70;                                                                                                      // transmitting a full UID (1 Byte cmd, 1 Byte NVB, 4 Byte UID, 1 Byte BCC, 2 Bytes CRC)
-               memcpy(sel_uid+2, uid_resp, 4);                                                                         // the UID
+               memcpy(sel_uid+2, uid_resp, 4);                                                                         // the UID received during anticollision, or the provided UID
                sel_uid[6] = sel_uid[2] ^ sel_uid[3] ^ sel_uid[4] ^ sel_uid[5];         // calculate and add BCC
                AppendCrc14443a(sel_uid, 7);                                                                            // calculate and add CRC
                ReaderTransmit(sel_uid, sizeof(sel_uid), NULL);
 
                // Receive the SAK
                if (!ReaderReceive(resp, resp_par)) return 0;
+               
                sak = resp[0];
 
-    // Test if more parts of the uid are coming
+               // Test if more parts of the uid are coming
                if ((sak & 0x04) /* && uid_resp[0] == 0x88 */) {
                        // Remove first byte, 0x88 is not an UID byte, it CT, see page 3 of:
                        // http://www.nxp.com/documents/application_note/AN10927.pdf
                        uid_resp[0] = uid_resp[1];
                        uid_resp[1] = uid_resp[2];
                        uid_resp[2] = uid_resp[3]; 
-
                        uid_resp_len = 3;
                }
 
-               if(uid_ptr) {
+               if(uid_ptr && anticollision)
                        memcpy(uid_ptr + (cascade_level*3), uid_resp, uid_resp_len);
-               }
 
                if(p_hi14a_card) {
                        memcpy(p_hi14a_card->uid + (cascade_level*3), uid_resp, uid_resp_len);
@@ -1996,7 +2029,6 @@ int iso14443a_select_card(byte_t *uid_ptr, iso14a_card_select_t *p_hi14a_card, u
        ReaderTransmit(rats, sizeof(rats), NULL);
 
        if (!(len = ReaderReceive(resp, resp_par))) return 0;
-
        
        if(p_hi14a_card) {
                memcpy(p_hi14a_card->ats, resp, sizeof(p_hi14a_card->ats));
@@ -2038,7 +2070,7 @@ void iso14443a_setup(uint8_t fpga_minor_mode) {
 }
 
 int iso14_apdu(uint8_t *cmd, uint16_t cmd_len, void *data) {
-       uint8_t parity[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];
+       uint8_t parity[MAX_PARITY_SIZE] = {0x00};
        uint8_t real_cmd[cmd_len+4];
        real_cmd[0] = 0x0a; //I-Block
        // put block number into the PCB
@@ -2077,38 +2109,36 @@ void ReaderIso14443a(UsbCommand *c)
        size_t lenbits = c->arg[1] >> 16;
        uint32_t timeout = c->arg[2];
        uint32_t arg0 = 0;
-       byte_t buf[USB_CMD_DATA_SIZE];
-       uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];
+       byte_t buf[USB_CMD_DATA_SIZE] = {0x00};
+       uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE] = {0x00};
   
-       if(param & ISO14A_CONNECT) {
+       if (param & ISO14A_CONNECT)
                clear_trace();
-       }
 
        set_tracing(TRUE);
 
-       if(param & ISO14A_REQUEST_TRIGGER) {
+       if (param & ISO14A_REQUEST_TRIGGER)
                iso14a_set_trigger(TRUE);
-       }
 
-       if(param & ISO14A_CONNECT) {
+
+       if (param & ISO14A_CONNECT) {
                iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_LISTEN);
                if(!(param & ISO14A_NO_SELECT)) {
                        iso14a_card_select_t *card = (iso14a_card_select_t*)buf;
-                       arg0 = iso14443a_select_card(NULL,card,NULL);
+                       arg0 = iso14443a_select_card(NULL,card,NULL, true, 0);
                        cmd_send(CMD_ACK,arg0,card->uidlen,0,buf,sizeof(iso14a_card_select_t));
                }
        }
 
-       if(param & ISO14A_SET_TIMEOUT) {
+       if (param & ISO14A_SET_TIMEOUT)
                iso14a_set_timeout(timeout);
-       }
 
-       if(param & ISO14A_APDU) {
+       if (param & ISO14A_APDU) {
                arg0 = iso14_apdu(cmd, len, buf);
                cmd_send(CMD_ACK,arg0,0,0,buf,sizeof(buf));
        }
 
-       if(param & ISO14A_RAW) {
+       if (param & ISO14A_RAW) {
                if(param & ISO14A_APPEND_CRC) {
                        if(param & ISO14A_TOPAZMODE) {
                                AppendCrc14443b(cmd,len);
@@ -2147,15 +2177,15 @@ void ReaderIso14443a(UsbCommand *c)
                cmd_send(CMD_ACK,arg0,0,0,buf,sizeof(buf));
        }
 
-       if(param & ISO14A_REQUEST_TRIGGER) {
+       if (param & ISO14A_REQUEST_TRIGGER)
                iso14a_set_trigger(FALSE);
-       }
 
-       if(param & ISO14A_NO_DISCONNECT) {
+
+       if (param & ISO14A_NO_DISCONNECT)
                return;
-       }
 
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
+       set_tracing(FALSE);
        LEDsoff();
 }
 
@@ -2167,16 +2197,34 @@ int32_t dist_nt(uint32_t nt1, uint32_t nt2) {
 
        if (nt1 == nt2) return 0;
 
-       uint16_t i;
        uint32_t nttmp1 = nt1;
        uint32_t nttmp2 = nt2;
        
-       for (i = 1; i < 32768; i++) {
-               nttmp1 = prng_successor(nttmp1, 1);
-               if (nttmp1 == nt2) return i;
-               nttmp2 = prng_successor(nttmp2, 1);
-                       if (nttmp2 == nt1) return -i;
-               }
+       for (uint16_t i = 1; i < 0xFFFF; i += 8) {
+               nttmp1 = prng_successor(nttmp1, 1);     if (nttmp1 == nt2) return i;
+               nttmp2 = prng_successor(nttmp2, 1);     if (nttmp2 == nt1) return -i;
+               
+               nttmp1 = prng_successor(nttmp1, 2);     if (nttmp1 == nt2) return i+1;
+               nttmp2 = prng_successor(nttmp2, 2);     if (nttmp2 == nt1) return -i-1;
+               
+               nttmp1 = prng_successor(nttmp1, 3);     if (nttmp1 == nt2) return i+2;
+               nttmp2 = prng_successor(nttmp2, 3);     if (nttmp2 == nt1) return -i-2;
+               
+               nttmp1 = prng_successor(nttmp1, 4);     if (nttmp1 == nt2) return i+3;
+               nttmp2 = prng_successor(nttmp2, 4);     if (nttmp2 == nt1) return -i-3;
+
+               nttmp1 = prng_successor(nttmp1, 5);     if (nttmp1 == nt2) return i+4;
+               nttmp2 = prng_successor(nttmp2, 5);     if (nttmp2 == nt1) return -i-4;
+               
+               nttmp1 = prng_successor(nttmp1, 6);     if (nttmp1 == nt2) return i+5;
+               nttmp2 = prng_successor(nttmp2, 6);     if (nttmp2 == nt1) return -i-5;
+               
+               nttmp1 = prng_successor(nttmp1, 7);     if (nttmp1 == nt2) return i+6;
+               nttmp2 = prng_successor(nttmp2, 7);     if (nttmp2 == nt1) return -i-6;
+               
+               nttmp1 = prng_successor(nttmp1, 8);     if (nttmp1 == nt2) return i+7;
+               nttmp2 = prng_successor(nttmp2, 8);     if (nttmp2 == nt1) return -i-7;
+       }
        
        return(-99999); // either nt1 or nt2 are invalid nonces
 }
@@ -2188,27 +2236,26 @@ int32_t dist_nt(uint32_t nt1, uint32_t nt2) {
 // Cloning MiFare Classic Rail and Building Passes, Anywhere, Anytime"
 // (article by Nicolas T. Courtois, 2009)
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-void ReaderMifare(bool first_try) {
-       // free eventually allocated BigBuf memory. We want all for tracing.
-       BigBuf_free();
-       
-       clear_trace();
-       set_tracing(TRUE);
-
+void ReaderMifare(bool first_try, uint8_t block )
+{
        // Mifare AUTH
-       uint8_t mf_auth[] = { 0x60,0x00,0xf5,0x7b };
-       uint8_t mf_nr_ar[8] = { 0x00 }; //{ 0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01 };
+       //uint8_t mf_auth[]    = { 0x60,0x00,0xf5,0x7b };
+       //uint8_t mf_auth[]    = { 0x60,0x05, 0x58, 0x2c };
+       uint8_t mf_auth[]    = { 0x60,0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };
+       uint8_t mf_nr_ar[]   = { 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 };
        static uint8_t mf_nr_ar3 = 0;
 
-       uint8_t receivedAnswer[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE] = { 0x00 };
-       uint8_t receivedAnswerPar[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE] = { 0x00 };
+       mf_auth[1] = block;
+       AppendCrc14443a(mf_auth, 2);
+       
+       uint8_t receivedAnswer[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE] = {0x00};
+       uint8_t receivedAnswerPar[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE] = {0x00};
 
        byte_t nt_diff = 0;
        uint8_t par[1] = {0};   // maximum 8 Bytes to be sent here, 1 byte parity is therefore enough
        static byte_t par_low = 0;
-       bool led_on = TRUE;
-       uint8_t uid[10] = {0x00};
-       //uint32_t cuid = 0x00;
+       uint8_t uid[10] = {0};
+       //uint32_t cuid = 0;
 
        uint32_t nt = 0;
        uint32_t previous_nt = 0;
@@ -2217,133 +2264,181 @@ void ReaderMifare(bool first_try) {
        byte_t ks_list[8] = {0x00};
 
        static uint32_t sync_time = 0;
-       static uint32_t sync_cycles = 0;
+       static int32_t sync_cycles = 0;
        int catch_up_cycles = 0;
        int last_catch_up = 0;
+       uint16_t elapsed_prng_sequences = 1;
        uint16_t consecutive_resyncs = 0;
        int isOK = 0;
 
-       int numWrongDistance = 0;
+       #define PRNG_SEQUENCE_LENGTH  (1 << 16);
+       #define MAX_UNEXPECTED_RANDOM   4               // maximum number of unexpected (i.e. real) random numbers when trying to sync. Then give up.
+       #define MAX_SYNC_TRIES                  32
+       #define NUM_DEBUG_INFOS                 8               // per strategy
+       #define MAX_STRATEGY                    3
+
+       uint16_t unexpected_random = 0;
+       uint16_t sync_tries = 0;
+       uint16_t strategy = 0;
+       uint32_t halt_time = 0;
+
+       clear_trace();
+       set_tracing(TRUE);
        
-       if (first_try) { 
-               mf_nr_ar3 = 0;
+       LED_A_ON();
+       LED_B_OFF();
+       LED_C_OFF();
+       
+       if (first_try)
                iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);
+       
+       // free eventually allocated BigBuf memory. We want all for tracing.
+       BigBuf_free();
+
+       if (first_try) { 
                sync_time = GetCountSspClk() & 0xfffffff8;
-               sync_cycles = 65536;                                                                    // theory: Mifare Classic's random generator repeats every 2^16 cycles (and so do the nonces).
+               sync_cycles = PRNG_SEQUENCE_LENGTH; //65536;    //0x10000                       // theory: Mifare Classic's random generator repeats every 2^16 cycles (and so do the nonces).
+               mf_nr_ar3 = 0;                  
                nt_attacked = 0;
-               nt = 0;
                par[0] = 0;
-       }
-       else {
+       } else {
                // we were unsuccessful on a previous call. Try another READER nonce (first 3 parity bits remain the same)
                mf_nr_ar3++;
                mf_nr_ar[3] = mf_nr_ar3;
                par[0] = par_low;
        }
-
-       LED_A_ON();
-       LED_B_OFF();
-       LED_C_OFF();
-       LED_C_ON();     
-  
-       for(uint16_t i = 0; TRUE; i++) {
                
+       LED_C_ON(); 
+       for(uint16_t i = 0; TRUE; ++i) {
+
                WDT_HIT();
 
                // Test if the action was cancelled
-               if(BUTTON_PRESS()) break;
-               
-               if (numWrongDistance > 1000) {
-                       isOK = 0;
+               if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
+                       isOK = -1;
                        break;
                }
                
-               //if(!iso14443a_select_card(uid, NULL, &cuid)) {
-               if(!iso14443a_select_card(uid, NULL, NULL)) {
-                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   Dbprintf("Mifare: Can't select card");
-                       continue;
+               if (strategy == 2) {
+                       // test with additional halt command
+                       halt_time = 0;
+                       int len = mifare_sendcmd_short(NULL, false, 0x50, 0x00, receivedAnswer, receivedAnswerPar, &halt_time);
+
+                       if (len && MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3)
+                               Dbprintf("Unexpected response of %d bytes to halt command.", len);
                }
 
+               if (strategy == 3) {
+                       // test with FPGA power off/on
+                       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
+                       SpinDelay(200);
+                       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);
+                       SpinDelay(100);
+                       sync_time = GetCountSspClk() & 0xfffffff8;
+                       WDT_HIT();
+               }
+               
+               if (!iso14443a_select_card(uid, NULL, NULL, true, 0)) {
+                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1) Dbprintf("Mifare: Can't select card\n");
+                       continue;
+               }
+               
                sync_time = (sync_time & 0xfffffff8) + sync_cycles + catch_up_cycles;
                catch_up_cycles = 0;
-
+                                                               
                // if we missed the sync time already, advance to the next nonce repeat
                while(GetCountSspClk() > sync_time) {
+                       ++elapsed_prng_sequences;
                        sync_time = (sync_time & 0xfffffff8) + sync_cycles;
                }
-
                // Transmit MIFARE_CLASSIC_AUTH at synctime. Should result in returning the same tag nonce (== nt_attacked) 
-               ReaderTransmit(mf_auth, sizeof(mf_auth), &sync_time);
+               ReaderTransmit(mf_auth, sizeof(mf_auth), &sync_time);                   
 
                // Receive the (4 Byte) "random" nonce
-               if (!ReaderReceive(receivedAnswer, receivedAnswerPar)) {
-                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   Dbprintf("Mifare: Couldn't receive tag nonce");
+               if (!ReaderReceive(receivedAnswer, receivedAnswerPar))
                        continue;
-                 }
-
-               previous_nt = nt;
-               nt = bytes_to_num(receivedAnswer, 4);
 
                // Transmit reader nonce with fake par
                ReaderTransmitPar(mf_nr_ar, sizeof(mf_nr_ar), par, NULL);
 
+               previous_nt = nt;
+               nt = bytes_to_num(receivedAnswer, 4);
+               
                if (first_try && previous_nt && !nt_attacked) { // we didn't calibrate our clock yet
                        int nt_distance = dist_nt(previous_nt, nt);
                        if (nt_distance == 0) {
                                nt_attacked = nt;
-                       }
-                       else {
+                       } else {
+                               if (nt_distance == -99999) { // invalid nonce received
+                                       unexpected_random++;
+                                       if (unexpected_random > MAX_UNEXPECTED_RANDOM) {
+                                               isOK = -3;              // Card has an unpredictable PRNG. Give up      
+                                               break;
+                                       } else {
+                                               continue;               // continue trying...
+                                       }
+                               }
                                
-                               // invalid nonce received, try again
-                               if (nt_distance == -99999) { 
-                                       numWrongDistance++;
-                                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("The two nonces has invalid distance, tag could have good PRNG\n");
-                                       continue;
+                               if (++sync_tries > MAX_SYNC_TRIES) {
+                                       if (strategy > MAX_STRATEGY || MF_DBGLEVEL < 3) {
+                                               isOK = -4;                      // Card's PRNG runs at an unexpected frequency or resets unexpectedly
+                                               break;
+                                       } else {
+                                               continue;
+                                       }
                                }
                                
-                               sync_cycles = (sync_cycles - nt_distance);
-                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("calibrating in cycle %d. nt_distance=%d, Sync_cycles: %d\n", i, nt_distance, sync_cycles);
+                               sync_cycles = (sync_cycles - nt_distance)/elapsed_prng_sequences;
+                               if (sync_cycles <= 0)
+                                       sync_cycles += PRNG_SEQUENCE_LENGTH;
+                               
+                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3)
+                                       Dbprintf("calibrating in cycle %d. nt_distance=%d, elapsed_prng_sequences=%d, new sync_cycles: %d\n", i, nt_distance, elapsed_prng_sequences, sync_cycles);
+
                                continue;
                        }
                }
 
                if ((nt != nt_attacked) && nt_attacked) {       // we somehow lost sync. Try to catch up again...
+                       
                        catch_up_cycles = -dist_nt(nt_attacked, nt);
-                       if (catch_up_cycles >= 99999) {                 // invalid nonce received. Don't resync on that one.
+                       if (catch_up_cycles == 99999) {                 // invalid nonce received. Don't resync on that one.
                                catch_up_cycles = 0;
                                continue;
                        }
+                       
+                       // average? 
+                       catch_up_cycles /= elapsed_prng_sequences;
+               
                        if (catch_up_cycles == last_catch_up) {
-                               consecutive_resyncs++;
-                       }
-                       else {
+                               ++consecutive_resyncs;
+                       } else {
                                last_catch_up = catch_up_cycles;
                            consecutive_resyncs = 0;
-                       }
+                       }               
+                       
                        if (consecutive_resyncs < 3) {
-                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("Lost sync in cycle %d. nt_distance=%d. Consecutive Resyncs = %d. Trying one time catch up...\n", i, -catch_up_cycles, consecutive_resyncs);
-                       }
-                       else {  
-                               sync_cycles = sync_cycles + catch_up_cycles;
-                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("Lost sync in cycle %d for the fourth time consecutively (nt_distance = %d). Adjusting sync_cycles to %d.\n", i, -catch_up_cycles, sync_cycles);
+                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3)
+                                       Dbprintf("Lost sync in cycle %d. nt_distance=%d. Consecutive Resyncs = %d. Trying one time catch up...\n", i, -catch_up_cycles, consecutive_resyncs);
+                       } else {        
+                               sync_cycles += catch_up_cycles;
+                               
+                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) 
+                                       Dbprintf("Lost sync in cycle %d for the fourth time consecutively (nt_distance = %d). Adjusting sync_cycles to %d.\n", i, -catch_up_cycles, sync_cycles);
+
+                               last_catch_up = 0;
+                               catch_up_cycles = 0;
+                               consecutive_resyncs = 0;
                        }
                        continue;
                }
  
-               consecutive_resyncs = 0;
-               
                // Receive answer. This will be a 4 Bit NACK when the 8 parity bits are OK after decoding
-               if (ReaderReceive(receivedAnswer, receivedAnswerPar))
-               {
+               if (ReaderReceive(receivedAnswer, receivedAnswerPar)) {
                        catch_up_cycles = 8;    // the PRNG is delayed by 8 cycles due to the NAC (4Bits = 0x05 encrypted) transfer
        
                        if (nt_diff == 0)
-                       {
                                par_low = par[0] & 0xE0; // there is no need to check all parities for other nt_diff. Parity Bits for mf_nr_ar[0..2] won't change
-                       }
-
-                       led_on = !led_on;
-                       if(led_on) LED_B_ON(); else LED_B_OFF();
 
                        par_list[nt_diff] = SwapBits(par[0], 8);
                        ks_list[nt_diff] = receivedAnswer[0] ^ 0x05;
@@ -2357,20 +2452,36 @@ void ReaderMifare(bool first_try) {
                        nt_diff = (nt_diff + 1) & 0x07;
                        mf_nr_ar[3] = (mf_nr_ar[3] & 0x1F) | (nt_diff << 5);
                        par[0] = par_low;
+                       
                } else {
-                       if (nt_diff == 0 && first_try)
-                       {
+                       if (nt_diff == 0 && first_try) {
                                par[0]++;
+                               if (par[0] == 0x00) {   // tried all 256 possible parities without success. Card doesn't send NACK.
+                                       isOK = -2;
+                                       break;
+                               }
                        } else {
                                par[0] = ((par[0] & 0x1F) + 1) | par_low;
                        }
                }
+               
+               consecutive_resyncs = 0;
        }
 
        mf_nr_ar[3] &= 0x1F;
+
+       WDT_HIT();
        
-       byte_t buf[28] = {0x00};
+       // reset sync_time.
+       if ( isOK == 1) {
+               sync_time =     0;
+               sync_cycles = 0;
+               mf_nr_ar3 = 0;          
+               nt_attacked = 0;
+               par[0] = 0;
+       }
        
+       byte_t buf[28] = {0x00};
        memcpy(buf + 0,  uid, 4);
        num_to_bytes(nt, 4, buf + 4);
        memcpy(buf + 8,  par_list, 8);
@@ -2379,13 +2490,12 @@ void ReaderMifare(bool first_try) {
                
        cmd_send(CMD_ACK,isOK,0,0,buf,28);
 
-       set_tracing(FALSE);
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
        LEDsoff();
+       set_tracing(FALSE);
 }
 
-
- /*
+/**
   *MIFARE 1K simulate.
   *
   *@param flags :
@@ -2417,34 +2527,28 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
        struct Crypto1State *pcs;
        pcs = &mpcs;
        uint32_t numReads = 0;//Counts numer of times reader read a block
-       uint8_t receivedCmd[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE];
-       uint8_t receivedCmd_par[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE];
-       uint8_t response[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE];
-       uint8_t response_par[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE];
+       uint8_t receivedCmd[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE] = {0x00};
+       uint8_t receivedCmd_par[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE] = {0x00};
+       uint8_t response[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE] = {0x00};
+       uint8_t response_par[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE] = {0x00};
        
        uint8_t rATQA[] = {0x04, 0x00}; // Mifare classic 1k 4BUID
        uint8_t rUIDBCC1[] = {0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xaf, 0x62};
        uint8_t rUIDBCC2[] = {0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xaf, 0x62}; // !!!
-       //uint8_t rSAK[] = {0x08, 0xb6, 0xdd}; // Mifare Classic
-       uint8_t rSAK[] = {0x09, 0x3f, 0xcc };  // Mifare Mini 
+       uint8_t rSAK[] = {0x08, 0xb6, 0xdd}; // Mifare Classic
+       //uint8_t rSAK[] = {0x09, 0x3f, 0xcc };  // Mifare Mini 
        uint8_t rSAK1[] = {0x04, 0xda, 0x17};
 
-       uint8_t rAUTH_NT[] = {0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01};
+       //uint8_t rAUTH_NT[] = {0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01};
+       uint8_t rAUTH_NT[] = {0x55, 0x41, 0x49, 0x92};
        uint8_t rAUTH_AT[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
                
-       //Here, we collect UID,NT,AR,NR,UID2,NT2,AR2,NR2
+       //Here, we collect UID1,UID2,NT,AR,NR,0,0,NT2,AR2,NR2
        // This can be used in a reader-only attack.
        // (it can also be retrieved via 'hf 14a list', but hey...
        uint32_t ar_nr_responses[] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
        uint8_t ar_nr_collected = 0;
 
-       // free eventually allocated BigBuf memory but keep Emulator Memory
-       BigBuf_free_keep_EM();
-
-       // clear trace
-       clear_trace();
-       set_tracing(TRUE);
-
        // Authenticate response - nonce
        uint32_t nonce = bytes_to_num(rAUTH_NT, 4);
        
@@ -2491,10 +2595,6 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
                rUIDBCC2[4] = rUIDBCC2[0] ^ rUIDBCC2[1] ^ rUIDBCC2[2] ^ rUIDBCC2[3];
        }
 
-       // We need to listen to the high-frequency, peak-detected path.
-       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);
-
-
        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   {
                if (!_7BUID) {
                        Dbprintf("4B UID: %02x%02x%02x%02x", 
@@ -2506,8 +2606,19 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
                }
        }
 
+       // We need to listen to the high-frequency, peak-detected path.
+       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);
+
+       // free eventually allocated BigBuf memory but keep Emulator Memory
+       BigBuf_free_keep_EM();
+
+       // clear trace
+       clear_trace();
+       set_tracing(TRUE);
+
+
        bool finished = FALSE;
-       while (!BUTTON_PRESS() && !finished) {
+       while (!BUTTON_PRESS() && !finished && !usb_poll_validate_length()) {
                WDT_HIT();
 
                // find reader field
@@ -2580,8 +2691,7 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
                                break;
                        }
                        case MFEMUL_AUTH1:{
-                               if( len != 8)
-                               {
+                               if( len != 8) {
                                        cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
                                        LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, TRUE);
                                        break;
@@ -2592,9 +2702,9 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
 
                                //Collect AR/NR
                                //if(ar_nr_collected < 2 && cardAUTHSC == 2){
-                               if(ar_nr_collected < 2){
-                                       if(ar_nr_responses[2] != ar)
-                                       {// Avoid duplicates... probably not necessary, ar should vary. 
+                               if(ar_nr_collected < 2) {
+                                       if(ar_nr_responses[2] != ar) {
+                                               // Avoid duplicates... probably not necessary, ar should vary. 
                                                //ar_nr_responses[ar_nr_collected*5]   = 0;
                                                //ar_nr_responses[ar_nr_collected*5+1] = 0;
                                                ar_nr_responses[ar_nr_collected*5+2] = nonce;
@@ -2604,9 +2714,7 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
                                        }                                               
                                        // Interactive mode flag, means we need to send ACK
                                        if(flags & FLAG_INTERACTIVE && ar_nr_collected == 2)
-                                       {
                                                finished = true;
-                                       }
                                }
 
                                // --- crypto
@@ -2635,9 +2743,13 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
                                EmSendCmd(rAUTH_AT, sizeof(rAUTH_AT));
                                LED_C_ON();
                                cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
-                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)   Dbprintf("AUTH COMPLETED for sector %d with key %c. time=%d", 
-                                       cardAUTHSC, cardAUTHKEY == 0 ? 'A' : 'B',
-                                       GetTickCount() - authTimer);
+                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4) {
+                                       Dbprintf("AUTH COMPLETED for sector %d with key %c. time=%d", 
+                                               cardAUTHSC, 
+                                               cardAUTHKEY == 0 ? 'A' : 'B',
+                                               GetTickCount() - authTimer
+                                       );
+                               }
                                break;
                        }
                        case MFEMUL_SELECT2:{
@@ -2652,7 +2764,9 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
 
                                // select 2 card
                                if (len == 9 && 
-                                               (receivedCmd[0] == 0x95 && receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 && memcmp(&receivedCmd[2], rUIDBCC2, 4) == 0)) {
+                                               (receivedCmd[0] == 0x95 &&
+                                                receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 && 
+                                                memcmp(&receivedCmd[2], rUIDBCC2, 4) == 0) ) {
                                        EmSendCmd(rSAK, sizeof(rSAK));
                                        cuid = bytes_to_num(rUIDBCC2, 4);
                                        cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
@@ -2679,10 +2793,9 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
                                
                                bool encrypted_data = (cardAUTHKEY != 0xFF) ;
 
-                               if(encrypted_data) {
-                                       // decrypt seqence
+                               // decrypt seqence
+                               if(encrypted_data)
                                        mf_crypto1_decrypt(pcs, receivedCmd, len);
-                               }
                                
                                if (len == 4 && (receivedCmd[0] == 0x60 || receivedCmd[0] == 0x61)) {
                                        authTimer = GetTickCount();
@@ -2746,9 +2859,8 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
                                }
                                // read block
                                if (receivedCmd[0] == 0x30) {
-                                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4) {
-                                               Dbprintf("Reader reading block %d (0x%02x)",receivedCmd[1],receivedCmd[1]);
-                                       }
+                                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4) Dbprintf("Reader reading block %d (0x%02x)",receivedCmd[1],receivedCmd[1]);
+
                                        emlGetMem(response, receivedCmd[1], 1);
                                        AppendCrc14443a(response, 16);
                                        mf_crypto1_encrypt(pcs, response, 18, response_par);
@@ -2815,7 +2927,7 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
                                break;
                        }
                        case MFEMUL_WRITEBL2:{
-                               if (len == 18){
+                               if (len == 18) {
                                        mf_crypto1_decrypt(pcs, receivedCmd, len);
                                        emlSetMem(receivedCmd, cardWRBL, 1);
                                        EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_ACK));
@@ -2871,15 +2983,14 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
        LEDsoff();
 
-       if(flags & FLAG_INTERACTIVE)// Interactive mode flag, means we need to send ACK
-       {
+       // Interactive mode flag, means we need to send ACK
+       if(flags & FLAG_INTERACTIVE) {
                //May just aswell send the collected ar_nr in the response aswell
                uint8_t len = ar_nr_collected*5*4;
                cmd_send(CMD_ACK, CMD_SIMULATE_MIFARE_CARD, len, 0, &ar_nr_responses, len);
        }
 
-       if(flags & FLAG_NR_AR_ATTACK && MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1 )
-       {
+       if(flags & FLAG_NR_AR_ATTACK && MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1 ) {
                if(ar_nr_collected > 1 ) {
                        Dbprintf("Collected two pairs of AR/NR which can be used to extract keys from reader:");
                        Dbprintf("../tools/mfkey/mfkey32 %06x%08x %08x %08x %08x %08x %08x",
@@ -2891,10 +3002,20 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
                                        ar_nr_responses[8], // AR2
                                        ar_nr_responses[9]  // NR2
                                        );
+                       Dbprintf("../tools/mfkey/mfkey32v2 %06x%08x %08x %08x %08x %08x %08x %08x",
+                                       ar_nr_responses[0], // UID1
+                                       ar_nr_responses[1], // UID2
+                                       ar_nr_responses[2], // NT1
+                                       ar_nr_responses[3], // AR1
+                                       ar_nr_responses[4], // NR1
+                                       ar_nr_responses[7], // NT2
+                                       ar_nr_responses[8], // AR2
+                                       ar_nr_responses[9]  // NR2
+                                       );
                } else {
                        Dbprintf("Failed to obtain two AR/NR pairs!");
                        if(ar_nr_collected > 0 ) {
-                               Dbprintf("Only got these: UID=%07x%08x, nonce=%08x, AR1=%08x, NR1=%08x",
+                               Dbprintf("Only got these: UID=%06x%08x, nonce=%08x, AR1=%08x, NR1=%08x",
                                                ar_nr_responses[0], // UID1
                                                ar_nr_responses[1], // UID2
                                                ar_nr_responses[2], // NT
@@ -2905,6 +3026,8 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
                }
        }
        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   Dbprintf("Emulator stopped. Tracing: %d  trace length: %d ", tracing, BigBuf_get_traceLen());
+       
+       set_tracing(FALSE);
 }
 
 
@@ -2916,12 +3039,8 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffMifare(uint8_t param) {
        // param:
        // bit 0 - trigger from first card answer
        // bit 1 - trigger from first reader 7-bit request
-
-       // free eventually allocated BigBuf memory
-       BigBuf_free();
-       
-       // C(red) A(yellow) B(green)
        LEDsoff();
+
        // init trace buffer
        clear_trace();
        set_tracing(TRUE);
@@ -2929,12 +3048,18 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffMifare(uint8_t param) {
        // The command (reader -> tag) that we're receiving.
        // The length of a received command will in most cases be no more than 18 bytes.
        // So 32 should be enough!
-       uint8_t receivedCmd[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE];
-       uint8_t receivedCmdPar[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE];
+       uint8_t receivedCmd[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE] = {0x00};    
+       uint8_t receivedCmdPar[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE] = {0x00};
+
        // The response (tag -> reader) that we're receiving.
-       uint8_t receivedResponse[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE];
-       uint8_t receivedResponsePar[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE];
+       uint8_t receivedResponse[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE] = {0x00};
+       uint8_t receivedResponsePar[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE] = {0x00};
 
+       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_SNIFFER);
+
+       // free eventually allocated BigBuf memory
+       BigBuf_free();
+       
        // allocate the DMA buffer, used to stream samples from the FPGA
        uint8_t *dmaBuf = BigBuf_malloc(DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
        uint8_t *data = dmaBuf;
@@ -2944,8 +3069,6 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffMifare(uint8_t param) {
        bool ReaderIsActive = FALSE;
        bool TagIsActive = FALSE;
 
-       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_SNIFFER);
-
        // Set up the demodulator for tag -> reader responses.
        DemodInit(receivedResponse, receivedResponsePar);
 
@@ -2987,11 +3110,12 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffMifare(uint8_t param) {
                
                int register readBufDataP = data - dmaBuf;      // number of bytes we have processed so far
                int register dmaBufDataP = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE - AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR; // number of bytes already transferred
-               if (readBufDataP <= dmaBufDataP){                       // we are processing the same block of data which is currently being transferred
+
+               if (readBufDataP <= dmaBufDataP)                        // we are processing the same block of data which is currently being transferred
                        dataLen = dmaBufDataP - readBufDataP;   // number of bytes still to be processed
-               } else {                                                                        
+               else
                        dataLen = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE - readBufDataP + dmaBufDataP; // number of bytes still to be processed
-               }
+
                // test for length of buffer
                if(dataLen > maxDataLen) {                                      // we are more behind than ever...
                        maxDataLen = dataLen;                                   
@@ -3018,15 +3142,16 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffMifare(uint8_t param) {
                
                if (sniffCounter & 0x01) {
 
-                       if(!TagIsActive) {              // no need to try decoding tag data if the reader is sending
+                       // no need to try decoding tag data if the reader is sending
+                       if(!TagIsActive) {              
                                uint8_t readerdata = (previous_data & 0xF0) | (*data >> 4);
                                if(MillerDecoding(readerdata, (sniffCounter-1)*4)) {
                                        LED_C_INV();
+
                                        if (MfSniffLogic(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.parity, Uart.bitCount, TRUE)) break;
 
                                        /* And ready to receive another command. */
-                                       //UartInit(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar);
-                                       UartReset();
+                                       UartInit(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar);
                                        
                                        /* And also reset the demod code */
                                        DemodReset();
@@ -3034,7 +3159,8 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffMifare(uint8_t param) {
                                ReaderIsActive = (Uart.state != STATE_UNSYNCD);
                        }
                        
-                       if(!ReaderIsActive) {           // no need to try decoding tag data if the reader is sending
+                       // no need to try decoding tag data if the reader is sending
+                       if(!ReaderIsActive) {           
                                uint8_t tagdata = (previous_data << 4) | (*data & 0x0F);
                                if(ManchesterDecoding(tagdata, 0, (sniffCounter-1)*4)) {
                                        LED_C_INV();
@@ -3043,7 +3169,7 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffMifare(uint8_t param) {
 
                                        // And ready to receive another response.
                                        DemodReset();
-
+                                       
                                        // And reset the Miller decoder including its (now outdated) input buffer
                                        UartInit(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar);
                                }
@@ -3054,17 +3180,15 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffMifare(uint8_t param) {
                previous_data = *data;
                sniffCounter++;
                data++;
-               if(data == dmaBuf + DMA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+
+               if(data == dmaBuf + DMA_BUFFER_SIZE)
                        data = dmaBuf;
-               }
 
        } // main cycle
 
-       DbpString("COMMAND FINISHED");
-
        FpgaDisableSscDma();
        MfSniffEnd();
-       
-       Dbprintf("maxDataLen=%x, Uart.state=%x, Uart.len=%x", maxDataLen, Uart.state, Uart.len);
        LEDsoff();
+       Dbprintf("maxDataLen=%x, Uart.state=%x, Uart.len=%x", maxDataLen, Uart.state, Uart.len);
+       set_tracing(FALSE);
 }
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