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FIX: some compiler warnings, sscanf is using unsigned int.
[proxmark3-svn] / client / cmdlfem4x.c
diff --git a/client/cmdlfem4x.c b/client/cmdlfem4x.c
index 47a5ac3e7b8b4647967270c69b0a7110c06842e5..636d2596b29609b740ae1a1b0cbefdabb4ed1e90 100644 (file)
--- a/client/cmdlfem4x.c
+++ b/client/cmdlfem4x.c
@@ -8,28 +8,17 @@
 // Low frequency EM4x commands
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 // Low frequency EM4x commands
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <inttypes.h>
-#include "proxmark3.h"
-#include "ui.h"
-#include "util.h"
-#include "graph.h"
-#include "cmdparser.h"
-#include "cmddata.h"
-#include "cmdlf.h"
 #include "cmdlfem4x.h"
 #include "cmdlfem4x.h"
-#include "lfdemod.h"
-char *global_em410xId;
+
+uint64_t g_em410xid = 0;
 
 static int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd);
 
 int CmdEMdemodASK(const char *Cmd)
 {
        char cmdp = param_getchar(Cmd, 0);
 
 static int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd);
 
 int CmdEMdemodASK(const char *Cmd)
 {
        char cmdp = param_getchar(Cmd, 0);
-       int findone = (cmdp == '1') ? 1 : 0;    
-       UsbCommand c={CMD_EM410X_DEMOD};
-       c.arg[0]=findone;
+       uint8_t findone = (cmdp == '1') ? 1 : 0;
+       UsbCommand c = {CMD_EM410X_DEMOD, {findone, 0, 0}};
        SendCommand(&c);
        return 0;
 }
        SendCommand(&c);
        return 0;
 }
@@ -47,85 +36,93 @@ int CmdEM410xRead(const char *Cmd)
        uint32_t hi=0;
        uint64_t lo=0;
 
        uint32_t hi=0;
        uint64_t lo=0;
 
-       if(!AskEm410xDemod("", &hi, &lo)) return 0;
+       if(!AskEm410xDemod("", &hi, &lo, false)) return 0;
        PrintAndLog("EM410x pattern found: ");
        printEM410x(hi, lo);
        if (hi){
                PrintAndLog ("EM410x XL pattern found");
                return 0;
        }
        PrintAndLog("EM410x pattern found: ");
        printEM410x(hi, lo);
        if (hi){
                PrintAndLog ("EM410x XL pattern found");
                return 0;
        }
-       char id[12] = {0x00};
-       sprintf(id, "%010llx",lo);
-       
-       global_em410xId = id;
+       g_em410xid = lo;
        return 1;
 }
 
        return 1;
 }
 
+
+int usage_lf_em410x_sim(void) {
+       PrintAndLog("Simulating EM410x tag");
+       PrintAndLog("");
+       PrintAndLog("Usage:  lf em4x em410xsim [h] <uid> <clock>");
+       PrintAndLog("Options:");
+       PrintAndLog("       h         - this help");
+       PrintAndLog("       uid       - uid (10 HEX symbols)");
+       PrintAndLog("       clock     - clock (32|64) (optional)");
+       PrintAndLog("samples:");
+       PrintAndLog("      lf em4x em410xsim 0F0368568B");
+       PrintAndLog("      lf em4x em410xsim 0F0368568B 32");
+       return 0;
+}
+
 // emulate an EM410X tag
 int CmdEM410xSim(const char *Cmd)
 {
        int i, n, j, binary[4], parity[4];
 // emulate an EM410X tag
 int CmdEM410xSim(const char *Cmd)
 {
        int i, n, j, binary[4], parity[4];
+       uint8_t uid[5] = {0x00};
 
        char cmdp = param_getchar(Cmd, 0);
 
        char cmdp = param_getchar(Cmd, 0);
-       uint8_t uid[5] = {0x00};
+       if (cmdp == 'h' || cmdp == 'H') return usage_lf_em410x_sim();
 
 
-       if (cmdp == 'h' || cmdp == 'H') {
-               PrintAndLog("Usage:  lf em4x 410xsim <UID>");
-               PrintAndLog("");
-               PrintAndLog("     sample: lf em4x 410xsim 0F0368568B");
-               return 0;
-       }
+       /* clock is 64 in EM410x tags */
+       uint8_t clock = 64;
 
        if (param_gethex(Cmd, 0, uid, 10)) {
                PrintAndLog("UID must include 10 HEX symbols");
                return 0;
        }
        
 
        if (param_gethex(Cmd, 0, uid, 10)) {
                PrintAndLog("UID must include 10 HEX symbols");
                return 0;
        }
        
-       PrintAndLog("Starting simulating UID %02X%02X%02X%02X%02X", uid[0],uid[1],uid[2],uid[3],uid[4]);
+       param_getdec(Cmd, 1, &clock);
+       
+       PrintAndLog("Starting simulating UID %02X%02X%02X%02X%02X  clock: %d", uid[0],uid[1],uid[2],uid[3],uid[4],clock);
        PrintAndLog("Press pm3-button to about simulation");
 
        PrintAndLog("Press pm3-button to about simulation");
 
-       /* clock is 64 in EM410x tags */
-       int clock = 64;
-
        /* clear our graph */
        ClearGraph(0);
 
        /* clear our graph */
        ClearGraph(0);
 
-               /* write 9 start bits */
-               for (i = 0; i < 9; i++)
-                       AppendGraph(0, clock, 1);
-
-               /* for each hex char */
-               parity[0] = parity[1] = parity[2] = parity[3] = 0;
-               for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
-               {
-                       /* read each hex char */
-                       sscanf(&Cmd[i], "%1x", &n);
-                       for (j = 3; j >= 0; j--, n/= 2)
-                               binary[j] = n % 2;
-
-                       /* append each bit */
-                       AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[0]);
-                       AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[1]);
-                       AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[2]);
-                       AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[3]);
-
-                       /* append parity bit */
-                       AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[0] ^ binary[1] ^ binary[2] ^ binary[3]);
-
-                       /* keep track of column parity */
-                       parity[0] ^= binary[0];
-                       parity[1] ^= binary[1];
-                       parity[2] ^= binary[2];
-                       parity[3] ^= binary[3];
-               }
+       /* write 9 start bits */
+       for (i = 0; i < 9; i++)
+               AppendGraph(0, clock, 1);
+
+       /* for each hex char */
+       parity[0] = parity[1] = parity[2] = parity[3] = 0;
+       for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+       {
+               /* read each hex char */
+               sscanf(&Cmd[i], "%1x", &n);
+               for (j = 3; j >= 0; j--, n/= 2)
+                       binary[j] = n % 2;
+
+               /* append each bit */
+               AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[0]);
+               AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[1]);
+               AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[2]);
+               AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[3]);
+
+               /* append parity bit */
+               AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[0] ^ binary[1] ^ binary[2] ^ binary[3]);
+
+               /* keep track of column parity */
+               parity[0] ^= binary[0];
+               parity[1] ^= binary[1];
+               parity[2] ^= binary[2];
+               parity[3] ^= binary[3];
+       }
 
 
-               /* parity columns */
-               AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[0]);
-               AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[1]);
-               AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[2]);
-               AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[3]);
+       /* parity columns */
+       AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[0]);
+       AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[1]);
+       AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[2]);
+       AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[3]);
 
 
-               /* stop bit */
+       /* stop bit */
        AppendGraph(1, clock, 0);
  
        CmdLFSim("0"); //240 start_gap.
        AppendGraph(1, clock, 0);
  
        CmdLFSim("0"); //240 start_gap.
@@ -140,7 +137,6 @@ int CmdEM410xSim(const char *Cmd)
  *       rate gets lower, then grow the number of samples
  *  Changed by martin, 4000 x 4 = 16000, 
  *  see http://www.proxmark.org/forum/viewtopic.php?pid=7235#p7235
  *       rate gets lower, then grow the number of samples
  *  Changed by martin, 4000 x 4 = 16000, 
  *  see http://www.proxmark.org/forum/viewtopic.php?pid=7235#p7235
-
 */
 int CmdEM410xWatch(const char *Cmd)
 {
 */
 int CmdEM410xWatch(const char *Cmd)
 {
@@ -151,17 +147,19 @@ int CmdEM410xWatch(const char *Cmd)
                }
                
                CmdLFRead("s");
                }
                
                CmdLFRead("s");
-               getSamples("8192",true); //capture enough to get 2 full messages                
+               getSamples("8201",true); //capture enough to get 2 complete preambles (4096*2+9)        
        } while (!CmdEM410xRead(""));
 
        return 0;
 }
 
 //currently only supports manchester modulations
        } while (!CmdEM410xRead(""));
 
        return 0;
 }
 
 //currently only supports manchester modulations
+// todo: helptext
 int CmdEM410xWatchnSpoof(const char *Cmd)
 {
 int CmdEM410xWatchnSpoof(const char *Cmd)
 {
+       // loops if the captured ID was in XL-format.
        CmdEM410xWatch(Cmd);
        CmdEM410xWatch(Cmd);
-       PrintAndLog("# Replaying captured ID: %s",global_em410xId);
+       PrintAndLog("# Replaying captured ID: %llu", g_em410xid);
        CmdLFaskSim("");
        return 0;
 }
        CmdLFaskSim("");
        return 0;
 }
@@ -170,7 +168,7 @@ int CmdEM410xWrite(const char *Cmd)
 {
        uint64_t id = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF; // invalid id value
        int card = 0xFF; // invalid card value
 {
        uint64_t id = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF; // invalid id value
        int card = 0xFF; // invalid card value
-       unsigned int clock = 0; // invalid clock value
+       uint32_t clock = 0; // invalid clock value
 
        sscanf(Cmd, "%" PRIx64 " %d %d", &id, &card, &clock);
 
 
        sscanf(Cmd, "%" PRIx64 " %d %d", &id, &card, &clock);
 
@@ -195,21 +193,13 @@ int CmdEM410xWrite(const char *Cmd)
        }
 
        // Check Clock
        }
 
        // Check Clock
-       if (card == 1)
-       {
                // Default: 64
                // Default: 64
-               if (clock == 0)
-                       clock = 64;
+       if (clock == 0)
+               clock = 64;
 
 
-               // Allowed clock rates: 16, 32 and 64
-               if ((clock != 16) && (clock != 32) && (clock != 64)) {
-                       PrintAndLog("Error! Clock rate %d not valid. Supported clock rates are 16, 32 and 64.\n", clock);
-                       return 0;
-               }
-       }
-       else if (clock != 0)
-       {
-               PrintAndLog("Error! Clock rate is only supported on T55x7 tags.\n");
+       // Allowed clock rates: 16, 32, 40 and 64
+       if ((clock != 16) && (clock != 32) && (clock != 64) && (clock != 40)) {
+               PrintAndLog("Error! Clock rate %d not valid. Supported clock rates are 16, 32, 40 and 64.\n", clock);
                return 0;
        }
 
                return 0;
        }
 
@@ -219,18 +209,17 @@ int CmdEM410xWrite(const char *Cmd)
                //   provide for backwards-compatibility for older firmware, and to avoid
                //   having to add another argument to CMD_EM410X_WRITE_TAG, we just store
                //   the clock rate in bits 8-15 of the card value
                //   provide for backwards-compatibility for older firmware, and to avoid
                //   having to add another argument to CMD_EM410X_WRITE_TAG, we just store
                //   the clock rate in bits 8-15 of the card value
-               card = (card & 0xFF) | (((uint64_t)clock << 8) & 0xFF00);
-       }
-       else if (card == 0)
+               card = (card & 0xFF) | ((clock << 8) & 0xFF00);
+       }       else if (card == 0) {
                PrintAndLog("Writing %s tag with UID 0x%010" PRIx64, "T5555", id, clock);
                PrintAndLog("Writing %s tag with UID 0x%010" PRIx64, "T5555", id, clock);
-       else {
+               card = (card & 0xFF) | ((clock << 8) & 0xFF00);
+       } else {
                PrintAndLog("Error! Bad card type selected.\n");
                return 0;
        }
 
        UsbCommand c = {CMD_EM410X_WRITE_TAG, {card, (uint32_t)(id >> 32), (uint32_t)id}};
        SendCommand(&c);
                PrintAndLog("Error! Bad card type selected.\n");
                return 0;
        }
 
        UsbCommand c = {CMD_EM410X_WRITE_TAG, {card, (uint32_t)(id >> 32), (uint32_t)id}};
        SendCommand(&c);
-
        return 0;
 }
 
        return 0;
 }
 
@@ -238,7 +227,7 @@ bool EM_EndParityTest(uint8_t *BitStream, size_t size, uint8_t rows, uint8_t col
 {
        if (rows*cols>size) return false;
        uint8_t colP=0;
 {
        if (rows*cols>size) return false;
        uint8_t colP=0;
-       //assume last row is a parity row and do not test
+       //assume last col is a parity and do not test
        for (uint8_t colNum = 0; colNum < cols-1; colNum++) {
                for (uint8_t rowNum = 0; rowNum < rows; rowNum++) {
                        colP ^= BitStream[(rowNum*cols)+colNum];
        for (uint8_t colNum = 0; colNum < cols-1; colNum++) {
                for (uint8_t rowNum = 0; rowNum < rows; rowNum++) {
                        colP ^= BitStream[(rowNum*cols)+colNum];
@@ -265,13 +254,15 @@ bool EM_ByteParityTest(uint8_t *BitStream, size_t size, uint8_t rows, uint8_t co
 uint32_t OutputEM4x50_Block(uint8_t *BitStream, size_t size, bool verbose, bool pTest)
 {
        if (size<45) return 0;
 uint32_t OutputEM4x50_Block(uint8_t *BitStream, size_t size, bool verbose, bool pTest)
 {
        if (size<45) return 0;
+       
        uint32_t code = bytebits_to_byte(BitStream,8);
        code = code<<8 | bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+9,8);
        code = code<<8 | bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+18,8);
        code = code<<8 | bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+27,8);
        uint32_t code = bytebits_to_byte(BitStream,8);
        code = code<<8 | bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+9,8);
        code = code<<8 | bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+18,8);
        code = code<<8 | bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+27,8);
+       
        if (verbose || g_debugMode){
                for (uint8_t i = 0; i<5; i++){
        if (verbose || g_debugMode){
                for (uint8_t i = 0; i<5; i++){
-                       if (i == 4) PrintAndLog("");
+                       if (i == 4) PrintAndLog(""); //parity byte spacer
                        PrintAndLog("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d -> 0x%02x",
                            BitStream[i*9],
                            BitStream[i*9+1],
                        PrintAndLog("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d -> 0x%02x",
                            BitStream[i*9],
                            BitStream[i*9+1],
@@ -290,10 +281,9 @@ uint32_t OutputEM4x50_Block(uint8_t *BitStream, size_t size, bool verbose, bool
                else
                        PrintAndLog("Parity Failed");
        }
                else
                        PrintAndLog("Parity Failed");
        }
-       //PrintAndLog("Code: %08x",code);
        return code;
 }
        return code;
 }
-/* Read the transmitted data of an EM4x50 tag
+/* Read the transmitted data of an EM4x50 tag from the graphbuffer
  * Format:
  *
  *  XXXXXXXX [row parity bit (even)] <- 8 bits plus parity
  * Format:
  *
  *  XXXXXXXX [row parity bit (even)] <- 8 bits plus parity
@@ -312,95 +302,110 @@ uint32_t OutputEM4x50_Block(uint8_t *BitStream, size_t size, bool verbose, bool
  * is stored in the blocks defined in the control word First and Last
  * Word Read values. UID is stored in block 32.
  */
  * is stored in the blocks defined in the control word First and Last
  * Word Read values. UID is stored in block 32.
  */
+ //completed by Marshmellow
 int EM4x50Read(const char *Cmd, bool verbose)
 {
 int EM4x50Read(const char *Cmd, bool verbose)
 {
-       uint8_t fndClk[]={0,8,16,32,40,50,64};
+
+       uint8_t fndClk[] = {8,16,32,40,50,64,128};
        int clk = 0; 
        int invert = 0;
        int clk = 0; 
        int invert = 0;
-       sscanf(Cmd, "%i %i", &clk, &invert);
        int tol = 0;
        int i, j, startblock, skip, block, start, end, low, high, minClk;
        int tol = 0;
        int i, j, startblock, skip, block, start, end, low, high, minClk;
-       bool complete= false;
+       bool complete = false;
        int tmpbuff[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN / 64];
        int tmpbuff[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN / 64];
-       save_restoreGB(1);
        uint32_t Code[6];
        char tmp[6];
        uint32_t Code[6];
        char tmp[6];
-
        char tmp2[20];
        char tmp2[20];
-       high= low= 0;
+       int phaseoff;
+       high = low = 0;
        memset(tmpbuff, 0, MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN / 64);
        memset(tmpbuff, 0, MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN / 64);
-               
+
+       // get user entry if any
+       sscanf(Cmd, "%i %i", &clk, &invert);
+       
+       // save GraphBuffer - to restore it later       
+       save_restoreGB(1);
+
        // first get high and low values
        // first get high and low values
-       for (i = 0; i < GraphTraceLen; i++)
-       {
+       for (i = 0; i < GraphTraceLen; i++) {
                if (GraphBuffer[i] > high)
                        high = GraphBuffer[i];
                else if (GraphBuffer[i] < low)
                        low = GraphBuffer[i];
        }
 
                if (GraphBuffer[i] > high)
                        high = GraphBuffer[i];
                else if (GraphBuffer[i] < low)
                        low = GraphBuffer[i];
        }
 
-       // populate a buffer with pulse lengths
-       i= 0;
-       j= 0;
-       minClk= 255;
-       while (i < GraphTraceLen)
-       {
+       i = 0;
+       j = 0;
+       minClk = 255;
+       // get to first full low to prime loop and skip incomplete first pulse
+       while ((GraphBuffer[i] < high) && (i < GraphTraceLen))
+               ++i;
+       while ((GraphBuffer[i] > low) && (i < GraphTraceLen))
+               ++i;
+       skip = i;
+
+       // populate tmpbuff buffer with pulse lengths
+       while (i < GraphTraceLen) {
                // measure from low to low
                // measure from low to low
-               while ((GraphBuffer[i] > low) && (i<GraphTraceLen))
+               while ((GraphBuffer[i] > low) && (i < GraphTraceLen))
                        ++i;
                start= i;
                        ++i;
                start= i;
-               while ((GraphBuffer[i] < high) && (i<GraphTraceLen))
+               while ((GraphBuffer[i] < high) && (i < GraphTraceLen))
                        ++i;
                        ++i;
-               while ((GraphBuffer[i] > low) && (i<GraphTraceLen))
+               while ((GraphBuffer[i] > low) && (i < GraphTraceLen))
                        ++i;
                if (j>=(MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN/64)) {
                        break;
                }
                tmpbuff[j++]= i - start;
                        ++i;
                if (j>=(MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN/64)) {
                        break;
                }
                tmpbuff[j++]= i - start;
-               if (i-start < minClk) minClk = i-start;
+               if (i-start < minClk && i < GraphTraceLen) {
+                       minClk = i - start;
+               }
        }
        // set clock
        }
        // set clock
-       if (!clk){
+       if (!clk) {
                for (uint8_t clkCnt = 0; clkCnt<7; clkCnt++) {
                        tol = fndClk[clkCnt]/8;
                for (uint8_t clkCnt = 0; clkCnt<7; clkCnt++) {
                        tol = fndClk[clkCnt]/8;
-                       if (fndClk[clkCnt]-tol >= minClk) { 
+                       if (minClk >= fndClk[clkCnt]-tol && minClk <= fndClk[clkCnt]+1) { 
                                clk=fndClk[clkCnt];
                                break;
                        }
                }
                                clk=fndClk[clkCnt];
                                break;
                        }
                }
+               if (!clk) {
+                       PrintAndLog("ERROR: EM4x50 - didn't find a clock");
+                       return 0;
+               }
        } else tol = clk/8;
 
        // look for data start - should be 2 pairs of LW (pulses of clk*3,clk*2)
        } else tol = clk/8;
 
        // look for data start - should be 2 pairs of LW (pulses of clk*3,clk*2)
-       start= -1;
-       skip= 0;
-       for (i= 0; i < j - 4 ; ++i)
-       {
+       start = -1;
+       for (i= 0; i < j - 4 ; ++i) {
                skip += tmpbuff[i];
                skip += tmpbuff[i];
-               if (tmpbuff[i] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i] <= clk*3+tol)
-                       if (tmpbuff[i+1] >= clk*2-tol && tmpbuff[i+1] <= clk*2+tol)
-                               if (tmpbuff[i+2] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i+2] <= clk*3+tol)
-                                       if (tmpbuff[i+3] >= clk-tol)
+               if (tmpbuff[i] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i] <= clk*3+tol)  //3 clocks
+                       if (tmpbuff[i+1] >= clk*2-tol && tmpbuff[i+1] <= clk*2+tol)  //2 clocks
+                               if (tmpbuff[i+2] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i+2] <= clk*3+tol) //3 clocks
+                                       if (tmpbuff[i+3] >= clk-tol)  //1.5 to 2 clocks - depends on bit following
                                        {
                                                start= i + 4;
                                                break;
                                        }
        }
                                        {
                                                start= i + 4;
                                                break;
                                        }
        }
-       startblock= i + 4;
+       startblock = i + 4;
 
        // skip over the remainder of LW
 
        // skip over the remainder of LW
-       skip += tmpbuff[i+1] + tmpbuff[i+2] + clk + clk/8;
-       
-       int phaseoff = tmpbuff[i+3]-clk;
-
+       skip += tmpbuff[i+1] + tmpbuff[i+2] + clk;
+       if (tmpbuff[i+3]>clk) 
+               phaseoff = tmpbuff[i+3]-clk;
+       else
+               phaseoff = 0;
        // now do it again to find the end
        end = skip;
        // now do it again to find the end
        end = skip;
-       for (i += 3; i < j - 4 ; ++i)
-       {
+       for (i += 3; i < j - 4 ; ++i) {
                end += tmpbuff[i];
                end += tmpbuff[i];
-               if (tmpbuff[i] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i] <= clk*3 + tol)
-                       if (tmpbuff[i+1] >= clk*2-tol && tmpbuff[i+1] <= clk*2 + tol)
-                               if (tmpbuff[i+2] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i+2] <= clk*3 + tol)
-                                       if (tmpbuff[i+3] >= clk-tol)
+               if (tmpbuff[i] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i] <= clk*3+tol)  //3 clocks
+                       if (tmpbuff[i+1] >= clk*2-tol && tmpbuff[i+1] <= clk*2+tol)  //2 clocks
+                               if (tmpbuff[i+2] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i+2] <= clk*3+tol) //3 clocks
+                                       if (tmpbuff[i+3] >= clk-tol)  //1.5 to 2 clocks - depends on bit following
                                        {
                                                complete= true;
                                                break;
                                        {
                                                complete= true;
                                                break;
@@ -410,51 +415,46 @@ int EM4x50Read(const char *Cmd, bool verbose)
        // report back
        if (verbose || g_debugMode) {
                if (start >= 0) {
        // report back
        if (verbose || g_debugMode) {
                if (start >= 0) {
-                       PrintAndLog("\nNote: should print 45 bits then 0177 (end of block)");
-                       PrintAndLog("      for each block");
-                       PrintAndLog("      Also, sometimes the demod gets out of sync and ");
-                       PrintAndLog("      inverts the output - when this happens the 0177");
-                       PrintAndLog("      will be 3 extra 1's at the end");
-                       PrintAndLog("        'data askedge' command may fix that");
+                       PrintAndLog("\nNote: one block = 50 bits (32 data, 12 parity, 6 marker)");
                }       else {
                }       else {
-                       PrintAndLog("No data found!");
+                       PrintAndLog("No data found!, clock tried:%d",clk);
                        PrintAndLog("Try again with more samples.");
                        PrintAndLog("Try again with more samples.");
+                       PrintAndLog("  or after a 'data askedge' command to clean up the read");
                        return 0;
                }
                        return 0;
                }
-               if (!complete)
-               {
-                       PrintAndLog("*** Warning!");
-                       PrintAndLog("Partial data - no end found!");
-                       PrintAndLog("Try again with more samples.");
-               }
        } else if (start < 0) return 0;
        } else if (start < 0) return 0;
-       start=skip;
+       start = skip;
        snprintf(tmp2, sizeof(tmp2),"%d %d 1000 %d", clk, invert, clk*47);
        // get rid of leading crap 
        snprintf(tmp2, sizeof(tmp2),"%d %d 1000 %d", clk, invert, clk*47);
        // get rid of leading crap 
-       snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp),"%i",skip);
+       snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%i", skip);
        CmdLtrim(tmp);
        bool pTest;
        CmdLtrim(tmp);
        bool pTest;
-       bool AllPTest=true;
+       bool AllPTest = true;
        // now work through remaining buffer printing out data blocks
        block = 0;
        i = startblock;
        // now work through remaining buffer printing out data blocks
        block = 0;
        i = startblock;
-       while (block < 6)
-       {
+       while (block < 6) {
                if (verbose || g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("\nBlock %i:", block);
                skip = phaseoff;
                
                // look for LW before start of next block
                if (verbose || g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("\nBlock %i:", block);
                skip = phaseoff;
                
                // look for LW before start of next block
-               for ( ; i < j - 4 ; ++i)
-               {
+               for ( ; i < j - 4 ; ++i) {
                        skip += tmpbuff[i];
                        if (tmpbuff[i] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i] <= clk*3+tol)
                                if (tmpbuff[i+1] >= clk-tol)
                                        break;
                }
                        skip += tmpbuff[i];
                        if (tmpbuff[i] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i] <= clk*3+tol)
                                if (tmpbuff[i+1] >= clk-tol)
                                        break;
                }
+               if (i >= j-4) break; //next LW not found
                skip += clk;
                skip += clk;
-               phaseoff = tmpbuff[i+1]-clk;
+               if (tmpbuff[i+1]>clk)
+                       phaseoff = tmpbuff[i+1]-clk;
+               else
+                       phaseoff = 0;
                i += 2;
                i += 2;
-               if (ASKmanDemod(tmp2, false, false)<1) return 0;
+               if (ASKDemod(tmp2, false, false, 1) < 1) {
+                       save_restoreGB(0);
+                       return 0;
+               }
                //set DemodBufferLen to just one block
                DemodBufferLen = skip/clk;
                //test parities
                //set DemodBufferLen to just one block
                DemodBufferLen = skip/clk;
                //test parities
@@ -462,26 +462,32 @@ int EM4x50Read(const char *Cmd, bool verbose)
                pTest &= EM_EndParityTest(DemodBuffer,DemodBufferLen,5,9,0);
                AllPTest &= pTest;
                //get output
                pTest &= EM_EndParityTest(DemodBuffer,DemodBufferLen,5,9,0);
                AllPTest &= pTest;
                //get output
-               Code[block]=OutputEM4x50_Block(DemodBuffer,DemodBufferLen,verbose, pTest);
-               if (g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("\nskipping %d samples, bits:%d",start, skip/clk);
+               Code[block] = OutputEM4x50_Block(DemodBuffer,DemodBufferLen,verbose, pTest);
+               if (g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("\nskipping %d samples, bits:%d", skip, skip/clk);
                //skip to start of next block
                snprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),"%i",skip);
                CmdLtrim(tmp);
                block++;
                //skip to start of next block
                snprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),"%i",skip);
                CmdLtrim(tmp);
                block++;
-               if (i>=end) break; //in case chip doesn't output 6 blocks
+               if (i >= end) break; //in case chip doesn't output 6 blocks
        }
        //print full code:
        if (verbose || g_debugMode || AllPTest){
        }
        //print full code:
        if (verbose || g_debugMode || AllPTest){
-               PrintAndLog("Found data at sample: %i - using clock: %i",skip,clk);    
-               //PrintAndLog("\nSummary:");
-               end=block;
-               for (block=0; block<end; block++){
+               if (!complete) {
+                       PrintAndLog("*** Warning!");
+                       PrintAndLog("Partial data - no end found!");
+                       PrintAndLog("Try again with more samples.");
+               }
+               PrintAndLog("Found data at sample: %i - using clock: %i", start, clk);    
+               end = block;
+               for (block=0; block < end; block++){
                        PrintAndLog("Block %d: %08x",block,Code[block]);
                }
                        PrintAndLog("Block %d: %08x",block,Code[block]);
                }
-               if (AllPTest)
+               if (AllPTest) {
                        PrintAndLog("Parities Passed");
                        PrintAndLog("Parities Passed");
-               else
+               } else {
                        PrintAndLog("Parities Failed");
                        PrintAndLog("Parities Failed");
+                       PrintAndLog("Try cleaning the read samples with 'data askedge'");
+               }
        }
 
        //restore GraphBuffer
        }
 
        //restore GraphBuffer
@@ -489,132 +495,200 @@ int EM4x50Read(const char *Cmd, bool verbose)
        return (int)AllPTest;
 }
 
        return (int)AllPTest;
 }
 
-int CmdEM4x50Read(const char *Cmd)
-{
+int CmdEM4x50Read(const char *Cmd) {
        return EM4x50Read(Cmd, true);
 }
 
        return EM4x50Read(Cmd, true);
 }
 
-int CmdReadWord(const char *Cmd)
-{
-       int Word = -1; //default to invalid word
-       UsbCommand c;
-       
-       sscanf(Cmd, "%d", &Word);
+int usage_lf_em_read(void) {
+       PrintAndLog("Read EM4x50.  Tag must be on antenna. ");
+       PrintAndLog("");
+       PrintAndLog("Usage:  lf em readword [h] <address> <pwd>");
+       PrintAndLog("Options:");
+       PrintAndLog("       h         - this help");
+       PrintAndLog("       address   - memory address to read. (0-15)");
+       PrintAndLog("       pwd       - password (hex) (optional)");
+       PrintAndLog("samples:");
+       PrintAndLog("      lf em readword 1");
+       PrintAndLog("      lf em readword 1 11223344");
+       return 0;
+}
+int CmdReadWord(const char *Cmd) {
+       int addr, pwd;
+       bool usePwd = false;
+       uint8_t ctmp = param_getchar(Cmd, 0);
+       if ( strlen(Cmd) == 0 || ctmp == 'H' || ctmp == 'h' ) return usage_lf_em_read();
+
+       addr = param_get8ex(Cmd, 0, -1, 10);
+       pwd =  param_get32ex(Cmd, 1, -1, 16);
        
        
-       if ( (Word > 15) | (Word < 0) ) {
-               PrintAndLog("Word must be between 0 and 15");
+       if ( (addr > 15) || (addr < 0 ) || ( addr == -1) ) {
+               PrintAndLog("Address must be between 0 and 15");
                return 1;
        }
                return 1;
        }
+       if ( pwd == -1 )
+               PrintAndLog("Reading address %d", addr);
+       else {
+               usePwd = true;
+               PrintAndLog("Reading address %d | password %08X", addr, pwd);
+       }
        
        
-       PrintAndLog("Reading word %d", Word);
-       
-       c.cmd = CMD_EM4X_READ_WORD;
-       c.d.asBytes[0] = 0x0; //Normal mode
-       c.arg[0] = 0;
-       c.arg[1] = Word;
-       c.arg[2] = 0;
+       UsbCommand c = {CMD_EM4X_READ_WORD, {addr, pwd, usePwd}};
+       clearCommandBuffer();
        SendCommand(&c);
        SendCommand(&c);
-       return 0;
-}
-
-int CmdReadWordPWD(const char *Cmd)
-{
-       int Word = -1; //default to invalid word
-       int Password = 0xFFFFFFFF; //default to blank password
-       UsbCommand c;
+       UsbCommand resp;        
+       if (!WaitForResponseTimeout(CMD_ACK, &resp, 2500)){
+               PrintAndLog("Command timed out");
+               return -1;
+       }
+       
+       uint8_t got[6000];
+       GetFromBigBuf(got, sizeof(got), 0);
+       if ( !WaitForResponseTimeout(CMD_ACK, NULL, 2500) ) {
+               PrintAndLog("command execution time out");
+               return -1;
+       }
+       setGraphBuf(got, sizeof(got));
        
        
-       sscanf(Cmd, "%d %x", &Word, &Password);
        
        
-       if ( (Word > 15) | (Word < 0) ) {
-               PrintAndLog("Word must be between 0 and 15");
-               return 1;
+       int ans = 0;
+       //bool ST = true;
+       DemodBufferLen = 0x00;  
+
+       //ans = ASKDemod_ext("0 0 1", FALSE, FALSE, 1, &ST);
+       ans = ASKbiphaseDemod("0 0 1", FALSE);
+       if (!ans) { 
+               if (g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - EM4305: ASK/Manchester Demod failed");
+               return -1;
        }
        }
+
+       size_t startIdx = 0, size = DemodBufferLen; 
+
+       PrintAndLog("ANS: %d | %u | %u", ans, startIdx, size);
+
        
        
-       PrintAndLog("Reading word %d with password %08X", Word, Password);
+       uint8_t preamble[8] = {0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0};        
+       uint8_t errChk = !preambleSearch(DemodBuffer, preamble, sizeof(preamble), &size, &startIdx);
+       if ( errChk == 0) {
+               if (g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - EM4305 preamble not found :: %d", startIdx);
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       // sanity check. 
+       if (size != 32) {
+               if (g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - EM4305 incorrect data length found,  %u", size );
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       //setDemodBuf(BitStream, 32, preambleIndex);
        
        
-       c.cmd = CMD_EM4X_READ_WORD;
-       c.d.asBytes[0] = 0x1; //Password mode
-       c.arg[0] = 0;
-       c.arg[1] = Word;
-       c.arg[2] = Password;
-       SendCommand(&c);
-       return 0;
+       return 1;
 }
 
 }
 
-int CmdWriteWord(const char *Cmd)
-{
-       int Word = 16; //default to invalid block
-       int Data = 0xFFFFFFFF; //default to blank data
-       UsbCommand c;
+int usage_lf_em_write(void) {
+       PrintAndLog("Write EM4x50.  Tag must be on antenna. ");
+       PrintAndLog("");
+       PrintAndLog("Usage:  lf em writeword [h] <address> <data> <pwd>");
+       PrintAndLog("Options:");
+       PrintAndLog("       h         - this help");
+       PrintAndLog("       address   - memory address to write to. (0-15)");
+       PrintAndLog("       data      - data to write (hex)");  
+       PrintAndLog("       pwd       - password (hex) (optional)");
+       PrintAndLog("samples:");
+       PrintAndLog("      lf em writeword 1");
+       PrintAndLog("      lf em writeword 1 deadc0de 11223344");
+       return 0;
+}
+int CmdWriteWord(const char *Cmd) {
+       uint8_t ctmp = param_getchar(Cmd, 0);
+       if ( strlen(Cmd) == 0 || ctmp == 'H' || ctmp == 'h' ) return usage_lf_em_write();
+       
+       bool usePwd = false;
+               
+       int addr = 16; // default to invalid address
+       int data = 0xFFFFFFFF; // default to blank data
+       int pwd = 0xFFFFFFFF; // default to blank password
+       
+       addr = param_get8ex(Cmd, 0, -1, 10);
+       data = param_get32ex(Cmd, 1, -1, 16);
+       pwd =  param_get32ex(Cmd, 2, -1, 16);
        
        
-       sscanf(Cmd, "%x %d", &Data, &Word);
        
        
-       if (Word > 15) {
-               PrintAndLog("Word must be between 0 and 15");
+       if ( (addr > 15) || (addr < 0 ) || ( addr == -1) ) {
+               PrintAndLog("Address must be between 0 and 15");
                return 1;
        }
                return 1;
        }
+       if ( pwd == -1 )
+               PrintAndLog("Writing address %d data %08X", addr, data);        
+       else {
+               usePwd = true;
+               PrintAndLog("Writing address %d data %08X using password %08X", addr, data, pwd);               
+       }
        
        
-       PrintAndLog("Writing word %d with data %08X", Word, Data);
+       uint16_t flag = (addr << 8 ) | usePwd;
        
        
-       c.cmd = CMD_EM4X_WRITE_WORD;
-       c.d.asBytes[0] = 0x0; //Normal mode
-       c.arg[0] = Data;
-       c.arg[1] = Word;
-       c.arg[2] = 0;
+       UsbCommand c = {CMD_EM4X_WRITE_WORD, {flag, data, pwd}};
+       clearCommandBuffer();
        SendCommand(&c);
        SendCommand(&c);
-       return 0;
-}
-
-int CmdWriteWordPWD(const char *Cmd)
-{
-       int Word = 16; //default to invalid word
-       int Data = 0xFFFFFFFF; //default to blank data
-       int Password = 0xFFFFFFFF; //default to blank password
-       UsbCommand c;
-       
-       sscanf(Cmd, "%x %d %x", &Data, &Word, &Password);
+       UsbCommand resp;        
+       if (!WaitForResponseTimeout(CMD_ACK, &resp, 1000)){
+               PrintAndLog("Error occurred, device did not respond during write operation.");
+               return -1;
+       }
        
        
-       if (Word > 15) {
-               PrintAndLog("Word must be between 0 and 15");
-               return 1;
+       //get response if there is one
+       uint8_t got[6000]; // 8 bit preamble + 32 bit word response (max clock (128) * 40bits = 5120 samples)
+       GetFromBigBuf(got, sizeof(got), 0);
+       if ( !WaitForResponseTimeout(CMD_ACK, NULL, 8000) ) {
+               PrintAndLog("command execution time out");
+               return -2;
        }
        }
+       setGraphBuf(got, sizeof(got));
        
        
-       PrintAndLog("Writing word %d with data %08X and password %08X", Word, Data, Password);
+       int ans = 0;
+       //bool ST = true;
+       DemodBufferLen = 0x00;  
+
+       //ans = ASKDemod_ext("0 0 1", FALSE, FALSE, 1, &ST);
+       ans = ASKbiphaseDemod("0 0 1", FALSE);
+       if (!ans) { 
+               if (g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - EM4305: ASK/Manchester Demod failed");
+               return -3;
+       }
+       PrintAndLog("ANS: %d", ans);
        
        
-       c.cmd = CMD_EM4X_WRITE_WORD;
-       c.d.asBytes[0] = 0x1; //Password mode
-       c.arg[0] = Data;
-       c.arg[1] = Word;
-       c.arg[2] = Password;
-       SendCommand(&c);
+       //todo: check response for 00001010 then write data for write confirmation!     
+       size_t startIdx = 0, size = DemodBufferLen; 
+
+       uint8_t preamble[8] = {0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0};                
+       if (!preambleSearch(DemodBuffer, preamble, sizeof(preamble), &size, &startIdx)){
+               if (g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - EM4305 preamble not found :: %d", startIdx);
+               return -4;
+       }
+       PrintAndLog("Write OK");
        return 0;
 }
 
        return 0;
 }
 
-static command_t CommandTable[] =
-{
-       {"help", CmdHelp, 1, "This help"},
-       {"em410xdemod", CmdEMdemodASK, 0, "[findone] -- Extract ID from EM410x tag (option 0 for continuous loop, 1 for only 1 tag)"},  
-       {"em410xread", CmdEM410xRead, 1, "[clock rate] -- Extract ID from EM410x tag"},
-       {"em410xsim", CmdEM410xSim, 0, "<UID> -- Simulate EM410x tag"},
-       {"em410xwatch", CmdEM410xWatch, 0, "['h'] -- Watches for EM410x 125/134 kHz tags (option 'h' for 134)"},
-       {"em410xspoof", CmdEM410xWatchnSpoof, 0, "['h'] --- Watches for EM410x 125/134 kHz tags, and replays them. (option 'h' for 134)" },
-       {"em410xwrite", CmdEM410xWrite, 1, "<UID> <'0' T5555> <'1' T55x7> [clock rate] -- Write EM410x UID to T5555(Q5) or T55x7 tag, optionally setting clock rate"},
-       {"em4x50read", CmdEM4x50Read, 1, "Extract data from EM4x50 tag"},
-       {"readword", CmdReadWord, 1, "<Word> -- Read EM4xxx word data"},
-       {"readwordPWD", CmdReadWordPWD, 1, "<Word> <Password> -- Read EM4xxx word data in password mode"},
-       {"writeword", CmdWriteWord, 1, "<Data> <Word> -- Write EM4xxx word data"},
-       {"writewordPWD", CmdWriteWordPWD, 1, "<Data> <Word> <Password> -- Write EM4xxx word data in password mode"},
+static command_t CommandTable[] = {
+       {"help",                CmdHelp,                        1, "This help"},
+       {"em410xdemod", CmdEMdemodASK,          0, "[findone] -- Extract ID from EM410x tag (option 0 for continuous loop, 1 for only 1 tag)"},  
+       {"em410xread",  CmdEM410xRead,          1, "[clock rate] -- Extract ID from EM410x tag in GraphBuffer"},
+       {"em410xsim",   CmdEM410xSim,           0, "<UID> -- Simulate EM410x tag"},
+       {"em410xwatch", CmdEM410xWatch,         0, "['h'] -- Watches for EM410x 125/134 kHz tags (option 'h' for 134)"},
+       {"em410xspoof", CmdEM410xWatchnSpoof, 0, "['h'] --- Watches for EM410x 125/134 kHz tags, and replays them. (option 'h' for 134)" },
+       {"em410xwrite", CmdEM410xWrite,         0, "<UID> <'0' T5555> <'1' T55x7> [clock rate] -- Write EM410x UID to T5555(Q5) or T55x7 tag, optionally setting clock rate"},
+       {"em4x50read",  CmdEM4x50Read,          1, "demod data from EM4x50 tag from the graphbuffer"},
+       {"readword",    CmdReadWord,            1, "read EM4x05/4x69 data"},
+       {"writeword",   CmdWriteWord,           1, "write EM405/4x69 data"},
        {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}
 };
 
        {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}
 };
 
-int CmdLFEM4X(const char *Cmd)
-{
+int CmdLFEM4X(const char *Cmd) {
+       clearCommandBuffer();
        CmdsParse(CommandTable, Cmd);
        return 0;
 }
 
        CmdsParse(CommandTable, Cmd);
        return 0;
 }
 
-int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd)
-{
+int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd) {
        CmdsHelp(CommandTable);
        return 0;
 }
        CmdsHelp(CommandTable);
        return 0;
 }
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