CHG: updated helptext for lf t55xx bruteforce

[proxmark3-svn] / armsrc / iso14443a.c

diff --git a/armsrc/iso14443a.c b/armsrc/iso14443a.c
index e1ec477c454ebb1f9f92f5aeb301edf454940d0b..29d9728a0f8e95e777b7c6f6f8ef397054faf451 100644 (file)
--- a/armsrc/iso14443a.c
+++ b/armsrc/iso14443a.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

 // Merlok - June 2011, 2012
 // Gerhard de Koning Gans - May 2008
 // Hagen Fritsch - June 2010
 // Merlok - June 2011, 2012
 // Gerhard de Koning Gans - May 2008
 // Hagen Fritsch - June 2010


@@ -565,19 +565,18 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffIso14443a(uint8_t param) {
        // param:
        // bit 0 - trigger from first card answer
        // bit 1 - trigger from first reader 7-bit request
        // param:
        // bit 0 - trigger from first card answer
        // bit 1 - trigger from first reader 7-bit request

-       

        LEDsoff();
 
        LEDsoff();
 

-       // We won't start recording the frames that we acquire until we trigger;
-       // a good trigger condition to get started is probably when we see a
-       // response from the tag.
-       // triggered == FALSE -- to wait first for card
-       bool triggered = !(param & 0x03); 
+       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_SNIFFER);

        
        // Allocate memory from BigBuf for some buffers
        // free all previous allocations first
        BigBuf_free();
        
        // Allocate memory from BigBuf for some buffers
        // free all previous allocations first
        BigBuf_free();

-
+       
+       // init trace buffer
+       clear_trace();
+       set_tracing(TRUE);
+       

        // The command (reader -> tag) that we're receiving.
        uint8_t *receivedCmd = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_FRAME_SIZE);
        uint8_t *receivedCmdPar = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_PARITY_SIZE);
        // The command (reader -> tag) that we're receiving.
        uint8_t *receivedCmd = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_FRAME_SIZE);
        uint8_t *receivedCmdPar = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_PARITY_SIZE);


@@ -589,10 +588,6 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffIso14443a(uint8_t param) {
        // The DMA buffer, used to stream samples from the FPGA
        uint8_t *dmaBuf = BigBuf_malloc(DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
 
        // The DMA buffer, used to stream samples from the FPGA
        uint8_t *dmaBuf = BigBuf_malloc(DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
 

-       // init trace buffer
-       clear_trace();
-       set_tracing(TRUE);
-

        uint8_t *data = dmaBuf;
        uint8_t previous_data = 0;
        int maxDataLen = 0;
        uint8_t *data = dmaBuf;
        uint8_t previous_data = 0;
        int maxDataLen = 0;


@@ -600,8 +595,6 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffIso14443a(uint8_t param) {
        bool TagIsActive = FALSE;
        bool ReaderIsActive = FALSE;
        
        bool TagIsActive = FALSE;
        bool ReaderIsActive = FALSE;
        

-       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_SNIFFER);
-

        // Set up the demodulator for tag -> reader responses.
        DemodInit(receivedResponse, receivedResponsePar);
        
        // Set up the demodulator for tag -> reader responses.
        DemodInit(receivedResponse, receivedResponsePar);
        


@@ -611,6 +604,12 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffIso14443a(uint8_t param) {
        // Setup and start DMA.
        FpgaSetupSscDma((uint8_t *)dmaBuf, DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
        
        // Setup and start DMA.
        FpgaSetupSscDma((uint8_t *)dmaBuf, DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
        

+       // We won't start recording the frames that we acquire until we trigger;
+       // a good trigger condition to get started is probably when we see a
+       // response from the tag.
+       // triggered == FALSE -- to wait first for card
+       bool triggered = !(param & 0x03); 
+       

        // And now we loop, receiving samples.
        for(uint32_t rsamples = 0; TRUE; ) {
 
        // And now we loop, receiving samples.
        for(uint32_t rsamples = 0; TRUE; ) {
 


@@ -673,7 +672,6 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffIso14443a(uint8_t param) {
                                        }
                                        /* And ready to receive another command. */
                                        UartReset();
                                        }
                                        /* And ready to receive another command. */
                                        UartReset();

-                                       //UartInit(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar);

                                        /* And also reset the demod code, which might have been */
                                        /* false-triggered by the commands from the reader. */
                                        DemodReset();
                                        /* And also reset the demod code, which might have been */
                                        /* false-triggered by the commands from the reader. */
                                        DemodReset();


@@ -715,12 +713,13 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffIso14443a(uint8_t param) {
                }
        } // main cycle
 
                }
        } // main cycle
 

-       DbpString("COMMAND FINISHED");
-

        FpgaDisableSscDma();
        FpgaDisableSscDma();

+       LEDsoff();
+

        Dbprintf("maxDataLen=%d, Uart.state=%x, Uart.len=%d", maxDataLen, Uart.state, Uart.len);
        Dbprintf("traceLen=%d, Uart.output[0]=%08x", BigBuf_get_traceLen(), (uint32_t)Uart.output[0]);
        Dbprintf("maxDataLen=%d, Uart.state=%x, Uart.len=%d", maxDataLen, Uart.state, Uart.len);
        Dbprintf("traceLen=%d, Uart.output[0]=%08x", BigBuf_get_traceLen(), (uint32_t)Uart.output[0]);

-       LEDsoff();
+       
+       set_tracing(FALSE);     

 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------


@@ -913,8 +912,9 @@ bool prepare_tag_modulation(tag_response_info_t* response_info, size_t max_buffe
 // Coded responses need one byte per bit to transfer (data, parity, start, stop, correction) 
 // 28 * 8 data bits, 28 * 1 parity bits, 7 start bits, 7 stop bits, 7 correction bits
 // -> need 273 bytes buffer
 // Coded responses need one byte per bit to transfer (data, parity, start, stop, correction) 
 // 28 * 8 data bits, 28 * 1 parity bits, 7 start bits, 7 stop bits, 7 correction bits
 // -> need 273 bytes buffer

-// 44 * 8 data bits, 44 * 1 parity bits, 9 start bits, 9 stop bits, 9 correction bits
-#define ALLOCATED_TAG_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE 370  //273
+// 44 * 8 data bits, 44 * 1 parity bits, 9 start bits, 9 stop bits, 9 correction bits --370
+// 47 * 8 data bits, 47 * 1 parity bits, 10 start bits, 10 stop bits, 10 correction bits 
+#define ALLOCATED_TAG_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE 453 

 
 bool prepare_allocated_tag_modulation(tag_response_info_t* response_info) {
   // Retrieve and store the current buffer index
 
 bool prepare_allocated_tag_modulation(tag_response_info_t* response_info) {
   // Retrieve and store the current buffer index


@@ -937,9 +937,9 @@ bool prepare_allocated_tag_modulation(tag_response_info_t* response_info) {
 // Main loop of simulated tag: receive commands from reader, decide what
 // response to send, and send it.
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Main loop of simulated tag: receive commands from reader, decide what
 // response to send, and send it.
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
+void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, byte_t* data)

 {
 {

-
+       uint32_t counters[] = {0,0,0};

        //Here, we collect UID,NT,AR,NR,UID2,NT2,AR2,NR2
        // This can be used in a reader-only attack.
        // (it can also be retrieved via 'hf 14a list', but hey...
        //Here, we collect UID,NT,AR,NR,UID2,NT2,AR2,NR2
        // This can be used in a reader-only attack.
        // (it can also be retrieved via 'hf 14a list', but hey...


@@ -947,15 +947,12 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
        uint8_t ar_nr_collected = 0;
        
        uint8_t sak;
        uint8_t ar_nr_collected = 0;
        
        uint8_t sak;

-
-       uint8_t blockzeros[512];
-       memset(blockzeros, 0x00, sizeof(blockzeros));

                                        
        // PACK response to PWD AUTH for EV1/NTAG
                                        
        // PACK response to PWD AUTH for EV1/NTAG

-       uint8_t response8[4];
+       uint8_t response8[4] =  {0,0,0,0};

        
        // The first response contains the ATQA (note: bytes are transmitted in reverse order).
        
        // The first response contains the ATQA (note: bytes are transmitted in reverse order).

-       uint8_t response1[2];
+       uint8_t response1[2] =  {0,0};

        
        switch (tagType) {
                case 1: { // MIFARE Classic
        
        switch (tagType) {
                case 1: { // MIFARE Classic


@@ -1052,7 +1049,7 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
        response3a[0] = sak & 0xFB;
        ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response3a, 1, &response3a[1], &response3a[2]);
 
        response3a[0] = sak & 0xFB;
        ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response3a, 1, &response3a[1], &response3a[2]);
 

-       uint8_t response5[] = { 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01 }; // Very random tag nonce
+       uint8_t response5[] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }; // Very random tag nonce

        uint8_t response6[] = { 0x04, 0x58, 0x80, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00 }; // dummy ATS (pseudo-ATR), answer to RATS: 
        // Format byte = 0x58: FSCI=0x08 (FSC=256), TA(1) and TC(1) present, 
        // TA(1) = 0x80: different divisors not supported, DR = 1, DS = 1
        uint8_t response6[] = { 0x04, 0x58, 0x80, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00 }; // dummy ATS (pseudo-ATR), answer to RATS: 
        // Format byte = 0x58: FSCI=0x08 (FSC=256), TA(1) and TC(1) present, 
        // TA(1) = 0x80: different divisors not supported, DR = 1, DS = 1


@@ -1064,7 +1061,10 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
        //uint8_t response7_EV1[] = {0x00, 0x04, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x0b, 0x03, 0xfd, 0xf7};  //EV1 48bytes VERSION.
        uint8_t response7_NTAG[] = {0x00, 0x04, 0x04, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x11, 0x03, 0x01, 0x9e}; //NTAG 215
        
        //uint8_t response7_EV1[] = {0x00, 0x04, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x0b, 0x03, 0xfd, 0xf7};  //EV1 48bytes VERSION.
        uint8_t response7_NTAG[] = {0x00, 0x04, 0x04, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x11, 0x03, 0x01, 0x9e}; //NTAG 215
        

-       #define TAG_RESPONSE_COUNT 9
+       // Prepare CHK_TEARING
+       uint8_t response9[] =  {0xBD,0x90,0x3f};
+       
+       #define TAG_RESPONSE_COUNT 10

        tag_response_info_t responses[TAG_RESPONSE_COUNT] = {
                { .response = response1,  .response_n = sizeof(response1)  },  // Answer to request - respond with card type
                { .response = response2,  .response_n = sizeof(response2)  },  // Anticollision cascade1 - respond with uid
        tag_response_info_t responses[TAG_RESPONSE_COUNT] = {
                { .response = response1,  .response_n = sizeof(response1)  },  // Answer to request - respond with card type
                { .response = response2,  .response_n = sizeof(response2)  },  // Anticollision cascade1 - respond with uid


@@ -1075,6 +1075,7 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                { .response = response6,  .response_n = sizeof(response6)  },  // dummy ATS (pseudo-ATR), answer to RATS
                { .response = response7_NTAG,  .response_n = sizeof(response7_NTAG)  },  // EV1/NTAG GET_VERSION response
                { .response = response8,   .response_n = sizeof(response8) },  // EV1/NTAG PACK response
                { .response = response6,  .response_n = sizeof(response6)  },  // dummy ATS (pseudo-ATR), answer to RATS
                { .response = response7_NTAG,  .response_n = sizeof(response7_NTAG)  },  // EV1/NTAG GET_VERSION response
                { .response = response8,   .response_n = sizeof(response8) },  // EV1/NTAG PACK response

+               { .response = response9,   .response_n = sizeof(response9) }  // EV1/NTAG CHK_TEAR response

        };
 
        // Allocate 512 bytes for the dynamic modulation, created when the reader queries for it
        };
 
        // Allocate 512 bytes for the dynamic modulation, created when the reader queries for it


@@ -1090,6 +1091,9 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                .modulation_n = 0
        };
   
                .modulation_n = 0
        };
   

+       // We need to listen to the high-frequency, peak-detected path.
+       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);
+

        BigBuf_free_keep_EM();
 
        // allocate buffers:
        BigBuf_free_keep_EM();
 
        // allocate buffers:


@@ -1118,9 +1122,6 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
        int happened2 = 0;
        int cmdsRecvd = 0;
 
        int happened2 = 0;
        int cmdsRecvd = 0;
 

-       // We need to listen to the high-frequency, peak-detected path.
-       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);
-

        cmdsRecvd = 0;
        tag_response_info_t* p_response;
 
        cmdsRecvd = 0;
        tag_response_info_t* p_response;
 


@@ -1152,11 +1153,10 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x30) {     // Received a (plain) READ
                        uint8_t block = receivedCmd[1];
                        if ( tagType == 7 ) {
                } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x30) {     // Received a (plain) READ
                        uint8_t block = receivedCmd[1];
                        if ( tagType == 7 ) {

+                               uint16_t start = 4 * block;

                                
                                

-                               if ( block < 4 ) {
+                               /*if ( block < 4 ) {

                                    //NTAG 215
                                    //NTAG 215

-                                       uint8_t start = 4 * block;
-                                       

                                        uint8_t blockdata[50] = {
                                        data[0],data[1],data[2], 0x88 ^ data[0] ^ data[1] ^ data[2],
                                        data[3],data[4],data[5],data[6],
                                        uint8_t blockdata[50] = {
                                        data[0],data[1],data[2], 0x88 ^ data[0] ^ data[1] ^ data[2],
                                        data[3],data[4],data[5],data[6],


@@ -1167,12 +1167,14 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                                        0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
                                        0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
                                        0x00,0x00};
                                        0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
                                        0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
                                        0x00,0x00};

-                                       ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, blockdata+start, 16, blockdata+start+17, blockdata+start+18);
-                                       EmSendCmdEx( blockdata+start, 18, false);
-                               } else {                                
-                                       ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, blockzeros,16, blockzeros+17,blockzeros+18);
-                                       EmSendCmdEx(blockzeros,18,false);
-                               }
+                                       AppendCrc14443a(blockdata+start, 16);
+                                       EmSendCmdEx( blockdata+start, MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE, false);
+                               } else {*/      
+                                       uint8_t emdata[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE];
+                                       emlGetMemBt( emdata, start, 16);
+                                       AppendCrc14443a(emdata, 16);
+                                       EmSendCmdEx(emdata, sizeof(emdata), false);                             
+                               //}

                                p_response = NULL;
                                
                        } else {                        
                                p_response = NULL;
                                
                        } else {                        


@@ -1181,11 +1183,16 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                                // We already responded, do not send anything with the EmSendCmd14443aRaw() that is called below
                                p_response = NULL;
                        }
                                // We already responded, do not send anything with the EmSendCmd14443aRaw() that is called below
                                p_response = NULL;
                        }

-               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x3A) {     // Received a FAST READ   -- just returns all zeros.
-                               uint8_t len = (receivedCmd[2]- receivedCmd[1] ) * 4;
-                               ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, blockzeros,len, blockzeros+len+1, blockzeros+len+2);
-                               EmSendCmdEx(blockzeros,len+2,false);                            
-                               p_response = NULL;                      
+               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x3A) {     // Received a FAST READ (ranged read)
+                               
+                               uint8_t emdata[MAX_FRAME_SIZE];
+                               int start =  receivedCmd[1] * 4;
+                               int len   = (receivedCmd[2] - receivedCmd[1] + 1) * 4;
+                               emlGetMemBt( emdata, start, len);
+                               AppendCrc14443a(emdata, len);
+                               EmSendCmdEx(emdata, len+2, false);                              
+                               p_response = NULL;
+                               

                } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x3C && tagType == 7) {     // Received a READ SIGNATURE -- 
                                // ECC data,  taken from a NTAG215 amiibo token. might work. LEN: 32, + 2 crc
                                uint8_t data[] = {0x56,0x06,0xa6,0x4f,0x43,0x32,0x53,0x6f,
                } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x3C && tagType == 7) {     // Received a READ SIGNATURE -- 
                                // ECC data,  taken from a NTAG215 amiibo token. might work. LEN: 32, + 2 crc
                                uint8_t data[] = {0x56,0x06,0xa6,0x4f,0x43,0x32,0x53,0x6f,


@@ -1193,14 +1200,31 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                                                                  0xcf,0xd3,0x61,0x36,0xca,0x5f,0xbb,0x05,
                                                                  0xce,0x21,0x24,0x5b,0xa6,0x7a,0x79,0x07,
                                                                  0x00,0x00};
                                                                  0xcf,0xd3,0x61,0x36,0xca,0x5f,0xbb,0x05,
                                                                  0xce,0x21,0x24,0x5b,0xa6,0x7a,0x79,0x07,
                                                                  0x00,0x00};

-                               ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, data, sizeof(data), data+33, data+34);
-                               EmSendCmdEx(data,sizeof(data),false);                           
+                               AppendCrc14443a(data, sizeof(data)-2);
+                               EmSendCmdEx(data,sizeof(data),false);

                                p_response = NULL;                                      
                                p_response = NULL;                                      

-               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x39 && tagType == 7) {     // Received a READ COUNTER -- 
-                               uint8_t data[] =  {0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00};
-                               ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, data, sizeof(data), data+4, data+5);
-                               EmSendCmdEx(data,sizeof(data),false);                           
-                               p_response = NULL;                      
+               } else if (receivedCmd[0] == 0x39 && tagType == 7) {    // Received a READ COUNTER -- 
+                       uint8_t index = receivedCmd[1];
+                       uint8_t data[] =  {0x00,0x00,0x00,0x14,0xa5};
+                       if ( counters[index] > 0) {
+                               num_to_bytes(counters[index], 3, data);
+                               AppendCrc14443a(data, sizeof(data)-2);
+                       }
+                       EmSendCmdEx(data,sizeof(data),false);                           
+                       p_response = NULL;
+               } else if (receivedCmd[0] == 0xA5 && tagType == 7) {    // Received a INC COUNTER -- 
+                       // number of counter
+                       uint8_t counter = receivedCmd[1];
+                       uint32_t val = bytes_to_num(receivedCmd+2,4);
+                       counters[counter] = val;
+               
+                       // send ACK
+                       uint8_t ack[] = {0x0a};
+                       EmSendCmdEx(ack,sizeof(ack),false);
+                       p_response = NULL;
+                       
+               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x3E && tagType == 7) {     // Received a CHECK_TEARING_EVENT -- 
+                               p_response = &responses[9];                             

                } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x50) {     // Received a HALT
 
                        if (tracing) {
                } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x50) {     // Received a HALT
 
                        if (tracing) {


@@ -1257,6 +1281,16 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                                                                ar_nr_responses[8], // AR2
                                                                ar_nr_responses[9]  // NR2
                                                        );
                                                                ar_nr_responses[8], // AR2
                                                                ar_nr_responses[9]  // NR2
                                                        );

+                                                       Dbprintf("../tools/mfkey/mfkey32v2 %06x%08x %08x %08x %08x %08x %08x %08x",
+                                                               ar_nr_responses[0], // UID1
+                                                               ar_nr_responses[1], // UID2
+                                                               ar_nr_responses[2], // NT1
+                                                               ar_nr_responses[3], // AR1
+                                                               ar_nr_responses[4], // NR1
+                                                               ar_nr_responses[7], // NT2
+                                                               ar_nr_responses[8], // AR2
+                                                               ar_nr_responses[9]  // NR2
+                                                               );

                                        }
                                        uint8_t len = ar_nr_collected*5*4;
                                        cmd_send(CMD_ACK,CMD_SIMULATE_MIFARE_CARD,len,0,&ar_nr_responses,len);
                                        }
                                        uint8_t len = ar_nr_collected*5*4;
                                        cmd_send(CMD_ACK,CMD_SIMULATE_MIFARE_CARD,len,0,&ar_nr_responses,len);


@@ -1272,14 +1306,23 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                {
                        if ( tagType == 7 ) {
                                p_response =  &responses[8]; // PACK response
                {
                        if ( tagType == 7 ) {
                                p_response =  &responses[8]; // PACK response

+                               uint32_t pwd = bytes_to_num(receivedCmd+1,4);
+                               
+                               if ( MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3)  Dbprintf("Auth attempt: %08x", pwd);    

                        }
                }
                else {
                        // Check for ISO 14443A-4 compliant commands, look at left nibble
                        switch (receivedCmd[0]) {
                        }
                }
                else {
                        // Check for ISO 14443A-4 compliant commands, look at left nibble
                        switch (receivedCmd[0]) {

-
+                               case 0x02:
+                               case 0x03: {  // IBlock (command no CID)
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response[0] = receivedCmd[0];
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response[1] = 0x90;
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response[2] = 0x00;
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response_n = 3;
+                               } break;

                                case 0x0B:
                                case 0x0B:

-                               case 0x0A: { // IBlock (command)
+                               case 0x0A: { // IBlock (command CID)

                                  dynamic_response_info.response[0] = receivedCmd[0];
                                  dynamic_response_info.response[1] = 0x00;
                                  dynamic_response_info.response[2] = 0x90;
                                  dynamic_response_info.response[0] = receivedCmd[0];
                                  dynamic_response_info.response[1] = 0x00;
                                  dynamic_response_info.response[2] = 0x90;


@@ -1299,15 +1342,17 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                                  dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
                                } break;
                                  
                                  dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
                                } break;
                                  

-                               case 0xBA: { //
-                                 memcpy(dynamic_response_info.response,"\xAB\x00",2);
-                                 dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
+                               case 0xBA: { // ping / pong
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response[0] = 0xAB;
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response[1] = 0x00;
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;

                                } break;
 
                                case 0xCA:
                                case 0xC2: { // Readers sends deselect command
                                } break;
 
                                case 0xCA:
                                case 0xC2: { // Readers sends deselect command

-                                 memcpy(dynamic_response_info.response,"\xCA\x00",2);
-                                 dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response[0] = 0xCA;
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response[1] = 0x00;
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;

                                } break;
 
                                default: {
                                } break;
 
                                default: {


@@ -1378,10 +1423,15 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
        }
 
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
        }
 
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);

-       
-       Dbprintf("%x %x %x", happened, happened2, cmdsRecvd);
-       LED_A_OFF();
+       set_tracing(FALSE);

        BigBuf_free_keep_EM();
        BigBuf_free_keep_EM();

+       LED_A_OFF();
+       
+       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4){
+               Dbprintf("-[ Wake ups after halt [%d]", happened);
+               Dbprintf("-[ Messages after halt [%d]", happened2);
+               Dbprintf("-[ Num of received cmd [%d]", cmdsRecvd);
+       }

 }
 
 
 }
 
 


@@ -1392,7 +1442,7 @@ void PrepareDelayedTransfer(uint16_t delay)
        uint8_t bitmask = 0;
        uint8_t bits_to_shift = 0;
        uint8_t bits_shifted = 0;
        uint8_t bitmask = 0;
        uint8_t bits_to_shift = 0;
        uint8_t bits_shifted = 0;

-       
+

        delay &= 0x07;
        if (delay) {
                for (uint16_t i = 0; i < delay; i++) {
        delay &= 0x07;
        if (delay) {
                for (uint16_t i = 0; i < delay; i++) {


@@ -1662,9 +1712,7 @@ static int EmSendCmd14443aRaw(uint8_t *resp, uint16_t respLen, bool correctionNe
                        FpgaSendQueueDelay = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
                }
        
                        FpgaSendQueueDelay = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
                }
        

-               if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
-                       break;
-               }
+               if(BUTTON_PRESS()) break;

        }
 
        // Ensure that the FPGA Delay Queue is empty before we switch to TAGSIM_LISTEN again:
        }
 
        // Ensure that the FPGA Delay Queue is empty before we switch to TAGSIM_LISTEN again:


@@ -1794,7 +1842,6 @@ static int GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(uint8_t *receivedResponse, uint8_t *receive
        }
 }
 
        }
 }
 

-

 void ReaderTransmitBitsPar(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t bits, uint8_t *par, uint32_t *timing)
 {
        CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(frame, bits, par);
 void ReaderTransmitBitsPar(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t bits, uint8_t *par, uint32_t *timing)
 {
        CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(frame, bits, par);


@@ -1810,13 +1857,11 @@ void ReaderTransmitBitsPar(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t bits, uint8_t *par, uint32_t
        }
 }
 
        }
 }
 

-

 void ReaderTransmitPar(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t len, uint8_t *par, uint32_t *timing)
 {
   ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame, len*8, par, timing);
 }
 
 void ReaderTransmitPar(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t len, uint8_t *par, uint32_t *timing)
 {
   ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame, len*8, par, timing);
 }
 

-

 void ReaderTransmitBits(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t len, uint32_t *timing)
 {
   // Generate parity and redirect
 void ReaderTransmitBits(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t len, uint32_t *timing)
 {
   // Generate parity and redirect


@@ -1825,7 +1870,6 @@ void ReaderTransmitBits(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t len, uint32_t *timing)
   ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame, len, par, timing);
 }
 
   ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame, len, par, timing);
 }
 

-

 void ReaderTransmit(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t len, uint32_t *timing)
 {
   // Generate parity and redirect
 void ReaderTransmit(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t len, uint32_t *timing)
 {
   // Generate parity and redirect


@@ -1852,10 +1896,12 @@ int ReaderReceive(uint8_t *receivedAnswer, uint8_t *parity)
        return Demod.len;
 }
 
        return Demod.len;
 }
 

-/* performs iso14443a anticollision procedure
- * fills the uid pointer unless NULL
- * fills resp_data unless NULL */
-int iso14443a_select_card(byte_t *uid_ptr, iso14a_card_select_t *p_hi14a_card, uint32_t *cuid_ptr) {
+// performs iso14443a anticollision (optional) and card select procedure
+// fills the uid and cuid pointer unless NULL
+// fills the card info record unless NULL
+// if anticollision is false, then the UID must be provided in uid_ptr[] 
+// and num_cascades must be set (1: 4 Byte UID, 2: 7 Byte UID, 3: 10 Byte UID)
+int iso14443a_select_card(byte_t *uid_ptr, iso14a_card_select_t *p_hi14a_card, uint32_t *cuid_ptr, bool anticollision, uint8_t num_cascades) {

        uint8_t wupa[]       = { 0x52 };  // 0x26 - REQA  0x52 - WAKE-UP
        uint8_t sel_all[]    = { 0x93,0x20 };
        uint8_t sel_uid[]    = { 0x93,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00};
        uint8_t wupa[]       = { 0x52 };  // 0x26 - REQA  0x52 - WAKE-UP
        uint8_t sel_all[]    = { 0x93,0x20 };
        uint8_t sel_uid[]    = { 0x93,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00};


@@ -1870,7 +1916,7 @@ int iso14443a_select_card(byte_t *uid_ptr, iso14a_card_select_t *p_hi14a_card, u
        int len;
 
        // Broadcast for a card, WUPA (0x52) will force response from all cards in the field
        int len;
 
        // Broadcast for a card, WUPA (0x52) will force response from all cards in the field

-    ReaderTransmitBitsPar(wupa,7,0, NULL);
+    ReaderTransmitBitsPar(wupa, 7, NULL, NULL);

        
        // Receive the ATQA
        if(!ReaderReceive(resp, resp_par)) return 0;
        
        // Receive the ATQA
        if(!ReaderReceive(resp, resp_par)) return 0;


@@ -1881,10 +1927,12 @@ int iso14443a_select_card(byte_t *uid_ptr, iso14a_card_select_t *p_hi14a_card, u
                memset(p_hi14a_card->uid,0,10);
        }
 
                memset(p_hi14a_card->uid,0,10);
        }
 

+       if (anticollision) {

        // clear uid
        if (uid_ptr) {
                memset(uid_ptr,0,10);
        }
        // clear uid
        if (uid_ptr) {
                memset(uid_ptr,0,10);
        }

+       }

 
        // check for proprietary anticollision:
        if ((resp[0] & 0x1F) == 0) {
 
        // check for proprietary anticollision:
        if ((resp[0] & 0x1F) == 0) {


@@ -1898,6 +1946,7 @@ int iso14443a_select_card(byte_t *uid_ptr, iso14a_card_select_t *p_hi14a_card, u
                // SELECT_* (L1: 0x93, L2: 0x95, L3: 0x97)
                sel_uid[0] = sel_all[0] = 0x93 + cascade_level * 2;
 
                // SELECT_* (L1: 0x93, L2: 0x95, L3: 0x97)
                sel_uid[0] = sel_all[0] = 0x93 + cascade_level * 2;
 

+               if (anticollision) {

                // SELECT_ALL
                ReaderTransmit(sel_all, sizeof(sel_all), NULL);
                if (!ReaderReceive(resp, resp_par)) return 0;
                // SELECT_ALL
                ReaderTransmit(sel_all, sizeof(sel_all), NULL);
                if (!ReaderReceive(resp, resp_par)) return 0;


@@ -1933,6 +1982,14 @@ int iso14443a_select_card(byte_t *uid_ptr, iso14a_card_select_t *p_hi14a_card, u
                } else {                // no collision, use the response to SELECT_ALL as current uid
                        memcpy(uid_resp, resp, 4);
                }
                } else {                // no collision, use the response to SELECT_ALL as current uid
                        memcpy(uid_resp, resp, 4);
                }

+               } else {
+                       if (cascade_level < num_cascades - 1) {
+                               uid_resp[0] = 0x88;
+                               memcpy(uid_resp+1, uid_ptr+cascade_level*3, 3);
+                       } else {
+                               memcpy(uid_resp, uid_ptr+cascade_level*3, 4);
+                       }
+               }

                uid_resp_len = 4;
 
                // calculate crypto UID. Always use last 4 Bytes.
                uid_resp_len = 4;
 
                // calculate crypto UID. Always use last 4 Bytes.


@@ -1942,7 +1999,7 @@ int iso14443a_select_card(byte_t *uid_ptr, iso14a_card_select_t *p_hi14a_card, u
 
                // Construct SELECT UID command
                sel_uid[1] = 0x70;                                                                                                      // transmitting a full UID (1 Byte cmd, 1 Byte NVB, 4 Byte UID, 1 Byte BCC, 2 Bytes CRC)
 
                // Construct SELECT UID command
                sel_uid[1] = 0x70;                                                                                                      // transmitting a full UID (1 Byte cmd, 1 Byte NVB, 4 Byte UID, 1 Byte BCC, 2 Bytes CRC)

-               memcpy(sel_uid+2, uid_resp, 4);                                                                         // the UID
+               memcpy(sel_uid+2, uid_resp, 4);                                                                         // the UID received during anticollision, or the provided UID

                sel_uid[6] = sel_uid[2] ^ sel_uid[3] ^ sel_uid[4] ^ sel_uid[5];         // calculate and add BCC
                AppendCrc14443a(sel_uid, 7);                                                                            // calculate and add CRC
                ReaderTransmit(sel_uid, sizeof(sel_uid), NULL);
                sel_uid[6] = sel_uid[2] ^ sel_uid[3] ^ sel_uid[4] ^ sel_uid[5];         // calculate and add BCC
                AppendCrc14443a(sel_uid, 7);                                                                            // calculate and add CRC
                ReaderTransmit(sel_uid, sizeof(sel_uid), NULL);


@@ -1958,11 +2015,10 @@ int iso14443a_select_card(byte_t *uid_ptr, iso14a_card_select_t *p_hi14a_card, u
                        uid_resp[0] = uid_resp[1];
                        uid_resp[1] = uid_resp[2];
                        uid_resp[2] = uid_resp[3]; 
                        uid_resp[0] = uid_resp[1];
                        uid_resp[1] = uid_resp[2];
                        uid_resp[2] = uid_resp[3]; 

-

                        uid_resp_len = 3;
                }
 
                        uid_resp_len = 3;
                }
 

-               if(uid_ptr) {
+               if(uid_ptr && anticollision) {

                        memcpy(uid_ptr + (cascade_level*3), uid_resp, uid_resp_len);
                }
 
                        memcpy(uid_ptr + (cascade_level*3), uid_resp, uid_resp_len);
                }
 


@@ -2083,7 +2139,7 @@ void ReaderIso14443a(UsbCommand *c)
                iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_LISTEN);
                if(!(param & ISO14A_NO_SELECT)) {
                        iso14a_card_select_t *card = (iso14a_card_select_t*)buf;
                iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_LISTEN);
                if(!(param & ISO14A_NO_SELECT)) {
                        iso14a_card_select_t *card = (iso14a_card_select_t*)buf;

-                       arg0 = iso14443a_select_card(NULL,card,NULL);
+                       arg0 = iso14443a_select_card(NULL,card,NULL, true, 0);

                        cmd_send(CMD_ACK,arg0,card->uidlen,0,buf,sizeof(iso14a_card_select_t));
                }
        }
                        cmd_send(CMD_ACK,arg0,card->uidlen,0,buf,sizeof(iso14a_card_select_t));
                }
        }


@@ -2145,6 +2201,7 @@ void ReaderIso14443a(UsbCommand *c)
        }
 
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
        }
 
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);

+       set_tracing(FALSE);

        LEDsoff();
 }
 
        LEDsoff();
 }
 


@@ -2154,13 +2211,15 @@ void ReaderIso14443a(UsbCommand *c)
 // Therefore try in alternating directions.
 int32_t dist_nt(uint32_t nt1, uint32_t nt2) {
 
 // Therefore try in alternating directions.
 int32_t dist_nt(uint32_t nt1, uint32_t nt2) {
 

+       uint16_t i;
+       uint32_t nttmp1, nttmp2;
+

        if (nt1 == nt2) return 0;
 
        if (nt1 == nt2) return 0;
 

-       uint16_t i;
-       uint32_t nttmp1 = nt1;
-       uint32_t nttmp2 = nt2;
+       nttmp1 = nt1;
+       nttmp2 = nt2;

        
        

-       for (i = 1; i < 32768; i++) {
+       for (i = 1; i < 0xFFFF; i++) {

                nttmp1 = prng_successor(nttmp1, 1);
                if (nttmp1 == nt2) return i;
                nttmp2 = prng_successor(nttmp2, 1);
                nttmp1 = prng_successor(nttmp1, 1);
                if (nttmp1 == nt2) return i;
                nttmp2 = prng_successor(nttmp2, 1);


@@ -2177,27 +2236,32 @@ int32_t dist_nt(uint32_t nt1, uint32_t nt2) {
 // Cloning MiFare Classic Rail and Building Passes, Anywhere, Anytime"
 // (article by Nicolas T. Courtois, 2009)
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Cloning MiFare Classic Rail and Building Passes, Anywhere, Anytime"
 // (article by Nicolas T. Courtois, 2009)
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-void ReaderMifare(bool first_try) {
+void ReaderMifare(bool first_try)
+{
+       // Mifare AUTH
+       uint8_t mf_auth[]    = { 0x60,0x00,0xf5,0x7b };
+       uint8_t mf_nr_ar[]   = { 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 };
+       static uint8_t mf_nr_ar3;
+
+       uint8_t receivedAnswer[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE];
+       uint8_t receivedAnswerPar[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE];
+
+       if (first_try) { 
+               iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);
+       }
+       

        // free eventually allocated BigBuf memory. We want all for tracing.
        BigBuf_free();
        
        clear_trace();
        set_tracing(TRUE);
 
        // free eventually allocated BigBuf memory. We want all for tracing.
        BigBuf_free();
        
        clear_trace();
        set_tracing(TRUE);
 

-       // Mifare AUTH
-       uint8_t mf_auth[] = { 0x60,0x00,0xf5,0x7b };
-       uint8_t mf_nr_ar[8] = { 0x00 }; //{ 0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01 };
-       static uint8_t mf_nr_ar3 = 0;
-
-       uint8_t receivedAnswer[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE] = { 0x00 };
-       uint8_t receivedAnswerPar[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE] = { 0x00 };
-

        byte_t nt_diff = 0;
        uint8_t par[1] = {0};   // maximum 8 Bytes to be sent here, 1 byte parity is therefore enough
        static byte_t par_low = 0;
        bool led_on = TRUE;
        byte_t nt_diff = 0;
        uint8_t par[1] = {0};   // maximum 8 Bytes to be sent here, 1 byte parity is therefore enough
        static byte_t par_low = 0;
        bool led_on = TRUE;

-       uint8_t uid[10] = {0x00};
-       //uint32_t cuid = 0x00;
+       uint8_t uid[10]  ={0};
+       uint32_t cuid;

 
        uint32_t nt = 0;
        uint32_t previous_nt = 0;
 
        uint32_t nt = 0;
        uint32_t previous_nt = 0;


@@ -2205,22 +2269,20 @@ void ReaderMifare(bool first_try) {
        byte_t par_list[8] = {0x00};
        byte_t ks_list[8] = {0x00};
 
        byte_t par_list[8] = {0x00};
        byte_t ks_list[8] = {0x00};
 

+   #define PRNG_SEQUENCE_LENGTH  (1 << 16);

        static uint32_t sync_time = 0;
        static uint32_t sync_time = 0;

-       static uint32_t sync_cycles = 0;
+       static int32_t sync_cycles = 0;

        int catch_up_cycles = 0;
        int last_catch_up = 0;
        int catch_up_cycles = 0;
        int last_catch_up = 0;

+       uint16_t elapsed_prng_sequences;

        uint16_t consecutive_resyncs = 0;
        int isOK = 0;
 
        uint16_t consecutive_resyncs = 0;
        int isOK = 0;
 

-       int numWrongDistance = 0;
-       

        if (first_try) { 
                mf_nr_ar3 = 0;
        if (first_try) { 
                mf_nr_ar3 = 0;

-               iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);

                sync_time = GetCountSspClk() & 0xfffffff8;
                sync_time = GetCountSspClk() & 0xfffffff8;

-               sync_cycles = 65536;                                                                    // theory: Mifare Classic's random generator repeats every 2^16 cycles (and so do the nonces).
+               sync_cycles = PRNG_SEQUENCE_LENGTH; //65536;    //0x10000                       // theory: Mifare Classic's random generator repeats every 2^16 cycles (and so do the nonces).

                nt_attacked = 0;
                nt_attacked = 0;

-               nt = 0;

                par[0] = 0;
        }
        else {
                par[0] = 0;
        }
        else {


@@ -2233,36 +2295,85 @@ void ReaderMifare(bool first_try) {
        LED_A_ON();
        LED_B_OFF();
        LED_C_OFF();
        LED_A_ON();
        LED_B_OFF();
        LED_C_OFF();

-       LED_C_ON();     
+       
+
+       #define MAX_UNEXPECTED_RANDOM   4               // maximum number of unexpected (i.e. real) random numbers when trying to sync. Then give up.
+       #define MAX_SYNC_TRIES                  32
+       #define NUM_DEBUG_INFOS                 8               // per strategy
+       #define MAX_STRATEGY                    3
+       uint16_t unexpected_random = 0;
+       uint16_t sync_tries = 0;
+       int16_t debug_info_nr = -1;
+       uint16_t strategy = 0;
+       int32_t debug_info[MAX_STRATEGY][NUM_DEBUG_INFOS];
+       uint32_t select_time;
+       uint32_t halt_time;

   
        for(uint16_t i = 0; TRUE; i++) {
                
   
        for(uint16_t i = 0; TRUE; i++) {
                

+               LED_C_ON();

                WDT_HIT();
 
                // Test if the action was cancelled
                WDT_HIT();
 
                // Test if the action was cancelled

-               if(BUTTON_PRESS()) break;
-               
-               if (numWrongDistance > 1000) {
-                       isOK = 0;
+               if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
+                       isOK = -1;

                        break;
                }
                
                        break;
                }
                

-               //if(!iso14443a_select_card(uid, NULL, &cuid)) {
-               if(!iso14443a_select_card(uid, NULL, NULL)) {
+               if (strategy == 2) {
+                       // test with additional hlt command
+                       halt_time = 0;
+                       int len = mifare_sendcmd_short(NULL, false, 0x50, 0x00, receivedAnswer, receivedAnswerPar, &halt_time);
+                       if (len && MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) {
+                               Dbprintf("Unexpected response of %d bytes to hlt command (additional debugging).", len);
+                       }
+               }
+
+               if (strategy == 3) {
+                       // test with FPGA power off/on
+                       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
+                       SpinDelay(200);
+                       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);
+                       SpinDelay(100);
+               }
+               
+               if(!iso14443a_select_card(uid, NULL, &cuid, true, 0)) {

                        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   Dbprintf("Mifare: Can't select card");
                        continue;
                }
                        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   Dbprintf("Mifare: Can't select card");
                        continue;
                }

+               select_time = GetCountSspClk();

 
 

-               sync_time = (sync_time & 0xfffffff8) + sync_cycles + catch_up_cycles;
-               catch_up_cycles = 0;
+               elapsed_prng_sequences = 1;
+               if (debug_info_nr == -1) {
+                       sync_time = (sync_time & 0xfffffff8) + sync_cycles + catch_up_cycles;
+                       catch_up_cycles = 0;

 
 

-               // if we missed the sync time already, advance to the next nonce repeat
-               while(GetCountSspClk() > sync_time) {
-                       sync_time = (sync_time & 0xfffffff8) + sync_cycles;
-               }
+                       // if we missed the sync time already, advance to the next nonce repeat
+                       while(GetCountSspClk() > sync_time) {
+                               elapsed_prng_sequences++;
+                               sync_time = (sync_time & 0xfffffff8) + sync_cycles;
+                       }

 
 

-               // Transmit MIFARE_CLASSIC_AUTH at synctime. Should result in returning the same tag nonce (== nt_attacked) 
-               ReaderTransmit(mf_auth, sizeof(mf_auth), &sync_time);
+                       // Transmit MIFARE_CLASSIC_AUTH at synctime. Should result in returning the same tag nonce (== nt_attacked) 
+                       ReaderTransmit(mf_auth, sizeof(mf_auth), &sync_time);
+               } else {
+                       // collect some information on tag nonces for debugging:
+                       #define DEBUG_FIXED_SYNC_CYCLES PRNG_SEQUENCE_LENGTH
+                       if (strategy == 0) {
+                               // nonce distances at fixed time after card select:
+                               sync_time = select_time + DEBUG_FIXED_SYNC_CYCLES;
+                       } else if (strategy == 1) {
+                               // nonce distances at fixed time between authentications:
+                               sync_time = sync_time + DEBUG_FIXED_SYNC_CYCLES;
+                       } else if (strategy == 2) {
+                               // nonce distances at fixed time after halt:
+                               sync_time = halt_time + DEBUG_FIXED_SYNC_CYCLES;
+                       } else {
+                               // nonce_distances at fixed time after power on
+                               sync_time = DEBUG_FIXED_SYNC_CYCLES;
+                       }
+                       ReaderTransmit(mf_auth, sizeof(mf_auth), &sync_time);
+               }                       

 
                // Receive the (4 Byte) "random" nonce
                if (!ReaderReceive(receivedAnswer, receivedAnswerPar)) {
 
                // Receive the (4 Byte) "random" nonce
                if (!ReaderReceive(receivedAnswer, receivedAnswerPar)) {


@@ -2280,28 +2391,48 @@ void ReaderMifare(bool first_try) {
                        int nt_distance = dist_nt(previous_nt, nt);
                        if (nt_distance == 0) {
                                nt_attacked = nt;
                        int nt_distance = dist_nt(previous_nt, nt);
                        if (nt_distance == 0) {
                                nt_attacked = nt;

-                       }
-                       else {
-                               
-                               // invalid nonce received, try again
-                               if (nt_distance == -99999) { 
-                                       numWrongDistance++;
-                                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("The two nonces has invalid distance, tag could have good PRNG\n");
-                                       continue;
+                       } else {
+                               if (nt_distance == -99999) { // invalid nonce received
+                                       unexpected_random++;
+                                       if (unexpected_random > MAX_UNEXPECTED_RANDOM) {
+                                               isOK = -3;              // Card has an unpredictable PRNG. Give up      
+                                               break;
+                                       } else {
+                                               continue;               // continue trying...
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               if (++sync_tries > MAX_SYNC_TRIES) {
+                                       if (strategy > MAX_STRATEGY || MF_DBGLEVEL < 3) {
+                                               isOK = -4;                      // Card's PRNG runs at an unexpected frequency or resets unexpectedly
+                                               break;
+                                       } else {                                // continue for a while, just to collect some debug info
+                                               debug_info[strategy][debug_info_nr] = nt_distance;
+                                               debug_info_nr++;
+                                               if (debug_info_nr == NUM_DEBUG_INFOS) {
+                                                       strategy++;
+                                                       debug_info_nr = 0;
+                                               }
+                                               continue;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               sync_cycles = (sync_cycles - nt_distance/elapsed_prng_sequences);
+                               if (sync_cycles <= 0) {
+                                       sync_cycles += PRNG_SEQUENCE_LENGTH;
+                               }
+                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) {
+                                       Dbprintf("calibrating in cycle %d. nt_distance=%d, elapsed_prng_sequences=%d, new sync_cycles: %d\n", i, nt_distance, elapsed_prng_sequences, sync_cycles);

                                }
                                }

-                               
-                               sync_cycles = (sync_cycles - nt_distance);
-                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("calibrating in cycle %d. nt_distance=%d, Sync_cycles: %d\n", i, nt_distance, sync_cycles);

                                continue;
                        }
                }
 
                if ((nt != nt_attacked) && nt_attacked) {       // we somehow lost sync. Try to catch up again...
                        catch_up_cycles = -dist_nt(nt_attacked, nt);
                                continue;
                        }
                }
 
                if ((nt != nt_attacked) && nt_attacked) {       // we somehow lost sync. Try to catch up again...
                        catch_up_cycles = -dist_nt(nt_attacked, nt);

-                       if (catch_up_cycles >= 99999) {                 // invalid nonce received. Don't resync on that one.
+                       if (catch_up_cycles == 99999) {                 // invalid nonce received. Don't resync on that one.

                                catch_up_cycles = 0;
                                continue;
                        }
                                catch_up_cycles = 0;
                                continue;
                        }

+                       catch_up_cycles /= elapsed_prng_sequences;

                        if (catch_up_cycles == last_catch_up) {
                                consecutive_resyncs++;
                        }
                        if (catch_up_cycles == last_catch_up) {
                                consecutive_resyncs++;
                        }


@@ -2315,6 +2446,9 @@ void ReaderMifare(bool first_try) {
                        else {  
                                sync_cycles = sync_cycles + catch_up_cycles;
                                if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("Lost sync in cycle %d for the fourth time consecutively (nt_distance = %d). Adjusting sync_cycles to %d.\n", i, -catch_up_cycles, sync_cycles);
                        else {  
                                sync_cycles = sync_cycles + catch_up_cycles;
                                if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("Lost sync in cycle %d for the fourth time consecutively (nt_distance = %d). Adjusting sync_cycles to %d.\n", i, -catch_up_cycles, sync_cycles);

+                               last_catch_up = 0;
+                               catch_up_cycles = 0;
+                               consecutive_resyncs = 0;

                        }
                        continue;
                }
                        }
                        continue;
                }


@@ -2322,12 +2456,10 @@ void ReaderMifare(bool first_try) {
                consecutive_resyncs = 0;
                
                // Receive answer. This will be a 4 Bit NACK when the 8 parity bits are OK after decoding
                consecutive_resyncs = 0;
                
                // Receive answer. This will be a 4 Bit NACK when the 8 parity bits are OK after decoding

-               if (ReaderReceive(receivedAnswer, receivedAnswerPar))
-               {
+               if (ReaderReceive(receivedAnswer, receivedAnswerPar)) {

                        catch_up_cycles = 8;    // the PRNG is delayed by 8 cycles due to the NAC (4Bits = 0x05 encrypted) transfer
        
                        catch_up_cycles = 8;    // the PRNG is delayed by 8 cycles due to the NAC (4Bits = 0x05 encrypted) transfer
        

-                       if (nt_diff == 0)
-                       {
+                       if (nt_diff == 0) {

                                par_low = par[0] & 0xE0; // there is no need to check all parities for other nt_diff. Parity Bits for mf_nr_ar[0..2] won't change
                        }
 
                                par_low = par[0] & 0xE0; // there is no need to check all parities for other nt_diff. Parity Bits for mf_nr_ar[0..2] won't change
                        }
 


@@ -2350,16 +2482,30 @@ void ReaderMifare(bool first_try) {
                        if (nt_diff == 0 && first_try)
                        {
                                par[0]++;
                        if (nt_diff == 0 && first_try)
                        {
                                par[0]++;

+                               if (par[0] == 0x00) {           // tried all 256 possible parities without success. Card doesn't send NACK.
+                                       isOK = -2;
+                                       break;
+                               }

                        } else {
                                par[0] = ((par[0] & 0x1F) + 1) | par_low;
                        }
                }
        }
 
                        } else {
                                par[0] = ((par[0] & 0x1F) + 1) | par_low;
                        }
                }
        }
 

+

        mf_nr_ar[3] &= 0x1F;
        
        mf_nr_ar[3] &= 0x1F;
        

-       byte_t buf[28] = {0x00};
+       if (isOK == -4) {
+               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) {
+                       for (uint16_t i = 0; i <= MAX_STRATEGY; i++) {
+                               for(uint16_t j = 0; j < NUM_DEBUG_INFOS; j++) {
+                                       Dbprintf("collected debug info[%d][%d] = %d", i, j, debug_info[i][j]);
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }

        
        

+       byte_t buf[28];

        memcpy(buf + 0,  uid, 4);
        num_to_bytes(nt, 4, buf + 4);
        memcpy(buf + 8,  par_list, 8);
        memcpy(buf + 0,  uid, 4);
        num_to_bytes(nt, 4, buf + 4);
        memcpy(buf + 8,  par_list, 8);


@@ -2368,13 +2514,14 @@ void ReaderMifare(bool first_try) {
                
        cmd_send(CMD_ACK,isOK,0,0,buf,28);
 
                
        cmd_send(CMD_ACK,isOK,0,0,buf,28);
 

-       set_tracing(FALSE);
+       // Thats it...

        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
        LEDsoff();
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
        LEDsoff();

-}

 
 

+       set_tracing(FALSE);
+}

 
 

- /*
+/**

   *MIFARE 1K simulate.
   *
   *@param flags :
   *MIFARE 1K simulate.
   *
   *@param flags :


@@ -2414,8 +2561,8 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
        uint8_t rATQA[] = {0x04, 0x00}; // Mifare classic 1k 4BUID
        uint8_t rUIDBCC1[] = {0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xaf, 0x62};
        uint8_t rUIDBCC2[] = {0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xaf, 0x62}; // !!!
        uint8_t rATQA[] = {0x04, 0x00}; // Mifare classic 1k 4BUID
        uint8_t rUIDBCC1[] = {0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xaf, 0x62};
        uint8_t rUIDBCC2[] = {0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xaf, 0x62}; // !!!

-       //uint8_t rSAK[] = {0x08, 0xb6, 0xdd}; // Mifare Classic
-       uint8_t rSAK[] = {0x09, 0x3f, 0xcc };  // Mifare Mini 
+       uint8_t rSAK[] = {0x08, 0xb6, 0xdd}; // Mifare Classic
+       //uint8_t rSAK[] = {0x09, 0x3f, 0xcc };  // Mifare Mini 

        uint8_t rSAK1[] = {0x04, 0xda, 0x17};
 
        uint8_t rAUTH_NT[] = {0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01};
        uint8_t rSAK1[] = {0x04, 0xda, 0x17};
 
        uint8_t rAUTH_NT[] = {0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01};


@@ -2427,13 +2574,6 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
        uint32_t ar_nr_responses[] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
        uint8_t ar_nr_collected = 0;
 
        uint32_t ar_nr_responses[] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
        uint8_t ar_nr_collected = 0;
 

-       // free eventually allocated BigBuf memory but keep Emulator Memory
-       BigBuf_free_keep_EM();
-
-       // clear trace
-       clear_trace();
-       set_tracing(TRUE);
-

        // Authenticate response - nonce
        uint32_t nonce = bytes_to_num(rAUTH_NT, 4);
        
        // Authenticate response - nonce
        uint32_t nonce = bytes_to_num(rAUTH_NT, 4);
        


@@ -2480,10 +2620,6 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
                rUIDBCC2[4] = rUIDBCC2[0] ^ rUIDBCC2[1] ^ rUIDBCC2[2] ^ rUIDBCC2[3];
        }
 
                rUIDBCC2[4] = rUIDBCC2[0] ^ rUIDBCC2[1] ^ rUIDBCC2[2] ^ rUIDBCC2[3];
        }
 

-       // We need to listen to the high-frequency, peak-detected path.
-       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);
-
-

        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   {
                if (!_7BUID) {
                        Dbprintf("4B UID: %02x%02x%02x%02x", 
        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   {
                if (!_7BUID) {
                        Dbprintf("4B UID: %02x%02x%02x%02x", 


@@ -2495,6 +2631,17 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
                }
        }
 
                }
        }
 

+       // We need to listen to the high-frequency, peak-detected path.
+       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);
+
+       // free eventually allocated BigBuf memory but keep Emulator Memory
+       BigBuf_free_keep_EM();
+
+       // clear trace
+       clear_trace();
+       set_tracing(TRUE);
+
+

        bool finished = FALSE;
        while (!BUTTON_PRESS() && !finished) {
                WDT_HIT();
        bool finished = FALSE;
        while (!BUTTON_PRESS() && !finished) {
                WDT_HIT();


@@ -2880,6 +3027,16 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
                                        ar_nr_responses[8], // AR2
                                        ar_nr_responses[9]  // NR2
                                        );
                                        ar_nr_responses[8], // AR2
                                        ar_nr_responses[9]  // NR2
                                        );

+                       Dbprintf("../tools/mfkey/mfkey32v2 %06x%08x %08x %08x %08x %08x %08x %08x",
+                                       ar_nr_responses[0], // UID1
+                                       ar_nr_responses[1], // UID2
+                                       ar_nr_responses[2], // NT1
+                                       ar_nr_responses[3], // AR1
+                                       ar_nr_responses[4], // NR1
+                                       ar_nr_responses[7], // NT2
+                                       ar_nr_responses[8], // AR2
+                                       ar_nr_responses[9]  // NR2
+                                       );

                } else {
                        Dbprintf("Failed to obtain two AR/NR pairs!");
                        if(ar_nr_collected > 0 ) {
                } else {
                        Dbprintf("Failed to obtain two AR/NR pairs!");
                        if(ar_nr_collected > 0 ) {


@@ -2894,6 +3051,8 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
                }
        }
        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   Dbprintf("Emulator stopped. Tracing: %d  trace length: %d ", tracing, BigBuf_get_traceLen());
                }
        }
        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   Dbprintf("Emulator stopped. Tracing: %d  trace length: %d ", tracing, BigBuf_get_traceLen());

+       
+       set_tracing(FALSE);

 }
 
 
 }
 
 


@@ -2906,9 +3065,6 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffMifare(uint8_t param) {
        // bit 0 - trigger from first card answer
        // bit 1 - trigger from first reader 7-bit request
 
        // bit 0 - trigger from first card answer
        // bit 1 - trigger from first reader 7-bit request
 

-       // free eventually allocated BigBuf memory
-       BigBuf_free();
-       

        // C(red) A(yellow) B(green)
        LEDsoff();
        // init trace buffer
        // C(red) A(yellow) B(green)
        LEDsoff();
        // init trace buffer


@@ -2924,6 +3080,10 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffMifare(uint8_t param) {
        uint8_t receivedResponse[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE];
        uint8_t receivedResponsePar[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE];
 
        uint8_t receivedResponse[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE];
        uint8_t receivedResponsePar[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE];
 

+       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_SNIFFER);
+
+       // free eventually allocated BigBuf memory
+       BigBuf_free();

        // allocate the DMA buffer, used to stream samples from the FPGA
        uint8_t *dmaBuf = BigBuf_malloc(DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
        uint8_t *data = dmaBuf;
        // allocate the DMA buffer, used to stream samples from the FPGA
        uint8_t *dmaBuf = BigBuf_malloc(DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
        uint8_t *data = dmaBuf;


@@ -2933,8 +3093,6 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffMifare(uint8_t param) {
        bool ReaderIsActive = FALSE;
        bool TagIsActive = FALSE;
 
        bool ReaderIsActive = FALSE;
        bool TagIsActive = FALSE;
 

-       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_SNIFFER);
-

        // Set up the demodulator for tag -> reader responses.
        DemodInit(receivedResponse, receivedResponsePar);
 
        // Set up the demodulator for tag -> reader responses.
        DemodInit(receivedResponse, receivedResponsePar);
 


@@ -3014,7 +3172,6 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffMifare(uint8_t param) {
                                        if (MfSniffLogic(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.parity, Uart.bitCount, TRUE)) break;
 
                                        /* And ready to receive another command. */
                                        if (MfSniffLogic(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.parity, Uart.bitCount, TRUE)) break;
 
                                        /* And ready to receive another command. */

-                                       //UartInit(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar);

                                        UartReset();
                                        
                                        /* And also reset the demod code */
                                        UartReset();
                                        
                                        /* And also reset the demod code */


@@ -3035,6 +3192,7 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffMifare(uint8_t param) {
 
                                        // And reset the Miller decoder including its (now outdated) input buffer
                                        UartInit(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar);
 
                                        // And reset the Miller decoder including its (now outdated) input buffer
                                        UartInit(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar);

+                                       // why not UartReset?

                                }
                                TagIsActive = (Demod.state != DEMOD_UNSYNCD);
                        }
                                }
                                TagIsActive = (Demod.state != DEMOD_UNSYNCD);
                        }


@@ -3049,11 +3207,9 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffMifare(uint8_t param) {
 
        } // main cycle
 
 
        } // main cycle
 

-       DbpString("COMMAND FINISHED");
-

        FpgaDisableSscDma();
        MfSniffEnd();
        FpgaDisableSscDma();
        MfSniffEnd();

-       
-       Dbprintf("maxDataLen=%x, Uart.state=%x, Uart.len=%x", maxDataLen, Uart.state, Uart.len);

        LEDsoff();
        LEDsoff();

+       Dbprintf("maxDataLen=%x, Uart.state=%x, Uart.len=%x", maxDataLen, Uart.state, Uart.len);
+       set_tracing(FALSE);

 }
 }