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FIX: since the correctionNeeded logic changed, with PR #87 (https://github.com...
[proxmark3-svn] / armsrc / iso14443a.c
diff --git a/armsrc/iso14443a.c b/armsrc/iso14443a.c
index fcd51d63e0946b7e8e35ee53a531f69a0d834bf7..f86b816fe049a0efc81a1334fe322aabba758e96 100644 (file)
--- a/armsrc/iso14443a.c
+++ b/armsrc/iso14443a.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Merlok - June 2011, 2012
 // Gerhard de Koning Gans - May 2008
 // Hagen Fritsch - June 2010
 // Merlok - June 2011, 2012
 // Gerhard de Koning Gans - May 2008
 // Hagen Fritsch - June 2010
@@ -9,26 +9,16 @@
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Routines to support ISO 14443 type A.
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Routines to support ISO 14443 type A.
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-#include "../include/proxmark3.h"
-#include "apps.h"
-#include "util.h"
-#include "string.h"
-#include "../common/cmd.h"
-#include "../common/iso14443crc.h"
 #include "iso14443a.h"
 #include "iso14443a.h"
-#include "crapto1.h"
-#include "mifareutil.h"
 
 static uint32_t iso14a_timeout;
 
 static uint32_t iso14a_timeout;
-uint8_t *trace = (uint8_t *) BigBuf+TRACE_OFFSET;
 int rsamples = 0;
 int rsamples = 0;
-int traceLen = 0;
-int tracing = TRUE;
 uint8_t trigger = 0;
 // the block number for the ISO14443-4 PCB
 static uint8_t iso14_pcb_blocknum = 0;
 
 uint8_t trigger = 0;
 // the block number for the ISO14443-4 PCB
 static uint8_t iso14_pcb_blocknum = 0;
 
+static uint8_t* free_buffer_pointer;
+
 //
 // ISO14443 timing:
 //
 //
 // ISO14443 timing:
 //
@@ -103,11 +93,9 @@ uint16_t FpgaSendQueueDelay;
 
 //variables used for timing purposes:
 //these are in ssp_clk cycles:
 
 //variables used for timing purposes:
 //these are in ssp_clk cycles:
-uint32_t NextTransferTime;
-uint32_t LastTimeProxToAirStart;
-uint32_t LastProxToAirDuration;
-
-
+static uint32_t NextTransferTime;
+static uint32_t LastTimeProxToAirStart;
+static uint32_t LastProxToAirDuration;
 
 // CARD TO READER - manchester
 // Sequence D: 11110000 modulation with subcarrier during first half
 
 // CARD TO READER - manchester
 // Sequence D: 11110000 modulation with subcarrier during first half
@@ -124,104 +112,66 @@ uint32_t LastProxToAirDuration;
 #define        SEC_Y 0x00
 #define        SEC_Z 0xc0
 
 #define        SEC_Y 0x00
 #define        SEC_Z 0xc0
 
-//replaced large parity table with small parity generation function - saves flash code
-/*
-const uint8_t OddByteParity[256] = {
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
-  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1
-};
-*/
-
 void iso14a_set_trigger(bool enable) {
        trigger = enable;
 }
 
 void iso14a_set_trigger(bool enable) {
        trigger = enable;
 }
 
-void iso14a_clear_trace() {
-       memset(trace, 0x44, TRACE_SIZE);
-       traceLen = 0;
+void iso14a_set_timeout(uint32_t timeout) {
+       iso14a_timeout = timeout;
+       if(MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("ISO14443A Timeout set to %ld (%dms)", iso14a_timeout, iso14a_timeout / 106);
 }
 
 }
 
-void iso14a_set_tracing(bool enable) {
-       tracing = enable;
-}
+void iso14a_set_ATS_timeout(uint8_t *ats) {
+       uint8_t tb1;
+       uint8_t fwi; 
+       uint32_t fwt;
+       
+       if (ats[0] > 1) {                                                       // there is a format byte T0
+               if ((ats[1] & 0x20) == 0x20) {                  // there is an interface byte TB(1)
 
 
-void iso14a_set_timeout(uint32_t timeout) {
-       iso14a_timeout = timeout;
+                       if ((ats[1] & 0x10) == 0x10)            // there is an interface byte TA(1) preceding TB(1)
+                               tb1 = ats[3];
+                       else
+                               tb1 = ats[2];
+
+                       fwi = (tb1 & 0xf0) >> 4;                        // frame waiting indicator (FWI)
+                       fwt = 256 * 16 * (1 << fwi);            // frame waiting time (FWT) in 1/fc
+                       //fwt = 4096 * (1 << fwi);
+                       
+                       iso14a_set_timeout(fwt/(8*16));
+                       //iso14a_set_timeout(fwt/128);
+               }
+       }
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Generate the parity value for a byte sequence
 //
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Generate the parity value for a byte sequence
 //
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-/*
-byte_t oddparity (const byte_t bt)
-{
-       return OddByteParity[bt];
-}
-*/
-
-uint32_t GetParity(const uint8_t * pbtCmd, int iLen)
-{
-       int i;
-       uint32_t dwPar = 0;
-
-       // Generate the parity bits
-       for (i = 0; i < iLen; i++) {
-               // and save them to a 32Bit word
-               //dwPar |= ((OddByteParity[pbtCmd[i]]) << i);
-               dwPar |= (oddparity(pbtCmd[i]) << i);
+void GetParity(const uint8_t *pbtCmd, uint16_t iLen, uint8_t *par) {
+       uint16_t paritybit_cnt = 0;
+       uint16_t paritybyte_cnt = 0;
+       uint8_t parityBits = 0;
+
+       for (uint16_t i = 0; i < iLen; i++) {
+               // Generate the parity bits
+               parityBits |= ((oddparity8(pbtCmd[i])) << (7-paritybit_cnt));
+               if (paritybit_cnt == 7) {
+                       par[paritybyte_cnt] = parityBits;       // save 8 Bits parity
+                       parityBits = 0;                                         // and advance to next Parity Byte
+                       paritybyte_cnt++;
+                       paritybit_cnt = 0;
+               } else {
+                       paritybit_cnt++;
+               }
        }
        }
-       return dwPar;
-}
 
 
-void AppendCrc14443a(uint8_t* data, int len)
-{
-       ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A,data,len,data+len,data+len+1);
+       // save remaining parity bits
+       par[paritybyte_cnt] = parityBits;       
 }
 
 }
 
-// The function LogTrace() is also used by the iClass implementation in iClass.c
-bool RAMFUNC LogTrace(const uint8_t * btBytes, uint8_t iLen, uint32_t timestamp, uint32_t dwParity, bool readerToTag)
-{
-       if (!tracing) return FALSE;
-       // Return when trace is full
-       if (traceLen + sizeof(timestamp) + sizeof(dwParity) + iLen >= TRACE_SIZE) {
-               tracing = FALSE;        // don't trace any more
-               return FALSE;
-       }
-       
-       // Trace the random, i'm curious
-       trace[traceLen++] = ((timestamp >> 0) & 0xff);
-       trace[traceLen++] = ((timestamp >> 8) & 0xff);
-       trace[traceLen++] = ((timestamp >> 16) & 0xff);
-       trace[traceLen++] = ((timestamp >> 24) & 0xff);
-
-       if (!readerToTag) {
-               trace[traceLen - 1] |= 0x80;
-       }
-       trace[traceLen++] = ((dwParity >> 0) & 0xff);
-       trace[traceLen++] = ((dwParity >> 8) & 0xff);
-       trace[traceLen++] = ((dwParity >> 16) & 0xff);
-       trace[traceLen++] = ((dwParity >> 24) & 0xff);
-       trace[traceLen++] = iLen;
-       if (btBytes != NULL && iLen != 0) {
-               memcpy(trace + traceLen, btBytes, iLen);
-       }
-       traceLen += iLen;
-       return TRUE;
+void AppendCrc14443a(uint8_t* data, int len) {
+       ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A,data,len,data+len,data+len+1);
 }
 
 //=============================================================================
 }
 
 //=============================================================================
@@ -243,70 +193,82 @@ bool RAMFUNC LogTrace(const uint8_t * btBytes, uint8_t iLen, uint32_t timestamp,
 static tUart Uart;
 
 // Lookup-Table to decide if 4 raw bits are a modulation.
 static tUart Uart;
 
 // Lookup-Table to decide if 4 raw bits are a modulation.
-// We accept two or three consecutive "0" in any position with the rest "1"
+// We accept the following:
+// 0001  -   a 3 tick wide pause
+// 0011  -   a 2 tick wide pause, or a three tick wide pause shifted left
+// 0111  -   a 2 tick wide pause shifted left
+// 1001  -   a 2 tick wide pause shifted right
 const bool Mod_Miller_LUT[] = {
 const bool Mod_Miller_LUT[] = {
-       TRUE,  TRUE,  FALSE, TRUE,  FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE,
-       TRUE,  TRUE,  FALSE, FALSE, TRUE,  FALSE, FALSE, FALSE
+       FALSE,  TRUE, FALSE, TRUE,  FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE,
+       FALSE,  TRUE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE
 };
 };
-#define IsMillerModulationNibble1(b) (Mod_Miller_LUT[(b & 0x00F0) >> 4])
-#define IsMillerModulationNibble2(b) (Mod_Miller_LUT[(b & 0x000F)])
+#define IsMillerModulationNibble1(b) (Mod_Miller_LUT[(b & 0x000000F0) >> 4])
+#define IsMillerModulationNibble2(b) (Mod_Miller_LUT[(b & 0x0000000F)])
 
 
-void UartReset()
-{
+void UartReset() {
        Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
        Uart.bitCount = 0;
        Uart.len = 0;                                           // number of decoded data bytes
        Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
        Uart.bitCount = 0;
        Uart.len = 0;                                           // number of decoded data bytes
+       Uart.parityLen = 0;                                     // number of decoded parity bytes
        Uart.shiftReg = 0;                                      // shiftreg to hold decoded data bits
        Uart.shiftReg = 0;                                      // shiftreg to hold decoded data bits
-       Uart.parityBits = 0;                            // 
-       Uart.twoBits = 0x0000;                          // buffer for 2 Bits
-       Uart.highCnt = 0;
+       Uart.parityBits = 0;                            // holds 8 parity bits
        Uart.startTime = 0;
        Uart.endTime = 0;
        Uart.startTime = 0;
        Uart.endTime = 0;
+       
+       Uart.byteCntMax = 0;
+       Uart.posCnt = 0;
+       Uart.syncBit = 9999;
 }
 
 }
 
+void UartInit(uint8_t *data, uint8_t *parity) {
+       Uart.output = data;
+       Uart.parity = parity;
+       Uart.fourBits = 0x00000000;                     // clear the buffer for 4 Bits
+       UartReset();
+}
 
 // use parameter non_real_time to provide a timestamp. Set to 0 if the decoder should measure real time
 
 // use parameter non_real_time to provide a timestamp. Set to 0 if the decoder should measure real time
-static RAMFUNC bool MillerDecoding(uint8_t bit, uint32_t non_real_time)
-{
-
-       Uart.twoBits = (Uart.twoBits << 8) | bit;
+static RAMFUNC bool MillerDecoding(uint8_t bit, uint32_t non_real_time) {
+       Uart.fourBits = (Uart.fourBits << 8) | bit;
        
        
-       if (Uart.state == STATE_UNSYNCD) {                                                                                              // not yet synced
-               if (Uart.highCnt < 7) {                                                                                                 // wait for a stable unmodulated signal
-                       if (Uart.twoBits == 0xffff) {
-                               Uart.highCnt++;
-                       } else {
-                               Uart.highCnt = 0;
-                       }
-               } else {        
-                       Uart.syncBit = 0xFFFF; // not set
-                       // look for 00xx1111 (the start bit)
-                       if              ((Uart.twoBits & 0x6780) == 0x0780) Uart.syncBit = 7; 
-                       else if ((Uart.twoBits & 0x33C0) == 0x03C0) Uart.syncBit = 6;
-                       else if ((Uart.twoBits & 0x19E0) == 0x01E0) Uart.syncBit = 5;
-                       else if ((Uart.twoBits & 0x0CF0) == 0x00F0) Uart.syncBit = 4;
-                       else if ((Uart.twoBits & 0x0678) == 0x0078) Uart.syncBit = 3;
-                       else if ((Uart.twoBits & 0x033C) == 0x003C) Uart.syncBit = 2;
-                       else if ((Uart.twoBits & 0x019E) == 0x001E) Uart.syncBit = 1;
-                       else if ((Uart.twoBits & 0x00CF) == 0x000F) Uart.syncBit = 0;
-                       if (Uart.syncBit != 0xFFFF) {
-                               Uart.startTime = non_real_time?non_real_time:(GetCountSspClk() & 0xfffffff8);
-                               Uart.startTime -= Uart.syncBit;
-                               Uart.endTime = Uart.startTime;
-                               Uart.state = STATE_START_OF_COMMUNICATION;
-                       }
+       if (Uart.state == STATE_UNSYNCD) {                                                                                      // not yet synced
+                       Uart.syncBit = 9999;                                                                                            // not set
+               
+               // 00x11111 2|3 ticks pause followed by 6|5 ticks unmodulated           Sequence Z (a "0" or "start of communication")
+               // 11111111 8 ticks unmodulation                                                                        Sequence Y (a "0" or "end of communication" or "no information")
+               // 111100x1 4 ticks unmodulated followed by 2|3 ticks pause                     Sequence X (a "1")
+
+               // The start bit is one ore more Sequence Y followed by a Sequence Z (... 11111111 00x11111). We need to distinguish from
+               // Sequence X followed by Sequence Y followed by Sequence Z     (111100x1 11111111 00x11111)
+               // we therefore look for a ...xx1111 11111111 00x11111xxxxxx... pattern 
+               // (12 '1's followed by 2 '0's, eventually followed by another '0', followed by 5 '1's)
+               //
+#define ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK                0x07FFEF80              // mask is    00001111 11111111 1110 1111 10000000
+#define ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN     0x07FF8F80              // pattern is 00001111 11111111 1000 1111 10000000
+
+               if              ((Uart.fourBits & (ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK >> 0)) == ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN >> 0) Uart.syncBit = 7;
+               else if ((Uart.fourBits & (ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK >> 1)) == ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN >> 1) Uart.syncBit = 6;
+               else if ((Uart.fourBits & (ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK >> 2)) == ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN >> 2) Uart.syncBit = 5;
+               else if ((Uart.fourBits & (ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK >> 3)) == ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN >> 3) Uart.syncBit = 4;
+               else if ((Uart.fourBits & (ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK >> 4)) == ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN >> 4) Uart.syncBit = 3;
+               else if ((Uart.fourBits & (ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK >> 5)) == ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN >> 5) Uart.syncBit = 2;
+               else if ((Uart.fourBits & (ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK >> 6)) == ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN >> 6) Uart.syncBit = 1;
+               else if ((Uart.fourBits & (ISO14443A_STARTBIT_MASK >> 7)) == ISO14443A_STARTBIT_PATTERN >> 7) Uart.syncBit = 0;
+
+               if (Uart.syncBit != 9999) {                                                                                             // found a sync bit
+                       Uart.startTime = non_real_time ? non_real_time : (GetCountSspClk() & 0xfffffff8);
+                       Uart.startTime -= Uart.syncBit;
+                       Uart.endTime = Uart.startTime;
+                       Uart.state = STATE_START_OF_COMMUNICATION;
                }
                }
-
        } else {
 
        } else {
 
-               if (IsMillerModulationNibble1(Uart.twoBits >> Uart.syncBit)) {                  
-                       if (IsMillerModulationNibble2(Uart.twoBits >> Uart.syncBit)) {          // Modulation in both halves - error
+               if (IsMillerModulationNibble1(Uart.fourBits >> Uart.syncBit)) {                 
+                       if (IsMillerModulationNibble2(Uart.fourBits >> Uart.syncBit)) {         // Modulation in both halves - error
                                UartReset();
                                UartReset();
-                               Uart.highCnt = 6;
                        } else {                                                                                                                        // Modulation in first half = Sequence Z = logic "0"
                                if (Uart.state == STATE_MILLER_X) {                                                             // error - must not follow after X
                                        UartReset();
                        } else {                                                                                                                        // Modulation in first half = Sequence Z = logic "0"
                                if (Uart.state == STATE_MILLER_X) {                                                             // error - must not follow after X
                                        UartReset();
-                                       Uart.highCnt = 6;
                                } else {
                                        Uart.bitCount++;
                                        Uart.shiftReg = (Uart.shiftReg >> 1);                                           // add a 0 to the shiftreg
                                } else {
                                        Uart.bitCount++;
                                        Uart.shiftReg = (Uart.shiftReg >> 1);                                           // add a 0 to the shiftreg
@@ -318,11 +280,15 @@ static RAMFUNC bool MillerDecoding(uint8_t bit, uint32_t non_real_time)
                                                Uart.parityBits |= ((Uart.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01);               // store parity bit
                                                Uart.bitCount = 0;
                                                Uart.shiftReg = 0;
                                                Uart.parityBits |= ((Uart.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01);               // store parity bit
                                                Uart.bitCount = 0;
                                                Uart.shiftReg = 0;
+                                               if((Uart.len&0x0007) == 0) {                                                    // every 8 data bytes
+                                                       Uart.parity[Uart.parityLen++] = Uart.parityBits;        // store 8 parity bits
+                                                       Uart.parityBits = 0;
+                                               }
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                } else {
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                } else {
-                       if (IsMillerModulationNibble2(Uart.twoBits >> Uart.syncBit)) {          // Modulation second half = Sequence X = logic "1"
+                       if (IsMillerModulationNibble2(Uart.fourBits >> Uart.syncBit)) {         // Modulation second half = Sequence X = logic "1"
                                Uart.bitCount++;
                                Uart.shiftReg = (Uart.shiftReg >> 1) | 0x100;                                   // add a 1 to the shiftreg
                                Uart.state = STATE_MILLER_X;
                                Uart.bitCount++;
                                Uart.shiftReg = (Uart.shiftReg >> 1) | 0x100;                                   // add a 1 to the shiftreg
                                Uart.state = STATE_MILLER_X;
@@ -333,21 +299,35 @@ static RAMFUNC bool MillerDecoding(uint8_t bit, uint32_t non_real_time)
                                        Uart.parityBits |= ((Uart.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01);                       // store parity bit
                                        Uart.bitCount = 0;
                                        Uart.shiftReg = 0;
                                        Uart.parityBits |= ((Uart.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01);                       // store parity bit
                                        Uart.bitCount = 0;
                                        Uart.shiftReg = 0;
+                                       if ((Uart.len&0x0007) == 0) {                                                           // every 8 data bytes
+                                               Uart.parity[Uart.parityLen++] = Uart.parityBits;                // store 8 parity bits
+                                               Uart.parityBits = 0;
+                                       }
                                }
                        } else {                                                                                                                        // no modulation in both halves - Sequence Y
                                if (Uart.state == STATE_MILLER_Z || Uart.state == STATE_MILLER_Y) {     // Y after logic "0" - End of Communication
                                        Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
                                }
                        } else {                                                                                                                        // no modulation in both halves - Sequence Y
                                if (Uart.state == STATE_MILLER_Z || Uart.state == STATE_MILLER_Y) {     // Y after logic "0" - End of Communication
                                        Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
-                                       if(Uart.len == 0 && Uart.bitCount > 0) {                                                                                // if we decoded some bits
-                                               Uart.shiftReg >>= (9 - Uart.bitCount);                                  // add them to the output
-                                               Uart.output[Uart.len++] = (Uart.shiftReg & 0xff);
-                                               Uart.parityBits <<= 1;                                                                  // no parity bit - add "0"
-                                               Uart.bitCount--;                                                                                // last "0" was part of the EOC sequence
+                                       Uart.bitCount--;                                                                                        // last "0" was part of EOC sequence
+                                       Uart.shiftReg <<= 1;                                                                            // drop it
+                                       if(Uart.bitCount > 0) {                                                                         // if we decoded some bits
+                                               Uart.shiftReg >>= (9 - Uart.bitCount);                                  // right align them
+                                               Uart.output[Uart.len++] = (Uart.shiftReg & 0xff);               // add last byte to the output
+                                               Uart.parityBits <<= 1;                                                                  // add a (void) parity bit
+                                               Uart.parityBits <<= (8 - (Uart.len&0x0007));                    // left align parity bits
+                                               Uart.parity[Uart.parityLen++] = Uart.parityBits;                // and store it
+                                               return TRUE;
+                                       } else if (Uart.len & 0x0007) {                                                         // there are some parity bits to store
+                                               Uart.parityBits <<= (8 - (Uart.len&0x0007));                    // left align remaining parity bits
+                                               Uart.parity[Uart.parityLen++] = Uart.parityBits;                // and store them
+                                       }
+                                       if (Uart.len) {
+                                               return TRUE;                                                                                    // we are finished with decoding the raw data sequence
+                                       } else {
+                                               UartReset();                                                                                    // Nothing received - start over
                                        }
                                        }
-                                       return TRUE;
                                }
                                if (Uart.state == STATE_START_OF_COMMUNICATION) {                               // error - must not follow directly after SOC
                                        UartReset();
                                }
                                if (Uart.state == STATE_START_OF_COMMUNICATION) {                               // error - must not follow directly after SOC
                                        UartReset();
-                                       Uart.highCnt = 6;
                                } else {                                                                                                                // a logic "0"
                                        Uart.bitCount++;
                                        Uart.shiftReg = (Uart.shiftReg >> 1);                                           // add a 0 to the shiftreg
                                } else {                                                                                                                // a logic "0"
                                        Uart.bitCount++;
                                        Uart.shiftReg = (Uart.shiftReg >> 1);                                           // add a 0 to the shiftreg
@@ -358,18 +338,18 @@ static RAMFUNC bool MillerDecoding(uint8_t bit, uint32_t non_real_time)
                                                Uart.parityBits |= ((Uart.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01);               // store parity bit
                                                Uart.bitCount = 0;
                                                Uart.shiftReg = 0;
                                                Uart.parityBits |= ((Uart.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01);               // store parity bit
                                                Uart.bitCount = 0;
                                                Uart.shiftReg = 0;
+                                               if ((Uart.len&0x0007) == 0) {                                                   // every 8 data bytes
+                                                       Uart.parity[Uart.parityLen++] = Uart.parityBits;        // store 8 parity bits
+                                                       Uart.parityBits = 0;
+                                               }
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                }
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                }
-                       
        } 
        } 
-
     return FALSE;      // not finished yet, need more data
 }
 
     return FALSE;      // not finished yet, need more data
 }
 
-
-
 //=============================================================================
 // ISO 14443 Type A - Manchester decoder
 //=============================================================================
 //=============================================================================
 // ISO 14443 Type A - Manchester decoder
 //=============================================================================
@@ -397,24 +377,30 @@ const bool Mod_Manchester_LUT[] = {
 #define IsManchesterModulationNibble1(b) (Mod_Manchester_LUT[(b & 0x00F0) >> 4])
 #define IsManchesterModulationNibble2(b) (Mod_Manchester_LUT[(b & 0x000F)])
 
 #define IsManchesterModulationNibble1(b) (Mod_Manchester_LUT[(b & 0x00F0) >> 4])
 #define IsManchesterModulationNibble2(b) (Mod_Manchester_LUT[(b & 0x000F)])
 
-
-void DemodReset()
-{
+void DemodReset() {
        Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
        Demod.len = 0;                                          // number of decoded data bytes
        Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
        Demod.len = 0;                                          // number of decoded data bytes
+       Demod.parityLen = 0;
        Demod.shiftReg = 0;                                     // shiftreg to hold decoded data bits
        Demod.parityBits = 0;                           // 
        Demod.collisionPos = 0;                         // Position of collision bit
        Demod.twoBits = 0xffff;                         // buffer for 2 Bits
        Demod.highCnt = 0;
        Demod.startTime = 0;
        Demod.shiftReg = 0;                                     // shiftreg to hold decoded data bits
        Demod.parityBits = 0;                           // 
        Demod.collisionPos = 0;                         // Position of collision bit
        Demod.twoBits = 0xffff;                         // buffer for 2 Bits
        Demod.highCnt = 0;
        Demod.startTime = 0;
-       Demod.endTime = 0;
+       Demod.endTime = 0;      
+       Demod.bitCount = 0;
+       Demod.syncBit = 0xFFFF;
+       Demod.samples = 0;
 }
 
 }
 
-// use parameter non_real_time to provide a timestamp. Set to 0 if the decoder should measure real time
-static RAMFUNC int ManchesterDecoding(uint8_t bit, uint16_t offset, uint32_t non_real_time)
-{
+void DemodInit(uint8_t *data, uint8_t *parity) {
+       Demod.output = data;
+       Demod.parity = parity;
+       DemodReset();
+}
 
 
+// use parameter non_real_time to provide a timestamp. Set to 0 if the decoder should measure real time
+static RAMFUNC int ManchesterDecoding(uint8_t bit, uint16_t offset, uint32_t non_real_time) {
        Demod.twoBits = (Demod.twoBits << 8) | bit;
        
        if (Demod.state == DEMOD_UNSYNCD) {
        Demod.twoBits = (Demod.twoBits << 8) | bit;
        
        if (Demod.state == DEMOD_UNSYNCD) {
@@ -442,7 +428,6 @@ static RAMFUNC int ManchesterDecoding(uint8_t bit, uint16_t offset, uint32_t non
                                Demod.state = DEMOD_MANCHESTER_DATA;
                        }
                }
                                Demod.state = DEMOD_MANCHESTER_DATA;
                        }
                }
-
        } else {
 
                if (IsManchesterModulationNibble1(Demod.twoBits >> Demod.syncBit)) {            // modulation in first half
        } else {
 
                if (IsManchesterModulationNibble1(Demod.twoBits >> Demod.syncBit)) {            // modulation in first half
@@ -459,6 +444,10 @@ static RAMFUNC int ManchesterDecoding(uint8_t bit, uint16_t offset, uint32_t non
                                Demod.parityBits |= ((Demod.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01);     // store parity bit
                                Demod.bitCount = 0;
                                Demod.shiftReg = 0;
                                Demod.parityBits |= ((Demod.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01);     // store parity bit
                                Demod.bitCount = 0;
                                Demod.shiftReg = 0;
+                               if((Demod.len&0x0007) == 0) {                                                   // every 8 data bytes
+                                       Demod.parity[Demod.parityLen++] = Demod.parityBits;     // store 8 parity bits
+                                       Demod.parityBits = 0;
+                               }
                        }
                        Demod.endTime = Demod.startTime + 8*(9*Demod.len + Demod.bitCount + 1) - 4;
                } else {                                                                                                                // no modulation in first half
                        }
                        Demod.endTime = Demod.startTime + 8*(9*Demod.len + Demod.bitCount + 1) - 4;
                } else {                                                                                                                // no modulation in first half
@@ -471,25 +460,32 @@ static RAMFUNC int ManchesterDecoding(uint8_t bit, uint16_t offset, uint32_t non
                                        Demod.parityBits |= ((Demod.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01); // store parity bit
                                        Demod.bitCount = 0;
                                        Demod.shiftReg = 0;
                                        Demod.parityBits |= ((Demod.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01); // store parity bit
                                        Demod.bitCount = 0;
                                        Demod.shiftReg = 0;
+                                       if ((Demod.len&0x0007) == 0) {                                          // every 8 data bytes
+                                               Demod.parity[Demod.parityLen++] = Demod.parityBits;     // store 8 parity bits1
+                                               Demod.parityBits = 0;
+                                       }
                                }
                                Demod.endTime = Demod.startTime + 8*(9*Demod.len + Demod.bitCount + 1);
                        } else {                                                                                                        // no modulation in both halves - End of communication
                                }
                                Demod.endTime = Demod.startTime + 8*(9*Demod.len + Demod.bitCount + 1);
                        } else {                                                                                                        // no modulation in both halves - End of communication
-                               if (Demod.len > 0 || Demod.bitCount > 0) {                              // received something
-                                       if(Demod.bitCount > 0) {                                                        // if we decoded bits
-                                               Demod.shiftReg >>= (9 - Demod.bitCount);                // add the remaining decoded bits to the output
-                                               Demod.output[Demod.len++] = Demod.shiftReg & 0xff;
-                                               // No parity bit, so just shift a 0
-                                               Demod.parityBits <<= 1;
-                                       }
+                               if(Demod.bitCount > 0) {                                                                // there are some remaining data bits
+                                       Demod.shiftReg >>= (9 - Demod.bitCount);                        // right align the decoded bits
+                                       Demod.output[Demod.len++] = Demod.shiftReg & 0xff;      // and add them to the output
+                                       Demod.parityBits <<= 1;                                                         // add a (void) parity bit
+                                       Demod.parityBits <<= (8 - (Demod.len&0x0007));          // left align remaining parity bits
+                                       Demod.parity[Demod.parityLen++] = Demod.parityBits;     // and store them
+                                       return TRUE;
+                               } else if (Demod.len & 0x0007) {                                                // there are some parity bits to store
+                                       Demod.parityBits <<= (8 - (Demod.len&0x0007));          // left align remaining parity bits
+                                       Demod.parity[Demod.parityLen++] = Demod.parityBits;     // and store them
+                               }
+                               if (Demod.len) {
                                        return TRUE;                                                                            // we are finished with decoding the raw data sequence
                                } else {                                                                                                // nothing received. Start over
                                        DemodReset();
                                }
                        }
                }
                                        return TRUE;                                                                            // we are finished with decoding the raw data sequence
                                } else {                                                                                                // nothing received. Start over
                                        DemodReset();
                                }
                        }
                }
-                       
        } 
        } 
-
     return FALSE;      // not finished yet, need more data
 }
 
     return FALSE;      // not finished yet, need more data
 }
 
@@ -502,36 +498,33 @@ static RAMFUNC int ManchesterDecoding(uint8_t bit, uint16_t offset, uint32_t non
 // Record the sequence of commands sent by the reader to the tag, with
 // triggering so that we start recording at the point that the tag is moved
 // near the reader.
 // Record the sequence of commands sent by the reader to the tag, with
 // triggering so that we start recording at the point that the tag is moved
 // near the reader.
+// "hf 14a sniff"
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-void RAMFUNC SnoopIso14443a(uint8_t param) {
+void RAMFUNC SniffIso14443a(uint8_t param) {
        // param:
        // bit 0 - trigger from first card answer
        // bit 1 - trigger from first reader 7-bit request
        // param:
        // bit 0 - trigger from first card answer
        // bit 1 - trigger from first reader 7-bit request
-       
        LEDsoff();
        LEDsoff();
-       // init trace buffer
-       iso14a_clear_trace();
-       iso14a_set_tracing(TRUE);
 
 
-       // We won't start recording the frames that we acquire until we trigger;
-       // a good trigger condition to get started is probably when we see a
-       // response from the tag.
-       // triggered == FALSE -- to wait first for card
-       bool triggered = !(param & 0x03); 
+       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_SNIFFER);
+       
+       // Allocate memory from BigBuf for some buffers
+       // free all previous allocations first
+       BigBuf_free(); BigBuf_Clear_ext(false);
+       clear_trace();
+       set_tracing(TRUE);
        
        // The command (reader -> tag) that we're receiving.
        
        // The command (reader -> tag) that we're receiving.
-       // The length of a received command will in most cases be no more than 18 bytes.
-       // So 32 should be enough!
-       uint8_t *receivedCmd = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + RECV_CMD_OFFSET);
+       uint8_t *receivedCmd = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_FRAME_SIZE);
+       uint8_t *receivedCmdPar = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_PARITY_SIZE);
+       
        // The response (tag -> reader) that we're receiving.
        // The response (tag -> reader) that we're receiving.
-       uint8_t *receivedResponse = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + RECV_RES_OFFSET);
-
-       // As we receive stuff, we copy it from receivedCmd or receivedResponse
-       // into trace, along with its length and other annotations.
-       //uint8_t *trace = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;
+       uint8_t *receivedResponse = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_FRAME_SIZE);
+       uint8_t *receivedResponsePar = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_PARITY_SIZE);
        
        // The DMA buffer, used to stream samples from the FPGA
        
        // The DMA buffer, used to stream samples from the FPGA
-       uint8_t *dmaBuf = ((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + DMA_BUFFER_OFFSET;
+       uint8_t *dmaBuf = BigBuf_malloc(DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
+
        uint8_t *data = dmaBuf;
        uint8_t previous_data = 0;
        int maxDataLen = 0;
        uint8_t *data = dmaBuf;
        uint8_t previous_data = 0;
        int maxDataLen = 0;
@@ -539,16 +532,23 @@ void RAMFUNC SnoopIso14443a(uint8_t param) {
        bool TagIsActive = FALSE;
        bool ReaderIsActive = FALSE;
        
        bool TagIsActive = FALSE;
        bool ReaderIsActive = FALSE;
        
-       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_SNIFFER);
-
        // Set up the demodulator for tag -> reader responses.
        // Set up the demodulator for tag -> reader responses.
-       Demod.output = receivedResponse;
-
+       DemodInit(receivedResponse, receivedResponsePar);
+       
        // Set up the demodulator for the reader -> tag commands
        // Set up the demodulator for the reader -> tag commands
-       Uart.output = receivedCmd;
-
+       UartInit(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar);
+       
        // Setup and start DMA.
        // Setup and start DMA.
-       FpgaSetupSscDma((uint8_t *)dmaBuf, DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
+       if ( !FpgaSetupSscDma((uint8_t*) dmaBuf, DMA_BUFFER_SIZE) ){
+               if (MF_DBGLEVEL > 1) Dbprintf("FpgaSetupSscDma failed. Exiting"); 
+               return;
+       }
+       
+       // We won't start recording the frames that we acquire until we trigger;
+       // a good trigger condition to get started is probably when we see a
+       // response from the tag.
+       // triggered == FALSE -- to wait first for card
+       bool triggered = !(param & 0x03); 
        
        // And now we loop, receiving samples.
        for(uint32_t rsamples = 0; TRUE; ) {
        
        // And now we loop, receiving samples.
        for(uint32_t rsamples = 0; TRUE; ) {
@@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ void RAMFUNC SnoopIso14443a(uint8_t param) {
                // test for length of buffer
                if(dataLen > maxDataLen) {
                        maxDataLen = dataLen;
                // test for length of buffer
                if(dataLen > maxDataLen) {
                        maxDataLen = dataLen;
-                       if(dataLen > 400) {
+                       if(dataLen > (9 * DMA_BUFFER_SIZE / 10)) {
                                Dbprintf("blew circular buffer! dataLen=%d", dataLen);
                                break;
                        }
                                Dbprintf("blew circular buffer! dataLen=%d", dataLen);
                                break;
                        }
@@ -603,8 +603,12 @@ void RAMFUNC SnoopIso14443a(uint8_t param) {
                                        if ((!triggered) && (param & 0x02) && (Uart.len == 1) && (Uart.bitCount == 7)) triggered = TRUE;
 
                                        if(triggered) {
                                        if ((!triggered) && (param & 0x02) && (Uart.len == 1) && (Uart.bitCount == 7)) triggered = TRUE;
 
                                        if(triggered) {
-                                               if (!LogTrace(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_READER_AIR2ARM_AS_SNIFFER, Uart.parityBits, TRUE)) break;
-                                               if (!LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_READER_AIR2ARM_AS_SNIFFER, 0, TRUE)) break;
+                                               if (!LogTrace(receivedCmd, 
+                                                                               Uart.len, 
+                                                                               Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_READER_AIR2ARM_AS_SNIFFER,
+                                                                               Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_READER_AIR2ARM_AS_SNIFFER,
+                                                                               Uart.parity, 
+                                                                               TRUE)) break;
                                        }
                                        /* And ready to receive another command. */
                                        UartReset();
                                        }
                                        /* And ready to receive another command. */
                                        UartReset();
@@ -621,13 +625,19 @@ void RAMFUNC SnoopIso14443a(uint8_t param) {
                                if(ManchesterDecoding(tagdata, 0, (rsamples-1)*4)) {
                                        LED_B_ON();
 
                                if(ManchesterDecoding(tagdata, 0, (rsamples-1)*4)) {
                                        LED_B_ON();
 
-                                       if (!LogTrace(receivedResponse, Demod.len, Demod.startTime*16 - DELAY_TAG_AIR2ARM_AS_SNIFFER, Demod.parityBits, FALSE)) break;
-                                       if (!LogTrace(NULL, 0, Demod.endTime*16 - DELAY_TAG_AIR2ARM_AS_SNIFFER, 0, FALSE)) break;
+                                       if (!LogTrace(receivedResponse, 
+                                                                       Demod.len, 
+                                                                       Demod.startTime*16 - DELAY_TAG_AIR2ARM_AS_SNIFFER, 
+                                                                       Demod.endTime*16 - DELAY_TAG_AIR2ARM_AS_SNIFFER,
+                                                                       Demod.parity,
+                                                                       FALSE)) break;
 
                                        if ((!triggered) && (param & 0x01)) triggered = TRUE;
 
                                        // And ready to receive another response.
                                        DemodReset();
 
                                        if ((!triggered) && (param & 0x01)) triggered = TRUE;
 
                                        // And ready to receive another response.
                                        DemodReset();
+                                       // And reset the Miller decoder including itS (now outdated) input buffer
+                                       UartInit(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar);
                                        LED_C_OFF();
                                } 
                                TagIsActive = (Demod.state != DEMOD_UNSYNCD);
                                        LED_C_OFF();
                                } 
                                TagIsActive = (Demod.state != DEMOD_UNSYNCD);
@@ -642,21 +652,20 @@ void RAMFUNC SnoopIso14443a(uint8_t param) {
                }
        } // main cycle
 
                }
        } // main cycle
 
-       DbpString("COMMAND FINISHED");
-
+       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1) {
+               Dbprintf("maxDataLen=%d, Uart.state=%x, Uart.len=%d", maxDataLen, Uart.state, Uart.len);
+               Dbprintf("traceLen=%d, Uart.output[0]=%08x", BigBuf_get_traceLen(), (uint32_t)Uart.output[0]);
+       }
        FpgaDisableSscDma();
        FpgaDisableSscDma();
-       Dbprintf("maxDataLen=%d, Uart.state=%x, Uart.len=%d", maxDataLen, Uart.state, Uart.len);
-       Dbprintf("traceLen=%d, Uart.output[0]=%08x", traceLen, (uint32_t)Uart.output[0]);
+       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
        LEDsoff();
        LEDsoff();
+       set_tracing(FALSE);     
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Prepare tag messages
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Prepare tag messages
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-static void CodeIso14443aAsTagPar(const uint8_t *cmd, int len, uint32_t dwParity)
-{
-       int i;
-
+static void CodeIso14443aAsTagPar(const uint8_t *cmd, uint16_t len, uint8_t *parity) {
        ToSendReset();
 
        // Correction bit, might be removed when not needed
        ToSendReset();
 
        // Correction bit, might be removed when not needed
@@ -673,12 +682,11 @@ static void CodeIso14443aAsTagPar(const uint8_t *cmd, int len, uint32_t dwParity
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
        LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * ToSendMax - 4;
 
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
        LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * ToSendMax - 4;
 
-       for(i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-               int j;
+       for(uint16_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                uint8_t b = cmd[i];
 
                // Data bits
                uint8_t b = cmd[i];
 
                // Data bits
-               for(j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+               for(uint16_t j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
                        if(b & 1) {
                                ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
                        } else {
                        if(b & 1) {
                                ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
                        } else {
@@ -688,8 +696,7 @@ static void CodeIso14443aAsTagPar(const uint8_t *cmd, int len, uint32_t dwParity
                }
 
                // Get the parity bit
                }
 
                // Get the parity bit
-               //if ((dwParity >> i) & 0x01) {
-               if (oddparity(cmd[i]) & 0x01) {
+               if (parity[i>>3] & (0x80>>(i&0x0007))) {
                        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
                        LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * ToSendMax - 4;
                } else {
                        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
                        LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * ToSendMax - 4;
                } else {
@@ -702,17 +709,17 @@ static void CodeIso14443aAsTagPar(const uint8_t *cmd, int len, uint32_t dwParity
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_F;
 
        // Convert from last byte pos to length
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_F;
 
        // Convert from last byte pos to length
-       ToSendMax++;
+       ++ToSendMax;
 }
 
 }
 
-static void CodeIso14443aAsTag(const uint8_t *cmd, int len){
-       CodeIso14443aAsTagPar(cmd, len, GetParity(cmd, len));
+static void CodeIso14443aAsTag(const uint8_t *cmd, uint16_t len) {
+       uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE] = {0};
+       GetParity(cmd, len, par);
+       CodeIso14443aAsTagPar(cmd, len, par);
 }
 
 }
 
-
-static void Code4bitAnswerAsTag(uint8_t cmd)
-{
-       int i;
+static void Code4bitAnswerAsTag(uint8_t cmd) {
+       uint8_t b = cmd;
 
        ToSendReset();
 
 
        ToSendReset();
 
@@ -729,8 +736,7 @@ static void Code4bitAnswerAsTag(uint8_t cmd)
        // Send startbit
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
 
        // Send startbit
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
 
-       uint8_t b = cmd;
-       for(i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+       for(uint8_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                if(b & 1) {
                        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
                        LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * ToSendMax - 4;
                if(b & 1) {
                        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
                        LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * ToSendMax - 4;
@@ -753,17 +759,15 @@ static void Code4bitAnswerAsTag(uint8_t cmd)
 // Stop when button is pressed
 // Or return TRUE when command is captured
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Stop when button is pressed
 // Or return TRUE when command is captured
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-static int GetIso14443aCommandFromReader(uint8_t *received, int *len, int maxLen)
-{
+int GetIso14443aCommandFromReader(uint8_t *received, uint8_t *parity, int *len) {
     // Set FPGA mode to "simulated ISO 14443 tag", no modulation (listen
     // only, since we are receiving, not transmitting).
     // Signal field is off with the appropriate LED
     LED_D_OFF();
     FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);
 
     // Set FPGA mode to "simulated ISO 14443 tag", no modulation (listen
     // only, since we are receiving, not transmitting).
     // Signal field is off with the appropriate LED
     LED_D_OFF();
     FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);
 
-    // Now run a `software UART' on the stream of incoming samples.
-       UartReset();
-    Uart.output = received;
+    // Now run a `software UART` on the stream of incoming samples.
+       UartInit(received, parity);
 
        // clear RXRDY:
     uint8_t b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
 
        // clear RXRDY:
     uint8_t b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
@@ -783,31 +787,6 @@ static int GetIso14443aCommandFromReader(uint8_t *received, int *len, int maxLen
     }
 }
 
     }
 }
 
-static int EmSendCmd14443aRaw(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, bool correctionNeeded);
-int EmSend4bitEx(uint8_t resp, bool correctionNeeded);
-int EmSend4bit(uint8_t resp);
-int EmSendCmdExPar(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, bool correctionNeeded, uint32_t par);
-int EmSendCmdExPar(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, bool correctionNeeded, uint32_t par);
-int EmSendCmdEx(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, bool correctionNeeded);
-int EmSendCmd(uint8_t *resp, int respLen);
-int EmSendCmdPar(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, uint32_t par);
-bool EmLogTrace(uint8_t *reader_data, uint16_t reader_len, uint32_t reader_StartTime, uint32_t reader_EndTime, uint32_t reader_Parity,
-                                uint8_t *tag_data, uint16_t tag_len, uint32_t tag_StartTime, uint32_t tag_EndTime, uint32_t tag_Parity);
-
-static uint8_t* free_buffer_pointer = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + FREE_BUFFER_OFFSET);
-
-typedef struct {
-  uint8_t* response;
-  size_t   response_n;
-  uint8_t* modulation;
-  size_t   modulation_n;
-  uint32_t ProxToAirDuration;
-} tag_response_info_t;
-
-void reset_free_buffer() {
-  free_buffer_pointer = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + FREE_BUFFER_OFFSET);
-}
-
 bool prepare_tag_modulation(tag_response_info_t* response_info, size_t max_buffer_size) {
        // Example response, answer to MIFARE Classic read block will be 16 bytes + 2 CRC = 18 bytes
        // This will need the following byte array for a modulation sequence
 bool prepare_tag_modulation(tag_response_info_t* response_info, size_t max_buffer_size) {
        // Example response, answer to MIFARE Classic read block will be 16 bytes + 2 CRC = 18 bytes
        // This will need the following byte array for a modulation sequence
@@ -819,90 +798,131 @@ bool prepare_tag_modulation(tag_response_info_t* response_info, size_t max_buffe
        // ----------- +
        //    166 bytes, since every bit that needs to be send costs us a byte
        //
        // ----------- +
        //    166 bytes, since every bit that needs to be send costs us a byte
        //
-  
-  // Prepare the tag modulation bits from the message
-  CodeIso14443aAsTag(response_info->response,response_info->response_n);
-  
-  // Make sure we do not exceed the free buffer space
-  if (ToSendMax > max_buffer_size) {
-    Dbprintf("Out of memory, when modulating bits for tag answer:");
-    Dbhexdump(response_info->response_n,response_info->response,false);
-    return false;
-  }
-  
-  // Copy the byte array, used for this modulation to the buffer position
-  memcpy(response_info->modulation,ToSend,ToSendMax);
-  
-  // Store the number of bytes that were used for encoding/modulation and the time needed to transfer them
-  response_info->modulation_n = ToSendMax;
-  response_info->ProxToAirDuration = LastProxToAirDuration;
-  
-  return true;
+       // Prepare the tag modulation bits from the message
+       CodeIso14443aAsTag(response_info->response,response_info->response_n);
+
+       // Make sure we do not exceed the free buffer space
+       if (ToSendMax > max_buffer_size) {
+               Dbprintf("Out of memory, when modulating bits for tag answer:");
+               Dbhexdump(response_info->response_n,response_info->response,false);
+               return FALSE;
+       }
+
+       // Copy the byte array, used for this modulation to the buffer position
+       memcpy(response_info->modulation,ToSend,ToSendMax);
+
+       // Store the number of bytes that were used for encoding/modulation and the time needed to transfer them
+       response_info->modulation_n = ToSendMax;
+       response_info->ProxToAirDuration = LastProxToAirDuration;
+       return TRUE;
 }
 
 }
 
+// "precompile" responses. There are 7 predefined responses with a total of 28 bytes data to transmit.
+// Coded responses need one byte per bit to transfer (data, parity, start, stop, correction) 
+// 28 * 8 data bits, 28 * 1 parity bits, 7 start bits, 7 stop bits, 7 correction bits
+// -> need 273 bytes buffer
+// 44 * 8 data bits, 44 * 1 parity bits, 9 start bits, 9 stop bits, 9 correction bits --370
+// 47 * 8 data bits, 47 * 1 parity bits, 10 start bits, 10 stop bits, 10 correction bits 
+#define ALLOCATED_TAG_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE 453 
+
 bool prepare_allocated_tag_modulation(tag_response_info_t* response_info) {
 bool prepare_allocated_tag_modulation(tag_response_info_t* response_info) {
-  // Retrieve and store the current buffer index
-  response_info->modulation = free_buffer_pointer;
-  
-  // Determine the maximum size we can use from our buffer
-  size_t max_buffer_size = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf)+FREE_BUFFER_OFFSET+FREE_BUFFER_SIZE)-free_buffer_pointer;
-  
-  // Forward the prepare tag modulation function to the inner function
-  if (prepare_tag_modulation(response_info,max_buffer_size)) {
-    // Update the free buffer offset
-    free_buffer_pointer += ToSendMax;
-    return true;
-  } else {
-    return false;
-  }
+       // Retrieve and store the current buffer index
+       response_info->modulation = free_buffer_pointer;
+
+       // Determine the maximum size we can use from our buffer
+       size_t max_buffer_size = ALLOCATED_TAG_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE;
+
+       // Forward the prepare tag modulation function to the inner function
+       if (prepare_tag_modulation(response_info, max_buffer_size)) {
+               // Update the free buffer offset
+               free_buffer_pointer += ToSendMax;
+               return true;
+       } else {
+               return false;
+       }
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Main loop of simulated tag: receive commands from reader, decide what
 // response to send, and send it.
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Main loop of simulated tag: receive commands from reader, decide what
 // response to send, and send it.
+// 'hf 14a sim'
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int uid_1st, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
-{
-       // Enable and clear the trace
-       iso14a_clear_trace();
-       iso14a_set_tracing(TRUE);
-
-       uint8_t sak;
+void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int flags, byte_t* data) {
 
 
+       #define ATTACK_KEY_COUNT 8 // keep same as define in cmdhfmf.c -> readerAttack()
+       // init pseudorand
+       fast_prand();
+       
+       uint8_t sak = 0;
+       uint32_t cuid = 0;                      
+       uint32_t nonce = 0;
+       
+       // PACK response to PWD AUTH for EV1/NTAG
+       uint8_t response8[4] = {0,0,0,0};
+       // Counter for EV1/NTAG
+       uint32_t counters[] = {0,0,0};
+       
        // The first response contains the ATQA (note: bytes are transmitted in reverse order).
        // The first response contains the ATQA (note: bytes are transmitted in reverse order).
-       uint8_t response1[2];
+       uint8_t response1[] = {0,0};
+
+       // Here, we collect CUID, block1, keytype1, NT1, NR1, AR1, CUID, block2, keytyp2, NT2, NR2, AR2
+       // it should also collect block, keytype.
+       uint8_t cardAUTHSC = 0;
+       uint8_t cardAUTHKEY = 0xff;  // no authentication
+       // allow collecting up to 8 sets of nonces to allow recovery of up to 8 keys
+
+       nonces_t ar_nr_nonces[ATTACK_KEY_COUNT]; // for attack types moebius
+       memset(ar_nr_nonces, 0x00, sizeof(ar_nr_nonces));
+       uint8_t moebius_count = 0;
        
        switch (tagType) {
        
        switch (tagType) {
-               case 1: { // MIFARE Classic
-                       // Says: I am Mifare 1k - original line
+               case 1: { // MIFARE Classic 1k 
                        response1[0] = 0x04;
                        response1[0] = 0x04;
-                       response1[1] = 0x00;
                        sak = 0x08;
                } break;
                case 2: { // MIFARE Ultralight
                        sak = 0x08;
                } break;
                case 2: { // MIFARE Ultralight
-                       // Says: I am a stupid memory tag, no crypto
-                       response1[0] = 0x04;
-                       response1[1] = 0x00;
+                       response1[0] = 0x44;
                        sak = 0x00;
                } break;
                case 3: { // MIFARE DESFire
                        sak = 0x00;
                } break;
                case 3: { // MIFARE DESFire
-                       // Says: I am a DESFire tag, ph33r me
                        response1[0] = 0x04;
                        response1[1] = 0x03;
                        sak = 0x20;
                } break;
                        response1[0] = 0x04;
                        response1[1] = 0x03;
                        sak = 0x20;
                } break;
-               case 4: { // ISO/IEC 14443-4
-                       // Says: I am a javacard (JCOP)
+               case 4: { // ISO/IEC 14443-4 - javacard (JCOP)
                        response1[0] = 0x04;
                        response1[0] = 0x04;
-                       response1[1] = 0x00;
                        sak = 0x28;
                } break;
                case 5: { // MIFARE TNP3XXX
                        sak = 0x28;
                } break;
                case 5: { // MIFARE TNP3XXX
-                       // Says: I am a toy
                        response1[0] = 0x01;
                        response1[1] = 0x0f;
                        sak = 0x01;
                        response1[0] = 0x01;
                        response1[1] = 0x0f;
                        sak = 0x01;
-               } break;                
+               } break;
+               case 6: { // MIFARE Mini 320b
+                       response1[0] = 0x44;
+                       sak = 0x09;
+               } break;
+               case 7: { // NTAG
+                       response1[0] = 0x44;
+                       sak = 0x00;
+                       // PACK
+                       response8[0] = 0x80;
+                       response8[1] = 0x80;
+                       ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response8, 2, &response8[2], &response8[3]);
+                       // uid not supplied then get from emulator memory
+                       if (data[0]==0) {
+                               uint16_t start = 4 * (0+12);  
+                               uint8_t emdata[8];
+                               emlGetMemBt( emdata, start, sizeof(emdata));
+                               memcpy(data, emdata, 3); // uid bytes 0-2
+                               memcpy(data+3, emdata+4, 4); // uid bytes 3-7
+                               flags |= FLAG_7B_UID_IN_DATA;
+                       }
+               } break;        
+               case 8: { // MIFARE Classic 4k
+                       response1[0] = 0x02;
+                       sak = 0x18;
+               } break;
                default: {
                        Dbprintf("Error: unkown tagtype (%d)",tagType);
                        return;
                default: {
                        Dbprintf("Error: unkown tagtype (%d)",tagType);
                        return;
@@ -910,44 +930,65 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int uid_1st, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
        }
        
        // The second response contains the (mandatory) first 24 bits of the UID
        }
        
        // The second response contains the (mandatory) first 24 bits of the UID
-       uint8_t response2[5];
-
-       // Check if the uid uses the (optional) part
-       uint8_t response2a[5];
-       if (uid_2nd) {
-               response2[0] = 0x88;
-               num_to_bytes(uid_1st,3,response2+1);
-               num_to_bytes(uid_2nd,4,response2a);
+       uint8_t response2[5] = {0x00};
+
+       // For UID size 7, 
+       uint8_t response2a[5] = {0x00};
+       
+       if ( (flags & FLAG_7B_UID_IN_DATA) == FLAG_7B_UID_IN_DATA ) {
+               response2[0] = 0x88;  // Cascade Tag marker
+               response2[1] = data[0];
+               response2[2] = data[1];
+               response2[3] = data[2];
+
+               response2a[0] = data[3];
+               response2a[1] = data[4];
+               response2a[2] = data[5];
+               response2a[3] = data[6]; //??
                response2a[4] = response2a[0] ^ response2a[1] ^ response2a[2] ^ response2a[3];
 
                // Configure the ATQA and SAK accordingly
                response1[0] |= 0x40;
                sak |= 0x04;
                response2a[4] = response2a[0] ^ response2a[1] ^ response2a[2] ^ response2a[3];
 
                // Configure the ATQA and SAK accordingly
                response1[0] |= 0x40;
                sak |= 0x04;
+               
+               cuid = bytes_to_num(data+3, 4);
        } else {
        } else {
-               num_to_bytes(uid_1st,4,response2);
+               memcpy(response2, data, 4);
                // Configure the ATQA and SAK accordingly
                response1[0] &= 0xBF;
                sak &= 0xFB;
                // Configure the ATQA and SAK accordingly
                response1[0] &= 0xBF;
                sak &= 0xFB;
+               cuid = bytes_to_num(data, 4);
        }
 
        // Calculate the BitCountCheck (BCC) for the first 4 bytes of the UID.
        response2[4] = response2[0] ^ response2[1] ^ response2[2] ^ response2[3];
 
        // Prepare the mandatory SAK (for 4 and 7 byte UID)
        }
 
        // Calculate the BitCountCheck (BCC) for the first 4 bytes of the UID.
        response2[4] = response2[0] ^ response2[1] ^ response2[2] ^ response2[3];
 
        // Prepare the mandatory SAK (for 4 and 7 byte UID)
-       uint8_t response3[3];
-       response3[0] = sak;
+       uint8_t response3[3]  = {sak, 0x00, 0x00};
        ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response3, 1, &response3[1], &response3[2]);
 
        // Prepare the optional second SAK (for 7 byte UID), drop the cascade bit
        ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response3, 1, &response3[1], &response3[2]);
 
        // Prepare the optional second SAK (for 7 byte UID), drop the cascade bit
-       uint8_t response3a[3];
+       uint8_t response3a[3]  = {0x00};
        response3a[0] = sak & 0xFB;
        ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response3a, 1, &response3a[1], &response3a[2]);
 
        response3a[0] = sak & 0xFB;
        ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response3a, 1, &response3a[1], &response3a[2]);
 
-       uint8_t response5[] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }; // Very random tag nonce
-       uint8_t response6[] = { 0x04, 0x58, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00 }; // dummy ATS (pseudo-ATR), answer to RATS
+       // Tag NONCE.
+       uint8_t response5[4]; 
+       
+       uint8_t response6[] = { 0x04, 0x58, 0x80, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00 };   // dummy ATS (pseudo-ATR), answer to RATS: 
+       // Format byte = 0x58: FSCI=0x08 (FSC=256), TA(1) and TC(1) present, 
+       // TA(1) = 0x80: different divisors not supported, DR = 1, DS = 1
+       // TB(1) = not present. Defaults: FWI = 4 (FWT = 256 * 16 * 2^4 * 1/fc = 4833us), SFGI = 0 (SFG = 256 * 16 * 2^0 * 1/fc = 302us)
+       // TC(1) = 0x02: CID supported, NAD not supported
        ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response6, 4, &response6[4], &response6[5]);
        ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response6, 4, &response6[4], &response6[5]);
-
-       #define TAG_RESPONSE_COUNT 7
+       
+       // Prepare GET_VERSION (different for UL EV-1 / NTAG)
+       // uint8_t response7_EV1[] = {0x00, 0x04, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x0b, 0x03, 0xfd, 0xf7};  //EV1 48bytes VERSION.
+       // uint8_t response7_NTAG[] = {0x00, 0x04, 0x04, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x11, 0x03, 0x01, 0x9e}; //NTAG 215  
+       // Prepare CHK_TEARING
+       // uint8_t response9[] =  {0xBD,0x90,0x3f};
+       
+       #define TAG_RESPONSE_COUNT 10
        tag_response_info_t responses[TAG_RESPONSE_COUNT] = {
                { .response = response1,  .response_n = sizeof(response1)  },  // Answer to request - respond with card type
                { .response = response2,  .response_n = sizeof(response2)  },  // Anticollision cascade1 - respond with uid
        tag_response_info_t responses[TAG_RESPONSE_COUNT] = {
                { .response = response1,  .response_n = sizeof(response1)  },  // Answer to request - respond with card type
                { .response = response2,  .response_n = sizeof(response2)  },  // Anticollision cascade1 - respond with uid
@@ -956,7 +997,12 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int uid_1st, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                { .response = response3a, .response_n = sizeof(response3a) },  // Acknowledge select - cascade 2
                { .response = response5,  .response_n = sizeof(response5)  },  // Authentication answer (random nonce)
                { .response = response6,  .response_n = sizeof(response6)  },  // dummy ATS (pseudo-ATR), answer to RATS
                { .response = response3a, .response_n = sizeof(response3a) },  // Acknowledge select - cascade 2
                { .response = response5,  .response_n = sizeof(response5)  },  // Authentication answer (random nonce)
                { .response = response6,  .response_n = sizeof(response6)  },  // dummy ATS (pseudo-ATR), answer to RATS
-       };
+
+               { .response = response8,   .response_n = sizeof(response8) }  // EV1/NTAG PACK response
+       };      
+               // { .response = response7_NTAG, .response_n = sizeof(response7_NTAG)}, // EV1/NTAG GET_VERSION response
+               // { .response = response9,      .response_n = sizeof(response9)     }  // EV1/NTAG CHK_TEAR response
+       
 
        // Allocate 512 bytes for the dynamic modulation, created when the reader queries for it
        // Such a response is less time critical, so we can prepare them on the fly
 
        // Allocate 512 bytes for the dynamic modulation, created when the reader queries for it
        // Such a response is less time critical, so we can prepare them on the fly
@@ -971,16 +1017,23 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int uid_1st, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                .modulation_n = 0
        };
   
                .modulation_n = 0
        };
   
-       // Reset the offset pointer of the free buffer
-       reset_free_buffer();
-  
+       // We need to listen to the high-frequency, peak-detected path.
+       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);
+
+       BigBuf_free_keep_EM();
+       clear_trace();
+       set_tracing(TRUE);
+
+       // allocate buffers:
+       uint8_t *receivedCmd = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_FRAME_SIZE);
+       uint8_t *receivedCmdPar = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_PARITY_SIZE);
+       free_buffer_pointer = BigBuf_malloc(ALLOCATED_TAG_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE);
+
        // Prepare the responses of the anticollision phase
        // there will be not enough time to do this at the moment the reader sends it REQA
        // Prepare the responses of the anticollision phase
        // there will be not enough time to do this at the moment the reader sends it REQA
-       for (size_t i=0; i<TAG_RESPONSE_COUNT; i++) {
+       for (size_t i=0; i<TAG_RESPONSE_COUNT; i++)
                prepare_allocated_tag_modulation(&responses[i]);
                prepare_allocated_tag_modulation(&responses[i]);
-       }
 
 
-       uint8_t *receivedCmd = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + RECV_CMD_OFFSET);
        int len = 0;
 
        // To control where we are in the protocol
        int len = 0;
 
        // To control where we are in the protocol
@@ -991,74 +1044,222 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int uid_1st, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
        int happened = 0;
        int happened2 = 0;
        int cmdsRecvd = 0;
        int happened = 0;
        int happened2 = 0;
        int cmdsRecvd = 0;
-
-       // We need to listen to the high-frequency, peak-detected path.
-       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);
-
-       cmdsRecvd = 0;
        tag_response_info_t* p_response;
 
        LED_A_ON();
        tag_response_info_t* p_response;
 
        LED_A_ON();
-       for(;;) {
-               // Clean receive command buffer
+       for(;;) {       
+               WDT_HIT();
                
                
-               if(!GetIso14443aCommandFromReader(receivedCmd, &len, RECV_CMD_SIZE)) {
-                       DbpString("Button press");
+               // Clean receive command buffer
+               if(!GetIso14443aCommandFromReader(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar, &len)) {
+                       Dbprintf("Emulator stopped. Tracing: %d  trace length: %d ", tracing, BigBuf_get_traceLen());
                        break;
                        break;
-               }
-
+               }       
                p_response = NULL;
                
                p_response = NULL;
                
-               // doob - added loads of debug strings so we can see what the reader is saying to us during the sim as hi14alist is not populated
                // Okay, look at the command now.
                lastorder = order;
                // Okay, look at the command now.
                lastorder = order;
-               if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x26) { // Received a REQUEST
+               if(receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443A_CMD_REQA) { // Received a REQUEST
                        p_response = &responses[0]; order = 1;
                        p_response = &responses[0]; order = 1;
-               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x52) { // Received a WAKEUP
+               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443A_CMD_WUPA) { // Received a WAKEUP
                        p_response = &responses[0]; order = 6;
                        p_response = &responses[0]; order = 6;
-               } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x20 && receivedCmd[0] == 0x93) {   // Received request for UID (cascade 1)
+               } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x20 && receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443A_CMD_ANTICOLL_OR_SELECT) {       // Received request for UID (cascade 1)
                        p_response = &responses[1]; order = 2;
                        p_response = &responses[1]; order = 2;
-               } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x20 && receivedCmd[0] == 0x95) { // Received request for UID (cascade 2)
+               } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x20 && receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443A_CMD_ANTICOLL_OR_SELECT_2) {     // Received request for UID (cascade 2)
                        p_response = &responses[2]; order = 20;
                        p_response = &responses[2]; order = 20;
-               } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 && receivedCmd[0] == 0x93) {   // Received a SELECT (cascade 1)
+               } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 && receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443A_CMD_ANTICOLL_OR_SELECT) {       // Received a SELECT (cascade 1)
                        p_response = &responses[3]; order = 3;
                        p_response = &responses[3]; order = 3;
-               } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 && receivedCmd[0] == 0x95) {   // Received a SELECT (cascade 2)
-                       p_response = &responses[4]; order = 30;
-               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x30) {     // Received a (plain) READ
-                       EmSendCmdEx(data+(4*receivedCmd[0]),16,false);
-                       // Dbprintf("Read request from reader: %x %x",receivedCmd[0],receivedCmd[1]);
-                       // We already responded, do not send anything with the EmSendCmd14443aRaw() that is called below
-                       p_response = NULL;
-               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x50) {     // Received a HALT
-//                     DbpString("Reader requested we HALT!:");
-                       if (tracing) {
-                               LogTrace(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
-                               LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
+               } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 && receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443A_CMD_ANTICOLL_OR_SELECT_2) {     // Received a SELECT (cascade 2)
+                       p_response = &responses[4]; order = 30;         
+               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443A_CMD_READBLOCK) {  // Received a (plain) READ
+                       uint8_t block = receivedCmd[1];
+                       // if Ultralight or NTAG (4 byte blocks)
+                       if ( tagType == 7 || tagType == 2 ) {
+                               // first 12 blocks of emu are [getversion answer - check tearing - pack - 0x00 - signature]
+                               uint16_t start = 4 * (block+12);  
+                               uint8_t emdata[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE];
+                               emlGetMemBt( emdata, start, 16);
+                               AppendCrc14443a(emdata, 16);
+                               EmSendCmdEx(emdata, sizeof(emdata));
+                               // We already responded, do not send anything with the EmSendCmd14443aRaw() that is called below
+                               p_response = NULL;
+                       } else { // all other tags (16 byte block tags)
+                               uint8_t emdata[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE];
+                               emlGetMemBt( emdata, block, 16);
+                               AppendCrc14443a(emdata, 16);
+                               EmSendCmdEx(emdata, sizeof(emdata));
+                               // EmSendCmdEx(data+(4*receivedCmd[1]),16);
+                               // Dbprintf("Read request from reader: %x %x",receivedCmd[0],receivedCmd[1]);
+                               // We already responded, do not send anything with the EmSendCmd14443aRaw() that is called below
+                               p_response = NULL;
                        }
                        }
+               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == MIFARE_ULEV1_FASTREAD) {    // Received a FAST READ (ranged read)                           
+                       uint8_t emdata[MAX_FRAME_SIZE];
+                       // first 12 blocks of emu are [getversion answer - check tearing - pack - 0x00 - signature]
+                       int start =  (receivedCmd[1]+12) * 4; 
+                       int len   = (receivedCmd[2] - receivedCmd[1] + 1) * 4;
+                       emlGetMemBt( emdata, start, len);
+                       AppendCrc14443a(emdata, len);
+                       EmSendCmdEx(emdata, len+2);                             
+                       p_response = NULL;              
+               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == MIFARE_ULEV1_READSIG && tagType == 7) {     // Received a READ SIGNATURE -- 
+                       // first 12 blocks of emu are [getversion answer - check tearing - pack - 0x00 - signature]
+                       uint16_t start = 4 * 4;
+                       uint8_t emdata[34];
+                       emlGetMemBt( emdata, start, 32);
+                       AppendCrc14443a(emdata, 32);
+                       EmSendCmdEx(emdata, sizeof(emdata));
+                       p_response = NULL;                                      
+               } else if (receivedCmd[0] == MIFARE_ULEV1_READ_CNT && tagType == 7) {   // Received a READ COUNTER -- 
+                       uint8_t index = receivedCmd[1];
+                       uint8_t cmd[] =  {0x00,0x00,0x00,0x14,0xa5};
+                       if ( counters[index] > 0) {
+                               num_to_bytes(counters[index], 3, cmd);
+                               AppendCrc14443a(cmd, sizeof(cmd)-2);
+                       }
+                       EmSendCmdEx(cmd,sizeof(cmd));                           
+                       p_response = NULL;
+               } else if (receivedCmd[0] == MIFARE_ULEV1_INCR_CNT && tagType == 7) {   // Received a INC COUNTER -- 
+                       // number of counter
+                       uint8_t counter = receivedCmd[1];
+                       uint32_t val = bytes_to_num(receivedCmd+2,4);
+                       counters[counter] = val;
+               
+                       // send ACK
+                       uint8_t ack[] = {0x0a};
+                       EmSendCmdEx(ack,sizeof(ack));
+                       p_response = NULL;                      
+               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == MIFARE_ULEV1_CHECKTEAR && tagType == 7) {   // Received a CHECK_TEARING_EVENT -- 
+                       // first 12 blocks of emu are [getversion answer - check tearing - pack - 0x00 - signature]
+                       uint8_t emdata[3];
+                       uint8_t counter=0;
+                       if (receivedCmd[1]<3) counter = receivedCmd[1];
+                       emlGetMemBt( emdata, 10+counter, 1);
+                       AppendCrc14443a(emdata, sizeof(emdata)-2);
+                       EmSendCmdEx(emdata, sizeof(emdata));    
+                       p_response = NULL;              
+               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443A_CMD_HALT) {       // Received a HALT
+                       LogTrace(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, TRUE);
                        p_response = NULL;
                        p_response = NULL;
-               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x60 || receivedCmd[0] == 0x61) {   // Received an authentication request
-                       p_response = &responses[5]; order = 7;
-               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0xE0) {     // Received a RATS request
+               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == MIFARE_AUTH_KEYA || receivedCmd[0] == MIFARE_AUTH_KEYB) {   // Received an authentication request                           
+                       if ( tagType == 7 ) {   // IF NTAG /EV1  0x60 == GET_VERSION, not a authentication request.
+                               uint8_t emdata[10];
+                               emlGetMemBt( emdata, 0, 8 );
+                               AppendCrc14443a(emdata, sizeof(emdata)-2);
+                               EmSendCmdEx(emdata, sizeof(emdata));
+                               p_response = NULL;
+                       } else {
+                                                               
+                               cardAUTHKEY = receivedCmd[0] - 0x60;
+                               cardAUTHSC = receivedCmd[1] / 4; // received block num
+                               
+                               // incease nonce at AUTH requests. this is time consuming.
+                               nonce = prand();
+                               //num_to_bytes(nonce, 4, response5);
+                               num_to_bytes(nonce, 4, dynamic_response_info.response);                         
+                               dynamic_response_info.response_n = 4;
+
+                               //prepare_tag_modulation(&responses[5], DYNAMIC_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE);
+                               prepare_tag_modulation(&dynamic_response_info, DYNAMIC_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE);
+                               p_response = &dynamic_response_info;
+                               //p_response = &responses[5]; 
+                               order = 7;
+                       }
+               } else if(receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443A_CMD_RATS) {       // Received a RATS request
                        if (tagType == 1 || tagType == 2) {     // RATS not supported
                                EmSend4bit(CARD_NACK_NA);
                                p_response = NULL;
                        } else {
                                p_response = &responses[6]; order = 70;
                        }
                        if (tagType == 1 || tagType == 2) {     // RATS not supported
                                EmSend4bit(CARD_NACK_NA);
                                p_response = NULL;
                        } else {
                                p_response = &responses[6]; order = 70;
                        }
-               } else if (order == 7 && len == 8) { // Received authentication request
-                       if (tracing) {
-                               LogTrace(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
-                               LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
-                       }
+               } else if (order == 7 && len == 8) { // Received {nr] and {ar} (part of authentication)
+                       LogTrace(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, TRUE);
                        uint32_t nr = bytes_to_num(receivedCmd,4);
                        uint32_t ar = bytes_to_num(receivedCmd+4,4);
                        uint32_t nr = bytes_to_num(receivedCmd,4);
                        uint32_t ar = bytes_to_num(receivedCmd+4,4);
-                       Dbprintf("Auth attempt {nr}{ar}: %08x %08x",nr,ar);
+                
+                       // Collect AR/NR per keytype & sector
+                       if ( (flags & FLAG_NR_AR_ATTACK) == FLAG_NR_AR_ATTACK ) {
+                               
+                               int8_t index = -1;
+                               int8_t empty = -1;
+                               for (uint8_t i = 0; i < ATTACK_KEY_COUNT; i++) {
+                                       // find which index to use
+                                       if ( (cardAUTHSC == ar_nr_nonces[i].sector) &&  (cardAUTHKEY == ar_nr_nonces[i].keytype)) 
+                                               index = i;
+
+                                       // keep track of empty slots.
+                                       if ( ar_nr_nonces[i].state == EMPTY)
+                                               empty = i;
+                               }
+                               // if no empty slots.  Choose first and overwrite.
+                               if ( index == -1 ) {
+                                       if ( empty == -1 ) {
+                                               index = 0;
+                                               ar_nr_nonces[index].state = EMPTY;
+                                       } else {
+                                               index = empty;
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               switch(ar_nr_nonces[index].state) {
+                                       case EMPTY: {
+                                               // first nonce collect
+                                               ar_nr_nonces[index].cuid = cuid;
+                                               ar_nr_nonces[index].sector = cardAUTHSC;
+                                               ar_nr_nonces[index].keytype = cardAUTHKEY;
+                                               ar_nr_nonces[index].nonce = nonce;
+                                               ar_nr_nonces[index].nr = nr;
+                                               ar_nr_nonces[index].ar = ar;
+                                               ar_nr_nonces[index].state = FIRST;
+                                               break;
+                                       } 
+                                       case FIRST : { 
+                                               // second nonce collect
+                                               ar_nr_nonces[index].nonce2 = nonce;
+                                               ar_nr_nonces[index].nr2 = nr;
+                                               ar_nr_nonces[index].ar2 = ar;
+                                               ar_nr_nonces[index].state = SECOND;
+
+                                               // send to client
+                                               cmd_send(CMD_ACK, CMD_SIMULATE_MIFARE_CARD, 0, 0, &ar_nr_nonces[index], sizeof(nonces_t));
+                                               
+                                               ar_nr_nonces[index].state = EMPTY;
+                                               ar_nr_nonces[index].sector = 0;
+                                               ar_nr_nonces[index].keytype = 0;
+                                               
+                                               moebius_count++;
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                                       default: break;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       p_response = NULL;
+                       
+               } else if (receivedCmd[0] == MIFARE_ULC_AUTH_1 ) { // ULC authentication, or Desfire Authentication
+               } else if (receivedCmd[0] == MIFARE_ULEV1_AUTH) { // NTAG / EV-1 authentication
+                       if ( tagType == 7 ) {
+                               uint16_t start = 13; // first 4 blocks of emu are [getversion answer - check tearing - pack - 0x00]
+                               uint8_t emdata[4];
+                               emlGetMemBt( emdata, start, 2);
+                               AppendCrc14443a(emdata, 2);
+                               EmSendCmdEx(emdata, sizeof(emdata));
+                               p_response = NULL;
+                               uint32_t pwd = bytes_to_num(receivedCmd+1,4);
+                               
+                               if ( MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("Auth attempt: %08x", pwd);     
+                       }
                } else {
                        // Check for ISO 14443A-4 compliant commands, look at left nibble
                        switch (receivedCmd[0]) {
                } else {
                        // Check for ISO 14443A-4 compliant commands, look at left nibble
                        switch (receivedCmd[0]) {
-
+                               case 0x02:
+                               case 0x03: {  // IBlock (command no CID)
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response[0] = receivedCmd[0];
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response[1] = 0x90;
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response[2] = 0x00;
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response_n = 3;
+                               } break;
                                case 0x0B:
                                case 0x0B:
-                               case 0x0A: { // IBlock (command)
+                               case 0x0A: { // IBlock (command CID)
                                  dynamic_response_info.response[0] = receivedCmd[0];
                                  dynamic_response_info.response[1] = 0x00;
                                  dynamic_response_info.response[2] = 0x90;
                                  dynamic_response_info.response[0] = receivedCmd[0];
                                  dynamic_response_info.response[1] = 0x00;
                                  dynamic_response_info.response[2] = 0x90;
@@ -1072,29 +1273,28 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int uid_1st, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                                  dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
                                } break;
 
                                  dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
                                } break;
 
-                               case 0xaa:
-                               case 0xbb: {
+                               case 0xAA:
+                               case 0xBB: {
                                  dynamic_response_info.response[0] = receivedCmd[0] ^ 0x11;
                                  dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
                                } break;
                                  
                                  dynamic_response_info.response[0] = receivedCmd[0] ^ 0x11;
                                  dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
                                } break;
                                  
-                               case 0xBA: { //
-                                 memcpy(dynamic_response_info.response,"\xAB\x00",2);
-                                 dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
+                               case 0xBA: { // ping / pong
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response[0] = 0xAB;
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response[1] = 0x00;
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
                                } break;
 
                                case 0xCA:
                                case 0xC2: { // Readers sends deselect command
                                } break;
 
                                case 0xCA:
                                case 0xC2: { // Readers sends deselect command
-                                 memcpy(dynamic_response_info.response,"\xCA\x00",2);
-                                 dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response[0] = 0xCA;
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response[1] = 0x00;
+                                       dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
                                } break;
 
                                default: {
                                        // Never seen this command before
                                } break;
 
                                default: {
                                        // Never seen this command before
-                                       if (tracing) {
-                                               LogTrace(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
-                                               LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
-                                       }
+                                       LogTrace(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, TRUE);
                                        Dbprintf("Received unknown command (len=%d):",len);
                                        Dbhexdump(len,receivedCmd,false);
                                        // Do not respond
                                        Dbprintf("Received unknown command (len=%d):",len);
                                        Dbhexdump(len,receivedCmd,false);
                                        // Do not respond
@@ -1107,15 +1307,12 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int uid_1st, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                                dynamic_response_info.response[1] = receivedCmd[1];
 
                                // Add CRC bytes, always used in ISO 14443A-4 compliant cards
                                dynamic_response_info.response[1] = receivedCmd[1];
 
                                // Add CRC bytes, always used in ISO 14443A-4 compliant cards
-                               AppendCrc14443a(dynamic_response_info.response,dynamic_response_info.response_n);
+                               AppendCrc14443a(dynamic_response_info.response, dynamic_response_info.response_n);
                                dynamic_response_info.response_n += 2;
         
                                if (prepare_tag_modulation(&dynamic_response_info,DYNAMIC_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE) == false) {
                                dynamic_response_info.response_n += 2;
         
                                if (prepare_tag_modulation(&dynamic_response_info,DYNAMIC_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE) == false) {
-                                       Dbprintf("Error preparing tag response");
-                                       if (tracing) {
-                                               LogTrace(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
-                                               LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
-                                       }
+                                       DbpString("Error preparing tag response");
+                                       LogTrace(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, TRUE);
                                        break;
                                }
                                p_response = &dynamic_response_info;
                                        break;
                                }
                                p_response = &dynamic_response_info;
@@ -1128,6 +1325,12 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int uid_1st, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                // Count number of other messages after a halt
                if(order != 6 && lastorder == 5) { happened2++; }
 
                // Count number of other messages after a halt
                if(order != 6 && lastorder == 5) { happened2++; }
 
+               // comment this limit if you want to simulation longer          
+               if (!tracing) {
+                       DbpString("Trace Full. Simulation stopped.");
+                       break;
+               }
+               // comment this limit if you want to simulation longer
                if(cmdsRecvd > 999) {
                        DbpString("1000 commands later...");
                        break;
                if(cmdsRecvd > 999) {
                        DbpString("1000 commands later...");
                        break;
@@ -1135,53 +1338,62 @@ void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int uid_1st, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
                cmdsRecvd++;
 
                if (p_response != NULL) {
                cmdsRecvd++;
 
                if (p_response != NULL) {
-                       EmSendCmd14443aRaw(p_response->modulation, p_response->modulation_n, receivedCmd[0] == 0x52);
+                       EmSendCmd14443aRaw(p_response->modulation, p_response->modulation_n);
                        // do the tracing for the previous reader request and this tag answer:
                        // do the tracing for the previous reader request and this tag answer:
+                       uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE] = {0x00};
+                       GetParity(p_response->response, p_response->response_n, par);
+       
                        EmLogTrace(Uart.output, 
                                                Uart.len, 
                                                Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 
                                                Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 
                        EmLogTrace(Uart.output, 
                                                Uart.len, 
                                                Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 
                                                Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 
-                                               Uart.parityBits,
+                                               Uart.parity,
                                                p_response->response, 
                                                p_response->response_n,
                                                LastTimeProxToAirStart*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_TAG,
                                                (LastTimeProxToAirStart + p_response->ProxToAirDuration)*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_TAG, 
                                                p_response->response, 
                                                p_response->response_n,
                                                LastTimeProxToAirStart*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_TAG,
                                                (LastTimeProxToAirStart + p_response->ProxToAirDuration)*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_TAG, 
-                                               SwapBits(GetParity(p_response->response, p_response->response_n), p_response->response_n));
-               }
-               
-               if (!tracing) {
-                       Dbprintf("Trace Full. Simulation stopped.");
-                       break;
+                                               par);
                }
        }
 
                }
        }
 
-       Dbprintf("%x %x %x", happened, happened2, cmdsRecvd);
+       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
+       set_tracing(FALSE);
+       BigBuf_free_keep_EM();
        LED_A_OFF();
        LED_A_OFF();
-}
 
 
+       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4){
+               Dbprintf("-[ Wake ups after halt  [%d]", happened);
+               Dbprintf("-[ Messages after halt  [%d]", happened2);
+               Dbprintf("-[ Num of received cmd  [%d]", cmdsRecvd);
+               Dbprintf("-[ Num of moebius tries [%d]", moebius_count);
+       }
+       
+       cmd_send(CMD_ACK,1,0,0,0,0);
+}
 
 // prepare a delayed transfer. This simply shifts ToSend[] by a number
 // of bits specified in the delay parameter.
 
 // prepare a delayed transfer. This simply shifts ToSend[] by a number
 // of bits specified in the delay parameter.
-void PrepareDelayedTransfer(uint16_t delay)
-{
+void PrepareDelayedTransfer(uint16_t delay) {
+       delay &= 0x07;
+       if (!delay) return;
+
        uint8_t bitmask = 0;
        uint8_t bits_to_shift = 0;
        uint8_t bits_shifted = 0;
        uint8_t bitmask = 0;
        uint8_t bits_to_shift = 0;
        uint8_t bits_shifted = 0;
-       
-       delay &= 0x07;
-       if (delay) {
-               for (uint16_t i = 0; i < delay; i++) {
-                       bitmask |= (0x01 << i);
-               }
-               ToSend[ToSendMax++] = 0x00;
-               for (uint16_t i = 0; i < ToSendMax; i++) {
+       uint16_t i = 0;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < delay; ++i)
+               bitmask |= (0x01 << i);
+
+       ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0x00;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < ToSendMax; ++i) {
                        bits_to_shift = ToSend[i] & bitmask;
                        ToSend[i] = ToSend[i] >> delay;
                        ToSend[i] = ToSend[i] | (bits_shifted << (8 - delay));
                        bits_shifted = bits_to_shift;
                }
        }
                        bits_to_shift = ToSend[i] & bitmask;
                        ToSend[i] = ToSend[i] >> delay;
                        ToSend[i] = ToSend[i] | (bits_shifted << (8 - delay));
                        bits_shifted = bits_to_shift;
                }
        }
-}
 
 
 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1192,9 +1404,7 @@ void PrepareDelayedTransfer(uint16_t delay)
 // if == 0:    transfer immediately and return time of transfer
 // if != 0: delay transfer until time specified
 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // if == 0:    transfer immediately and return time of transfer
 // if != 0: delay transfer until time specified
 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-static void TransmitFor14443a(const uint8_t *cmd, int len, uint32_t *timing)
-{
-       
+static void TransmitFor14443a(const uint8_t *cmd, uint16_t len, uint32_t *timing) {
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);
 
        uint32_t ThisTransferTime = 0;
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);
 
        uint32_t ThisTransferTime = 0;
@@ -1210,7 +1420,9 @@ static void TransmitFor14443a(const uint8_t *cmd, int len, uint32_t *timing)
                LastTimeProxToAirStart = *timing;
        } else {
                ThisTransferTime = ((MAX(NextTransferTime, GetCountSspClk()) & 0xfffffff8) + 8);
                LastTimeProxToAirStart = *timing;
        } else {
                ThisTransferTime = ((MAX(NextTransferTime, GetCountSspClk()) & 0xfffffff8) + 8);
+
                while(GetCountSspClk() < ThisTransferTime);
                while(GetCountSspClk() < ThisTransferTime);
+
                LastTimeProxToAirStart = ThisTransferTime;
        }
        
                LastTimeProxToAirStart = ThisTransferTime;
        }
        
@@ -1221,24 +1433,21 @@ static void TransmitFor14443a(const uint8_t *cmd, int len, uint32_t *timing)
        for(;;) {
                if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
                        AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = cmd[c];
        for(;;) {
                if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
                        AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = cmd[c];
-                       c++;
-                       if(c >= len) {
+                       ++c;
+                       if(c >= len)
                                break;
                                break;
-                       }
                }
        }
        
                }
        }
        
-       NextTransferTime = MAX(NextTransferTime, LastTimeProxToAirStart + REQUEST_GUARD_TIME);  
+       NextTransferTime = MAX(NextTransferTime, LastTimeProxToAirStart + REQUEST_GUARD_TIME);
 }
 
 }
 
-
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Prepare reader command (in bits, support short frames) to send to FPGA
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Prepare reader command (in bits, support short frames) to send to FPGA
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-void CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(const uint8_t * cmd, int bits, uint32_t dwParity)
-{
+void CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(const uint8_t *cmd, uint16_t bits, const uint8_t *parity) {
        int i, j;
        int i, j;
-       int last;
+       int last = 0;
        uint8_t b;
 
        ToSendReset();
        uint8_t b;
 
        ToSendReset();
@@ -1246,7 +1455,6 @@ void CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(const uint8_t * cmd, int bits, uint32_t dwPari
        // Start of Communication (Seq. Z)
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Z;
        LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * (ToSendMax+1) - 6;
        // Start of Communication (Seq. Z)
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Z;
        LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * (ToSendMax+1) - 6;
-       last = 0;
 
        size_t bytecount = nbytes(bits);
        // Generate send structure for the data bits
 
        size_t bytecount = nbytes(bits);
        // Generate send structure for the data bits
@@ -1275,10 +1483,10 @@ void CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(const uint8_t * cmd, int bits, uint32_t dwPari
                        b >>= 1;
                }
 
                        b >>= 1;
                }
 
-               // Only transmit (last) parity bit if we transmitted a complete byte
-               if (j == 8) {
+               // Only transmit parity bit if we transmitted a complete byte
+               if (j == 8 && parity != NULL) {
                        // Get the parity bit
                        // Get the parity bit
-                       if ((dwParity >> i) & 0x01) {
+                       if (parity[i>>3] & (0x80 >> (i&0x0007))) {
                                // Sequence X
                                ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_X;
                                LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * (ToSendMax+1) - 2;
                                // Sequence X
                                ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_X;
                                LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * (ToSendMax+1) - 2;
@@ -1310,15 +1518,14 @@ void CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(const uint8_t * cmd, int bits, uint32_t dwPari
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
 
        // Convert to length of command:
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
 
        // Convert to length of command:
-       ToSendMax++;
+       ++ToSendMax;
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Prepare reader command to send to FPGA
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Prepare reader command to send to FPGA
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-void CodeIso14443aAsReaderPar(const uint8_t * cmd, int len, uint32_t dwParity)
-{
-  CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(cmd,len*8,dwParity);
+void CodeIso14443aAsReaderPar(const uint8_t *cmd, uint16_t len, const uint8_t *parity) {
+  CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(cmd, len*8, parity);
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1326,8 +1533,7 @@ void CodeIso14443aAsReaderPar(const uint8_t * cmd, int len, uint32_t dwParity)
 // Stop when button is pressed (return 1) or field was gone (return 2)
 // Or return 0 when command is captured
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Stop when button is pressed (return 1) or field was gone (return 2)
 // Or return 0 when command is captured
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-static int EmGetCmd(uint8_t *received, int *len)
-{
+int EmGetCmd(uint8_t *received, uint16_t *len, uint8_t *parity) {
        *len = 0;
 
        uint32_t timer = 0, vtime = 0;
        *len = 0;
 
        uint32_t timer = 0, vtime = 0;
@@ -1343,20 +1549,19 @@ static int EmGetCmd(uint8_t *received, int *len)
        // Set ADC to read field strength
        AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CR = AT91C_ADC_SWRST;
        AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_MR =
        // Set ADC to read field strength
        AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CR = AT91C_ADC_SWRST;
        AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_MR =
-                               ADC_MODE_PRESCALE(32) |
-                               ADC_MODE_STARTUP_TIME(16) |
-                               ADC_MODE_SAMPLE_HOLD_TIME(8);
+                               ADC_MODE_PRESCALE(63) |
+                               ADC_MODE_STARTUP_TIME(1) |
+                               ADC_MODE_SAMPLE_HOLD_TIME(15);
        AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CHER = ADC_CHANNEL(ADC_CHAN_HF);
        // start ADC
        AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CR = AT91C_ADC_START;
        
        // Now run a 'software UART' on the stream of incoming samples.
        AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CHER = ADC_CHANNEL(ADC_CHAN_HF);
        // start ADC
        AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CR = AT91C_ADC_START;
        
        // Now run a 'software UART' on the stream of incoming samples.
-       UartReset();
-       Uart.output = received;
+       UartInit(received, parity);
 
        // Clear RXRDY:
     uint8_t b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
 
        // Clear RXRDY:
     uint8_t b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
-
+       
        for(;;) {
                WDT_HIT();
 
        for(;;) {
                WDT_HIT();
 
@@ -1368,7 +1573,7 @@ static int EmGetCmd(uint8_t *received, int *len)
                        analogAVG += AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CDR[ADC_CHAN_HF];
                        AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CR = AT91C_ADC_START;
                        if (analogCnt >= 32) {
                        analogAVG += AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CDR[ADC_CHAN_HF];
                        AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CR = AT91C_ADC_START;
                        if (analogCnt >= 32) {
-                               if ((33000 * (analogAVG / analogCnt) >> 10) < MF_MINFIELDV) {
+                               if ((MAX_ADC_HF_VOLTAGE * (analogAVG / analogCnt) >> 10) < MF_MINFIELDV) {
                                        vtime = GetTickCount();
                                        if (!timer) timer = vtime;
                                        // 50ms no field --> card to idle state
                                        vtime = GetTickCount();
                                        if (!timer) timer = vtime;
                                        // 50ms no field --> card to idle state
@@ -1388,30 +1593,31 @@ static int EmGetCmd(uint8_t *received, int *len)
                                return 0;
                        }
         }
                                return 0;
                        }
         }
-
        }
 }
 
        }
 }
 
-
-static int EmSendCmd14443aRaw(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, bool correctionNeeded)
-{
+int EmSendCmd14443aRaw(uint8_t *resp, uint16_t respLen) {
        uint8_t b;
        uint16_t i = 0;
        uint32_t ThisTransferTime;
        uint8_t b;
        uint16_t i = 0;
        uint32_t ThisTransferTime;
+       bool correctionNeeded;
        
        // Modulate Manchester
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_MOD);
 
        
        // Modulate Manchester
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_MOD);
 
-       // include correction bit if necessary
-       if (Uart.parityBits & 0x01) {
-               correctionNeeded = TRUE;
+       // Include correction bit if necessary
+       if (Uart.bitCount == 7)
+       {
+               // Short tags (7 bits) don't have parity, determine the correct value from MSB
+               correctionNeeded = Uart.output[0] & 0x40;
        }
        }
-       if(correctionNeeded) {
-               // 1236, so correction bit needed
-               i = 0;
-       } else {
-               i = 1;
+       else
+       {
+               // The parity bits are left-aligned
+               correctionNeeded = Uart.parity[(Uart.len-1)/8] & (0x80 >> ((Uart.len-1) & 7));
        }
        }
+       // 1236, so correction bit needed
+       i = (correctionNeeded) ? 0 : 1;
 
        // clear receiving shift register and holding register
        while(!(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY));
 
        // clear receiving shift register and holding register
        while(!(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY));
@@ -1420,7 +1626,7 @@ static int EmSendCmd14443aRaw(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, bool correctionNeeded)
        b = AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR; (void) b;
        
        // wait for the FPGA to signal fdt_indicator == 1 (the FPGA is ready to queue new data in its delay line)
        b = AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR; (void) b;
        
        // wait for the FPGA to signal fdt_indicator == 1 (the FPGA is ready to queue new data in its delay line)
-       for (uint16_t j = 0; j < 5; j++) {      // allow timeout - better late than never
+       for (uint8_t j = 0; j < 5; j++) {       // allow timeout - better late than never
                while(!(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY));
                if (AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR) break;
        }
                while(!(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY));
                if (AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR) break;
        }
@@ -1431,105 +1637,97 @@ static int EmSendCmd14443aRaw(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, bool correctionNeeded)
        AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = SEC_F;
 
        // send cycle
        AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = SEC_F;
 
        // send cycle
-       for(; i <= respLen; ) {
+       for(; i < respLen; ) {
                if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
                        AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = resp[i++];
                        FpgaSendQueueDelay = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
                }
        
                if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
                        AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = resp[i++];
                        FpgaSendQueueDelay = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
                }
        
-               if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
-                       break;
-               }
+               if(BUTTON_PRESS()) break;
        }
 
        // Ensure that the FPGA Delay Queue is empty before we switch to TAGSIM_LISTEN again:
        }
 
        // Ensure that the FPGA Delay Queue is empty before we switch to TAGSIM_LISTEN again:
-       for (i = 0; i < 2 ; ) {
+       uint8_t fpga_queued_bits = FpgaSendQueueDelay >> 3;  // twich /8 ??   >>3, 
+       for (i = 0; i <= fpga_queued_bits/8 + 1; ) {
                if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
                        AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = SEC_F;
                        FpgaSendQueueDelay = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
                        i++;
                }
        }
                if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
                        AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = SEC_F;
                        FpgaSendQueueDelay = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
                        i++;
                }
        }
-       
-       LastTimeProxToAirStart = ThisTransferTime + (correctionNeeded?8:0);
-
+       LastTimeProxToAirStart = ThisTransferTime + (correctionNeeded ? 8 : 0);
        return 0;
 }
 
        return 0;
 }
 
-int EmSend4bitEx(uint8_t resp, bool correctionNeeded){
+int EmSend4bit(uint8_t resp){
        Code4bitAnswerAsTag(resp);
        Code4bitAnswerAsTag(resp);
-       int res = EmSendCmd14443aRaw(ToSend, ToSendMax, correctionNeeded);
+       int res = EmSendCmd14443aRaw(ToSend, ToSendMax);
        // do the tracing for the previous reader request and this tag answer:
        // do the tracing for the previous reader request and this tag answer:
+       uint8_t par[1] = {0x00};
+       GetParity(&resp, 1, par);
        EmLogTrace(Uart.output, 
                                Uart.len, 
                                Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 
                                Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 
        EmLogTrace(Uart.output, 
                                Uart.len, 
                                Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 
                                Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 
-                               Uart.parityBits,
+                               Uart.parity,
                                &resp, 
                                1, 
                                LastTimeProxToAirStart*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_TAG,
                                (LastTimeProxToAirStart + LastProxToAirDuration)*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_TAG, 
                                &resp, 
                                1, 
                                LastTimeProxToAirStart*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_TAG,
                                (LastTimeProxToAirStart + LastProxToAirDuration)*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_TAG, 
-                               SwapBits(GetParity(&resp, 1), 1));
+                               par);
        return res;
 }
 
        return res;
 }
 
-int EmSend4bit(uint8_t resp){
-       return EmSend4bitEx(resp, false);
-}
-
-int EmSendCmdExPar(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, bool correctionNeeded, uint32_t par){
+int EmSendCmdExPar(uint8_t *resp, uint16_t respLen, uint8_t *par){
        CodeIso14443aAsTagPar(resp, respLen, par);
        CodeIso14443aAsTagPar(resp, respLen, par);
-       int res = EmSendCmd14443aRaw(ToSend, ToSendMax, correctionNeeded);
+       int res = EmSendCmd14443aRaw(ToSend, ToSendMax);
        // do the tracing for the previous reader request and this tag answer:
        EmLogTrace(Uart.output, 
                                Uart.len, 
                                Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 
                                Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 
        // do the tracing for the previous reader request and this tag answer:
        EmLogTrace(Uart.output, 
                                Uart.len, 
                                Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 
                                Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 
-                               Uart.parityBits,
+                               Uart.parity,
                                resp, 
                                respLen, 
                                LastTimeProxToAirStart*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_TAG,
                                (LastTimeProxToAirStart + LastProxToAirDuration)*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_TAG, 
                                resp, 
                                respLen, 
                                LastTimeProxToAirStart*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_TAG,
                                (LastTimeProxToAirStart + LastProxToAirDuration)*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_TAG, 
-                               SwapBits(GetParity(resp, respLen), respLen));
+                               par);
        return res;
 }
 
        return res;
 }
 
-int EmSendCmdEx(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, bool correctionNeeded){
-       return EmSendCmdExPar(resp, respLen, correctionNeeded, GetParity(resp, respLen));
+int EmSendCmdEx(uint8_t *resp, uint16_t respLen){
+       uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE] = {0x00};
+       GetParity(resp, respLen, par);
+       return EmSendCmdExPar(resp, respLen, par);
 }
 
 }
 
-int EmSendCmd(uint8_t *resp, int respLen){
-       return EmSendCmdExPar(resp, respLen, false, GetParity(resp, respLen));
+int EmSendCmd(uint8_t *resp, uint16_t respLen){
+       uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE] = {0x00};
+       GetParity(resp, respLen, par);
+       return EmSendCmdExPar(resp, respLen, par);
 }
 
 }
 
-int EmSendCmdPar(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, uint32_t par){
-       return EmSendCmdExPar(resp, respLen, false, par);
+int EmSendCmdPar(uint8_t *resp, uint16_t respLen, uint8_t *par){
+       return EmSendCmdExPar(resp, respLen, par);
 }
 
 }
 
-bool EmLogTrace(uint8_t *reader_data, uint16_t reader_len, uint32_t reader_StartTime, uint32_t reader_EndTime, uint32_t reader_Parity,
-                                uint8_t *tag_data, uint16_t tag_len, uint32_t tag_StartTime, uint32_t tag_EndTime, uint32_t tag_Parity)
+bool EmLogTrace(uint8_t *reader_data, uint16_t reader_len, uint32_t reader_StartTime, uint32_t reader_EndTime, uint8_t *reader_Parity,
+                                uint8_t *tag_data, uint16_t tag_len, uint32_t tag_StartTime, uint32_t tag_EndTime, uint8_t *tag_Parity)
 {
 {
-       if (tracing) {
-               // we cannot exactly measure the end and start of a received command from reader. However we know that the delay from
-               // end of the received command to start of the tag's (simulated by us) answer is n*128+20 or n*128+84 resp.
-               // with n >= 9. The start of the tags answer can be measured and therefore the end of the received command be calculated:
-               uint16_t reader_modlen = reader_EndTime - reader_StartTime;
-               uint16_t approx_fdt = tag_StartTime - reader_EndTime;
-               uint16_t exact_fdt = (approx_fdt - 20 + 32)/64 * 64 + 20;
-               reader_EndTime = tag_StartTime - exact_fdt;
-               reader_StartTime = reader_EndTime - reader_modlen;
-               if (!LogTrace(reader_data, reader_len, reader_StartTime, reader_Parity, TRUE)) {
-                       return FALSE;
-               } else if (!LogTrace(NULL, 0, reader_EndTime, 0, TRUE)) {
-                       return FALSE;
-               } else if (!LogTrace(tag_data, tag_len, tag_StartTime, tag_Parity, FALSE)) {
-                       return FALSE;
-               } else {
-                       return (!LogTrace(NULL, 0, tag_EndTime, 0, FALSE));
-               }
-       } else {
-               return TRUE;
-       }
+       // we cannot exactly measure the end and start of a received command from reader. However we know that the delay from
+       // end of the received command to start of the tag's (simulated by us) answer is n*128+20 or n*128+84 resp.
+       // with n >= 9. The start of the tags answer can be measured and therefore the end of the received command be calculated:
+       uint16_t reader_modlen = reader_EndTime - reader_StartTime;
+       uint16_t approx_fdt = tag_StartTime - reader_EndTime;
+       uint16_t exact_fdt = (approx_fdt - 20 + 32)/64 * 64 + 20;
+       reader_EndTime = tag_StartTime - exact_fdt;
+       reader_StartTime = reader_EndTime - reader_modlen;
+               
+       if (!LogTrace(reader_data, reader_len, reader_StartTime, reader_EndTime, reader_Parity, TRUE))
+               return FALSE;
+       else 
+               return(!LogTrace(tag_data, tag_len, tag_StartTime, tag_EndTime, tag_Parity, FALSE));
+
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1537,9 +1735,8 @@ bool EmLogTrace(uint8_t *reader_data, uint16_t reader_len, uint32_t reader_Start
 //  If a response is captured return TRUE
 //  If it takes too long return FALSE
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //  If a response is captured return TRUE
 //  If it takes too long return FALSE
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-static int GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(uint8_t *receivedResponse, uint16_t offset, int maxLen)
-{
-       uint16_t c;
+static int GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(uint8_t *receivedResponse, uint8_t *receivedResponsePar, uint16_t offset) {
+       uint32_t c = 0x00;
        
        // Set FPGA mode to "reader listen mode", no modulation (listen
        // only, since we are receiving, not transmitting).
        
        // Set FPGA mode to "reader listen mode", no modulation (listen
        // only, since we are receiving, not transmitting).
@@ -1548,13 +1745,11 @@ static int GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(uint8_t *receivedResponse, uint16_t offset,
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_LISTEN);
        
        // Now get the answer from the card
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_LISTEN);
        
        // Now get the answer from the card
-       DemodReset();
-       Demod.output = receivedResponse;
+       DemodInit(receivedResponse, receivedResponsePar);
 
        // clear RXRDY:
     uint8_t b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
 
        // clear RXRDY:
     uint8_t b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
-       
-       c = 0;
+
        for(;;) {
                WDT_HIT();
 
        for(;;) {
                WDT_HIT();
 
@@ -1563,244 +1758,241 @@ static int GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(uint8_t *receivedResponse, uint16_t offset,
                        if(ManchesterDecoding(b, offset, 0)) {
                                NextTransferTime = MAX(NextTransferTime, Demod.endTime - (DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER)/16 + FRAME_DELAY_TIME_PICC_TO_PCD);
                                return TRUE;
                        if(ManchesterDecoding(b, offset, 0)) {
                                NextTransferTime = MAX(NextTransferTime, Demod.endTime - (DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER)/16 + FRAME_DELAY_TIME_PICC_TO_PCD);
                                return TRUE;
-                       } else if(c++ > iso14a_timeout) {
+                       } else if (c++ > iso14a_timeout && Demod.state == DEMOD_UNSYNCD) {
                                return FALSE; 
                        }
                }
        }
 }
 
                                return FALSE; 
                        }
                }
        }
 }
 
-void ReaderTransmitBitsPar(uint8_t* frame, int bits, uint32_t par, uint32_t *timing)
-{
+void ReaderTransmitBitsPar(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t bits, uint8_t *par, uint32_t *timing) {
 
 
-       CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(frame,bits,par);
-  
+       CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(frame, bits, par);
        // Send command to tag
        TransmitFor14443a(ToSend, ToSendMax, timing);
        // Send command to tag
        TransmitFor14443a(ToSend, ToSendMax, timing);
-       if(trigger)
-               LED_A_ON();
+       if(trigger) LED_A_ON();
   
   
-       // Log reader command in trace buffer
-       if (tracing) {
-               LogTrace(frame, nbytes(bits), LastTimeProxToAirStart*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER, par, TRUE);
-               LogTrace(NULL, 0, (LastTimeProxToAirStart + LastProxToAirDuration)*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER, 0, TRUE);
-       }
+       LogTrace(frame, nbytes(bits), (LastTimeProxToAirStart<<4) + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER, ((LastTimeProxToAirStart + LastProxToAirDuration)<<4) + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER, par, TRUE);
 }
 
 }
 
-void ReaderTransmitPar(uint8_t* frame, int len, uint32_t par, uint32_t *timing)
-{
-  ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame,len*8,par, timing);
+void ReaderTransmitPar(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t len, uint8_t *par, uint32_t *timing) {
+  ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame, len*8, par, timing);
 }
 
 }
 
-void ReaderTransmitBits(uint8_t* frame, int len, uint32_t *timing)
-{
-  // Generate parity and redirect
-  ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame,len,GetParity(frame,len/8), timing);
+void ReaderTransmitBits(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t len, uint32_t *timing) {
+       // Generate parity and redirect
+       uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE] = {0x00};
+       GetParity(frame, len/8, par);  
+       ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame, len, par, timing);
 }
 
 }
 
-void ReaderTransmit(uint8_t* frame, int len, uint32_t *timing)
-{
-  // Generate parity and redirect
-  ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame,len*8,GetParity(frame,len), timing);
+void ReaderTransmit(uint8_t* frame, uint16_t len, uint32_t *timing) {
+       // Generate parity and redirect
+       uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE] = {0x00};
+       GetParity(frame, len, par);
+       ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame, len*8, par, timing);
 }
 
 }
 
-int ReaderReceiveOffset(uint8_t* receivedAnswer, uint16_t offset)
-{
-       if (!GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(receivedAnswer,offset,160)) return FALSE;
-       if (tracing) {
-               LogTrace(receivedAnswer, Demod.len, Demod.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, Demod.parityBits, FALSE);
-               LogTrace(NULL, 0, Demod.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, 0, FALSE);
-       }
+int ReaderReceiveOffset(uint8_t* receivedAnswer, uint16_t offset, uint8_t *parity) {
+       if (!GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(receivedAnswer, parity, offset))
+               return FALSE;
+       LogTrace(receivedAnswer, Demod.len, Demod.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, Demod.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, parity, FALSE);
        return Demod.len;
 }
 
        return Demod.len;
 }
 
-int ReaderReceive(uint8_t* receivedAnswer)
-{
-       return ReaderReceiveOffset(receivedAnswer, 0);
+int ReaderReceive(uint8_t *receivedAnswer, uint8_t *parity) {
+       if (!GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(receivedAnswer, parity, 0))
+               return FALSE;
+       LogTrace(receivedAnswer, Demod.len, Demod.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, Demod.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, parity, FALSE);
+       return Demod.len;
 }
 
 }
 
-int ReaderReceivePar(uint8_t *receivedAnswer, uint32_t *parptr)
-{
-       if (!GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(receivedAnswer,0,160)) return FALSE;
-       if (tracing) {
-               LogTrace(receivedAnswer, Demod.len, Demod.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, Demod.parityBits, FALSE);
-               LogTrace(NULL, 0, Demod.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, 0, FALSE);
+// performs iso14443a anticollision (optional) and card select procedure
+// fills the uid and cuid pointer unless NULL
+// fills the card info record unless NULL
+// if anticollision is false, then the UID must be provided in uid_ptr[] 
+// and num_cascades must be set (1: 4 Byte UID, 2: 7 Byte UID, 3: 10 Byte UID)
+int iso14443a_select_card(byte_t *uid_ptr, iso14a_card_select_t *p_hi14a_card, uint32_t *cuid_ptr, bool anticollision, uint8_t num_cascades) {
+       uint8_t wupa[]       = { ISO14443A_CMD_WUPA };  // 0x26 - ISO14443A_CMD_REQA  0x52 - ISO14443A_CMD_WUPA
+       uint8_t sel_all[]    = { ISO14443A_CMD_ANTICOLL_OR_SELECT,0x20 };
+       uint8_t sel_uid[]    = { ISO14443A_CMD_ANTICOLL_OR_SELECT,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00};
+       uint8_t rats[]       = { ISO14443A_CMD_RATS,0x80,0x00,0x00 }; // FSD=256, FSDI=8, CID=0
+       uint8_t resp[MAX_FRAME_SIZE] = {0}; // theoretically. A usual RATS will be much smaller
+       uint8_t resp_par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE] = {0};
+       byte_t uid_resp[4] = {0};
+       size_t uid_resp_len = 0;
+
+       uint8_t sak = 0x04; // cascade uid
+       int cascade_level = 0;
+       int len;
+
+       // Broadcast for a card, WUPA (0x52) will force response from all cards in the field
+    ReaderTransmitBitsPar(wupa, 7, NULL, NULL);
+       
+       // Receive the ATQA
+       if(!ReaderReceive(resp, resp_par)) return 0;
+
+       if(p_hi14a_card) {
+               memcpy(p_hi14a_card->atqa, resp, 2);
+               p_hi14a_card->uidlen = 0;
+               memset(p_hi14a_card->uid,0,10);
+       }
+
+       if (anticollision) {
+               // clear uid
+               if (uid_ptr)
+                       memset(uid_ptr,0,10);
        }
        }
-       *parptr = Demod.parityBits;
-       return Demod.len;
-}
 
 
-/* performs iso14443a anticollision procedure
- * fills the uid pointer unless NULL
- * fills resp_data unless NULL */
-int iso14443a_select_card(byte_t* uid_ptr, iso14a_card_select_t* p_hi14a_card, uint32_t* cuid_ptr) {
-  uint8_t wupa[]       = { 0x52 };  // 0x26 - REQA  0x52 - WAKE-UP
-  uint8_t sel_all[]    = { 0x93,0x20 };
-  uint8_t sel_uid[]    = { 0x93,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00};
-  uint8_t rats[]       = { 0xE0,0x80,0x00,0x00 }; // FSD=256, FSDI=8, CID=0
-  uint8_t* resp = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + FREE_BUFFER_OFFSET);  // was 3560 - tied to other size changes
-  byte_t uid_resp[4];
-  size_t uid_resp_len;
-
-  uint8_t sak = 0x04; // cascade uid
-  int cascade_level = 0;
-  int len;
-        
-  // Broadcast for a card, WUPA (0x52) will force response from all cards in the field
-    ReaderTransmitBitsPar(wupa,7,0, NULL);
-       
-  // Receive the ATQA
-  if(!ReaderReceive(resp)) return 0;
-  // Dbprintf("atqa: %02x %02x",resp[0],resp[1]);
-
-  if(p_hi14a_card) {
-    memcpy(p_hi14a_card->atqa, resp, 2);
-    p_hi14a_card->uidlen = 0;
-    memset(p_hi14a_card->uid,0,10);
-  }
-
-  // clear uid
-  if (uid_ptr) {
-    memset(uid_ptr,0,10);
-  }
-
-  // OK we will select at least at cascade 1, lets see if first byte of UID was 0x88 in
-  // which case we need to make a cascade 2 request and select - this is a long UID
-  // While the UID is not complete, the 3nd bit (from the right) is set in the SAK.
-  for(; sak & 0x04; cascade_level++) {
-    // SELECT_* (L1: 0x93, L2: 0x95, L3: 0x97)
-    sel_uid[0] = sel_all[0] = 0x93 + cascade_level * 2;
-
-    // SELECT_ALL
-    ReaderTransmit(sel_all,sizeof(sel_all), NULL);
-    if (!ReaderReceive(resp)) return 0;
-
-       if (Demod.collisionPos) {                       // we had a collision and need to construct the UID bit by bit
-               memset(uid_resp, 0, 4);
-               uint16_t uid_resp_bits = 0;
-               uint16_t collision_answer_offset = 0;
-               // anti-collision-loop:
-               while (Demod.collisionPos) {
-                       Dbprintf("Multiple tags detected. Collision after Bit %d", Demod.collisionPos);
-                       for (uint16_t i = collision_answer_offset; i < Demod.collisionPos; i++, uid_resp_bits++) {      // add valid UID bits before collision point
-                               uint16_t UIDbit = (resp[i/8] >> (i % 8)) & 0x01;
-                               uid_resp[uid_resp_bits & 0xf8] |= UIDbit << (uid_resp_bits % 8);
+       // reset the PCB block number
+       iso14_pcb_blocknum = 0;
+       
+       // check for proprietary anticollision:
+       if ((resp[0] & 0x1F) == 0) return 3;
+       
+       // OK we will select at least at cascade 1, lets see if first byte of UID was 0x88 in
+       // which case we need to make a cascade 2 request and select - this is a long UID
+       // While the UID is not complete, the 3nd bit (from the right) is set in the SAK.
+       for(; sak & 0x04; cascade_level++) {
+               // SELECT_* (L1: 0x93, L2: 0x95, L3: 0x97)
+               sel_uid[0] = sel_all[0] = 0x93 + cascade_level * 2;
+
+               if (anticollision) {
+               // SELECT_ALL
+                       ReaderTransmit(sel_all, sizeof(sel_all), NULL);
+                       if (!ReaderReceive(resp, resp_par)) return 0;
+
+                       if (Demod.collisionPos) {                       // we had a collision and need to construct the UID bit by bit
+                               memset(uid_resp, 0, 4);
+                               uint16_t uid_resp_bits = 0;
+                               uint16_t collision_answer_offset = 0;
+                               // anti-collision-loop:
+                               while (Demod.collisionPos) {
+                                       Dbprintf("Multiple tags detected. Collision after Bit %d", Demod.collisionPos);
+                                       for (uint16_t i = collision_answer_offset; i < Demod.collisionPos; i++, uid_resp_bits++) {      // add valid UID bits before collision point
+                                               uint16_t UIDbit = (resp[i/8] >> (i % 8)) & 0x01;
+                                               uid_resp[uid_resp_bits / 8] |= UIDbit << (uid_resp_bits % 8);
+                                       }
+                                       uid_resp[uid_resp_bits/8] |= 1 << (uid_resp_bits % 8);                                  // next time select the card(s) with a 1 in the collision position
+                                       uid_resp_bits++;
+                                       // construct anticollosion command:
+                                       sel_uid[1] = ((2 + uid_resp_bits/8) << 4) | (uid_resp_bits & 0x07);     // length of data in bytes and bits
+                                       for (uint16_t i = 0; i <= uid_resp_bits/8; i++) {
+                                               sel_uid[2+i] = uid_resp[i];
+                                       }
+                                       collision_answer_offset = uid_resp_bits%8;
+                                       ReaderTransmitBits(sel_uid, 16 + uid_resp_bits, NULL);
+                                       if (!ReaderReceiveOffset(resp, collision_answer_offset, resp_par)) return 0;
+                               }
+                               // finally, add the last bits and BCC of the UID
+                               for (uint16_t i = collision_answer_offset; i < (Demod.len-1)*8; i++, uid_resp_bits++) {
+                                       uint16_t UIDbit = (resp[i/8] >> (i%8)) & 0x01;
+                                       uid_resp[uid_resp_bits/8] |= UIDbit << (uid_resp_bits % 8);
+                               }
+
+                       } else {                // no collision, use the response to SELECT_ALL as current uid
+                               memcpy(uid_resp, resp, 4);
                        }
                        }
-                       uid_resp[uid_resp_bits/8] |= 1 << (uid_resp_bits % 8);                                  // next time select the card(s) with a 1 in the collision position
-                       uid_resp_bits++;
-                       // construct anticollosion command:
-                       sel_uid[1] = ((2 + uid_resp_bits/8) << 4) | (uid_resp_bits & 0x07);     // length of data in bytes and bits
-                       for (uint16_t i = 0; i <= uid_resp_bits/8; i++) {
-                               sel_uid[2+i] = uid_resp[i];
+                       
+               } else {
+                       if (cascade_level < num_cascades - 1) {
+                               uid_resp[0] = 0x88;
+                               memcpy(uid_resp+1, uid_ptr+cascade_level*3, 3);
+                       } else {
+                               memcpy(uid_resp, uid_ptr+cascade_level*3, 4);
                        }
                        }
-                       collision_answer_offset = uid_resp_bits%8;
-                       ReaderTransmitBits(sel_uid, 16 + uid_resp_bits, NULL);
-                       if (!ReaderReceiveOffset(resp, collision_answer_offset)) return 0;
                }
                }
-               // finally, add the last bits and BCC of the UID
-               for (uint16_t i = collision_answer_offset; i < (Demod.len-1)*8; i++, uid_resp_bits++) {
-                       uint16_t UIDbit = (resp[i/8] >> (i%8)) & 0x01;
-                       uid_resp[uid_resp_bits/8] |= UIDbit << (uid_resp_bits % 8);
-               }
-
-       } else {                // no collision, use the response to SELECT_ALL as current uid
-               memcpy(uid_resp,resp,4);
-       }
-       uid_resp_len = 4;
-
+               uid_resp_len = 4;
 
 
-    // calculate crypto UID. Always use last 4 Bytes.
-    if(cuid_ptr) {
-        *cuid_ptr = bytes_to_num(uid_resp, 4);
-    }
+               // calculate crypto UID. Always use last 4 Bytes.
+               if(cuid_ptr)
+                       *cuid_ptr = bytes_to_num(uid_resp, 4);
 
 
-    // Construct SELECT UID command
-       sel_uid[1] = 0x70;                                                                                                      // transmitting a full UID (1 Byte cmd, 1 Byte NVB, 4 Byte UID, 1 Byte BCC, 2 Bytes CRC)
-    memcpy(sel_uid+2,uid_resp,4);                                                                              // the UID
-       sel_uid[6] = sel_uid[2] ^ sel_uid[3] ^ sel_uid[4] ^ sel_uid[5];         // calculate and add BCC
-    AppendCrc14443a(sel_uid,7);                                                                                        // calculate and add CRC
-    ReaderTransmit(sel_uid,sizeof(sel_uid), NULL);
-
-    // Receive the SAK
-    if (!ReaderReceive(resp)) return 0;
-    sak = resp[0];
-
-       //Dbprintf("SAK: %02x",resp[0]);
-       
-    // Test if more parts of the uid are comming
-    if ((sak & 0x04) /* && uid_resp[0] == 0x88 */) {
-      // Remove first byte, 0x88 is not an UID byte, it CT, see page 3 of:
-      // http://www.nxp.com/documents/application_note/AN10927.pdf
-      // This was earlier:
-         //memcpy(uid_resp, uid_resp + 1, 3);
-         // But memcpy should not be used for overlapping arrays,
-         // and memmove appears to not be available in the arm build.
-         // So this has been replaced with a for-loop:
-         for(int xx = 0; xx < 3; xx++) 
-            uid_resp[xx] = uid_resp[xx+1];
-      uid_resp_len = 3;
-    }
+               // Construct SELECT UID command
+               sel_uid[1] = 0x70;                                                                                                      // transmitting a full UID (1 Byte cmd, 1 Byte NVB, 4 Byte UID, 1 Byte BCC, 2 Bytes CRC)
+               memcpy(sel_uid+2, uid_resp, 4);                                                                         // the UID received during anticollision, or the provided UID
+               sel_uid[6] = sel_uid[2] ^ sel_uid[3] ^ sel_uid[4] ^ sel_uid[5];         // calculate and add BCC
+               AppendCrc14443a(sel_uid, 7);                                                                            // calculate and add CRC
+               ReaderTransmit(sel_uid, sizeof(sel_uid), NULL);
 
 
-    if(uid_ptr) {
-      memcpy(uid_ptr + (cascade_level*3), uid_resp, uid_resp_len);
-    }
+               // Receive the SAK
+               if (!ReaderReceive(resp, resp_par)) return 0;
+               
+               sak = resp[0];
+
+               // Test if more parts of the uid are coming
+               if ((sak & 0x04) /* && uid_resp[0] == 0x88 */) {
+                       // Remove first byte, 0x88 is not an UID byte, it CT, see page 3 of:
+                       // http://www.nxp.com/documents/application_note/AN10927.pdf
+                       uid_resp[0] = uid_resp[1];
+                       uid_resp[1] = uid_resp[2];
+                       uid_resp[2] = uid_resp[3]; 
+                       uid_resp_len = 3;
+               }
 
 
-    if(p_hi14a_card) {
-      memcpy(p_hi14a_card->uid + (cascade_level*3), uid_resp, uid_resp_len);
-      p_hi14a_card->uidlen += uid_resp_len;
-    }
-  }
+               if(uid_ptr && anticollision)
+                       memcpy(uid_ptr + (cascade_level*3), uid_resp, uid_resp_len);
 
 
-  if(p_hi14a_card) {
-    p_hi14a_card->sak = sak;
-    p_hi14a_card->ats_len = 0;
-  }
+               if(p_hi14a_card) {
+                       memcpy(p_hi14a_card->uid + (cascade_level*3), uid_resp, uid_resp_len);
+                       p_hi14a_card->uidlen += uid_resp_len;
+               }
+       }
 
 
-  if( (sak & 0x20) == 0) {
-    return 2; // non iso14443a compliant tag
-  }
+       if(p_hi14a_card) {
+               p_hi14a_card->sak = sak;
+               p_hi14a_card->ats_len = 0;
+       }
 
 
-  // Request for answer to select
-  AppendCrc14443a(rats, 2);
-  ReaderTransmit(rats, sizeof(rats), NULL);
+       // non iso14443a compliant tag
+       if( (sak & 0x20) == 0) return 2; 
 
 
-  if (!(len = ReaderReceive(resp))) return 0;
+       // Request for answer to select
+       AppendCrc14443a(rats, 2);
+       ReaderTransmit(rats, sizeof(rats), NULL);
 
 
-  if(p_hi14a_card) {
-    memcpy(p_hi14a_card->ats, resp, sizeof(p_hi14a_card->ats));
-    p_hi14a_card->ats_len = len;
-  }
+       if (!(len = ReaderReceive(resp, resp_par))) return 0;
+       
+       if(p_hi14a_card) {
+               memcpy(p_hi14a_card->ats, resp, sizeof(p_hi14a_card->ats));
+               p_hi14a_card->ats_len = len;
+       }
 
 
-  // reset the PCB block number
-  iso14_pcb_blocknum = 0;
-  return 1;
+       // set default timeout based on ATS
+       iso14a_set_ATS_timeout(resp);
+       return 1;       
 }
 
 void iso14443a_setup(uint8_t fpga_minor_mode) {
 }
 
 void iso14443a_setup(uint8_t fpga_minor_mode) {
+
        FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_HF);
        // Set up the synchronous serial port
        FpgaSetupSsc();
        // connect Demodulated Signal to ADC:
        SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_HIPKD);
 
        FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_HF);
        // Set up the synchronous serial port
        FpgaSetupSsc();
        // connect Demodulated Signal to ADC:
        SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_HIPKD);
 
+       LED_D_OFF();
        // Signal field is on with the appropriate LED
        // Signal field is on with the appropriate LED
-       if (fpga_minor_mode == FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD     || fpga_minor_mode == FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_LISTEN) {
+       if (fpga_minor_mode == FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD ||
+               fpga_minor_mode == FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_LISTEN)
                LED_D_ON();
                LED_D_ON();
-       } else {
-               LED_D_OFF();
-       }
+
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | fpga_minor_mode);
 
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | fpga_minor_mode);
 
+       SpinDelay(20);
+       
        // Start the timer
        StartCountSspClk();
        
        // Start the timer
        StartCountSspClk();
        
+       // Prepare the demodulation functions
        DemodReset();
        UartReset();
        DemodReset();
        UartReset();
-       NextTransferTime = 2*DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER;
-       iso14a_set_timeout(1050); // 10ms default  10*105 = 
+       NextTransferTime = 2 * DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER;
+       iso14a_set_timeout(10*106); // 20ms default     
 }
 
 }
 
-int iso14_apdu(uint8_t * cmd, size_t cmd_len, void * data) {
+int iso14_apdu(uint8_t *cmd, uint16_t cmd_len, void *data) {
+       uint8_t parity[MAX_PARITY_SIZE] = {0x00};
        uint8_t real_cmd[cmd_len+4];
        real_cmd[0] = 0x0a; //I-Block
        // put block number into the PCB
        uint8_t real_cmd[cmd_len+4];
        real_cmd[0] = 0x0a; //I-Block
        // put block number into the PCB
@@ -1810,273 +2002,358 @@ int iso14_apdu(uint8_t * cmd, size_t cmd_len, void * data) {
        AppendCrc14443a(real_cmd,cmd_len+2);
  
        ReaderTransmit(real_cmd, cmd_len+4, NULL);
        AppendCrc14443a(real_cmd,cmd_len+2);
  
        ReaderTransmit(real_cmd, cmd_len+4, NULL);
-       size_t len = ReaderReceive(data);
-       uint8_t * data_bytes = (uint8_t *) data;
-       if (!len)
-               return 0; //DATA LINK ERROR
+       size_t len = ReaderReceive(data, parity);
+        //DATA LINK ERROR
+       if (!len) return 0;
+       
+       uint8_t *data_bytes = (uint8_t *) data;
+
        // if we received an I- or R(ACK)-Block with a block number equal to the
        // current block number, toggle the current block number
        // if we received an I- or R(ACK)-Block with a block number equal to the
        // current block number, toggle the current block number
-       else if (len >= 4 // PCB+CID+CRC = 4 bytes
+       if (len >= 4 // PCB+CID+CRC = 4 bytes
                 && ((data_bytes[0] & 0xC0) == 0 // I-Block
                     || (data_bytes[0] & 0xD0) == 0x80) // R-Block with ACK bit set to 0
                 && (data_bytes[0] & 0x01) == iso14_pcb_blocknum) // equal block numbers
        {
                iso14_pcb_blocknum ^= 1;
        }
                 && ((data_bytes[0] & 0xC0) == 0 // I-Block
                     || (data_bytes[0] & 0xD0) == 0x80) // R-Block with ACK bit set to 0
                 && (data_bytes[0] & 0x01) == iso14_pcb_blocknum) // equal block numbers
        {
                iso14_pcb_blocknum ^= 1;
        }
-
        return len;
 }
 
        return len;
 }
 
+
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Read an ISO 14443a tag. Send out commands and store answers.
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Read an ISO 14443a tag. Send out commands and store answers.
-//
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-void ReaderIso14443a(UsbCommand *c)
-{
+void ReaderIso14443a(UsbCommand *c) {
        iso14a_command_t param = c->arg[0];
        iso14a_command_t param = c->arg[0];
-       uint8_t *cmd = c->d.asBytes;
-       size_t len = c->arg[1] & 0xFFFF;
+       size_t len = c->arg[1] & 0xffff;
        size_t lenbits = c->arg[1] >> 16;
        size_t lenbits = c->arg[1] >> 16;
+       uint32_t timeout = c->arg[2];
+       uint8_t *cmd = c->d.asBytes;
        uint32_t arg0 = 0;
        uint32_t arg0 = 0;
-       byte_t buf[USB_CMD_DATA_SIZE];
+       byte_t buf[USB_CMD_DATA_SIZE] = {0x00};
+       uint8_t par[MAX_PARITY_SIZE] = {0x00};
   
   
-       if(param & ISO14A_CONNECT) {
-               iso14a_clear_trace();
-       }
+       if (param & ISO14A_CONNECT)
+               clear_trace();
 
 
-       iso14a_set_tracing(TRUE);
+       set_tracing(TRUE);
 
 
-       if(param & ISO14A_REQUEST_TRIGGER) {
+       if (param & ISO14A_REQUEST_TRIGGER)
                iso14a_set_trigger(TRUE);
                iso14a_set_trigger(TRUE);
-       }
 
 
-       if(param & ISO14A_CONNECT) {
+       if (param & ISO14A_CONNECT) {
                iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_LISTEN);
                if(!(param & ISO14A_NO_SELECT)) {
                        iso14a_card_select_t *card = (iso14a_card_select_t*)buf;
                iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_LISTEN);
                if(!(param & ISO14A_NO_SELECT)) {
                        iso14a_card_select_t *card = (iso14a_card_select_t*)buf;
-                       arg0 = iso14443a_select_card(NULL,card,NULL);
-                       cmd_send(CMD_ACK,arg0,card->uidlen,0,buf,sizeof(iso14a_card_select_t));
+                       arg0 = iso14443a_select_card(NULL,card,NULL, true, 0);
+                       cmd_send(CMD_ACK, arg0, card->uidlen, 0, buf, sizeof(iso14a_card_select_t));
+                       // if it fails,  the cmdhf14a.c client quites.. however this one still executes.
+                       if ( arg0 == 0 ) return;
                }
        }
 
                }
        }
 
-       if(param & ISO14A_SET_TIMEOUT) {
-               iso14a_set_timeout(c->arg[2]);
-       }
+       if (param & ISO14A_SET_TIMEOUT)
+               iso14a_set_timeout(timeout);
 
 
-       if(param & ISO14A_APDU) {
+       if (param & ISO14A_APDU) {
                arg0 = iso14_apdu(cmd, len, buf);
                cmd_send(CMD_ACK,arg0,0,0,buf,sizeof(buf));
        }
 
                arg0 = iso14_apdu(cmd, len, buf);
                cmd_send(CMD_ACK,arg0,0,0,buf,sizeof(buf));
        }
 
-       if(param & ISO14A_RAW) {
-               if(param & ISO14A_APPEND_CRC) {
-                       AppendCrc14443a(cmd,len);
+       if (param & ISO14A_RAW) {
+               if (param & ISO14A_APPEND_CRC) {
+                       if (param & ISO14A_TOPAZMODE)
+                               AppendCrc14443b(cmd,len);
+                       else
+                               AppendCrc14443a(cmd,len);
+                       
                        len += 2;
                        len += 2;
-                       if(lenbits>0) 
-                               lenbits += 16; 
+                       if (lenbits) lenbits += 16;
                }
                }
-               if(lenbits>0) {                 
-                       ReaderTransmitBitsPar(cmd,lenbits,GetParity(cmd,lenbits/8), NULL);
+               if (lenbits>0) {                                // want to send a specific number of bits (e.g. short commands)
+                       if (param & ISO14A_TOPAZMODE) {
+                               int bits_to_send = lenbits;
+                               uint16_t i = 0;
+                               ReaderTransmitBitsPar(&cmd[i++], MIN(bits_to_send, 7), NULL, NULL);             // first byte is always short (7bits) and no parity
+                               bits_to_send -= 7;
+                               while (bits_to_send > 0) {
+                                       ReaderTransmitBitsPar(&cmd[i++], MIN(bits_to_send, 8), NULL, NULL);     // following bytes are 8 bit and no parity
+                                       bits_to_send -= 8;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                       GetParity(cmd, lenbits/8, par);
+                               ReaderTransmitBitsPar(cmd, lenbits, par, NULL);                                                 // bytes are 8 bit with odd parity
+                       }
+               } else {                                        // want to send complete bytes only
+                       if (param & ISO14A_TOPAZMODE) {
+                               uint16_t i = 0;
+                               ReaderTransmitBitsPar(&cmd[i++], 7, NULL, NULL);                                                // first byte: 7 bits, no paritiy
+                               while (i < len) {
+                                       ReaderTransmitBitsPar(&cmd[i++], 8, NULL, NULL);                                        // following bytes: 8 bits, no paritiy
+                               }
                } else {
                } else {
-                       ReaderTransmit(cmd,len, NULL);
+                               ReaderTransmit(cmd,len, NULL);                                                                                  // 8 bits, odd parity
+                       }
                }
                }
-               arg0 = ReaderReceive(buf);
+               arg0 = ReaderReceive(buf, par);
                cmd_send(CMD_ACK,arg0,0,0,buf,sizeof(buf));
        }
 
                cmd_send(CMD_ACK,arg0,0,0,buf,sizeof(buf));
        }
 
-       if(param & ISO14A_REQUEST_TRIGGER) {
+       if (param & ISO14A_REQUEST_TRIGGER)
                iso14a_set_trigger(FALSE);
                iso14a_set_trigger(FALSE);
-       }
 
 
-       if(param & ISO14A_NO_DISCONNECT) {
+       if (param & ISO14A_NO_DISCONNECT)
                return;
                return;
-       }
 
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
 
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
+       set_tracing(FALSE);
        LEDsoff();
 }
 
        LEDsoff();
 }
 
-
 // Determine the distance between two nonces.
 // Assume that the difference is small, but we don't know which is first.
 // Therefore try in alternating directions.
 int32_t dist_nt(uint32_t nt1, uint32_t nt2) {
 
 // Determine the distance between two nonces.
 // Assume that the difference is small, but we don't know which is first.
 // Therefore try in alternating directions.
 int32_t dist_nt(uint32_t nt1, uint32_t nt2) {
 
-       uint16_t i;
-       uint32_t nttmp1, nttmp2;
-
        if (nt1 == nt2) return 0;
        if (nt1 == nt2) return 0;
-
-       nttmp1 = nt1;
-       nttmp2 = nt2;
        
        
-       for (i = 1; i < 32768; i++) {
-               nttmp1 = prng_successor(nttmp1, 1);
-               if (nttmp1 == nt2) return i;
-               nttmp2 = prng_successor(nttmp2, 1);
-                       if (nttmp2 == nt1) return -i;
-               }
-       
-       return(-99999); // either nt1 or nt2 are invalid nonces
+       uint32_t nttmp1 = nt1;
+       uint32_t nttmp2 = nt2;
+
+       // 0xFFFF -- Half up and half down to find distance between nonces
+       for (uint16_t i = 1; i < 32768/8; i += 8) {
+               nttmp1 = prng_successor(nttmp1, 1);     if (nttmp1 == nt2) return i;
+               nttmp1 = prng_successor(nttmp1, 1);     if (nttmp1 == nt2) return i+1;
+               nttmp1 = prng_successor(nttmp1, 1);     if (nttmp1 == nt2) return i+2;
+               nttmp1 = prng_successor(nttmp1, 1);     if (nttmp1 == nt2) return i+3;
+               nttmp1 = prng_successor(nttmp1, 1);     if (nttmp1 == nt2) return i+4;
+               nttmp1 = prng_successor(nttmp1, 1);     if (nttmp1 == nt2) return i+5;
+               nttmp1 = prng_successor(nttmp1, 1);     if (nttmp1 == nt2) return i+6;
+               nttmp1 = prng_successor(nttmp1, 1);     if (nttmp1 == nt2) return i+7;
+               
+               nttmp2 = prng_successor(nttmp2, 1);     if (nttmp2 == nt1) return -i;
+               nttmp2 = prng_successor(nttmp2, 1);     if (nttmp2 == nt1) return -(i+1);
+               nttmp2 = prng_successor(nttmp2, 1);     if (nttmp2 == nt1) return -(i+2);
+               nttmp2 = prng_successor(nttmp2, 1);     if (nttmp2 == nt1) return -(i+3);
+               nttmp2 = prng_successor(nttmp2, 1);     if (nttmp2 == nt1) return -(i+4);
+               nttmp2 = prng_successor(nttmp2, 1);     if (nttmp2 == nt1) return -(i+5);
+               nttmp2 = prng_successor(nttmp2, 1);     if (nttmp2 == nt1) return -(i+6);
+               nttmp2 = prng_successor(nttmp2, 1);     if (nttmp2 == nt1) return -(i+7);               
+       }
+       // either nt1 or nt2 are invalid nonces 
+       return(-99999); 
 }
 
 }
 
-
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Recover several bits of the cypher stream. This implements (first stages of)
 // the algorithm described in "The Dark Side of Security by Obscurity and
 // Cloning MiFare Classic Rail and Building Passes, Anywhere, Anytime"
 // (article by Nicolas T. Courtois, 2009)
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Recover several bits of the cypher stream. This implements (first stages of)
 // the algorithm described in "The Dark Side of Security by Obscurity and
 // Cloning MiFare Classic Rail and Building Passes, Anywhere, Anytime"
 // (article by Nicolas T. Courtois, 2009)
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-void ReaderMifare(bool first_try)
-{
-       // Mifare AUTH
-       uint8_t mf_auth[]    = { 0x60,0x00,0xf5,0x7b };
-       uint8_t mf_nr_ar[]   = { 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 };
-       static uint8_t mf_nr_ar3;
-
-       uint8_t* receivedAnswer = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + FREE_BUFFER_OFFSET);
-
-       iso14a_clear_trace();
-       iso14a_set_tracing(TRUE);
 
 
+void ReaderMifare(bool first_try, uint8_t block, uint8_t keytype ) {
+       
+       uint8_t mf_auth[]       = { keytype, block, 0x00, 0x00 };
+       uint8_t mf_nr_ar[]      = { 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 };
+       uint8_t uid[10]         = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
+       uint8_t par_list[8]     = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
+       uint8_t ks_list[8]      = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
+       uint8_t receivedAnswer[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE] = {0x00};
+       uint8_t receivedAnswerPar[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE] = {0x00};
+       uint8_t par[1] = {0};   // maximum 8 Bytes to be sent here, 1 byte parity is therefore enough
        byte_t nt_diff = 0;
        byte_t nt_diff = 0;
-       byte_t par = 0;
-       //byte_t par_mask = 0xff;
-       static byte_t par_low = 0;
-       bool led_on = TRUE;
-       uint8_t uid[10];
-       uint32_t cuid;
-
        uint32_t nt = 0;
        uint32_t nt = 0;
-       uint32_t previous_nt = 0;
-       static uint32_t nt_attacked = 0;
-       byte_t par_list[8] = {0x00};
-       byte_t ks_list[8] = {0x00};
-
-       static uint32_t sync_time;
-       static uint32_t sync_cycles;
-       int catch_up_cycles = 0;
-       int last_catch_up = 0;
+       uint32_t previous_nt = 0;       
+       uint32_t cuid = 0;
+       
+       int32_t catch_up_cycles = 0;
+       int32_t last_catch_up = 0;
+       int32_t isOK = 0;
+       int32_t nt_distance = 0;
+       
+       uint16_t elapsed_prng_sequences = 1;
        uint16_t consecutive_resyncs = 0;
        uint16_t consecutive_resyncs = 0;
-       int isOK = 0;
+       uint16_t unexpected_random = 0;
+       uint16_t sync_tries = 0;
 
 
-       if (first_try) { 
+       // static variables here, is re-used in the next call
+       static uint32_t nt_attacked = 0;
+       static uint32_t sync_time = 0;
+       static uint32_t sync_cycles = 0;
+       static uint8_t par_low = 0;
+       static uint8_t mf_nr_ar3 = 0;
+       
+       #define PRNG_SEQUENCE_LENGTH    (1 << 16)
+       #define MAX_UNEXPECTED_RANDOM   4               // maximum number of unexpected (i.e. real) random numbers when trying to sync. Then give up.
+       #define MAX_SYNC_TRIES          32
+       
+       AppendCrc14443a(mf_auth, 2);
+       
+       BigBuf_free(); BigBuf_Clear_ext(false); 
+       clear_trace();
+       set_tracing(FALSE);     
+       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);
+
+       sync_time = GetCountSspClk() & 0xfffffff8;
+       sync_cycles = PRNG_SEQUENCE_LENGTH; // Mifare Classic's random generator repeats every 2^16 cycles (and so do the nonces).              
+       nt_attacked = 0;
+       
+   if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)       Dbprintf("Mifare::Sync %u", sync_time);
+                               
+       if (first_try) {
                mf_nr_ar3 = 0;
                mf_nr_ar3 = 0;
-               iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);
-               sync_time = GetCountSspClk() & 0xfffffff8;
-               sync_cycles = 65536;                                                                    // theory: Mifare Classic's random generator repeats every 2^16 cycles (and so do the nonces).
-               nt_attacked = 0;
-               nt = 0;
-               par = 0;
-       }
-       else {
-               // we were unsuccessful on a previous call. Try another READER nonce (first 3 parity bits remain the same)
-               // nt_attacked = prng_successor(nt_attacked, 1);
-               mf_nr_ar3++;
+               par_low = 0;
+       } else {
+               // we were unsuccessful on a previous call. 
+               // Try another READER nonce (first 3 parity bits remain the same)
+               ++mf_nr_ar3;
                mf_nr_ar[3] = mf_nr_ar3;
                mf_nr_ar[3] = mf_nr_ar3;
-               par = par_low;
+               par[0] = par_low;
        }
 
        }
 
-       LED_A_ON();
-       LED_B_OFF();
-       LED_C_OFF();
-       
-  
-    Dbprintf("Mifare: Before loopen");
-       for(uint16_t i = 0; TRUE; i++) {
-               
+       bool have_uid = FALSE;
+       uint8_t cascade_levels = 0;
+
+       LED_C_ON(); 
+       uint16_t i;
+       for(i = 0; TRUE; ++i) {
+
                WDT_HIT();
 
                // Test if the action was cancelled
                if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
                WDT_HIT();
 
                // Test if the action was cancelled
                if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
+                       isOK = -1;
                        break;
                }
                
                        break;
                }
                
-               LED_C_ON();
-
-               if(!iso14443a_select_card(uid, NULL, &cuid)) {
-                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   Dbprintf("Mifare: Can't select card");
-                       continue;
+               // this part is from Piwi's faster nonce collecting part in Hardnested.
+               if (!have_uid) { // need a full select cycle to get the uid first
+                       iso14a_card_select_t card_info;         
+                       if(!iso14443a_select_card(uid, &card_info, &cuid, true, 0)) {
+                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)   Dbprintf("Mifare: Can't select card (ALL)");
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       switch (card_info.uidlen) {
+                               case 4 : cascade_levels = 1; break;
+                               case 7 : cascade_levels = 2; break;
+                               case 10: cascade_levels = 3; break;
+                               default: break;
+                       }
+                       have_uid = TRUE;        
+               } else { // no need for anticollision. We can directly select the card
+                       if(!iso14443a_select_card(uid, NULL, &cuid, false, cascade_levels)) {
+                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)   Dbprintf("Mifare: Can't select card (UID)");
+                               continue;
+                       }
                }
                }
-
-               sync_time = (sync_time & 0xfffffff8) + sync_cycles + catch_up_cycles;
+               
+               // Sending timeslot of ISO14443a frame          
+               sync_time = (sync_time & 0xfffffff8 ) + sync_cycles + catch_up_cycles;
                catch_up_cycles = 0;
                catch_up_cycles = 0;
-
+                                                               
                // if we missed the sync time already, advance to the next nonce repeat
                // if we missed the sync time already, advance to the next nonce repeat
-               while(GetCountSspClk() > sync_time) {
-                       sync_time = (sync_time & 0xfffffff8) + sync_cycles;
-               }
+               while( GetCountSspClk() > sync_time) {
+                       ++elapsed_prng_sequences;
+                       sync_time = (sync_time & 0xfffffff8 ) + sync_cycles;
+               }               
 
 
-               // Transmit MIFARE_CLASSIC_AUTH at synctime. Should result in returning the same tag nonce (== nt_attacked) 
+               // Transmit MIFARE_CLASSIC_AUTH at synctime. Should result in returning the same tag nonce (== nt_attacked)
                ReaderTransmit(mf_auth, sizeof(mf_auth), &sync_time);
 
                ReaderTransmit(mf_auth, sizeof(mf_auth), &sync_time);
 
-               // Receive the (4 Byte) "random" nonce
-               if (!ReaderReceive(receivedAnswer)) {
-                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   Dbprintf("Mifare: Couldn't receive tag nonce");
+               // Receive the (4 Byte) "random" nonce from TAG
+               if (!ReaderReceive(receivedAnswer, receivedAnswerPar))
                        continue;
                        continue;
-                 }
 
                previous_nt = nt;
                nt = bytes_to_num(receivedAnswer, 4);
 
                previous_nt = nt;
                nt = bytes_to_num(receivedAnswer, 4);
-
+               
                // Transmit reader nonce with fake par
                ReaderTransmitPar(mf_nr_ar, sizeof(mf_nr_ar), par, NULL);
                // Transmit reader nonce with fake par
                ReaderTransmitPar(mf_nr_ar, sizeof(mf_nr_ar), par, NULL);
+       
+               // we didn't calibrate our clock yet,
+               // iceman: has to be calibrated every time.
+               if (previous_nt && !nt_attacked) { 
 
 
-               if (first_try && previous_nt && !nt_attacked) { // we didn't calibrate our clock yet
-                       int nt_distance = dist_nt(previous_nt, nt);
+                       nt_distance = dist_nt(previous_nt, nt);
+                       
+                       // if no distance between,  then we are in sync.
                        if (nt_distance == 0) {
                                nt_attacked = nt;
                        if (nt_distance == 0) {
                                nt_attacked = nt;
-                       }
-                       else {
-                               if (nt_distance == -99999) { // invalid nonce received, try again
-                                       continue;
+                       } else {
+                               if (nt_distance == -99999) { // invalid nonce received
+                                       ++unexpected_random;
+                                       if (unexpected_random > MAX_UNEXPECTED_RANDOM) {
+                                               isOK = -3;              // Card has an unpredictable PRNG. Give up      
+                                               break;
+                                       } else {                                                
+                                               if (sync_cycles <= 0) sync_cycles += PRNG_SEQUENCE_LENGTH;
+                                               LED_B_OFF();
+                                               continue;               // continue trying...
+                                       }
                                }
                                }
-                               sync_cycles = (sync_cycles - nt_distance);
-                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("calibrating in cycle %d. nt_distance=%d, Sync_cycles: %d\n", i, nt_distance, sync_cycles);
+                               
+                               if (++sync_tries > MAX_SYNC_TRIES) {
+                                       isOK = -4;                      // Card's PRNG runs at an unexpected frequency or resets unexpectedly
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               
+                               sync_cycles = (sync_cycles - nt_distance)/elapsed_prng_sequences;
+                               
+                               if (sync_cycles <= 0)
+                                       sync_cycles += PRNG_SEQUENCE_LENGTH;
+                               
+                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)
+                                       Dbprintf("calibrating in cycle %d. nt_distance=%d, elapsed_prng_sequences=%d, new sync_cycles: %d\n", i, nt_distance, elapsed_prng_sequences, sync_cycles);
+
+                               LED_B_OFF();
                                continue;
                        }
                }
                                continue;
                        }
                }
+               LED_B_OFF();
 
 
-               if ((nt != nt_attacked) && nt_attacked) {       // we somehow lost sync. Try to catch up again...
-                       catch_up_cycles = -dist_nt(nt_attacked, nt);
+               if ( (nt != nt_attacked) && nt_attacked) {      // we somehow lost sync. Try to catch up again...
+                       
+                       catch_up_cycles = ABS(dist_nt(nt_attacked, nt));
                        if (catch_up_cycles == 99999) {                 // invalid nonce received. Don't resync on that one.
                                catch_up_cycles = 0;
                                continue;
                        if (catch_up_cycles == 99999) {                 // invalid nonce received. Don't resync on that one.
                                catch_up_cycles = 0;
                                continue;
-                       }
+                       }               
+                       // average? 
+                       catch_up_cycles /= elapsed_prng_sequences;
+               
                        if (catch_up_cycles == last_catch_up) {
                        if (catch_up_cycles == last_catch_up) {
-                               consecutive_resyncs++;
-                       }
-                       else {
+                               ++consecutive_resyncs;
+                       } else {
                                last_catch_up = catch_up_cycles;
                            consecutive_resyncs = 0;
                                last_catch_up = catch_up_cycles;
                            consecutive_resyncs = 0;
-                       }
+                       }               
+                       
                        if (consecutive_resyncs < 3) {
                        if (consecutive_resyncs < 3) {
-                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("Lost sync in cycle %d. nt_distance=%d. Consecutive Resyncs = %d. Trying one time catch up...\n", i, -catch_up_cycles, consecutive_resyncs);
-                       }
-                       else {  
-                               sync_cycles = sync_cycles + catch_up_cycles;
-                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("Lost sync in cycle %d for the fourth time consecutively (nt_distance = %d). Adjusting sync_cycles to %d.\n", i, -catch_up_cycles, sync_cycles);
+                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)
+                                       Dbprintf("Lost sync in cycle %d. nt_distance=%d. Consecutive Resyncs = %d. Trying one time catch up...\n", i, catch_up_cycles, consecutive_resyncs);
+                       } else {        
+                               sync_cycles += catch_up_cycles;
+                               
+                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4) 
+                                       Dbprintf("Lost sync in cycle %d for the fourth time consecutively (nt_distance = %d). Adjusting sync_cycles to %d.\n", i, catch_up_cycles, sync_cycles);
+
+                               last_catch_up = 0;
+                               catch_up_cycles = 0;
+                               consecutive_resyncs = 0;
                        }
                        continue;
                }
  
                        }
                        continue;
                }
  
-               consecutive_resyncs = 0;
-               
                // Receive answer. This will be a 4 Bit NACK when the 8 parity bits are OK after decoding
                // Receive answer. This will be a 4 Bit NACK when the 8 parity bits are OK after decoding
-               if (ReaderReceive(receivedAnswer))
-               {
+               if (ReaderReceive(receivedAnswer, receivedAnswerPar)) {
                        catch_up_cycles = 8;    // the PRNG is delayed by 8 cycles due to the NAC (4Bits = 0x05 encrypted) transfer
        
                        if (nt_diff == 0)
                        catch_up_cycles = 8;    // the PRNG is delayed by 8 cycles due to the NAC (4Bits = 0x05 encrypted) transfer
        
                        if (nt_diff == 0)
-                       {
-                               par_low = par & 0x07; // there is no need to check all parities for other nt_diff. Parity Bits for mf_nr_ar[0..2] won't change
-                       }
-
-                       led_on = !led_on;
-                       if(led_on) LED_B_ON(); else LED_B_OFF();
+                               par_low = par[0] & 0xE0; // there is no need to check all parities for other nt_diff. Parity Bits for mf_nr_ar[0..2] won't change
 
 
-                       par_list[nt_diff] = par;
-                       ks_list[nt_diff] = receivedAnswer[0] ^ 0x05;
+                       par_list[nt_diff] = SwapBits(par[0], 8);
+                       ks_list[nt_diff] = receivedAnswer[0] ^ 0x05;  // xor with NACK value to get keystream
 
                        // Test if the information is complete
                        if (nt_diff == 0x07) {
 
                        // Test if the information is complete
                        if (nt_diff == 0x07) {
@@ -2086,181 +2363,245 @@ void ReaderMifare(bool first_try)
 
                        nt_diff = (nt_diff + 1) & 0x07;
                        mf_nr_ar[3] = (mf_nr_ar[3] & 0x1F) | (nt_diff << 5);
 
                        nt_diff = (nt_diff + 1) & 0x07;
                        mf_nr_ar[3] = (mf_nr_ar[3] & 0x1F) | (nt_diff << 5);
-                       par = par_low;
+                       par[0] = par_low;
+                       
                } else {
                } else {
-                       if (nt_diff == 0 && first_try)
-                       {
-                               par++;
+                       // No NACK.     
+                       if (nt_diff == 0 && first_try) {
+                               par[0]++;
+                               if (par[0] == 0x00) {   // tried all 256 possible parities without success. Card doesn't send NACK.
+                                       isOK = -2;
+                                       break;
+                               }
                        } else {
                        } else {
-                               par = (((par >> 3) + 1) << 3) | par_low;
+                               // Why this?
+                               par[0] = ((par[0] & 0x1F) + 1) | par_low;
                        }
                }
                        }
                }
-       }
-
+               
+               // reset the resyncs since we got a complete transaction on right time.
+               consecutive_resyncs = 0;
+       } // end for loop
 
        mf_nr_ar[3] &= 0x1F;
 
        mf_nr_ar[3] &= 0x1F;
+
+       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4) Dbprintf("Number of sent auth requestes: %u", i);
        
        
-       byte_t buf[28];
-       memcpy(buf + 0,  uid, 4);
+       uint8_t buf[28] = {0x00};
+       memset(buf, 0x00, sizeof(buf));
+       num_to_bytes(cuid, 4, buf);
        num_to_bytes(nt, 4, buf + 4);
        memcpy(buf + 8,  par_list, 8);
        memcpy(buf + 16, ks_list, 8);
        memcpy(buf + 24, mf_nr_ar, 4);
                
        num_to_bytes(nt, 4, buf + 4);
        memcpy(buf + 8,  par_list, 8);
        memcpy(buf + 16, ks_list, 8);
        memcpy(buf + 24, mf_nr_ar, 4);
                
-       cmd_send(CMD_ACK,isOK,0,0,buf,28);
+       cmd_send(CMD_ACK, isOK, 0, 0, buf, sizeof(buf) );
 
 
-       // Thats it...
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
        LEDsoff();
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
        LEDsoff();
-
-       iso14a_set_tracing(FALSE);
+       set_tracing(FALSE);
 }
 
 }
 
+
 /**
   *MIFARE 1K simulate.
   *
   *@param flags :
 /**
   *MIFARE 1K simulate.
   *
   *@param flags :
-  *    FLAG_INTERACTIVE - In interactive mode, we are expected to finish the operation with an ACK
-  * 4B_FLAG_UID_IN_DATA - means that there is a 4-byte UID in the data-section, we're expected to use that
-  * 7B_FLAG_UID_IN_DATA - means that there is a 7-byte UID in the data-section, we're expected to use that
-  *    FLAG_NR_AR_ATTACK  - means we should collect NR_AR responses for bruteforcing later
+  *    FLAG_INTERACTIVE                - In interactive mode, we are expected to finish the operation with an ACK
+  * FLAG_4B_UID_IN_DATA                - use 4-byte UID in the data-section
+  * FLAG_7B_UID_IN_DATA                - use 7-byte UID in the data-section
+  * FLAG_10B_UID_IN_DATA       - use 10-byte UID in the data-section
+  * FLAG_UID_IN_EMUL           - use 4-byte UID from emulator memory
+  *    FLAG_NR_AR_ATTACK               - collect NR_AR responses for bruteforcing later
   *@param exitAfterNReads, exit simulation after n blocks have been read, 0 is inifite
   */
   *@param exitAfterNReads, exit simulation after n blocks have been read, 0 is inifite
   */
-void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *datain)
-{
+void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *datain) {
+
+       // init pseudorand
+       fast_prand( GetTickCount() );
+       
        int cardSTATE = MFEMUL_NOFIELD;
        int cardSTATE = MFEMUL_NOFIELD;
-       int _7BUID = 0;
+       int _UID_LEN = 0;  // 4, 7, 10
        int vHf = 0;    // in mV
        int vHf = 0;    // in mV
-       int res;
+       int res = 0;
        uint32_t selTimer = 0;
        uint32_t authTimer = 0;
        uint32_t selTimer = 0;
        uint32_t authTimer = 0;
-       uint32_t par = 0;
-       int len = 0;
+       uint16_t len = 0;
        uint8_t cardWRBL = 0;
        uint8_t cardAUTHSC = 0;
        uint8_t cardAUTHKEY = 0xff;  // no authentication
        uint8_t cardWRBL = 0;
        uint8_t cardAUTHSC = 0;
        uint8_t cardAUTHKEY = 0xff;  // no authentication
-       uint32_t cardRr = 0;
        uint32_t cuid = 0;
        uint32_t cuid = 0;
-       //uint32_t rn_enc = 0;
        uint32_t ans = 0;
        uint32_t cardINTREG = 0;
        uint8_t cardINTBLOCK = 0;
        struct Crypto1State mpcs = {0, 0};
        struct Crypto1State *pcs;
        pcs = &mpcs;
        uint32_t ans = 0;
        uint32_t cardINTREG = 0;
        uint8_t cardINTBLOCK = 0;
        struct Crypto1State mpcs = {0, 0};
        struct Crypto1State *pcs;
        pcs = &mpcs;
-       uint32_t numReads = 0;//Counts numer of times reader read a block
-       uint8_t* receivedCmd = eml_get_bigbufptr_recbuf();
-       uint8_t *response = eml_get_bigbufptr_sendbuf();
+       uint32_t numReads = 0;  // Counts numer of times reader read a block
+       uint8_t receivedCmd[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE] = {0x00};
+       uint8_t receivedCmd_par[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE] = {0x00};
+       uint8_t response[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE] = {0x00};
+       uint8_t response_par[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE] = {0x00};
        
        
-       uint8_t rATQA[] = {0x04, 0x00}; // Mifare classic 1k 4BUID
-       uint8_t rUIDBCC1[] = {0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xaf, 0x62};
-       uint8_t rUIDBCC2[] = {0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xaf, 0x62}; // !!!
-       uint8_t rSAK[] = {0x08, 0xb6, 0xdd};
-       uint8_t rSAK1[] = {0x04, 0xda, 0x17};
-
-       uint8_t rAUTH_NT[] = {0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04};
+       uint8_t atqa[]   = {0x04, 0x00}; // Mifare classic 1k
+       uint8_t sak_4[]  = {0x0C, 0x00, 0x00}; // CL1 - 4b uid
+       uint8_t sak_7[]  = {0x0C, 0x00, 0x00}; // CL2 - 7b uid
+       uint8_t sak_10[] = {0x0C, 0x00, 0x00}; // CL3 - 10b uid
+       // uint8_t sak[] = {0x09, 0x3f, 0xcc };  // Mifare Mini 
+       
+       uint8_t rUIDBCC1[] = {0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xaf, 0x62}; 
+       uint8_t rUIDBCC2[] = {0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xaf, 0x62}; 
+       uint8_t rUIDBCC3[] = {0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xaf, 0x62};
+
+       // TAG Nonce - Authenticate response
+       uint8_t rAUTH_NT[4];
+       uint32_t nonce = prand();
+       num_to_bytes(nonce, 4, rAUTH_NT);
+       
+       // uint8_t rAUTH_NT[] = {0x55, 0x41, 0x49, 0x92};// nonce from nested? why this?
        uint8_t rAUTH_AT[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
        uint8_t rAUTH_AT[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
-               
-       //Here, we collect UID,NT,AR,NR,UID2,NT2,AR2,NR2
+       
+       // Here, we collect CUID, NT, NR, AR, CUID2, NT2, NR2, AR2
        // This can be used in a reader-only attack.
        // This can be used in a reader-only attack.
-       // (it can also be retrieved via 'hf 14a list', but hey...
-       uint32_t ar_nr_responses[] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
-       uint8_t ar_nr_collected = 0;
-
-       // clear trace
-    iso14a_clear_trace();
-       iso14a_set_tracing(TRUE);
-
-       // Authenticate response - nonce
-       uint32_t nonce = bytes_to_num(rAUTH_NT, 4);
+       nonces_t ar_nr_nonces[ATTACK_KEY_COUNT];
+       memset(ar_nr_nonces, 0x00, sizeof(ar_nr_nonces));
+
+       // -- Determine the UID
+       // Can be set from emulator memory or incoming data
+       // Length: 4,7,or 10 bytes
+       if ( (flags & FLAG_UID_IN_EMUL) == FLAG_UID_IN_EMUL)
+               emlGetMemBt(datain, 0, 10);  // load 10bytes from EMUL to the datain pointer. to be used below.
        
        
-       //-- Determine the UID
-       // Can be set from emulator memory, incoming data
-       // and can be 7 or 4 bytes long
-       if (flags & FLAG_4B_UID_IN_DATA)
-       {
-               // 4B uid comes from data-portion of packet
-               memcpy(rUIDBCC1,datain,4);
-               rUIDBCC1[4] = rUIDBCC1[0] ^ rUIDBCC1[1] ^ rUIDBCC1[2] ^ rUIDBCC1[3];
-
-       } else if (flags & FLAG_7B_UID_IN_DATA) {
-               // 7B uid comes from data-portion of packet
-               memcpy(&rUIDBCC1[1],datain,3);
-               memcpy(rUIDBCC2, datain+3, 4);
-               _7BUID = true;
-       } else {
-               // get UID from emul memory
-               emlGetMemBt(receivedCmd, 7, 1);
-               _7BUID = !(receivedCmd[0] == 0x00);
-               if (!_7BUID) {                     // ---------- 4BUID
-                       emlGetMemBt(rUIDBCC1, 0, 4);
-               } else {                           // ---------- 7BUID
-                       emlGetMemBt(&rUIDBCC1[1], 0, 3);
-                       emlGetMemBt(rUIDBCC2, 3, 4);
-               }
+       if ( (flags & FLAG_4B_UID_IN_DATA) == FLAG_4B_UID_IN_DATA) {
+               memcpy(rUIDBCC1, datain, 4);
+               _UID_LEN = 4;
+       } else if ( (flags & FLAG_7B_UID_IN_DATA) == FLAG_7B_UID_IN_DATA) {
+               memcpy(&rUIDBCC1[1], datain,   3);
+               memcpy( rUIDBCC2,    datain+3, 4);
+               _UID_LEN = 7;
+       } else if ( (flags & FLAG_10B_UID_IN_DATA) == FLAG_10B_UID_IN_DATA) {
+               memcpy(&rUIDBCC1[1], datain,   3);
+               memcpy(&rUIDBCC2[1], datain+3, 3);
+               memcpy( rUIDBCC3,    datain+6, 4);
+               _UID_LEN = 10;
        }
 
        }
 
-       /*
-        * Regardless of what method was used to set the UID, set fifth byte and modify
-        * the ATQA for 4 or 7-byte UID
-        */
-       rUIDBCC1[4] = rUIDBCC1[0] ^ rUIDBCC1[1] ^ rUIDBCC1[2] ^ rUIDBCC1[3];
-       if (_7BUID) {
-               rATQA[0] = 0x44;
-               rUIDBCC1[0] = 0x88;
-               rUIDBCC2[4] = rUIDBCC2[0] ^ rUIDBCC2[1] ^ rUIDBCC2[2] ^ rUIDBCC2[3];
+       switch (_UID_LEN) {
+               case 4:
+                       sak_4[0] &= 0xFB;               
+                       // save CUID
+                       cuid = bytes_to_num(rUIDBCC1, 4);
+                       // BCC
+                       rUIDBCC1[4] = rUIDBCC1[0] ^ rUIDBCC1[1] ^ rUIDBCC1[2] ^ rUIDBCC1[3];
+                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2)   {
+                               Dbprintf("4B UID: %02x%02x%02x%02x", 
+                                       rUIDBCC1[0],
+                                       rUIDBCC1[1],
+                                       rUIDBCC1[2],
+                                       rUIDBCC1[3]
+                               );
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case 7:
+                       atqa[0] |= 0x40;
+                       sak_7[0] &= 0xFB;                                               
+                       // save CUID
+                       cuid = bytes_to_num(rUIDBCC2, 4);                       
+                        // CascadeTag, CT
+                       rUIDBCC1[0] = 0x88;
+                       // BCC
+                       rUIDBCC1[4] = rUIDBCC1[0] ^ rUIDBCC1[1] ^ rUIDBCC1[2] ^ rUIDBCC1[3]; 
+                       rUIDBCC2[4] = rUIDBCC2[0] ^ rUIDBCC2[1] ^ rUIDBCC2[2] ^ rUIDBCC2[3]; 
+                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2)   {
+                               Dbprintf("7B UID: %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x",
+                                       rUIDBCC1[1],
+                                       rUIDBCC1[2],
+                                       rUIDBCC1[3],
+                                       rUIDBCC2[0],
+                                       rUIDBCC2[1],
+                                       rUIDBCC2[2],
+                                       rUIDBCC2[3]
+                               );
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case 10:
+                       atqa[0] |= 0x80;
+                       sak_10[0] &= 0xFB;                                      
+                       // save CUID
+                       cuid = bytes_to_num(rUIDBCC3, 4);
+                        // CascadeTag, CT
+                       rUIDBCC1[0] = 0x88;
+                       rUIDBCC2[0] = 0x88;
+                       // BCC
+                       rUIDBCC1[4] = rUIDBCC1[0] ^ rUIDBCC1[1] ^ rUIDBCC1[2] ^ rUIDBCC1[3];
+                       rUIDBCC2[4] = rUIDBCC2[0] ^ rUIDBCC2[1] ^ rUIDBCC2[2] ^ rUIDBCC2[3];
+                       rUIDBCC3[4] = rUIDBCC3[0] ^ rUIDBCC3[1] ^ rUIDBCC3[2] ^ rUIDBCC3[3];
+
+                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2)   {
+                               Dbprintf("10B UID: %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x",
+                                       rUIDBCC1[1],
+                                       rUIDBCC1[2],
+                                       rUIDBCC1[3],
+                                       rUIDBCC2[1],
+                                       rUIDBCC2[2],
+                                       rUIDBCC2[3],
+                                       rUIDBCC3[0],
+                                       rUIDBCC3[1],
+                                       rUIDBCC3[2],
+                                       rUIDBCC3[3]
+                               );
+                       }
+                       break;
+               default: 
+                       break;
        }
        }
-
+       // calc some crcs
+       ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, sak_4, 1, &sak_4[1], &sak_4[2]);
+       ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, sak_7, 1, &sak_7[1], &sak_7[2]);
+       ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, sak_10, 1, &sak_10[1], &sak_10[2]);
+       
        // We need to listen to the high-frequency, peak-detected path.
        iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);
 
        // We need to listen to the high-frequency, peak-detected path.
        iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);
 
-
-       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   {
-               if (!_7BUID) {
-                       Dbprintf("4B UID: %02x%02x%02x%02x",rUIDBCC1[0] , rUIDBCC1[1] , rUIDBCC1[2] , rUIDBCC1[3]);
-               } else {
-                       Dbprintf("7B UID: (%02x)%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x",rUIDBCC1[0] , rUIDBCC1[1] , rUIDBCC1[2] , rUIDBCC1[3],rUIDBCC2[0],rUIDBCC2[1] ,rUIDBCC2[2] , rUIDBCC2[3]);
-               }
-       }
+       // free eventually allocated BigBuf memory but keep Emulator Memory
+       BigBuf_free_keep_EM();
+       clear_trace();
+       set_tracing(TRUE);
 
        bool finished = FALSE;
 
        bool finished = FALSE;
-       while (!BUTTON_PRESS() && !finished) {
+       while (!BUTTON_PRESS() && !finished && !usb_poll_validate_length()) {
                WDT_HIT();
 
                // find reader field
                WDT_HIT();
 
                // find reader field
-               // Vref = 3300mV, and an 10:1 voltage divider on the input
-               // can measure voltages up to 33000 mV
                if (cardSTATE == MFEMUL_NOFIELD) {
                if (cardSTATE == MFEMUL_NOFIELD) {
-                       vHf = (33000 * AvgAdc(ADC_CHAN_HF)) >> 10;
+                       vHf = (MAX_ADC_HF_VOLTAGE * AvgAdc(ADC_CHAN_HF)) >> 10;
                        if (vHf > MF_MINFIELDV) {
                                cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
                                LED_A_ON();
                        }
                } 
                        if (vHf > MF_MINFIELDV) {
                                cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
                                LED_A_ON();
                        }
                } 
-               if(cardSTATE == MFEMUL_NOFIELD) continue;
-
-               //Now, get data
+               if (cardSTATE == MFEMUL_NOFIELD) continue;
 
 
-               res = EmGetCmd(receivedCmd, &len);
+               // Now, get data
+               res = EmGetCmd(receivedCmd, &len, receivedCmd_par);
                if (res == 2) { //Field is off!
                        cardSTATE = MFEMUL_NOFIELD;
                        LEDsoff();
                        continue;
                } else if (res == 1) {
                if (res == 2) { //Field is off!
                        cardSTATE = MFEMUL_NOFIELD;
                        LEDsoff();
                        continue;
                } else if (res == 1) {
-                       break;  //return value 1 means button press
+                       break;  // return value 1 means button press
                }
                        
                // REQ or WUP request in ANY state and WUP in HALTED state
                }
                        
                // REQ or WUP request in ANY state and WUP in HALTED state
-               if (len == 1 && ((receivedCmd[0] == 0x26 && cardSTATE != MFEMUL_HALTED) || receivedCmd[0] == 0x52)) {
+               // this if-statement doesn't match the specification above. (iceman)
+               if (len == 1 && ((receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443A_CMD_REQA && cardSTATE != MFEMUL_HALTED) || receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443A_CMD_WUPA)) {
                        selTimer = GetTickCount();
                        selTimer = GetTickCount();
-                       EmSendCmdEx(rATQA, sizeof(rATQA), (receivedCmd[0] == 0x52));
+                       EmSendCmdEx(atqa, sizeof(atqa));
                        cardSTATE = MFEMUL_SELECT1;
                        cardSTATE = MFEMUL_SELECT1;
-
-                       // init crypto block
-                       LED_B_OFF();
-                       LED_C_OFF();
                        crypto1_destroy(pcs);
                        cardAUTHKEY = 0xff;
                        crypto1_destroy(pcs);
                        cardAUTHKEY = 0xff;
+                       LEDsoff();
+                       nonce = prand(); 
                        continue;
                }
                
                        continue;
                }
                
@@ -2268,156 +2609,233 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
                        case MFEMUL_NOFIELD:
                        case MFEMUL_HALTED:
                        case MFEMUL_IDLE:{
                        case MFEMUL_NOFIELD:
                        case MFEMUL_HALTED:
                        case MFEMUL_IDLE:{
-                               LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
-                               LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
+                               LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, TRUE);
                                break;
                        }
                        case MFEMUL_SELECT1:{
                                break;
                        }
                        case MFEMUL_SELECT1:{
-                               // select all
-                               if (len == 2 && (receivedCmd[0] == 0x93 && receivedCmd[1] == 0x20)) {
+                               if (len == 2 && (receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443A_CMD_ANTICOLL_OR_SELECT && receivedCmd[1] == 0x20)) {
                                        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)   Dbprintf("SELECT ALL received");
                                        EmSendCmd(rUIDBCC1, sizeof(rUIDBCC1));
                                        break;
                                }
                                        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)   Dbprintf("SELECT ALL received");
                                        EmSendCmd(rUIDBCC1, sizeof(rUIDBCC1));
                                        break;
                                }
-
-                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4 && len == 9 && receivedCmd[0] == 0x93 && receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 )
-                               {
-                                       Dbprintf("SELECT %02x%02x%02x%02x received",receivedCmd[2],receivedCmd[3],receivedCmd[4],receivedCmd[5]);
-                               }
                                // select card
                                if (len == 9 && 
                                // select card
                                if (len == 9 && 
-                                               (receivedCmd[0] == 0x93 && receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 && memcmp(&receivedCmd[2], rUIDBCC1, 4) == 0)) {
-                                       EmSendCmd(_7BUID?rSAK1:rSAK, _7BUID?sizeof(rSAK1):sizeof(rSAK));
-                                       cuid = bytes_to_num(rUIDBCC1, 4);
-                                       if (!_7BUID) {
-                                               cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
-                                               LED_B_ON();
-                                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)   Dbprintf("--> WORK. anticol1 time: %d", GetTickCount() - selTimer);
-                                               break;
-                                       } else {
-                                               cardSTATE = MFEMUL_SELECT2;
+                                               ( receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443A_CMD_ANTICOLL_OR_SELECT &&
+                                                 receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 && 
+                                                 memcmp(&receivedCmd[2], rUIDBCC1, 4) == 0)) {
+                                       
+                                       // SAK 4b 
+                                       EmSendCmd(sak_4, sizeof(sak_4));
+                                       switch(_UID_LEN){
+                                               case 4:
+                                                       cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
+                                                       LED_B_ON();
+                                                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)   Dbprintf("--> WORK. anticol1 time: %d", GetTickCount() - selTimer);
+                                                       continue;
+                                               case 7:
+                                               case 10:
+                                                       cardSTATE = MFEMUL_SELECT2;
+                                                       continue;
+                                               default:break;
                                        }
                                        }
+                               } else {
+                                       cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
                                }
                                break;
                        }
                                }
                                break;
                        }
+                       case MFEMUL_SELECT2:{
+                               if (!len) { 
+                                       LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, TRUE);
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               if (len == 2 && (receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443A_CMD_ANTICOLL_OR_SELECT_2 && receivedCmd[1] == 0x20)) {
+                                       EmSendCmd(rUIDBCC2, sizeof(rUIDBCC2));
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               if (len == 9 && 
+                                               (receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443A_CMD_ANTICOLL_OR_SELECT_2 &&
+                                                receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 && 
+                                                memcmp(&receivedCmd[2], rUIDBCC2, 4) == 0) ) {
+                                                        
+                                       EmSendCmd(sak_7, sizeof(sak_7));
+                                       switch(_UID_LEN){
+                                               case 7:
+                                                       cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
+                                                       LED_B_ON();
+                                                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)   Dbprintf("--> WORK. anticol2 time: %d", GetTickCount() - selTimer);
+                                                       continue;
+                                               case 10:
+                                                       cardSTATE = MFEMUL_SELECT3;
+                                                       continue;
+                                               default:break;
+                                       }
+                               } 
+                               cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       case MFEMUL_SELECT3:{
+                               if (!len) { 
+                                       LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, TRUE);
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               if (len == 2 && (receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443A_CMD_ANTICOLL_OR_SELECT_3 && receivedCmd[1] == 0x20)) {
+                                       EmSendCmd(rUIDBCC3, sizeof(rUIDBCC3));
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               if (len == 9 && 
+                                               (receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443A_CMD_ANTICOLL_OR_SELECT_3 &&
+                                                receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 && 
+                                                memcmp(&receivedCmd[2], rUIDBCC3, 4) == 0) ) {
+
+                                       EmSendCmd(sak_10, sizeof(sak_10));
+                                       cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
+                                       LED_B_ON();
+                                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)   Dbprintf("--> WORK. anticol3 time: %d", GetTickCount() - selTimer);
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
+                               break;
+                       }
                        case MFEMUL_AUTH1:{
                        case MFEMUL_AUTH1:{
-                               if( len != 8)
-                               {
+                               if( len != 8) {
                                        cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
                                        cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
-                                       LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
-                                       LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
+                                       LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, TRUE);
                                        break;
                                }
                                        break;
                                }
-                               uint32_t ar = bytes_to_num(receivedCmd, 4);
-                               uint32_t nr= bytes_to_num(&receivedCmd[4], 4);
-
-                               //Collect AR/NR
-                               if(ar_nr_collected < 2){
-                                       if(ar_nr_responses[2] != ar)
-                                       {// Avoid duplicates... probably not necessary, ar should vary. 
-                                               ar_nr_responses[ar_nr_collected*4] = cuid;
-                                               ar_nr_responses[ar_nr_collected*4+1] = nonce;
-                                               ar_nr_responses[ar_nr_collected*4+2] = ar;
-                                               ar_nr_responses[ar_nr_collected*4+3] = nr;
-                                               ar_nr_collected++;
+
+                               uint32_t nr = bytes_to_num(receivedCmd, 4);
+                               uint32_t ar = bytes_to_num(&receivedCmd[4], 4);
+
+                               // Collect AR/NR per keytype & sector
+                               if ( (flags & FLAG_NR_AR_ATTACK) == FLAG_NR_AR_ATTACK ) {
+                                       
+                                       int8_t index = -1;
+                                       int8_t empty = -1;
+                                       for (uint8_t i = 0; i < ATTACK_KEY_COUNT; i++) {
+                                               // find which index to use
+                                               if ( (cardAUTHSC == ar_nr_nonces[i].sector) &&  (cardAUTHKEY == ar_nr_nonces[i].keytype)) 
+                                                       index = i;
+
+                                               // keep track of empty slots.
+                                               if ( ar_nr_nonces[i].state == EMPTY)
+                                                       empty = i;
+                                       }
+                                       // if no empty slots.  Choose first and overwrite.
+                                       if ( index == -1 ) {
+                                               if ( empty == -1 ) {
+                                                       index = 0;
+                                                       ar_nr_nonces[index].state = EMPTY;
+                                               } else {
+                                                       index = empty;
+                                               }
                                        }
                                        }
-                               }
 
 
-                               // --- crypto
-                               crypto1_word(pcs, ar , 1);
-                               cardRr = nr ^ crypto1_word(pcs, 0, 0);
+                                       switch(ar_nr_nonces[index].state) {
+                                               case EMPTY: {
+                                                       // first nonce collect
+                                                       ar_nr_nonces[index].cuid = cuid;
+                                                       ar_nr_nonces[index].sector = cardAUTHSC;
+                                                       ar_nr_nonces[index].keytype = cardAUTHKEY;
+                                                       ar_nr_nonces[index].nonce = nonce;
+                                                       ar_nr_nonces[index].nr = nr;
+                                                       ar_nr_nonces[index].ar = ar;
+                                                       ar_nr_nonces[index].state = FIRST;
+                                                       break;
+                                               } 
+                                               case FIRST : { 
+                                                       // second nonce collect
+                                                       ar_nr_nonces[index].nonce2 = nonce;
+                                                       ar_nr_nonces[index].nr2 = nr;
+                                                       ar_nr_nonces[index].ar2 = ar;
+                                                       ar_nr_nonces[index].state = SECOND;
+
+                                                       // send to client
+                                                       cmd_send(CMD_ACK, CMD_SIMULATE_MIFARE_CARD, 0, 0, &ar_nr_nonces[index], sizeof(nonces_t));
+                                                       
+                                                       ar_nr_nonces[index].state = EMPTY;
+                                                       ar_nr_nonces[index].sector = 0;
+                                                       ar_nr_nonces[index].keytype = 0;
+                                                       break;
+                                               }
+                                               default: break;
+                                       }
+                               }
 
 
-                               // test if auth OK
+                               crypto1_word(pcs, nr , 1);
+                               uint32_t cardRr = ar ^ crypto1_word(pcs, 0, 0);
+                               
+                               //test if auth OK
                                if (cardRr != prng_successor(nonce, 64)){
                                if (cardRr != prng_successor(nonce, 64)){
-                                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2)   Dbprintf("AUTH FAILED. cardRr=%08x, succ=%08x",cardRr, prng_successor(nonce, 64));
+                                       
+                                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) {
+                                               Dbprintf("AUTH FAILED for sector %d with key %c. [nr=%08x  cardRr=%08x] [nt=%08x succ=%08x]"
+                                                       , cardAUTHSC
+                                                       , (cardAUTHKEY == 0) ? 'A' : 'B'
+                                                       , nr
+                                                       , cardRr
+                                                       , nonce // nt
+                                                       , prng_successor(nonce, 64)
+                                               );
+                                       }
                                        // Shouldn't we respond anything here?
                                        // Right now, we don't nack or anything, which causes the
                                        // reader to do a WUPA after a while. /Martin
                                        // -- which is the correct response. /piwi
                                        cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
                                        // Shouldn't we respond anything here?
                                        // Right now, we don't nack or anything, which causes the
                                        // reader to do a WUPA after a while. /Martin
                                        // -- which is the correct response. /piwi
                                        cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
-                                       LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
-                                       LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
+                                       LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, TRUE);
                                        break;
                                }
                                        break;
                                }
-
+                               
                                ans = prng_successor(nonce, 96) ^ crypto1_word(pcs, 0, 0);
                                ans = prng_successor(nonce, 96) ^ crypto1_word(pcs, 0, 0);
-
                                num_to_bytes(ans, 4, rAUTH_AT);
                                num_to_bytes(ans, 4, rAUTH_AT);
-                               // --- crypto
                                EmSendCmd(rAUTH_AT, sizeof(rAUTH_AT));
                                LED_C_ON();
                                EmSendCmd(rAUTH_AT, sizeof(rAUTH_AT));
                                LED_C_ON();
-                               cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
-                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)   Dbprintf("AUTH COMPLETED for sector %d with key %c. time=%d", 
-                                       cardAUTHSC, cardAUTHKEY == 0 ? 'A' : 'B',
-                                       GetTickCount() - authTimer);
-                               break;
-                       }
-                       case MFEMUL_SELECT2:{
-                               if (!len) { 
-                                       LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
-                                       LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
-                                       break;
-                               }
-                               if (len == 2 && (receivedCmd[0] == 0x95 && receivedCmd[1] == 0x20)) {
-                                       EmSendCmd(rUIDBCC2, sizeof(rUIDBCC2));
-                                       break;
-                               }
-
-                               // select 2 card
-                               if (len == 9 && 
-                                               (receivedCmd[0] == 0x95 && receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 && memcmp(&receivedCmd[2], rUIDBCC2, 4) == 0)) {
-                                       EmSendCmd(rSAK, sizeof(rSAK));
-                                       cuid = bytes_to_num(rUIDBCC2, 4);
-                                       cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
-                                       LED_B_ON();
-                                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)   Dbprintf("--> WORK. anticol2 time: %d", GetTickCount() - selTimer);
-                                       break;
-                               }
                                
                                
-                               // i guess there is a command). go into the work state.
-                               if (len != 4) {
-                                       LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
-                                       LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
-                                       break;
+                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1) {
+                                       Dbprintf("AUTH COMPLETED for sector %d with key %c. time=%d", 
+                                               cardAUTHSC, 
+                                               cardAUTHKEY == 0 ? 'A' : 'B',
+                                               GetTickCount() - authTimer
+                                       );
                                }
                                cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
                                }
                                cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
-                               //goto lbWORK;
-                               //intentional fall-through to the next case-stmt
+                               break;
                        }
                        }
-
                        case MFEMUL_WORK:{
                                if (len == 0) {
                        case MFEMUL_WORK:{
                                if (len == 0) {
-                                       LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
-                                       LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
+                                       LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, TRUE);
                                        break;
                                        break;
-                               }
-                               
+                               }               
                                bool encrypted_data = (cardAUTHKEY != 0xFF) ;
 
                                bool encrypted_data = (cardAUTHKEY != 0xFF) ;
 
-                               if(encrypted_data) {
-                                       // decrypt seqence
+                               if(encrypted_data)
                                        mf_crypto1_decrypt(pcs, receivedCmd, len);
                                        mf_crypto1_decrypt(pcs, receivedCmd, len);
-                               }
                                
                                
-                               if (len == 4 && (receivedCmd[0] == 0x60 || receivedCmd[0] == 0x61)) {
+                               if (len == 4 && (receivedCmd[0] == MIFARE_AUTH_KEYA || 
+                                                receivedCmd[0] == MIFARE_AUTH_KEYB)  ) {
+
                                        authTimer = GetTickCount();
                                        authTimer = GetTickCount();
-                                       cardAUTHSC = receivedCmd[1] / 4;  // received block num
-                                       cardAUTHKEY = receivedCmd[0] - 0x60;
-                                       crypto1_destroy(pcs);//Added by martin
+                                       cardAUTHSC = receivedCmd[1] / 4;  // received block -> sector
+                                       cardAUTHKEY = receivedCmd[0] & 0x1;
+                                       crypto1_destroy(pcs);
+                                       
+                                       // load key into crypto
                                        crypto1_create(pcs, emlGetKey(cardAUTHSC, cardAUTHKEY));
 
                                        crypto1_create(pcs, emlGetKey(cardAUTHSC, cardAUTHKEY));
 
-                                       if (!encrypted_data) { // first authentication
-                                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4) Dbprintf("Reader authenticating for block %d (0x%02x) with key %d",receivedCmd[1] ,receivedCmd[1],cardAUTHKEY  );
-
-                                               crypto1_word(pcs, cuid ^ nonce, 0);//Update crypto state
-                                               num_to_bytes(nonce, 4, rAUTH_AT); // Send nonce
-                                       } else { // nested authentication
-                                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4) Dbprintf("Reader doing nested authentication for block %d (0x%02x) with key %d",receivedCmd[1] ,receivedCmd[1],cardAUTHKEY );
+                                       if (!encrypted_data) {
+                                               // first authentication
+                                               // Update crypto state init  (UID ^ NONCE)
+                                               crypto1_word(pcs, cuid ^ nonce, 0);
+                                               num_to_bytes(nonce, 4, rAUTH_AT);
+                                       } else {
+                                               // nested authentication
                                                ans = nonce ^ crypto1_word(pcs, cuid ^ nonce, 0); 
                                                num_to_bytes(ans, 4, rAUTH_AT);
                                                ans = nonce ^ crypto1_word(pcs, cuid ^ nonce, 0); 
                                                num_to_bytes(ans, 4, rAUTH_AT);
+
+                                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("Reader doing nested authentication for block %d (0x%02x) with key %c", receivedCmd[1], receivedCmd[1],  cardAUTHKEY == 0 ? 'A' : 'B');
                                        }
                                        }
+
                                        EmSendCmd(rAUTH_AT, sizeof(rAUTH_AT));
                                        EmSendCmd(rAUTH_AT, sizeof(rAUTH_AT));
-                                       //Dbprintf("Sending rAUTH %02x%02x%02x%02x", rAUTH_AT[0],rAUTH_AT[1],rAUTH_AT[2],rAUTH_AT[3]);
                                        cardSTATE = MFEMUL_AUTH1;
                                        break;
                                }
                                        cardSTATE = MFEMUL_AUTH1;
                                        break;
                                }
@@ -2436,74 +2854,74 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
                                }
                                
                                if(len != 4) {
                                }
                                
                                if(len != 4) {
-                                       LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
-                                       LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
+                                       LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, TRUE);
                                        break;
                                }
 
                                        break;
                                }
 
-                               if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x30 // read block
-                                               || receivedCmd[0] == 0xA0 // write block
-                                               || receivedCmd[0] == 0xC0 // inc
-                                               || receivedCmd[0] == 0xC1 // dec
-                                               || receivedCmd[0] == 0xC2 // restore
-                                               || receivedCmd[0] == 0xB0) { // transfer
+                               if ( receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443A_CMD_READBLOCK ||
+                                        receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443A_CMD_WRITEBLOCK ||
+                                        receivedCmd[0] == MIFARE_CMD_INC ||
+                                        receivedCmd[0] == MIFARE_CMD_DEC ||
+                                        receivedCmd[0] == MIFARE_CMD_RESTORE ||
+                                        receivedCmd[0] == MIFARE_CMD_TRANSFER ) {
+                                               
                                        if (receivedCmd[1] >= 16 * 4) {
                                                EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
                                        if (receivedCmd[1] >= 16 * 4) {
                                                EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
-                                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2) Dbprintf("Reader tried to operate (0x%02) on out of range block: %d (0x%02x), nacking",receivedCmd[0],receivedCmd[1],receivedCmd[1]);
+                                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4) Dbprintf("Reader tried to operate (0x%02) on out of range block: %d (0x%02x), nacking",receivedCmd[0],receivedCmd[1],receivedCmd[1]);
                                                break;
                                        }
 
                                        if (receivedCmd[1] / 4 != cardAUTHSC) {
                                                EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
                                                break;
                                        }
 
                                        if (receivedCmd[1] / 4 != cardAUTHSC) {
                                                EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
-                                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2) Dbprintf("Reader tried to operate (0x%02) on block (0x%02x) not authenticated for (0x%02x), nacking",receivedCmd[0],receivedCmd[1],cardAUTHSC);
+                                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4) Dbprintf("Reader tried to operate (0x%02) on block (0x%02x) not authenticated for (0x%02x), nacking",receivedCmd[0],receivedCmd[1],cardAUTHSC);
                                                break;
                                        }
                                }
                                // read block
                                                break;
                                        }
                                }
                                // read block
-                               if (receivedCmd[0] == 0x30) {
-                                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4) {
-                                               Dbprintf("Reader reading block %d (0x%02x)",receivedCmd[1],receivedCmd[1]);
-                                       }
+                               if (receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443A_CMD_READBLOCK) {
+                                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4) Dbprintf("Reader reading block %d (0x%02x)", receivedCmd[1], receivedCmd[1]);
+
                                        emlGetMem(response, receivedCmd[1], 1);
                                        AppendCrc14443a(response, 16);
                                        emlGetMem(response, receivedCmd[1], 1);
                                        AppendCrc14443a(response, 16);
-                                       mf_crypto1_encrypt(pcs, response, 18, &par);
-                                       EmSendCmdPar(response, 18, par);
+                                       mf_crypto1_encrypt(pcs, response, 18, response_par);
+                                       EmSendCmdPar(response, 18, response_par);
                                        numReads++;
                                        numReads++;
-                                       if(exitAfterNReads > 0 && numReads == exitAfterNReads) {
+                                       if(exitAfterNReads > 0 && numReads >= exitAfterNReads) {
                                                Dbprintf("%d reads done, exiting", numReads);
                                                finished = true;
                                        }
                                        break;
                                }
                                // write block
                                                Dbprintf("%d reads done, exiting", numReads);
                                                finished = true;
                                        }
                                        break;
                                }
                                // write block
-                               if (receivedCmd[0] == 0xA0) {
-                                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4) Dbprintf("RECV 0xA0 write block %d (%02x)",receivedCmd[1],receivedCmd[1]);
+                               if (receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443A_CMD_WRITEBLOCK) {
+                                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4) Dbprintf("RECV 0xA0 write block %d (%02x)", receivedCmd[1], receivedCmd[1]);
                                        EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_ACK));
                                        cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WRITEBL2;
                                        cardWRBL = receivedCmd[1];
                                        break;
                                }
                                // increment, decrement, restore
                                        EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_ACK));
                                        cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WRITEBL2;
                                        cardWRBL = receivedCmd[1];
                                        break;
                                }
                                // increment, decrement, restore
-                               if (receivedCmd[0] == 0xC0 || receivedCmd[0] == 0xC1 || receivedCmd[0] == 0xC2) {
-                                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4) Dbprintf("RECV 0x%02x inc(0xC1)/dec(0xC0)/restore(0xC2) block %d (%02x)",receivedCmd[0],receivedCmd[1],receivedCmd[1]);
+                               if ( receivedCmd[0] == MIFARE_CMD_INC || 
+                                    receivedCmd[0] == MIFARE_CMD_DEC || 
+                                        receivedCmd[0] == MIFARE_CMD_RESTORE) {
+
+                                        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4) Dbprintf("RECV 0x%02x inc(0xC1)/dec(0xC0)/restore(0xC2) block %d (%02x)",receivedCmd[0], receivedCmd[1], receivedCmd[1]);
+
                                        if (emlCheckValBl(receivedCmd[1])) {
                                        if (emlCheckValBl(receivedCmd[1])) {
-                                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2) Dbprintf("Reader tried to operate on block, but emlCheckValBl failed, nacking");
+                                               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4) Dbprintf("Reader tried to operate on block, but emlCheckValBl failed, nacking");
                                                EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
                                                break;
                                        }
                                        EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_ACK));
                                                EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
                                                break;
                                        }
                                        EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_ACK));
-                                       if (receivedCmd[0] == 0xC1)
-                                               cardSTATE = MFEMUL_INTREG_INC;
-                                       if (receivedCmd[0] == 0xC0)
-                                               cardSTATE = MFEMUL_INTREG_DEC;
-                                       if (receivedCmd[0] == 0xC2)
-                                               cardSTATE = MFEMUL_INTREG_REST;
+                                       if (receivedCmd[0] == MIFARE_CMD_INC)           cardSTATE = MFEMUL_INTREG_INC;
+                                       if (receivedCmd[0] == MIFARE_CMD_DEC)           cardSTATE = MFEMUL_INTREG_DEC;
+                                       if (receivedCmd[0] == MIFARE_CMD_RESTORE)       cardSTATE = MFEMUL_INTREG_REST;
                                        cardWRBL = receivedCmd[1];
                                        break;
                                }
                                // transfer
                                        cardWRBL = receivedCmd[1];
                                        break;
                                }
                                // transfer
-                               if (receivedCmd[0] == 0xB0) {
-                                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4) Dbprintf("RECV 0x%02x transfer block %d (%02x)",receivedCmd[0],receivedCmd[1],receivedCmd[1]);
+                               if (receivedCmd[0] == MIFARE_CMD_TRANSFER) {
+                                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4) Dbprintf("RECV 0x%02x transfer block %d (%02x)", receivedCmd[0], receivedCmd[1], receivedCmd[1]);
                                        if (emlSetValBl(cardINTREG, cardINTBLOCK, receivedCmd[1]))
                                                EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
                                        else
                                        if (emlSetValBl(cardINTREG, cardINTBLOCK, receivedCmd[1]))
                                                EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
                                        else
@@ -2511,17 +2929,16 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
                                        break;
                                }
                                // halt
                                        break;
                                }
                                // halt
-                               if (receivedCmd[0] == 0x50 && receivedCmd[1] == 0x00) {
+                               if (receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443A_CMD_HALT && receivedCmd[1] == 0x00) {
                                        LED_B_OFF();
                                        LED_C_OFF();
                                        cardSTATE = MFEMUL_HALTED;
                                        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)   Dbprintf("--> HALTED. Selected time: %d ms",  GetTickCount() - selTimer);
                                        LED_B_OFF();
                                        LED_C_OFF();
                                        cardSTATE = MFEMUL_HALTED;
                                        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)   Dbprintf("--> HALTED. Selected time: %d ms",  GetTickCount() - selTimer);
-                                       LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
-                                       LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
+                                       LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, TRUE);
                                        break;
                                }
                                // RATS
                                        break;
                                }
                                // RATS
-                               if (receivedCmd[0] == 0xe0) {//RATS
+                               if (receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443A_CMD_RATS) {
                                        EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
                                        break;
                                }
                                        EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
                                        break;
                                }
@@ -2531,19 +2948,17 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
                                break;
                        }
                        case MFEMUL_WRITEBL2:{
                                break;
                        }
                        case MFEMUL_WRITEBL2:{
-                               if (len == 18){
+                               if (len == 18) {
                                        mf_crypto1_decrypt(pcs, receivedCmd, len);
                                        emlSetMem(receivedCmd, cardWRBL, 1);
                                        EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_ACK));
                                        cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
                                } else {
                                        cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
                                        mf_crypto1_decrypt(pcs, receivedCmd, len);
                                        emlSetMem(receivedCmd, cardWRBL, 1);
                                        EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_ACK));
                                        cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
                                } else {
                                        cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
-                                       LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
-                                       LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
+                                       LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, TRUE);
                                }
                                break;
                        }
                                }
                                break;
                        }
-                       
                        case MFEMUL_INTREG_INC:{
                                mf_crypto1_decrypt(pcs, receivedCmd, len);
                                memcpy(&ans, receivedCmd, 4);
                        case MFEMUL_INTREG_INC:{
                                mf_crypto1_decrypt(pcs, receivedCmd, len);
                                memcpy(&ans, receivedCmd, 4);
@@ -2552,8 +2967,7 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
                                        cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
                                        break;
                                } 
                                        cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
                                        break;
                                } 
-                               LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
-                               LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
+                               LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, TRUE);
                                cardINTREG = cardINTREG + ans;
                                cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
                                break;
                                cardINTREG = cardINTREG + ans;
                                cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
                                break;
@@ -2566,8 +2980,7 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
                                        cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
                                        break;
                                }
                                        cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
                                        break;
                                }
-                               LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
-                               LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
+                               LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, TRUE);
                                cardINTREG = cardINTREG - ans;
                                cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
                                break;
                                cardINTREG = cardINTREG - ans;
                                cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
                                break;
@@ -2580,80 +2993,50 @@ void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *
                                        cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
                                        break;
                                }
                                        cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
                                        break;
                                }
-                               LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
-                               LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
+                               LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parity, TRUE);
                                cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
                                break;
                        }
                }
        }
 
                                cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
                                break;
                        }
                }
        }
 
-       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
+       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1) 
+               Dbprintf("Emulator stopped. Tracing: %d  trace length: %d ", tracing, BigBuf_get_traceLen());
+       
+       cmd_send(CMD_ACK,1,0,0,0,0);    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
        LEDsoff();
        LEDsoff();
-
-       if(flags & FLAG_INTERACTIVE)// Interactive mode flag, means we need to send ACK
-       {
-               //May just aswell send the collected ar_nr in the response aswell
-               cmd_send(CMD_ACK,CMD_SIMULATE_MIFARE_CARD,0,0,&ar_nr_responses,ar_nr_collected*4*4);
-       }
-
-       if(flags & FLAG_NR_AR_ATTACK)
-       {
-               if(ar_nr_collected > 1) {
-                       Dbprintf("Collected two pairs of AR/NR which can be used to extract keys from reader:");
-                       Dbprintf("../tools/mfkey/mfkey32 %08x %08x %08x %08x %08x %08x",
-                                        ar_nr_responses[0], // UID
-                                       ar_nr_responses[1], //NT
-                                       ar_nr_responses[2], //AR1
-                                       ar_nr_responses[3], //NR1
-                                       ar_nr_responses[6], //AR2
-                                       ar_nr_responses[7] //NR2
-                                       );
-               } else {
-                       Dbprintf("Failed to obtain two AR/NR pairs!");
-                       if(ar_nr_collected >0) {
-                               Dbprintf("Only got these: UID=%08x, nonce=%08x, AR1=%08x, NR1=%08x",
-                                               ar_nr_responses[0], // UID
-                                               ar_nr_responses[1], //NT
-                                               ar_nr_responses[2], //AR1
-                                               ar_nr_responses[3] //NR1
-                                               );
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   Dbprintf("Emulator stopped. Tracing: %d  trace length: %d ",    tracing, traceLen);
+       set_tracing(FALSE);
 }
 
 
 }
 
 
-
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // MIFARE sniffer. 
 // 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // MIFARE sniffer. 
 // 
+// if no activity for 2sec, it sends the collected data to the client.
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// "hf mf sniff"
 void RAMFUNC SniffMifare(uint8_t param) {
 void RAMFUNC SniffMifare(uint8_t param) {
-       // param:
-       // bit 0 - trigger from first card answer
-       // bit 1 - trigger from first reader 7-bit request
 
 
-       // C(red) A(yellow) B(green)
        LEDsoff();
        LEDsoff();
-       // init trace buffer
-       iso14a_clear_trace();
-       iso14a_set_tracing(TRUE);
+
+       // free eventually allocated BigBuf memory
+       BigBuf_free(); BigBuf_Clear_ext(false);
+       clear_trace();
+       set_tracing(TRUE);
 
        // The command (reader -> tag) that we're receiving.
 
        // The command (reader -> tag) that we're receiving.
-       // The length of a received command will in most cases be no more than 18 bytes.
-       // So 32 should be enough!
-       uint8_t *receivedCmd = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + RECV_CMD_OFFSET);
+       uint8_t receivedCmd[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE] = {0x00};    
+       uint8_t receivedCmdPar[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE] = {0x00};
+
        // The response (tag -> reader) that we're receiving.
        // The response (tag -> reader) that we're receiving.
-       uint8_t *receivedResponse = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + RECV_RES_OFFSET);
+       uint8_t receivedResponse[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE] = {0x00};
+       uint8_t receivedResponsePar[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE] = {0x00};
 
 
-       // As we receive stuff, we copy it from receivedCmd or receivedResponse
-       // into trace, along with its length and other annotations.
-       //uint8_t *trace = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;
-       
-       // The DMA buffer, used to stream samples from the FPGA
-       uint8_t *dmaBuf = ((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + DMA_BUFFER_OFFSET;
+       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_SNIFFER);
+
+       // allocate the DMA buffer, used to stream samples from the FPGA
+       // [iceman] is this sniffed data unsigned?
+       uint8_t *dmaBuf = BigBuf_malloc(DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
        uint8_t *data = dmaBuf;
        uint8_t previous_data = 0;
        int maxDataLen = 0;
        uint8_t *data = dmaBuf;
        uint8_t previous_data = 0;
        int maxDataLen = 0;
@@ -2661,33 +3044,34 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffMifare(uint8_t param) {
        bool ReaderIsActive = FALSE;
        bool TagIsActive = FALSE;
 
        bool ReaderIsActive = FALSE;
        bool TagIsActive = FALSE;
 
-       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_SNIFFER);
-
        // Set up the demodulator for tag -> reader responses.
        // Set up the demodulator for tag -> reader responses.
-       Demod.output = receivedResponse;
+       DemodInit(receivedResponse, receivedResponsePar);
 
        // Set up the demodulator for the reader -> tag commands
 
        // Set up the demodulator for the reader -> tag commands
-       Uart.output = receivedCmd;
+       UartInit(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar);
 
 
-       // Setup for the DMA.
-       FpgaSetupSscDma((uint8_t *)dmaBuf, DMA_BUFFER_SIZE); // set transfer address and number of bytes. Start transfer.
+       // Setup and start DMA.
+       // set transfer address and number of bytes. Start transfer.
+       if ( !FpgaSetupSscDma((uint8_t*) dmaBuf, DMA_BUFFER_SIZE) ){
+               if (MF_DBGLEVEL > 1) Dbprintf("FpgaSetupSscDma failed. Exiting"); 
+               return;
+       }
 
        LED_D_OFF();
 
        LED_D_OFF();
-       
-       // init sniffer
+
        MfSniffInit();
 
        // And now we loop, receiving samples.
        MfSniffInit();
 
        // And now we loop, receiving samples.
-       for(uint32_t sniffCounter = 0; TRUE; ) {
+       for(uint32_t sniffCounter = 0;; ) {
+
+               LED_A_ON();
+               WDT_HIT();
        
                if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
                        DbpString("cancelled by button");
                        break;
                }
        
                if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
                        DbpString("cancelled by button");
                        break;
                }
-
-               LED_A_ON();
-               WDT_HIT();
-               
+       
                if ((sniffCounter & 0x0000FFFF) == 0) { // from time to time
                        // check if a transaction is completed (timeout after 2000ms).
                        // if yes, stop the DMA transfer and send what we have so far to the client
                if ((sniffCounter & 0x0000FFFF) == 0) { // from time to time
                        // check if a transaction is completed (timeout after 2000ms).
                        // if yes, stop the DMA transfer and send what we have so far to the client
@@ -2698,21 +3082,26 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffMifare(uint8_t param) {
                                maxDataLen = 0;
                                ReaderIsActive = FALSE;
                                TagIsActive = FALSE;
                                maxDataLen = 0;
                                ReaderIsActive = FALSE;
                                TagIsActive = FALSE;
-                               FpgaSetupSscDma((uint8_t *)dmaBuf, DMA_BUFFER_SIZE); // set transfer address and number of bytes. Start transfer.
+                               // Setup and start DMA. set transfer address and number of bytes. Start transfer.
+                               if ( !FpgaSetupSscDma((uint8_t*) dmaBuf, DMA_BUFFER_SIZE) ){
+                                       if (MF_DBGLEVEL > 1) Dbprintf("FpgaSetupSscDma failed. Exiting"); 
+                                       return;
+                               }                               
                        }
                }
                
                int register readBufDataP = data - dmaBuf;      // number of bytes we have processed so far
                int register dmaBufDataP = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE - AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR; // number of bytes already transferred
                        }
                }
                
                int register readBufDataP = data - dmaBuf;      // number of bytes we have processed so far
                int register dmaBufDataP = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE - AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR; // number of bytes already transferred
-               if (readBufDataP <= dmaBufDataP){                       // we are processing the same block of data which is currently being transferred
+
+               if (readBufDataP <= dmaBufDataP)                        // we are processing the same block of data which is currently being transferred
                        dataLen = dmaBufDataP - readBufDataP;   // number of bytes still to be processed
                        dataLen = dmaBufDataP - readBufDataP;   // number of bytes still to be processed
-               } else {                                                                        
+               else
                        dataLen = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE - readBufDataP + dmaBufDataP; // number of bytes still to be processed
                        dataLen = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE - readBufDataP + dmaBufDataP; // number of bytes still to be processed
-               }
+
                // test for length of buffer
                if(dataLen > maxDataLen) {                                      // we are more behind than ever...
                        maxDataLen = dataLen;                                   
                // test for length of buffer
                if(dataLen > maxDataLen) {                                      // we are more behind than ever...
                        maxDataLen = dataLen;                                   
-                       if(dataLen > 400) {
+                       if(dataLen > (9 * DMA_BUFFER_SIZE / 10)) {
                                Dbprintf("blew circular buffer! dataLen=0x%x", dataLen);
                                break;
                        }
                                Dbprintf("blew circular buffer! dataLen=0x%x", dataLen);
                                break;
                        }
@@ -2723,7 +3112,7 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffMifare(uint8_t param) {
                if (!AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR) {
                        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RPR = (uint32_t) dmaBuf;
                        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
                if (!AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR) {
                        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RPR = (uint32_t) dmaBuf;
                        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
-                       Dbprintf("RxEmpty ERROR!!! data length:%d", dataLen); // temporary
+                       Dbprintf("RxEmpty ERROR, data length:%d", dataLen); // temporary
                }
                // secondary buffer sets as primary, secondary buffer was stopped
                if (!AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNCR) {
                }
                // secondary buffer sets as primary, secondary buffer was stopped
                if (!AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNCR) {
@@ -2735,30 +3124,30 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffMifare(uint8_t param) {
                
                if (sniffCounter & 0x01) {
 
                
                if (sniffCounter & 0x01) {
 
-                       if(!TagIsActive) {              // no need to try decoding tag data if the reader is sending
+                       // no need to try decoding tag data if the reader is sending
+                       if(!TagIsActive) {              
                                uint8_t readerdata = (previous_data & 0xF0) | (*data >> 4);
                                if(MillerDecoding(readerdata, (sniffCounter-1)*4)) {
                                        LED_C_INV();
                                uint8_t readerdata = (previous_data & 0xF0) | (*data >> 4);
                                if(MillerDecoding(readerdata, (sniffCounter-1)*4)) {
                                        LED_C_INV();
-                                       if (MfSniffLogic(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.parityBits, Uart.bitCount, TRUE)) break;
 
 
-                                       /* And ready to receive another command. */
-                                       UartReset();
-                                       
-                                       /* And also reset the demod code */
+                                       if (MfSniffLogic(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.parity, Uart.bitCount, TRUE)) break;
+
+                                       UartInit(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar);
                                        DemodReset();
                                }
                                ReaderIsActive = (Uart.state != STATE_UNSYNCD);
                        }
                        
                                        DemodReset();
                                }
                                ReaderIsActive = (Uart.state != STATE_UNSYNCD);
                        }
                        
-                       if(!ReaderIsActive) {           // no need to try decoding tag data if the reader is sending
+                       // no need to try decoding tag data if the reader is sending
+                       if(!ReaderIsActive) {           
                                uint8_t tagdata = (previous_data << 4) | (*data & 0x0F);
                                if(ManchesterDecoding(tagdata, 0, (sniffCounter-1)*4)) {
                                        LED_C_INV();
 
                                uint8_t tagdata = (previous_data << 4) | (*data & 0x0F);
                                if(ManchesterDecoding(tagdata, 0, (sniffCounter-1)*4)) {
                                        LED_C_INV();
 
-                                       if (MfSniffLogic(receivedResponse, Demod.len, Demod.parityBits, Demod.bitCount, FALSE)) break;
+                                       if (MfSniffLogic(receivedResponse, Demod.len, Demod.parity, Demod.bitCount, FALSE)) break;
 
 
-                                       // And ready to receive another response.
                                        DemodReset();
                                        DemodReset();
+                                       UartInit(receivedCmd, receivedCmdPar);
                                }
                                TagIsActive = (Demod.state != DEMOD_UNSYNCD);
                        }
                                }
                                TagIsActive = (Demod.state != DEMOD_UNSYNCD);
                        }
@@ -2767,17 +3156,17 @@ void RAMFUNC SniffMifare(uint8_t param) {
                previous_data = *data;
                sniffCounter++;
                data++;
                previous_data = *data;
                sniffCounter++;
                data++;
-               if(data == dmaBuf + DMA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+
+               if(data == dmaBuf + DMA_BUFFER_SIZE)
                        data = dmaBuf;
                        data = dmaBuf;
-               }
 
        } // main cycle
 
        } // main cycle
-
-       DbpString("COMMAND FINISHED");
-
+       
+       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1) Dbprintf("maxDataLen=%x, Uart.state=%x, Uart.len=%x", maxDataLen, Uart.state, Uart.len);
+       
        FpgaDisableSscDma();
        MfSniffEnd();
        FpgaDisableSscDma();
        MfSniffEnd();
-       
-       Dbprintf("maxDataLen=%x, Uart.state=%x, Uart.len=%x", maxDataLen, Uart.state, Uart.len);
+       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
        LEDsoff();
        LEDsoff();
+       set_tracing(FALSE);
 }
 }
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