]> git.zerfleddert.de Git - proxmark3-svn/blobdiff - armsrc/mifareutil.c
Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/iceman1001/proxmark3
[proxmark3-svn] / armsrc / mifareutil.c
index 987a858cfcb3d5dc0ba3458b35c4ed39decdd331..84477a2b046c29da292e3a8675da213c639c4324 100644 (file)
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 #include "iso14443a.h"\r
 #include "crapto1.h"\r
 #include "mifareutil.h"\r
+#include "parity.h"\r
+#include "des.h"\r
 \r
 int MF_DBGLEVEL = MF_DBG_ALL;\r
 \r
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ void mf_crypto1_encrypt(struct Crypto1State *pcs, uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, u
                data[i] = crypto1_byte(pcs, 0x00, 0) ^ data[i];\r
                if((i&0x0007) == 0) \r
                        par[i>>3] = 0;\r
-               par[i>>3] |= (((filter(pcs->odd) ^ oddparity(bt)) & 0x01)<<(7-(i&0x0007)));\r
+               par[i>>3] |= (((filter(pcs->odd) ^ oddparity8(bt)) & 0x01)<<(7-(i&0x0007)));\r
        }       \r
        return;\r
 }\r
@@ -64,53 +66,25 @@ uint8_t mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(struct Crypto1State *pcs, uint8_t data) {
        return bt;\r
 }\r
 \r
-// send commands\r
-int mifare_sendcmd_short(struct Crypto1State *pcs, uint8_t crypted, uint8_t cmd, uint8_t data, uint8_t* answer, uint8_t *answer_parity, uint32_t *timing)\r
+// send X byte basic commands\r
+int mifare_sendcmd(uint8_t cmd, uint8_t* data, uint8_t data_size, uint8_t* answer, uint8_t *answer_parity, uint32_t *timing)\r
 {\r
-       return mifare_sendcmd_shortex(pcs, crypted, cmd, data, answer, answer_parity, timing);\r
-}\r
-\r
-int mifare_sendcmd_short_special(struct Crypto1State *pcs, uint8_t crypted, uint8_t cmd, uint8_t* data, uint8_t* answer, uint8_t *answer_parity, uint32_t *timing)\r
-{\r
-       uint8_t dcmd[8];\r
+       uint8_t dcmd[data_size+3];\r
     dcmd[0] = cmd;\r
-    dcmd[1] = data[0];\r
-       dcmd[2] = data[1];\r
-       dcmd[3] = data[2];\r
-       dcmd[4] = data[3];\r
-       dcmd[5] = data[4];\r
-       AppendCrc14443a(dcmd, 6);\r
-       ReaderTransmit(dcmd, sizeof(dcmd), NULL);\r
-       int len = ReaderReceive(answer, answer_parity);\r
-       if(!len) {\r
-                if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   Dbprintf("Authentication failed. Card timeout.");\r
-                return 2;\r
-    }\r
-       return len;\r
-}\r
-\r
-int mifare_sendcmd_short_mfucauth(struct Crypto1State *pcs, uint8_t crypted, uint8_t cmd, uint8_t *data, uint8_t *answer, uint8_t *answer_parity, uint32_t *timing)\r
-{\r
-    uint8_t dcmd[19];\r
-       int len; \r
-    dcmd[0] = cmd;\r
-    memcpy(dcmd+1,data,16);\r
-       AppendCrc14443a(dcmd, 17);\r
-       \r
+       memcpy(dcmd+1,data,data_size);\r
+       AppendCrc14443a(dcmd, data_size+1);\r
        ReaderTransmit(dcmd, sizeof(dcmd), timing);\r
-       len = ReaderReceive(answer, answer_parity);\r
+       int len = ReaderReceive(answer, answer_parity);\r
        if(!len) {\r
-        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= MF_DBG_ERROR)   Dbprintf("Authentication failed. Card timeout.");\r
-        len = ReaderReceive(answer,answer_parity);\r
+               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= MF_DBG_ERROR)   Dbprintf("%02X Cmd failed. Card timeout.", cmd);\r
+                       len = ReaderReceive(answer,answer_parity);\r
+               //return 0;\r
     }\r
-    if(len==1) {\r
-               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= MF_DBG_ERROR)   Dbprintf("NAK - Authentication failed.");\r
-               return 1;\r
-        }\r
        return len;\r
 }\r
 \r
-int mifare_sendcmd_shortex(struct Crypto1State *pcs, uint8_t crypted, uint8_t cmd, uint8_t data, uint8_t *answer, uint8_t *answer_parity, uint32_t *timing)\r
+// send 2 byte commands\r
+int mifare_sendcmd_short(struct Crypto1State *pcs, uint8_t crypted, uint8_t cmd, uint8_t data, uint8_t *answer, uint8_t *answer_parity, uint32_t *timing)\r
 {\r
        uint8_t dcmd[4], ecmd[4];\r
        uint16_t pos, res;\r
@@ -126,7 +100,7 @@ int mifare_sendcmd_shortex(struct Crypto1State *pcs, uint8_t crypted, uint8_t cm
                for (pos = 0; pos < 4; pos++)\r
                {\r
                        ecmd[pos] = crypto1_byte(pcs, 0x00, 0) ^ dcmd[pos];\r
-                       par[0] |= (((filter(pcs->odd) ^ oddparity(dcmd[pos])) & 0x01) << (7-pos));\r
+                       par[0] |= (((filter(pcs->odd) ^ oddparity8(dcmd[pos])) & 0x01) << (7-pos));\r
                }       \r
 \r
                ReaderTransmitPar(ecmd, sizeof(ecmd), par, timing);\r
@@ -171,7 +145,11 @@ int mifare_classic_authex(struct Crypto1State *pcs, uint32_t uid, uint8_t blockN
        uint32_t pos;\r
        uint8_t tmp4[4];\r
        uint8_t par[1] = {0x00};\r
-       byte_t nr[4];\r
+\r
+       // "random" reader nonce:\r
+       byte_t nr[4] = {0x55, 0x41, 0x49, 0x92};\r
+       //byte_t nr[4] = {0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01};\r
+       \r
        uint32_t nt, ntpp; // Supplied tag nonce\r
        \r
        uint8_t mf_nr_ar[] = { 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 };\r
@@ -183,12 +161,6 @@ int mifare_classic_authex(struct Crypto1State *pcs, uint32_t uid, uint8_t blockN
        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)   Dbprintf("rand tag nonce len: %x", len);  \r
        if (len != 4) return 1;\r
        \r
-       // "random" reader nonce:\r
-       nr[0] = 0x55;\r
-       nr[1] = 0x41;\r
-       nr[2] = 0x49;\r
-       nr[3] = 0x92; \r
-       \r
        // Save the tag nonce (nt)\r
        nt = bytes_to_num(receivedAnswer, 4);\r
 \r
@@ -220,7 +192,7 @@ int mifare_classic_authex(struct Crypto1State *pcs, uint32_t uid, uint8_t blockN
        for (pos = 0; pos < 4; pos++)\r
        {\r
                mf_nr_ar[pos] = crypto1_byte(pcs, nr[pos], 0) ^ nr[pos];\r
-               par[0] |= (((filter(pcs->odd) ^ oddparity(nr[pos])) & 0x01) << (7-pos));\r
+               par[0] |= (((filter(pcs->odd) ^ oddparity8(nr[pos])) & 0x01) << (7-pos));\r
        }       \r
                \r
        // Skip 32 bits in pseudo random generator\r
@@ -231,7 +203,7 @@ int mifare_classic_authex(struct Crypto1State *pcs, uint32_t uid, uint8_t blockN
        {\r
                nt = prng_successor(nt,8);\r
                mf_nr_ar[pos] = crypto1_byte(pcs,0x00,0) ^ (nt & 0xff);\r
-               par[0] |= (((filter(pcs->odd) ^ oddparity(nt & 0xff)) & 0x01) << (7-pos));\r
+               par[0] |= (((filter(pcs->odd) ^ oddparity8(nt & 0xff)) & 0x01) << (7-pos));\r
        }       \r
                \r
        // Transmit reader nonce and reader answer\r
@@ -288,48 +260,114 @@ int mifare_classic_readblock(struct Crypto1State *pcs, uint32_t uid, uint8_t blo
 }\r
 \r
 // mifare ultralight commands\r
-int mifare_ultra_auth1(uint8_t *blockData){\r
+int mifare_ul_ev1_auth(uint8_t *keybytes, uint8_t *pack){\r
 \r
        uint16_t len;\r
-       uint8_t receivedAnswer[MAX_FRAME_SIZE];\r
-       uint8_t receivedAnswerPar[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];\r
-       \r
-       len = mifare_sendcmd_short(NULL, 1, 0x1A, 0x00, receivedAnswer,receivedAnswerPar ,NULL);\r
-       if (len != 11) {\r
-               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= MF_DBG_ERROR) Dbprintf("Cmd Error: %02x", receivedAnswer[0]);\r
-               return 1;\r
+       uint8_t resp[4];\r
+       uint8_t respPar[1];\r
+       uint8_t key[4] = {0x00};\r
+       memcpy(key, keybytes, 4);\r
+\r
+       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= MF_DBG_EXTENDED)\r
+               Dbprintf("EV1 Auth : %02x%02x%02x%02x", key[0], key[1], key[2], key[3]);\r
+       len = mifare_sendcmd(0x1B, key, sizeof(key), resp, respPar, NULL);\r
+\r
+       if (len != 4) {\r
+               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= MF_DBG_ERROR) Dbprintf("Cmd Error: %02x %u", resp[0], len);\r
+               return 0;\r
        }\r
 \r
-       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= MF_DBG_EXTENDED) {\r
-               Dbprintf("Auth1 Resp: %02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x",\r
-                       receivedAnswer[0],receivedAnswer[1],receivedAnswer[2],receivedAnswer[3],receivedAnswer[4],\r
-                       receivedAnswer[5],receivedAnswer[6],receivedAnswer[7],receivedAnswer[8],receivedAnswer[9],\r
-                       receivedAnswer[10]);\r
-               }\r
-       memcpy(blockData, receivedAnswer, 11);\r
-       return 0;\r
+       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= MF_DBG_EXTENDED)\r
+               Dbprintf("Auth Resp: %02x%02x%02x%02x", resp[0],resp[1],resp[2],resp[3]);\r
+\r
+       memcpy(pack, resp, 4);\r
+       return 1;\r
 }\r
 \r
-int mifare_ultra_auth2(uint8_t *key, uint8_t *blockData){\r
+int mifare_ultra_auth(uint8_t *keybytes){\r
+\r
+       /// 3des2k\r
+\r
+       uint8_t random_a[8] = {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1};\r
+       uint8_t random_b[8] = {0x00};\r
+       uint8_t enc_random_b[8] = {0x00};\r
+       uint8_t rnd_ab[16] = {0x00};\r
+       uint8_t IV[8] = {0x00};\r
+       uint8_t key[16] = {0x00};\r
+       memcpy(key, keybytes, 16);\r
 \r
        uint16_t len;\r
-       uint8_t receivedAnswer[MAX_FRAME_SIZE];\r
-       uint8_t receivedAnswerPar[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];\r
-       \r
-       len = mifare_sendcmd_short_mfucauth(NULL, 1, 0xAF, key, receivedAnswer, receivedAnswerPar, NULL);\r
+       uint8_t resp[19] = {0x00};\r
+       uint8_t respPar[3] = {0,0,0};\r
+\r
+       // REQUEST AUTHENTICATION\r
+       len = mifare_sendcmd_short(NULL, 1, 0x1A, 0x00, resp, respPar ,NULL);\r
        if (len != 11) {\r
-               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= MF_DBG_ERROR) Dbprintf("Cmd Error: %02x", receivedAnswer[0]);\r
-               return 1;\r
+               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= MF_DBG_ERROR) Dbprintf("Cmd Error: %02x", resp[0]);\r
+               return 0;\r
        }\r
-       \r
+\r
+       // tag nonce.\r
+       memcpy(enc_random_b,resp+1,8);\r
+\r
+       // decrypt nonce.\r
+       tdes_2key_dec(random_b, enc_random_b, sizeof(random_b), key, IV );\r
+       rol(random_b,8);\r
+       memcpy(rnd_ab  ,random_a,8);\r
+       memcpy(rnd_ab+8,random_b,8);\r
+\r
        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= MF_DBG_EXTENDED) {\r
-               Dbprintf("Auth2 Resp: %02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x",\r
-                       receivedAnswer[0],receivedAnswer[1],receivedAnswer[2],receivedAnswer[3],receivedAnswer[4],\r
-                       receivedAnswer[5],receivedAnswer[6],receivedAnswer[7],receivedAnswer[8],receivedAnswer[9],\r
-                       receivedAnswer[10]);\r
+               Dbprintf("enc_B: %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x",\r
+                       enc_random_b[0],enc_random_b[1],enc_random_b[2],enc_random_b[3],enc_random_b[4],enc_random_b[5],enc_random_b[6],enc_random_b[7]);\r
+\r
+               Dbprintf("    B: %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x",\r
+                       random_b[0],random_b[1],random_b[2],random_b[3],random_b[4],random_b[5],random_b[6],random_b[7]);\r
+\r
+               Dbprintf("rnd_ab: %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x",\r
+                               rnd_ab[0],rnd_ab[1],rnd_ab[2],rnd_ab[3],rnd_ab[4],rnd_ab[5],rnd_ab[6],rnd_ab[7]);\r
+\r
+               Dbprintf("rnd_ab: %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x",\r
+                               rnd_ab[8],rnd_ab[9],rnd_ab[10],rnd_ab[11],rnd_ab[12],rnd_ab[13],rnd_ab[14],rnd_ab[15] );\r
        }\r
-       memcpy(blockData, receivedAnswer, 11);\r
-       return 0;\r
+\r
+       // encrypt    out, in, length, key, iv\r
+       tdes_2key_enc(rnd_ab, rnd_ab, sizeof(rnd_ab), key, enc_random_b);\r
+       //len = mifare_sendcmd_short_mfucauth(NULL, 1, 0xAF, rnd_ab, resp, respPar, NULL);\r
+       len = mifare_sendcmd(0xAF, rnd_ab, sizeof(rnd_ab), resp, respPar, NULL);\r
+       if (len != 11) {\r
+               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= MF_DBG_ERROR) Dbprintf("Cmd Error: %02x", resp[0]);\r
+               return 0;\r
+       }\r
+\r
+       uint8_t enc_resp[8] = { 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 };\r
+       uint8_t resp_random_a[8] = { 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 };\r
+       memcpy(enc_resp, resp+1, 8);\r
+\r
+       // decrypt    out, in, length, key, iv \r
+       tdes_2key_dec(resp_random_a, enc_resp, 8, key, enc_random_b);\r
+       if ( memcmp(resp_random_a, random_a, 8) != 0 ) {\r
+               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= MF_DBG_ERROR) Dbprintf("failed authentication");\r
+               return 0;\r
+       }\r
+\r
+       if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= MF_DBG_EXTENDED) {\r
+               Dbprintf("e_AB: %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x", \r
+                               rnd_ab[0],rnd_ab[1],rnd_ab[2],rnd_ab[3],\r
+                               rnd_ab[4],rnd_ab[5],rnd_ab[6],rnd_ab[7]);\r
+\r
+               Dbprintf("e_AB: %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x",\r
+                               rnd_ab[8],rnd_ab[9],rnd_ab[10],rnd_ab[11],\r
+                               rnd_ab[12],rnd_ab[13],rnd_ab[14],rnd_ab[15]);\r
+\r
+               Dbprintf("a: %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x",\r
+                               random_a[0],random_a[1],random_a[2],random_a[3],\r
+                               random_a[4],random_a[5],random_a[6],random_a[7]);\r
+\r
+               Dbprintf("b: %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x",\r
+                               resp_random_a[0],resp_random_a[1],resp_random_a[2],resp_random_a[3],\r
+                               resp_random_a[4],resp_random_a[5],resp_random_a[6],resp_random_a[7]);\r
+       }\r
+       return 1;\r
 }\r
 \r
 int mifare_ultra_readblock(uint8_t blockNo, uint8_t *blockData)\r
@@ -339,6 +377,7 @@ int mifare_ultra_readblock(uint8_t blockNo, uint8_t *blockData)
        uint8_t receivedAnswer[MAX_FRAME_SIZE];\r
        uint8_t receivedAnswerPar[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];\r
        \r
+\r
        len = mifare_sendcmd_short(NULL, 1, 0x30, blockNo, receivedAnswer, receivedAnswerPar, NULL);\r
        if (len == 1) {\r
                if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= MF_DBG_ERROR) Dbprintf("Cmd Error: %02x", receivedAnswer[0]);\r
@@ -360,7 +399,6 @@ int mifare_ultra_readblock(uint8_t blockNo, uint8_t *blockData)
        return 0;\r
 }\r
 \r
-\r
 int mifare_classic_writeblock(struct Crypto1State *pcs, uint32_t uid, uint8_t blockNo, uint8_t *blockData) \r
 {\r
        // variables\r
@@ -388,7 +426,7 @@ int mifare_classic_writeblock(struct Crypto1State *pcs, uint32_t uid, uint8_t bl
        for (pos = 0; pos < 18; pos++)\r
        {\r
                d_block_enc[pos] = crypto1_byte(pcs, 0x00, 0) ^ d_block[pos];\r
-               par[pos>>3] |= (((filter(pcs->odd) ^ oddparity(d_block[pos])) & 0x01) << (7 - (pos&0x0007)));\r
+               par[pos>>3] |= (((filter(pcs->odd) ^ oddparity8(d_block[pos])) & 0x01) << (7 - (pos&0x0007)));\r
        }       \r
 \r
        ReaderTransmitPar(d_block_enc, sizeof(d_block_enc), par, NULL);\r
@@ -408,20 +446,20 @@ int mifare_classic_writeblock(struct Crypto1State *pcs, uint32_t uid, uint8_t bl
        return 0;\r
 }\r
 \r
-int mifare_ultra_writeblock(uint8_t blockNo, uint8_t *blockData) \r
+/* // command not needed, but left for future testing\r
+int mifare_ultra_writeblock_compat(uint8_t blockNo, uint8_t *blockData) \r
 {\r
-    uint16_t len;     \r
+       uint16_t len;\r
     uint8_t par[3] = {0};  // enough for 18 parity bits\r
        uint8_t d_block[18] = {0x00};\r
        uint8_t receivedAnswer[MAX_FRAME_SIZE];\r
        uint8_t receivedAnswerPar[MAX_PARITY_SIZE];\r
-        \r
-    // command MIFARE_CLASSIC_WRITEBLOCK\r
+\r
     len = mifare_sendcmd_short(NULL, true, 0xA0, blockNo, receivedAnswer, receivedAnswerPar, NULL);\r
 \r
     if ((len != 1) || (receivedAnswer[0] != 0x0A)) {   //  0x0a - ACK\r
                if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= MF_DBG_ERROR)\r
-                       Dbprintf("Cmd Addr Error: %02x", receivedAnswer[0]);  \r
+                       Dbprintf("Cmd Addr Error: %02x", receivedAnswer[0]);\r
         return 1;\r
     }\r
 \r
@@ -430,29 +468,30 @@ int mifare_ultra_writeblock(uint8_t blockNo, uint8_t *blockData)
 \r
        ReaderTransmitPar(d_block, sizeof(d_block), par, NULL);\r
 \r
-    len = ReaderReceive(receivedAnswer, receivedAnswerPar);    \r
+       len = ReaderReceive(receivedAnswer, receivedAnswerPar);\r
 \r
        if ((len != 1) || (receivedAnswer[0] != 0x0A)) {   //  0x0a - ACK\r
                if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= MF_DBG_ERROR)\r
                        Dbprintf("Cmd Data Error: %02x %d", receivedAnswer[0],len);\r
         return 2;\r
-    }        \r
+       }\r
     return 0;\r
-} \r
+}\r
+*/\r
 \r
-int mifare_ultra_special_writeblock(uint8_t blockNo, uint8_t *blockData)\r
+int mifare_ultra_writeblock(uint8_t blockNo, uint8_t *blockData)\r
 {\r
     uint16_t len;\r
-       uint8_t d_block[8] = {0x00};\r
+       uint8_t d_block[5] = {0x00};\r
        uint8_t receivedAnswer[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE];\r
        uint8_t receivedAnswerPar[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE];\r
 \r
     // command MIFARE_CLASSIC_WRITEBLOCK\r
        d_block[0]= blockNo;\r
        memcpy(d_block+1,blockData,4);\r
-       AppendCrc14443a(d_block, 6);\r
+       //AppendCrc14443a(d_block, 6);\r
 \r
-    len = mifare_sendcmd_short_special(NULL, 1, 0xA2, d_block, receivedAnswer, receivedAnswerPar, NULL);\r
+       len = mifare_sendcmd(0xA2, d_block, sizeof(d_block), receivedAnswer, receivedAnswerPar, NULL);\r
 \r
     if (receivedAnswer[0] != 0x0A) {   //  0x0a - ACK\r
                if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= MF_DBG_ERROR)\r
@@ -461,22 +500,21 @@ int mifare_ultra_special_writeblock(uint8_t blockNo, uint8_t *blockData)
     }\r
     return 0;\r
 }\r
-\r
-int mifare_classic_halt(struct Crypto1State *pcs, uint32_t uid) \r
-{\r
+int mifare_classic_halt_ex(struct Crypto1State *pcs) {\r
        uint16_t len;   \r
-       uint8_t receivedAnswer[MAX_MIFARE_FRAME_SIZE];\r
-       uint8_t receivedAnswerPar[MAX_MIFARE_PARITY_SIZE];\r
+       uint8_t receivedAnswer[4];\r
+       uint8_t receivedAnswerPar[4];\r
 \r
        len = mifare_sendcmd_short(pcs, pcs == NULL ? false:true, 0x50, 0x00, receivedAnswer, receivedAnswerPar, NULL);\r
        if (len != 0) {\r
-               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= MF_DBG_ERROR)\r
-                       Dbprintf("halt error. response len: %x", len);  \r
+               if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= MF_DBG_ERROR) Dbprintf("halt error. response len: %x", len);  \r
                return 1;\r
        }\r
-\r
        return 0;\r
 }\r
+int mifare_classic_halt(struct Crypto1State *pcs, uint32_t uid) {\r
+       return mifare_classic_halt_ex(pcs);\r
+}\r
 \r
 int mifare_ultra_halt()\r
 {\r
@@ -516,8 +554,12 @@ uint8_t FirstBlockOfSector(uint8_t sectorNo)
 \r
 // work with emulator memory\r
 void emlSetMem(uint8_t *data, int blockNum, int blocksCount) {\r
+       emlSetMem_xt(data, blockNum, blocksCount, 16);\r
+}\r
+\r
+void emlSetMem_xt(uint8_t *data, int blockNum, int blocksCount, int blockBtWidth) {\r
        uint8_t* emCARD = BigBuf_get_EM_addr();\r
-       memcpy(emCARD + blockNum * 16, data, blocksCount * 16);\r
+       memcpy(emCARD + blockNum * blockBtWidth, data, blocksCount * blockBtWidth);\r
 }\r
 \r
 void emlGetMem(uint8_t *data, int blockNum, int blocksCount) {\r
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