]> git.zerfleddert.de Git - proxmark3-svn/blobdiff - armsrc/lfops.c
Improvements/Fixes to 14443 sniffing/snooping
[proxmark3-svn] / armsrc / lfops.c
index cde4ae543f515f9a460c646f6a65d65bf90fe2e3..76c4b44e7f1090c5193ceefdb2ae5ea269db407c 100644 (file)
 #include "crc16.h"
 #include "string.h"
 
-void AcquireRawAdcSamples125k(int at134khz)
+void AcquireRawAdcSamples125k(int divisor)
 {
-       if (at134khz)
+       if ( (divisor == 1) || (divisor < 0) || (divisor > 255) )
                FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 88); //134.8Khz
-       else
+       else if (divisor == 0)
                FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 95); //125Khz
+       else
+               FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, divisor);
 
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_READER);
 
@@ -598,7 +600,7 @@ void CmdHIDdemodFSK(int findone, int *high, int *low, int ledcontrol)
 {
        uint8_t *dest = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;
        int m=0, n=0, i=0, idx=0, found=0, lastval=0;
-       uint32_t hi2=0, hi=0, lo=0;
+  uint32_t hi2=0, hi=0, lo=0;
 
        FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 95); //125Khz
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_READER);
@@ -735,15 +737,15 @@ void CmdHIDdemodFSK(int findone, int *high, int *low, int ledcontrol)
                        {
                                found=1;
                                idx+=6;
-                               if (found && (hi2|hi|lo)) {
-                                       if (hi2 != 0){
-                                       Dbprintf("TAG ID: %x%08x%08x (%d)",
-                                               (unsigned int) hi2, (unsigned int) hi, (unsigned int) lo, (unsigned int) (lo>>1) & 0xFFFF);
-                               }               
-                                       else {
-                                         Dbprintf("TAG ID: %x%08x (%d)",
-                                                 (unsigned int) hi, (unsigned int) lo, (unsigned int) (lo>>1) & 0xFFFF);
-                                       }       
+        if (found && (hi2|hi|lo)) {
+          if (hi2 != 0){
+            Dbprintf("TAG ID: %x%08x%08x (%d)",
+                     (unsigned int) hi2, (unsigned int) hi, (unsigned int) lo, (unsigned int) (lo>>1) & 0xFFFF);
+          }
+          else {
+            Dbprintf("TAG ID: %x%08x (%d)",
+                     (unsigned int) hi, (unsigned int) lo, (unsigned int) (lo>>1) & 0xFFFF);
+          }
                                        /* if we're only looking for one tag */
                                        if (findone)
                                        {
@@ -751,7 +753,7 @@ void CmdHIDdemodFSK(int findone, int *high, int *low, int ledcontrol)
                                                *low = lo;
                                                return;
                                        }
-                                       hi2=0;
+          hi2=0;
                                        hi=0;
                                        lo=0;
                                        found=0;
@@ -759,16 +761,16 @@ void CmdHIDdemodFSK(int findone, int *high, int *low, int ledcontrol)
                        }
                        if (found) {
                                if (dest[idx] && (!dest[idx+1]) ) {
-                                       hi2=(hi2<<1)|(hi>>31);
+          hi2=(hi2<<1)|(hi>>31);
                                        hi=(hi<<1)|(lo>>31);
                                        lo=(lo<<1)|0;
                                } else if ( (!dest[idx]) && dest[idx+1]) {
-                                       hi2=(hi2<<1)|(hi>>31);
+          hi2=(hi2<<1)|(hi>>31);
                                        hi=(hi<<1)|(lo>>31);
                                        lo=(lo<<1)|1;
                                } else {
                                        found=0;
-                                       hi2=0;
+          hi2=0;
                                        hi=0;
                                        lo=0;
                                }
@@ -779,14 +781,14 @@ void CmdHIDdemodFSK(int findone, int *high, int *low, int ledcontrol)
                                found=1;
                                idx+=6;
                                if (found && (hi|lo)) {
-                                       if (hi2 != 0){
-                                       Dbprintf("TAG ID: %x%08x%08x (%d)",
-                                               (unsigned int) hi2, (unsigned int) hi, (unsigned int) lo, (unsigned int) (lo>>1) & 0xFFFF);
-                               }               
-                                       else {
-                                         Dbprintf("TAG ID: %x%08x (%d)",
-                                                 (unsigned int) hi, (unsigned int) lo, (unsigned int) (lo>>1) & 0xFFFF);
-                                       }       
+          if (hi2 != 0){
+            Dbprintf("TAG ID: %x%08x%08x (%d)",
+                     (unsigned int) hi2, (unsigned int) hi, (unsigned int) lo, (unsigned int) (lo>>1) & 0xFFFF);
+          }
+          else {
+            Dbprintf("TAG ID: %x%08x (%d)",
+                     (unsigned int) hi, (unsigned int) lo, (unsigned int) (lo>>1) & 0xFFFF);
+          }
                                        /* if we're only looking for one tag */
                                        if (findone)
                                        {
@@ -805,6 +807,263 @@ void CmdHIDdemodFSK(int findone, int *high, int *low, int ledcontrol)
        }
 }
 
+void CmdIOdemodFSK(int findone, int *high, int *low, int ledcontrol)
+{
+       uint8_t *dest = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;
+       int m=0, n=0, i=0, idx=0, lastval=0;
+       int found=0;
+       uint32_t code=0, code2=0;
+       //uint32_t hi2=0, hi=0, lo=0;
+
+       FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 95); //125Khz
+       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_READER);
+
+       // Connect the A/D to the peak-detected low-frequency path.
+       SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_LOPKD);
+
+       // Give it a bit of time for the resonant antenna to settle.
+       SpinDelay(50);
+
+       // Now set up the SSC to get the ADC samples that are now streaming at us.
+       FpgaSetupSsc();
+
+       for(;;) {
+               WDT_HIT();
+               if (ledcontrol)
+                       LED_A_ON();
+               if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
+                       DbpString("Stopped");
+                       if (ledcontrol)
+                               LED_A_OFF();
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               i = 0;
+               m = sizeof(BigBuf);
+               memset(dest,128,m);
+               for(;;) {
+                       if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
+                               AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0x43;
+                               if (ledcontrol)
+                                       LED_D_ON();
+                       }
+                       if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {
+                               dest[i] = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
+                               // we don't care about actual value, only if it's more or less than a
+                               // threshold essentially we capture zero crossings for later analysis
+                               if(dest[i] < 127) dest[i] = 0; else dest[i] = 1;
+                               i++;
+                               if (ledcontrol)
+                                       LED_D_OFF();
+                               if(i >= m) {
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+
+               // FSK demodulator
+
+               // sync to first lo-hi transition
+               for( idx=1; idx<m; idx++) {
+                       if (dest[idx-1]<dest[idx])
+                               lastval=idx;
+                               break;
+               }
+               WDT_HIT();
+
+               // count cycles between consecutive lo-hi transitions, there should be either 8 (fc/8)
+               // or 10 (fc/10) cycles but in practice due to noise etc we may end up with with anywhere
+               // between 7 to 11 cycles so fuzz it by treat anything <9 as 8 and anything else as 10
+               for( i=0; idx<m; idx++) {
+                       if (dest[idx-1]<dest[idx]) {
+                               dest[i]=idx-lastval;
+                               if (dest[i] <= 8) {
+                                               dest[i]=1;
+                               } else {
+                                               dest[i]=0;
+                               }
+
+                               lastval=idx;
+                               i++;
+                       }
+               }
+               m=i;
+               WDT_HIT();
+
+               // we now have a set of cycle counts, loop over previous results and aggregate data into bit patterns
+               lastval=dest[0];
+               idx=0;
+               i=0;
+               n=0;
+               for( idx=0; idx<m; idx++) {
+                       if (dest[idx]==lastval) {
+                               n++;
+                       } else {
+                               // a bit time is five fc/10 or six fc/8 cycles so figure out how many bits a pattern width represents,
+                               // an extra fc/8 pattern preceeds every 4 bits (about 200 cycles) just to complicate things but it gets
+                               // swallowed up by rounding
+                               // expected results are 1 or 2 bits, any more and it's an invalid manchester encoding
+                               // special start of frame markers use invalid manchester states (no transitions) by using sequences
+                               // like 111000
+                               if (dest[idx-1]) {
+                                       n=(n+1)/7;                      // fc/8 in sets of 7
+                               } else {
+                                       n=(n+1)/6;                      // fc/10 in sets of 6
+                               }
+                               switch (n) {                    // stuff appropriate bits in buffer
+                                       case 0:
+                                       case 1: // one bit
+                                               dest[i++]=dest[idx-1]^1;
+                                               //Dbprintf("%d",dest[idx-1]);
+                                               break;
+                                       case 2: // two bits
+                                               dest[i++]=dest[idx-1]^1;
+                                               dest[i++]=dest[idx-1]^1;
+                                               //Dbprintf("%d",dest[idx-1]);
+                                               //Dbprintf("%d",dest[idx-1]);
+                                               break;
+                                       case 3: // 3 bit start of frame markers
+                                               for(int j=0; j<3; j++){
+                                                 dest[i++]=dest[idx-1]^1;
+                                               //  Dbprintf("%d",dest[idx-1]);
+                                               }
+                                               break;
+                                       case 4:
+                                               for(int j=0; j<4; j++){
+                                                 dest[i++]=dest[idx-1]^1;
+                                               //  Dbprintf("%d",dest[idx-1]);
+                                               }
+                                               break;
+                                       case 5:
+                                               for(int j=0; j<5; j++){
+                                                 dest[i++]=dest[idx-1]^1;
+                                               //  Dbprintf("%d",dest[idx-1]);
+                                               }
+                                               break;
+                                       case 6:
+                                               for(int j=0; j<6; j++){
+                                                 dest[i++]=dest[idx-1]^1;
+                                               //  Dbprintf("%d",dest[idx-1]);
+                                               }
+                                               break;
+                                       case 7:
+                                               for(int j=0; j<7; j++){
+                                                 dest[i++]=dest[idx-1]^1;
+                                               //  Dbprintf("%d",dest[idx-1]);
+                                               }
+                                               break;
+                                       case 8:
+                                               for(int j=0; j<8; j++){
+                                                 dest[i++]=dest[idx-1]^1;
+                                               //  Dbprintf("%d",dest[idx-1]);
+                                               }
+                                               break;
+                                       case 9:
+                                               for(int j=0; j<9; j++){
+                                                 dest[i++]=dest[idx-1]^1;
+                                               //  Dbprintf("%d",dest[idx-1]);
+                                               }
+                                               break;
+                                       case 10:
+                                               for(int j=0; j<10; j++){
+                                                 dest[i++]=dest[idx-1]^1;
+                                               //  Dbprintf("%d",dest[idx-1]);
+                                               }
+                                               break;
+                                       case 11:
+                                               for(int j=0; j<11; j++){
+                                                 dest[i++]=dest[idx-1]^1;
+                                               //  Dbprintf("%d",dest[idx-1]);
+                                               }
+                                               break;
+                                       case 12:
+                                               for(int j=0; j<12; j++){
+                                                 dest[i++]=dest[idx-1]^1;
+                                                // Dbprintf("%d",dest[idx-1]);
+                                               }
+                                               break;
+                                       default:        // this shouldn't happen, don't stuff any bits
+                                               //Dbprintf("%d",dest[idx-1]);
+                                               break;
+                               }
+                               n=0;
+                               lastval=dest[idx];
+                       }
+               }//end for
+               /*for(int j=0; j<64;j+=8){
+                 Dbprintf("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d",dest[j],dest[j+1],dest[j+2],dest[j+3],dest[j+4],dest[j+5],dest[j+6],dest[j+7]);
+               }
+               Dbprintf("\n");*/
+               m=i;
+               WDT_HIT();
+               
+        for( idx=0; idx<m-9; idx++) {
+         if ( !(dest[idx]) && !(dest[idx+1]) && !(dest[idx+2]) && !(dest[idx+3]) && !(dest[idx+4]) && !(dest[idx+5]) && !(dest[idx+6]) && !(dest[idx+7]) && !(dest[idx+8])&& (dest[idx+9])){
+               found=1;
+               //idx+=9;
+               if (found) {
+                   Dbprintf("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d",dest[idx],   dest[idx+1],   dest[idx+2],dest[idx+3],dest[idx+4],dest[idx+5],dest[idx+6],dest[idx+7]);
+                   Dbprintf("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d",dest[idx+8], dest[idx+9], dest[idx+10],dest[idx+11],dest[idx+12],dest[idx+13],dest[idx+14],dest[idx+15]);                         
+                   Dbprintf("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d",dest[idx+16],dest[idx+17],dest[idx+18],dest[idx+19],dest[idx+20],dest[idx+21],dest[idx+22],dest[idx+23]);
+                   Dbprintf("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d",dest[idx+24],dest[idx+25],dest[idx+26],dest[idx+27],dest[idx+28],dest[idx+29],dest[idx+30],dest[idx+31]);
+                   Dbprintf("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d",dest[idx+32],dest[idx+33],dest[idx+34],dest[idx+35],dest[idx+36],dest[idx+37],dest[idx+38],dest[idx+39]);
+                   Dbprintf("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d",dest[idx+40],dest[idx+41],dest[idx+42],dest[idx+43],dest[idx+44],dest[idx+45],dest[idx+46],dest[idx+47]);
+                   Dbprintf("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d",dest[idx+48],dest[idx+49],dest[idx+50],dest[idx+51],dest[idx+52],dest[idx+53],dest[idx+54],dest[idx+55]);
+                   Dbprintf("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d",dest[idx+56],dest[idx+57],dest[idx+58],dest[idx+59],dest[idx+60],dest[idx+61],dest[idx+62],dest[idx+63]);
+               
+                   short version='\x00';
+                   char unknown='\x00';
+                   uint16_t number=0;
+                   for(int j=14;j<18;j++){
+                      //Dbprintf("%d",dest[idx+j]);
+                      version <<=1;
+                      if (dest[idx+j]) version |= 1;
+                   }
+                   for(int j=19;j<27;j++){
+                      //Dbprintf("%d",dest[idx+j]);
+                      unknown <<=1;
+                      if (dest[idx+j]) unknown |= 1;
+                   }
+                   for(int j=36;j<45;j++){
+                      //Dbprintf("%d",dest[idx+j]);
+                      number <<=1;
+                      if (dest[idx+j]) number |= 1;
+                   }
+                   for(int j=46;j<53;j++){
+                      //Dbprintf("%d",dest[idx+j]);
+                      number <<=1;
+                      if (dest[idx+j]) number |= 1;
+                   }
+                   for(int j=0; j<32; j++){
+                       code <<=1;
+                       if(dest[idx+j]) code |= 1;
+                   }
+                   for(int j=32; j<64; j++){
+                       code2 <<=1;
+                       if(dest[idx+j]) code2 |= 1;
+                   }
+                   
+                   Dbprintf("XSF(%02d)%02x:%d (%08x%08x)",version,unknown,number,code,code2);
+                   if (ledcontrol)
+                       LED_D_OFF();
+               }
+               // if we're only looking for one tag 
+               if (findone){
+                       //*high = hi;
+                       //*low = lo;
+                       LED_A_OFF();
+                       return;
+               }
+      
+               //hi=0;
+               //lo=0;
+               found=0;
+         }
+               
+       }
+       }
+       WDT_HIT();
+}
 
 /*------------------------------
  * T5555/T5557/T5567 routines
@@ -902,11 +1161,11 @@ void T55xxWriteBlock(uint32_t Data, uint32_t Block, uint32_t Pwd, uint8_t PwdMod
        // Opcode
        T55xxWriteBit(1);
        T55xxWriteBit(0); //Page 0
-       if (PwdMode == 1){
-               // Pwd
-               for (i = 0x80000000; i != 0; i >>= 1)
-                       T55xxWriteBit(Pwd & i);
-       }       
+  if (PwdMode == 1){
+    // Pwd
+    for (i = 0x80000000; i != 0; i >>= 1)
+      T55xxWriteBit(Pwd & i);
+  }
        // Lock bit
        T55xxWriteBit(0);
 
@@ -926,13 +1185,12 @@ void T55xxWriteBlock(uint32_t Data, uint32_t Block, uint32_t Pwd, uint8_t PwdMod
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
 }
 
-
-// Read one card block in page 0 
+// Read one card block in page 0
 void T55xxReadBlock(uint32_t Block, uint32_t Pwd, uint8_t PwdMode)
 {
        uint8_t *dest = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;
        int m=0, i=0;
+  
        m = sizeof(BigBuf);
   // Clear destination buffer before sending the command
        memset(dest, 128, m);
@@ -940,19 +1198,19 @@ void T55xxReadBlock(uint32_t Block, uint32_t Pwd, uint8_t PwdMode)
        SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_LOPKD);
        // Now set up the SSC to get the ADC samples that are now streaming at us.
        FpgaSetupSsc();
-
+  
        LED_D_ON();
        FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 95); //125Khz
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_READER);
-
+  
        // Give it a bit of time for the resonant antenna to settle.
        // And for the tag to fully power up
        SpinDelay(150);
-
+  
        // Now start writting
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
        SpinDelayUs(START_GAP);
-
+  
        // Opcode
        T55xxWriteBit(1);
        T55xxWriteBit(0); //Page 0
@@ -960,7 +1218,7 @@ void T55xxReadBlock(uint32_t Block, uint32_t Pwd, uint8_t PwdMode)
                // Pwd
                for (i = 0x80000000; i != 0; i >>= 1)
                        T55xxWriteBit(Pwd & i);
-       }       
+       }
        // Lock bit
        T55xxWriteBit(0);
        // Block
@@ -970,8 +1228,8 @@ void T55xxReadBlock(uint32_t Block, uint32_t Pwd, uint8_t PwdMode)
   // Turn field on to read the response
        FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 95); //125Khz
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_READER);
-
-       // Now do the acquisition 
+  
+       // Now do the acquisition
        i = 0;
        for(;;) {
                if (AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_TXRDY) {
@@ -981,22 +1239,22 @@ void T55xxReadBlock(uint32_t Block, uint32_t Pwd, uint8_t PwdMode)
                        dest[i] = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
                        // we don't care about actual value, only if it's more or less than a
                        // threshold essentially we capture zero crossings for later analysis
-//                     if(dest[i] < 127) dest[i] = 0; else dest[i] = 1;
+      //                       if(dest[i] < 127) dest[i] = 0; else dest[i] = 1;
                        i++;
                        if (i >= m) break;
                }
        }
-
+  
   FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF); // field off
        LED_D_OFF();
        DbpString("DONE!");
 }
 
 // Read card traceability data (page 1)
-void T55xxReadTrace(void){ 
+void T55xxReadTrace(void){
        uint8_t *dest = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;
        int m=0, i=0;
+  
        m = sizeof(BigBuf);
   // Clear destination buffer before sending the command
        memset(dest, 128, m);
@@ -1004,19 +1262,19 @@ void T55xxReadTrace(void){
        SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_LOPKD);
        // Now set up the SSC to get the ADC samples that are now streaming at us.
        FpgaSetupSsc();
-
+  
        LED_D_ON();
        FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 95); //125Khz
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_READER);
-
+  
        // Give it a bit of time for the resonant antenna to settle.
        // And for the tag to fully power up
        SpinDelay(150);
-
+  
        // Now start writting
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
        SpinDelayUs(START_GAP);
-
+  
        // Opcode
        T55xxWriteBit(1);
        T55xxWriteBit(1); //Page 1
@@ -1024,8 +1282,8 @@ void T55xxReadTrace(void){
   // Turn field on to read the response
        FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 95); //125Khz
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_READER);
-
-       // Now do the acquisition 
+  
+       // Now do the acquisition
        i = 0;
        for(;;) {
                if (AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_TXRDY) {
@@ -1037,7 +1295,7 @@ void T55xxReadTrace(void){
                        if (i >= m) break;
                }
        }
-
+  
   FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF); // field off
        LED_D_OFF();
        DbpString("DONE!");
@@ -1047,9 +1305,9 @@ void T55xxReadTrace(void){
 // Copy HID id to card and setup block 0 config
 void CopyHIDtoT55x7(uint32_t hi2, uint32_t hi, uint32_t lo, uint8_t longFMT)
 {
-       int data1, data2, data3, data4, data5, data6; //up to six blocks for long format
+       int data1=0, data2=0, data3=0, data4=0, data5=0, data6=0; //up to six blocks for long format
        int last_block = 0;
-
+  
   if (longFMT){
          // Ensure no more than 84 bits supplied
          if (hi2>0xFFFFF) {
@@ -1065,7 +1323,7 @@ void CopyHIDtoT55x7(uint32_t hi2, uint32_t hi, uint32_t lo, uint8_t longFMT)
                  else
                          data1 |= (1<<((3-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
          }
-
+    
        data2 = 0;
        for (int i=0;i<16;i++) {
                if (hi2 & (1<<(15-i)))
@@ -1073,7 +1331,7 @@ void CopyHIDtoT55x7(uint32_t hi2, uint32_t hi, uint32_t lo, uint8_t longFMT)
                else
                        data2 |= (1<<((15-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
     }
-
+    
        data3 = 0;
        for (int i=0;i<16;i++) {
                if (hi & (1<<(31-i)))
@@ -1081,7 +1339,7 @@ void CopyHIDtoT55x7(uint32_t hi2, uint32_t hi, uint32_t lo, uint8_t longFMT)
                else
                        data3 |= (1<<((15-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
        }
-  
+    
        data4 = 0;
        for (int i=0;i<16;i++) {
                if (hi & (1<<(15-i)))
@@ -1097,7 +1355,7 @@ void CopyHIDtoT55x7(uint32_t hi2, uint32_t hi, uint32_t lo, uint8_t longFMT)
                else
                        data5 |= (1<<((15-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
        }
-  
+    
        data6 = 0;
        for (int i=0;i<16;i++) {
                if (lo & (1<<(15-i)))
@@ -1106,25 +1364,25 @@ void CopyHIDtoT55x7(uint32_t hi2, uint32_t hi, uint32_t lo, uint8_t longFMT)
                        data6 |= (1<<((15-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
     }
   }
-  else {       
+  else {
          // Ensure no more than 44 bits supplied
          if (hi>0xFFF) {
                  DbpString("Tags can only have 44 bits.");
                  return;
          }
-
+    
        // Build the 3 data blocks for supplied 44bit ID
        last_block = 3;
        
        data1 = 0x1D000000; // load preamble
-  
-       for (int i=0;i<12;i++) {
-               if (hi & (1<<(11-i)))
-                       data1 |= (1<<(((11-i)*2)+1)); // 1 -> 10
-               else
-                       data1 |= (1<<((11-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
-       }
-  
+    
+    for (int i=0;i<12;i++) {
+      if (hi & (1<<(11-i)))
+        data1 |= (1<<(((11-i)*2)+1)); // 1 -> 10
+      else
+        data1 |= (1<<((11-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
+    }
+    
        data2 = 0;
        for (int i=0;i<16;i++) {
                if (lo & (1<<(31-i)))
@@ -1132,16 +1390,16 @@ void CopyHIDtoT55x7(uint32_t hi2, uint32_t hi, uint32_t lo, uint8_t longFMT)
                else
                        data2 |= (1<<((15-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
        }
-  
+    
        data3 = 0;
        for (int i=0;i<16;i++) {
                if (lo & (1<<(15-i)))
                        data3 |= (1<<(((15-i)*2)+1)); // 1 -> 10
                else
                        data3 |= (1<<((15-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
-       }               
+       }
   }
-
+  
        LED_D_ON();
        // Program the data blocks for supplied ID
        // and the block 0 for HID format
@@ -1154,18 +1412,38 @@ void CopyHIDtoT55x7(uint32_t hi2, uint32_t hi, uint32_t lo, uint8_t longFMT)
          T55xxWriteBlock(data5,5,0,0);
          T55xxWriteBlock(data6,6,0,0);
   }
-
+  
        // Config for HID (RF/50, FSK2a, Maxblock=3 for short/6 for long)
        T55xxWriteBlock(T55x7_BITRATE_RF_50    |
-                       T55x7_MODULATION_FSK2a |
-                       last_block << T55x7_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT,
-                       0,0,0);
+                  T55x7_MODULATION_FSK2a |
+                  last_block << T55x7_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT,
+                  0,0,0);
   
        LED_D_OFF();
        
        DbpString("DONE!");
 }
 
+void CopyIOtoT55x7(uint32_t hi, uint32_t lo, uint8_t longFMT)
+{
+   int data1=0, data2=0; //up to six blocks for long format
+       
+    data1 = hi;  // load preamble
+    data2 = lo;
+    
+    LED_D_ON();
+    // Program the data blocks for supplied ID
+    // and the block 0 for HID format
+    T55xxWriteBlock(data1,1,0,0);
+    T55xxWriteBlock(data2,2,0,0);
+       
+    //Config Block
+    T55xxWriteBlock(0x00147040,0,0,0);
+    LED_D_OFF();
+       
+    DbpString("DONE!");
+}
+
 // Define 9bit header for EM410x tags
 #define EM410X_HEADER          0x1FF
 #define EM410X_ID_LENGTH       40
@@ -1177,6 +1455,7 @@ void WriteEM410x(uint32_t card, uint32_t id_hi, uint32_t id_lo)
        uint64_t rev_id = 0;    // reversed ID
        int c_parity[4];        // column parity
        int r_parity = 0;       // row parity
+       uint32_t clock = 0;
 
        // Reverse ID bits given as parameter (for simpler operations)
        for (i = 0; i < EM410X_ID_LENGTH; ++i) {
@@ -1234,12 +1513,35 @@ void WriteEM410x(uint32_t card, uint32_t id_hi, uint32_t id_lo)
        T55xxWriteBlock((uint32_t)id, 2, 0, 0);
 
        // Config for EM410x (RF/64, Manchester, Maxblock=2)
-       if (card)
+       if (card) {
+               // Clock rate is stored in bits 8-15 of the card value
+               clock = (card & 0xFF00) >> 8;
+               Dbprintf("Clock rate: %d", clock);
+               switch (clock)
+               {
+                       case 32:
+                               clock = T55x7_BITRATE_RF_32;
+                               break;
+                       case 16:
+                               clock = T55x7_BITRATE_RF_16;
+                               break;
+                       case 0:
+                               // A value of 0 is assumed to be 64 for backwards-compatibility
+                               // Fall through...
+                       case 64:
+                               clock = T55x7_BITRATE_RF_64;
+                               break;      
+                       default:
+                               Dbprintf("Invalid clock rate: %d", clock);
+                               return;
+               }
+
                // Writing configuration for T55x7 tag
-               T55xxWriteBlock(T55x7_BITRATE_RF_64         |
+               T55xxWriteBlock(clock       |
                                T55x7_MODULATION_MANCHESTER |
                                2 << T55x7_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT,
                                0, 0, 0);
+  }
        else
                // Writing configuration for T5555(Q5) tag
                T55xxWriteBlock(0x1F << T5555_BITRATE_SHIFT |
@@ -1264,7 +1566,7 @@ void CopyIndala64toT55x7(int hi, int lo)
        T55xxWriteBlock(T55x7_BITRATE_RF_32    |
                        T55x7_MODULATION_PSK1 |
                        2 << T55x7_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT,
-                       0,0,0);
+                       0, 0, 0);
        //Alternative config for Indala (Extended mode;RF/32;PSK1 with RF/2;Maxblock=2;Inverse data)
 //     T5567WriteBlock(0x603E1042,0);
 
@@ -1296,165 +1598,166 @@ void CopyIndala224toT55x7(int uid1, int uid2, int uid3, int uid4, int uid5, int
 
 }
 
+
 #define abs(x) ( ((x)<0) ? -(x) : (x) )
 #define max(x,y) ( x<y ? y:x)
 
 int DemodPCF7931(uint8_t **outBlocks) {
-  uint8_t BitStream[256];
-  uint8_t Blocks[8][16];
-  uint8_t *GraphBuffer = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;
-  int GraphTraceLen = sizeof(BigBuf);
-  int i, j, lastval, bitidx, half_switch;
-  int clock = 64;
-  int tolerance = clock / 8;
-  int pmc, block_done;
-  int lc, warnings = 0;
-  int num_blocks = 0;
-  int lmin=128, lmax=128;
-  uint8_t dir;
-
-  AcquireRawAdcSamples125k(0);
-
-  lmin = 64;
-  lmax = 192;
-
-  i = 2;
-
-  /* Find first local max/min */
-  if(GraphBuffer[1] > GraphBuffer[0]) {
+       uint8_t BitStream[256];
+       uint8_t Blocks[8][16];
+       uint8_t *GraphBuffer = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;
+       int GraphTraceLen = sizeof(BigBuf);
+       int i, j, lastval, bitidx, half_switch;
+       int clock = 64;
+       int tolerance = clock / 8;
+       int pmc, block_done;
+       int lc, warnings = 0;
+       int num_blocks = 0;
+       int lmin=128, lmax=128;
+       uint8_t dir;
+       
+       AcquireRawAdcSamples125k(0);
+       
+       lmin = 64;
+       lmax = 192;
+       
+       i = 2;
+       
+       /* Find first local max/min */
+       if(GraphBuffer[1] > GraphBuffer[0]) {
     while(i < GraphTraceLen) {
       if( !(GraphBuffer[i] > GraphBuffer[i-1]) && GraphBuffer[i] > lmax)
-       break;
+        break;
       i++;
     }
     dir = 0;
-  }
-  else {
+       }
+       else {
     while(i < GraphTraceLen) {
       if( !(GraphBuffer[i] < GraphBuffer[i-1]) && GraphBuffer[i] < lmin)
-       break;
+        break;
       i++;
     }
     dir = 1;
-  }
-  
-  lastval = i++;
-  half_switch = 0;
-  pmc = 0;
-  block_done = 0;
-  
-  for (bitidx = 0; i < GraphTraceLen; i++)
-    {
-      if ( (GraphBuffer[i-1] > GraphBuffer[i] && dir == 1 && GraphBuffer[i] > lmax) || (GraphBuffer[i-1] < GraphBuffer[i] && dir == 0 && GraphBuffer[i] < lmin))
-       {
-         lc = i - lastval;
-         lastval = i;
-         
-         // Switch depending on lc length:
-         // Tolerance is 1/8 of clock rate (arbitrary)
-         if (abs(lc-clock/4) < tolerance) {
-           // 16T0
-           if((i - pmc) == lc) { /* 16T0 was previous one */
-             /* It's a PMC ! */
-             i += (128+127+16+32+33+16)-1;
-             lastval = i;
-             pmc = 0;
-             block_done = 1;
-           }
-           else {
-             pmc = i;
-           }
-         } else if (abs(lc-clock/2) < tolerance) {
-           // 32TO
-           if((i - pmc) == lc) { /* 16T0 was previous one */
-             /* It's a PMC ! */
-             i += (128+127+16+32+33)-1;
-             lastval = i;
-             pmc = 0;
-             block_done = 1;
-           }
-           else if(half_switch == 1) {
-             BitStream[bitidx++] = 0;
-             half_switch = 0;
-           }
-           else
-             half_switch++;
-         } else if (abs(lc-clock) < tolerance) {
-           // 64TO
-           BitStream[bitidx++] = 1;
-         } else {
-           // Error
-           warnings++;
-           if (warnings > 10)
-             {
-               Dbprintf("Error: too many detection errors, aborting.");
-               return 0;
-             }
-         }
-         
-         if(block_done == 1) {
-           if(bitidx == 128) {
-             for(j=0; j<16; j++) {
-               Blocks[num_blocks][j] = 128*BitStream[j*8+7]+
-                 64*BitStream[j*8+6]+
-                 32*BitStream[j*8+5]+
-                 16*BitStream[j*8+4]+
-                 8*BitStream[j*8+3]+
-                 4*BitStream[j*8+2]+
-                 2*BitStream[j*8+1]+
-                 BitStream[j*8];
-             }
-             num_blocks++;
-           }
-           bitidx = 0;
-           block_done = 0;
-           half_switch = 0;
-         }
-         if (GraphBuffer[i-1] > GraphBuffer[i]) dir=0;
-         else dir = 1;
        }
-      if(bitidx==255)
-       bitidx=0;
-      warnings = 0;
-      if(num_blocks == 4) break;
+       
+       lastval = i++;
+       half_switch = 0;
+       pmc = 0;
+       block_done = 0;
+       
+       for (bitidx = 0; i < GraphTraceLen; i++)
+       {
+    if ( (GraphBuffer[i-1] > GraphBuffer[i] && dir == 1 && GraphBuffer[i] > lmax) || (GraphBuffer[i-1] < GraphBuffer[i] && dir == 0 && GraphBuffer[i] < lmin))
+    {
+      lc = i - lastval;
+      lastval = i;
+      
+      // Switch depending on lc length:
+      // Tolerance is 1/8 of clock rate (arbitrary)
+      if (abs(lc-clock/4) < tolerance) {
+        // 16T0
+        if((i - pmc) == lc) { /* 16T0 was previous one */
+          /* It's a PMC ! */
+          i += (128+127+16+32+33+16)-1;
+          lastval = i;
+          pmc = 0;
+          block_done = 1;
+        }
+        else {
+          pmc = i;
+        }
+      } else if (abs(lc-clock/2) < tolerance) {
+        // 32TO
+        if((i - pmc) == lc) { /* 16T0 was previous one */
+          /* It's a PMC ! */
+          i += (128+127+16+32+33)-1;
+          lastval = i;
+          pmc = 0;
+          block_done = 1;
+        }
+        else if(half_switch == 1) {
+          BitStream[bitidx++] = 0;
+          half_switch = 0;
+        }
+        else
+          half_switch++;
+      } else if (abs(lc-clock) < tolerance) {
+        // 64TO
+        BitStream[bitidx++] = 1;
+      } else {
+        // Error
+        warnings++;
+        if (warnings > 10)
+        {
+          Dbprintf("Error: too many detection errors, aborting.");
+          return 0;
+        }
+      }
+      
+      if(block_done == 1) {
+        if(bitidx == 128) {
+          for(j=0; j<16; j++) {
+            Blocks[num_blocks][j] = 128*BitStream[j*8+7]+
+            64*BitStream[j*8+6]+
+            32*BitStream[j*8+5]+
+            16*BitStream[j*8+4]+
+            8*BitStream[j*8+3]+
+            4*BitStream[j*8+2]+
+            2*BitStream[j*8+1]+
+            BitStream[j*8];
+          }
+          num_blocks++;
+        }
+        bitidx = 0;
+        block_done = 0;
+        half_switch = 0;
+      }
+      if (GraphBuffer[i-1] > GraphBuffer[i]) dir=0;
+      else dir = 1;
     }
-  memcpy(outBlocks, Blocks, 16*num_blocks);
-  return num_blocks;
+    if(bitidx==255)
+      bitidx=0;
+    warnings = 0;
+    if(num_blocks == 4) break;
+       }
+       memcpy(outBlocks, Blocks, 16*num_blocks);
+       return num_blocks;
 }
 
 int IsBlock0PCF7931(uint8_t *Block) {
-  // Assume RFU means 0 :)
-  if((memcmp(Block, "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01", 8) == 0) && memcmp(Block+9, "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", 7) == 0) // PAC enabled
+       // Assume RFU means 0 :)
+       if((memcmp(Block, "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01", 8) == 0) && memcmp(Block+9, "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", 7) == 0) // PAC enabled
     return 1;
-  if((memcmp(Block+9, "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", 7) == 0) && Block[7] == 0) // PAC disabled, can it *really* happen ?
+       if((memcmp(Block+9, "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", 7) == 0) && Block[7] == 0) // PAC disabled, can it *really* happen ?
     return 1;
-  return 0;
+       return 0;
 }
 
 int IsBlock1PCF7931(uint8_t *Block) {
-  // Assume RFU means 0 :)
-  if(Block[10] == 0 && Block[11] == 0 && Block[12] == 0 && Block[13] == 0)
+       // Assume RFU means 0 :)
+       if(Block[10] == 0 && Block[11] == 0 && Block[12] == 0 && Block[13] == 0)
     if((Block[14] & 0x7f) <= 9 && Block[15] <= 9)
       return 1;
-
-  return 0;
+       
+       return 0;
 }
 
 #define ALLOC 16
 
 void ReadPCF7931() {
-  uint8_t Blocks[8][17];
-  uint8_t tmpBlocks[4][16];
-  int i, j, ind, ind2, n;
-  int num_blocks = 0;
-  int max_blocks = 8;
-  int ident = 0;
-  int error = 0;
-  int tries = 0;
-  
-  memset(Blocks, 0, 8*17*sizeof(uint8_t));
-
-  do {
+       uint8_t Blocks[8][17];
+       uint8_t tmpBlocks[4][16];
+       int i, j, ind, ind2, n;
+       int num_blocks = 0;
+       int max_blocks = 8;
+       int ident = 0;
+       int error = 0;
+       int tries = 0;
+       
+       memset(Blocks, 0, 8*17*sizeof(uint8_t));
+       
+       do {
     memset(tmpBlocks, 0, 4*16*sizeof(uint8_t));
     n = DemodPCF7931((uint8_t**)tmpBlocks);
     if(!n)
@@ -1471,304 +1774,303 @@ void ReadPCF7931() {
     
     for(i=0; i<n; i++)
       Dbprintf("(dbg) %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x",
-              tmpBlocks[i][0], tmpBlocks[i][1], tmpBlocks[i][2], tmpBlocks[i][3], tmpBlocks[i][4], tmpBlocks[i][5], tmpBlocks[i][6], tmpBlocks[i][7], 
-              tmpBlocks[i][8], tmpBlocks[i][9], tmpBlocks[i][10], tmpBlocks[i][11], tmpBlocks[i][12], tmpBlocks[i][13], tmpBlocks[i][14], tmpBlocks[i][15]);
+               tmpBlocks[i][0], tmpBlocks[i][1], tmpBlocks[i][2], tmpBlocks[i][3], tmpBlocks[i][4], tmpBlocks[i][5], tmpBlocks[i][6], tmpBlocks[i][7],
+               tmpBlocks[i][8], tmpBlocks[i][9], tmpBlocks[i][10], tmpBlocks[i][11], tmpBlocks[i][12], tmpBlocks[i][13], tmpBlocks[i][14], tmpBlocks[i][15]);
     if(!ident) {
       for(i=0; i<n; i++) {
-       if(IsBlock0PCF7931(tmpBlocks[i])) {
-         // Found block 0 ?
-         if(i < n-1 && IsBlock1PCF7931(tmpBlocks[i+1])) {
-           // Found block 1!
-           // \o/
-           ident = 1;
-           memcpy(Blocks[0], tmpBlocks[i], 16);
-           Blocks[0][ALLOC] = 1;
-           memcpy(Blocks[1], tmpBlocks[i+1], 16);
-           Blocks[1][ALLOC] = 1;
-           max_blocks = max((Blocks[1][14] & 0x7f), Blocks[1][15]) + 1;
-           // Debug print
-           Dbprintf("(dbg) Max blocks: %d", max_blocks);
-           num_blocks = 2;
-           // Handle following blocks
-           for(j=i+2, ind2=2; j!=i; j++, ind2++, num_blocks++) {
-             if(j==n) j=0;
-             if(j==i) break;
-             memcpy(Blocks[ind2], tmpBlocks[j], 16);
-             Blocks[ind2][ALLOC] = 1;
-           }
-           break;
-         }
-       }
+        if(IsBlock0PCF7931(tmpBlocks[i])) {
+          // Found block 0 ?
+          if(i < n-1 && IsBlock1PCF7931(tmpBlocks[i+1])) {
+            // Found block 1!
+            // \o/
+            ident = 1;
+            memcpy(Blocks[0], tmpBlocks[i], 16);
+            Blocks[0][ALLOC] = 1;
+            memcpy(Blocks[1], tmpBlocks[i+1], 16);
+            Blocks[1][ALLOC] = 1;
+            max_blocks = max((Blocks[1][14] & 0x7f), Blocks[1][15]) + 1;
+            // Debug print
+            Dbprintf("(dbg) Max blocks: %d", max_blocks);
+            num_blocks = 2;
+            // Handle following blocks
+            for(j=i+2, ind2=2; j!=i; j++, ind2++, num_blocks++) {
+              if(j==n) j=0;
+              if(j==i) break;
+              memcpy(Blocks[ind2], tmpBlocks[j], 16);
+              Blocks[ind2][ALLOC] = 1;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        }
       }
     }
     else {
       for(i=0; i<n; i++) { // Look for identical block in known blocks
-       if(memcmp(tmpBlocks[i], "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", 16)) { // Block is not full of 00
-         for(j=0; j<max_blocks; j++) {
-           if(Blocks[j][ALLOC] == 1 && !memcmp(tmpBlocks[i], Blocks[j], 16)) {
-             // Found an identical block
-             for(ind=i-1,ind2=j-1; ind >= 0; ind--,ind2--) {
-               if(ind2 < 0)
-                 ind2 = max_blocks;
-               if(!Blocks[ind2][ALLOC]) { // Block ind2 not already found
-                 // Dbprintf("Tmp %d -> Block %d", ind, ind2);
-                 memcpy(Blocks[ind2], tmpBlocks[ind], 16);
-                 Blocks[ind2][ALLOC] = 1;
-                 num_blocks++;
-                 if(num_blocks == max_blocks) goto end;
-               }
-             }
-             for(ind=i+1,ind2=j+1; ind < n; ind++,ind2++) {
-               if(ind2 > max_blocks)
-                 ind2 = 0;
-               if(!Blocks[ind2][ALLOC]) { // Block ind2 not already found
-                 // Dbprintf("Tmp %d -> Block %d", ind, ind2);
-                 memcpy(Blocks[ind2], tmpBlocks[ind], 16);
-                 Blocks[ind2][ALLOC] = 1;
-                 num_blocks++;
-                 if(num_blocks == max_blocks) goto end;
-               }
-             }
-           }
-         }
-       }
+        if(memcmp(tmpBlocks[i], "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", 16)) { // Block is not full of 00
+          for(j=0; j<max_blocks; j++) {
+            if(Blocks[j][ALLOC] == 1 && !memcmp(tmpBlocks[i], Blocks[j], 16)) {
+              // Found an identical block
+              for(ind=i-1,ind2=j-1; ind >= 0; ind--,ind2--) {
+                if(ind2 < 0)
+                  ind2 = max_blocks;
+                if(!Blocks[ind2][ALLOC]) { // Block ind2 not already found
+                  // Dbprintf("Tmp %d -> Block %d", ind, ind2);
+                  memcpy(Blocks[ind2], tmpBlocks[ind], 16);
+                  Blocks[ind2][ALLOC] = 1;
+                  num_blocks++;
+                  if(num_blocks == max_blocks) goto end;
+                }
+              }
+              for(ind=i+1,ind2=j+1; ind < n; ind++,ind2++) {
+                if(ind2 > max_blocks)
+                  ind2 = 0;
+                if(!Blocks[ind2][ALLOC]) { // Block ind2 not already found
+                  // Dbprintf("Tmp %d -> Block %d", ind, ind2);
+                  memcpy(Blocks[ind2], tmpBlocks[ind], 16);
+                  Blocks[ind2][ALLOC] = 1;
+                  num_blocks++;
+                  if(num_blocks == max_blocks) goto end;
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
     }
     tries++;
     if (BUTTON_PRESS()) return;
-  } while (num_blocks != max_blocks);
- end:
-  Dbprintf("-----------------------------------------");
-  Dbprintf("Memory content:");
-  Dbprintf("-----------------------------------------");
-  for(i=0; i<max_blocks; i++) {
+       } while (num_blocks != max_blocks);
+end:
+       Dbprintf("-----------------------------------------");
+       Dbprintf("Memory content:");
+       Dbprintf("-----------------------------------------");
+       for(i=0; i<max_blocks; i++) {
     if(Blocks[i][ALLOC]==1)
       Dbprintf("%02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x",
-              Blocks[i][0], Blocks[i][1], Blocks[i][2], Blocks[i][3], Blocks[i][4], Blocks[i][5], Blocks[i][6], Blocks[i][7], 
-              Blocks[i][8], Blocks[i][9], Blocks[i][10], Blocks[i][11], Blocks[i][12], Blocks[i][13], Blocks[i][14], Blocks[i][15]);
+               Blocks[i][0], Blocks[i][1], Blocks[i][2], Blocks[i][3], Blocks[i][4], Blocks[i][5], Blocks[i][6], Blocks[i][7],
+               Blocks[i][8], Blocks[i][9], Blocks[i][10], Blocks[i][11], Blocks[i][12], Blocks[i][13], Blocks[i][14], Blocks[i][15]);
     else
       Dbprintf("<missing block %d>", i);
-  }
-  Dbprintf("-----------------------------------------");
-  
-  return ;
+       }
+       Dbprintf("-----------------------------------------");
+       
+       return ;
 }
 
 
 //-----------------------------------
-//   EM4469 / EM4305 routines
+// EM4469 / EM4305 routines
 //-----------------------------------
-#define FWD_CMD_LOGIN   0xC      //including the even parity, binary mirrored 
-#define FWD_CMD_WRITE   0xA 
-#define FWD_CMD_READ    0x9 
-#define FWD_CMD_DISABLE 0x5 
-
-
-uint8_t forwardLink_data[64];       //array of forwarded bits  
-uint8_t * forward_ptr;              //ptr for forward message preparation 
-uint8_t fwd_bit_sz;                 //forwardlink bit counter
-uint8_t * fwd_write_ptr;            //forwardlink bit pointer
-//==================================================================== 
-// prepares command bits 
-// see EM4469 spec 
-//==================================================================== 
-//-------------------------------------------------------------------- 
-uint8_t Prepare_Cmd( uint8_t cmd ) { 
-//--------------------------------------------------------------------  
-  *forward_ptr++ = 0;               //start bit 
-  *forward_ptr++ = 0;               //second pause for 4050 code 
-  *forward_ptr++ = cmd; 
-  cmd >>= 1; 
-  *forward_ptr++ = cmd; 
-  cmd >>= 1; 
-  *forward_ptr++ = cmd; 
+#define FWD_CMD_LOGIN 0xC //including the even parity, binary mirrored
+#define FWD_CMD_WRITE 0xA
+#define FWD_CMD_READ 0x9
+#define FWD_CMD_DISABLE 0x5
+
+
+uint8_t forwardLink_data[64]; //array of forwarded bits
+uint8_t * forward_ptr; //ptr for forward message preparation
+uint8_t fwd_bit_sz; //forwardlink bit counter
+uint8_t * fwd_write_ptr; //forwardlink bit pointer
+
+//====================================================================
+// prepares command bits
+// see EM4469 spec
+//====================================================================
+//--------------------------------------------------------------------
+uint8_t Prepare_Cmd( uint8_t cmd ) {
+  //--------------------------------------------------------------------
+  
+  *forward_ptr++ = 0; //start bit
+  *forward_ptr++ = 0; //second pause for 4050 code
+  
+  *forward_ptr++ = cmd;
+  cmd >>= 1;
+  *forward_ptr++ = cmd;
   cmd >>= 1;
-  *forward_ptr++ = cmd; 
-  return 6;                         //return number of emited bits 
-} 
-//==================================================================== 
-// prepares address bits 
-// see EM4469 spec 
-//==================================================================== 
-//-------------------------------------------------------------------- 
-uint8_t Prepare_Addr( uint8_t addr ) { 
-//-------------------------------------------------------------------- 
-  register uint8_t line_parity; 
+  *forward_ptr++ = cmd;
+  cmd >>= 1;
+  *forward_ptr++ = cmd;
+  
+  return 6; //return number of emited bits
+}
+
+//====================================================================
+// prepares address bits
+// see EM4469 spec
+//====================================================================
+
+//--------------------------------------------------------------------
+uint8_t Prepare_Addr( uint8_t addr ) {
+  //--------------------------------------------------------------------
+  
+  register uint8_t line_parity;
+  
   uint8_t i;
   line_parity = 0;
   for(i=0;i<6;i++) {
-    *forward_ptr++ = addr; 
-    line_parity ^= addr; 
+    *forward_ptr++ = addr;
+    line_parity ^= addr;
     addr >>= 1;
   }
   
-  *forward_ptr++ = (line_parity & 1);  
-  return 7;                      //return number of emited bits 
-} 
-//==================================================================== 
-// prepares data bits intreleaved with parity bits 
-// see EM4469 spec 
-//==================================================================== 
-//-------------------------------------------------------------------- 
-uint8_t Prepare_Data( uint16_t data_low, uint16_t data_hi) { 
-//-------------------------------------------------------------------- 
-  register uint8_t line_parity; 
-  register uint8_t column_parity; 
-  register uint8_t i, j; 
-  register uint16_t data; 
-  data = data_low; 
-  column_parity = 0; 
-  for(i=0; i<4; i++) { 
-    line_parity = 0; 
-    for(j=0; j<8; j++) { 
-      line_parity ^= data; 
-      column_parity ^= (data & 1) << j; 
-      *forward_ptr++ = data; 
-      data >>= 1; 
-    } 
-    *forward_ptr++ = line_parity; 
-    if(i == 1) 
-      data = data_hi; 
-  } 
-  for(j=0; j<8; j++) { 
-    *forward_ptr++ = column_parity; 
-    column_parity >>= 1; 
-  } 
-  *forward_ptr = 0; 
-  return 45;                             //return number of emited bits 
-} 
-//==================================================================== 
-// Forward Link send function 
-// Requires: forwarLink_data filled with valid bits (1 bit per byte) 
-//           fwd_bit_count set with number of bits to be sent 
-//==================================================================== 
-void SendForward(uint8_t fwd_bit_count) {
+  *forward_ptr++ = (line_parity & 1);
+  
+  return 7; //return number of emited bits
+}
 
-  fwd_write_ptr = forwardLink_data;
-  fwd_bit_sz = fwd_bit_count;
+//====================================================================
+// prepares data bits intreleaved with parity bits
+// see EM4469 spec
+//====================================================================
 
-       LED_D_ON();
+//--------------------------------------------------------------------
+uint8_t Prepare_Data( uint16_t data_low, uint16_t data_hi) {
+  //--------------------------------------------------------------------
+  
+  register uint8_t line_parity;
+  register uint8_t column_parity;
+  register uint8_t i, j;
+  register uint16_t data;
+  
+  data = data_low;
+  column_parity = 0;
+  
+  for(i=0; i<4; i++) {
+    line_parity = 0;
+    for(j=0; j<8; j++) {
+      line_parity ^= data;
+      column_parity ^= (data & 1) << j;
+      *forward_ptr++ = data;
+      data >>= 1;
+    }
+    *forward_ptr++ = line_parity;
+    if(i == 1)
+      data = data_hi;
+  }
+  
+  for(j=0; j<8; j++) {
+    *forward_ptr++ = column_parity;
+    column_parity >>= 1;
+  }
+  *forward_ptr = 0;
+  
+  return 45; //return number of emited bits
+}
 
+//====================================================================
+// Forward Link send function
+// Requires: forwarLink_data filled with valid bits (1 bit per byte)
+// fwd_bit_count set with number of bits to be sent
+//====================================================================
+void SendForward(uint8_t fwd_bit_count) {
+  
+  fwd_write_ptr = forwardLink_data;
+  fwd_bit_sz = fwd_bit_count;
+  
+  LED_D_ON();
+  
   //Field on
-       FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 95); //125Khz
-       FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_READER);
-       
-       // Give it a bit of time for the resonant antenna to settle.
-       // And for the tag to fully power up
-       SpinDelay(150);
-       
+  FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 95); //125Khz
+  FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_READER);
+  
+  // Give it a bit of time for the resonant antenna to settle.
+  // And for the tag to fully power up
+  SpinDelay(150);
+  
   // force 1st mod pulse (start gap must be longer for 4305)
-  fwd_bit_sz--;                        //prepare next bit modulation 
-  fwd_write_ptr++; 
+  fwd_bit_sz--; //prepare next bit modulation
+  fwd_write_ptr++;
   FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF); // field off
   SpinDelayUs(55*8); //55 cycles off (8us each)for 4305
   FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 95); //125Khz
   FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_READER);//field on
   SpinDelayUs(16*8); //16 cycles on (8us each)
-
-       // now start writting
-  while(fwd_bit_sz-- > 0) {                   //prepare next bit modulation
-    if(((*fwd_write_ptr++) & 1) == 1) 
+  
+  // now start writting
+  while(fwd_bit_sz-- > 0) { //prepare next bit modulation
+    if(((*fwd_write_ptr++) & 1) == 1)
       SpinDelayUs(32*8); //32 cycles at 125Khz (8us each)
     else {
       //These timings work for 4469/4269/4305 (with the 55*8 above)
-           FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF); // field off
+      FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF); // field off
       SpinDelayUs(23*8); //16-4 cycles off (8us each)
-           FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 95); //125Khz
-           FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_READER);//field on
+      FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 95); //125Khz
+      FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_READER);//field on
       SpinDelayUs(9*8); //16 cycles on (8us each)
     }
-  } 
+  }
 }
 
-void Login (uint32_t Password) {
-
+void EM4xLogin(uint32_t Password) {
+  
   uint8_t fwd_bit_count;
-
-  forward_ptr = forwardLink_data; 
-  fwd_bit_count = Prepare_Cmd( FWD_CMD_LOGIN ); 
-  fwd_bit_count += Prepare_Data( Password&0xFFFF, Password>>16 ); 
-
-  SendForward(fwd_bit_count); 
   
-  //Wait for command to complete 
-       SpinDelay(20);
-
-} 
+  forward_ptr = forwardLink_data;
+  fwd_bit_count = Prepare_Cmd( FWD_CMD_LOGIN );
+  fwd_bit_count += Prepare_Data( Password&0xFFFF, Password>>16 );
+  
+  SendForward(fwd_bit_count);
+  
+  //Wait for command to complete
+  SpinDelay(20);
+  
+}
 
-void EM4xReadWord(uint8_t Address, uint32_t Pwd, uint8_t PwdMode) { 
+void EM4xReadWord(uint8_t Address, uint32_t Pwd, uint8_t PwdMode) {
+  
   uint8_t fwd_bit_count;
-       uint8_t *dest = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;
-       int m=0, i=0;
+  uint8_t *dest = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;
+  int m=0, i=0;
+  
   //If password mode do login
-  if (PwdMode == 1) Login(Pwd);
-
-  forward_ptr = forwardLink_data; 
-  fwd_bit_count  = Prepare_Cmd( FWD_CMD_READ ); 
-  fwd_bit_count += Prepare_Addr( Address ); 
-
-       m = sizeof(BigBuf);
+  if (PwdMode == 1) EM4xLogin(Pwd);
+  
+  forward_ptr = forwardLink_data;
+  fwd_bit_count = Prepare_Cmd( FWD_CMD_READ );
+  fwd_bit_count += Prepare_Addr( Address );
+  
+  m = sizeof(BigBuf);
   // Clear destination buffer before sending the command
-       memset(dest, 128, m);
-       // Connect the A/D to the peak-detected low-frequency path.
-       SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_LOPKD);
-       // Now set up the SSC to get the ADC samples that are now streaming at us.
-       FpgaSetupSsc();
-
-  SendForward(fwd_bit_count); 
+  memset(dest, 128, m);
+  // Connect the A/D to the peak-detected low-frequency path.
+  SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_LOPKD);
+  // Now set up the SSC to get the ADC samples that are now streaming at us.
+  FpgaSetupSsc();
   
-       // Now do the acquisition 
-       i = 0;
-       for(;;) {
-               if (AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_TXRDY) {
-                       AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0x43;
-               }
-               if (AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY) {
-                       dest[i] = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
-                       i++;
-                       if (i >= m) break;
-               }
-       }
+  SendForward(fwd_bit_count);
+  
+  // Now do the acquisition
+  i = 0;
+  for(;;) {
+    if (AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_TXRDY) {
+      AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0x43;
+    }
+    if (AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY) {
+      dest[i] = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
+      i++;
+      if (i >= m) break;
+    }
+  }
   FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF); // field off
-       LED_D_OFF();
+  LED_D_OFF();
 }
 
-void EM4xWriteWord(uint32_t Data, uint8_t Address, uint32_t Pwd, uint8_t PwdMode) { 
+void EM4xWriteWord(uint32_t Data, uint8_t Address, uint32_t Pwd, uint8_t PwdMode) {
+  
   uint8_t fwd_bit_count;
+  
   //If password mode do login
-  if (PwdMode == 1) Login(Pwd);
-       
-  forward_ptr = forwardLink_data; 
-  fwd_bit_count  = Prepare_Cmd( FWD_CMD_WRITE ); 
-  fwd_bit_count += Prepare_Addr( Address ); 
-  fwd_bit_count += Prepare_Data( Data&0xFFFF, Data>>16 ); 
-
-  SendForward(fwd_bit_count); 
+  if (PwdMode == 1) EM4xLogin(Pwd);
   
-  //Wait for write to complete 
-       SpinDelay(20);
+  forward_ptr = forwardLink_data;
+  fwd_bit_count = Prepare_Cmd( FWD_CMD_WRITE );
+  fwd_bit_count += Prepare_Addr( Address );
+  fwd_bit_count += Prepare_Data( Data&0xFFFF, Data>>16 );
+  
+  SendForward(fwd_bit_count);
+  
+  //Wait for write to complete
+  SpinDelay(20);
   FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF); // field off
-       LED_D_OFF();
+  LED_D_OFF();
 }
-
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