Fix typo in helps

[proxmark3-svn] / armsrc / fpgaloader.c

diff --git a/armsrc/fpgaloader.c b/armsrc/fpgaloader.c
index d63310a3525914ee82be4ad7a14b8573c435cbee..1deb5b7dd09c1c19f0c103c580a15623b5c67a4e 100644 (file)
--- a/armsrc/fpgaloader.c
+++ b/armsrc/fpgaloader.c
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Jonathan Westhues, April 2006
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Jonathan Westhues, April 2006

+// iZsh <izsh at fail0verflow.com>, 2014

 //
 // This code is licensed to you under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or,
 // at your option, any later version. See the LICENSE.txt file for the text of
 //
 // This code is licensed to you under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or,
 // at your option, any later version. See the LICENSE.txt file for the text of


@@ -9,10 +10,31 @@
 // mode once it is configured.
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 // mode once it is configured.
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 

+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include "fpgaloader.h"

 #include "proxmark3.h"
 #include "proxmark3.h"

-#include "apps.h"

 #include "util.h"
 #include "string.h"
 #include "util.h"
 #include "string.h"

+#include "BigBuf.h"
+#include "zlib.h"
+
+extern void Dbprintf(const char *fmt, ...);
+
+// remember which version of the bitstream we have already downloaded to the FPGA
+static int downloaded_bitstream = FPGA_BITSTREAM_ERR;
+
+// this is where the bitstreams are located in memory:
+extern uint8_t _binary_obj_fpga_all_bit_z_start, _binary_obj_fpga_all_bit_z_end;
+
+static uint8_t *fpga_image_ptr = NULL;
+static uint32_t uncompressed_bytes_cnt;
+
+static const uint8_t _bitparse_fixed_header[] = {0x00, 0x09, 0x0f, 0xf0, 0x0f, 0xf0, 0x0f, 0xf0, 0x0f, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01};
+#define FPGA_BITSTREAM_FIXED_HEADER_SIZE       sizeof(_bitparse_fixed_header)
+#define OUTPUT_BUFFER_LEN              80
+#define FPGA_INTERLEAVE_SIZE   288

 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Set up the Serial Peripheral Interface as master
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Set up the Serial Peripheral Interface as master


@@ -136,9 +158,7 @@ void FpgaSetupSsc(void)
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 bool FpgaSetupSscDma(uint8_t *buf, int len)
 {
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 bool FpgaSetupSscDma(uint8_t *buf, int len)
 {

-       if (buf == NULL) {
-        return false;
-    }
+       if (buf == NULL) return false;

 
        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_PTCR = AT91C_PDC_RXTDIS;        // Disable DMA Transfer
        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RPR = (uint32_t) buf;           // transfer to this memory address
 
        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_PTCR = AT91C_PDC_RXTDIS;        // Disable DMA Transfer
        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RPR = (uint32_t) buf;           // transfer to this memory address


@@ -146,10 +166,97 @@ bool FpgaSetupSscDma(uint8_t *buf, int len)
        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNPR = (uint32_t) buf;          // next transfer to same memory address
        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNCR = len;                                     // ... with same number of bytes
        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_PTCR = AT91C_PDC_RXTEN;         // go!
        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNPR = (uint32_t) buf;          // next transfer to same memory address
        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNCR = len;                                     // ... with same number of bytes
        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_PTCR = AT91C_PDC_RXTEN;         // go!

-    
-    return true;
+
+       return true;
+}
+
+
+//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Uncompress (inflate) the FPGA data. Returns one decompressed byte with
+// each call. 
+//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static int get_from_fpga_combined_stream(z_streamp compressed_fpga_stream, uint8_t *output_buffer)
+{
+       if (fpga_image_ptr == compressed_fpga_stream->next_out) {       // need more data
+               compressed_fpga_stream->next_out = output_buffer;
+               compressed_fpga_stream->avail_out = OUTPUT_BUFFER_LEN;
+               fpga_image_ptr = output_buffer;
+               int res = inflate(compressed_fpga_stream, Z_SYNC_FLUSH);
+               if (res != Z_OK)
+                       Dbprintf("inflate returned: %d, %s", res, compressed_fpga_stream->msg);
+
+               if (res < 0)
+                       return res;
+       }
+
+       uncompressed_bytes_cnt++;
+       
+       return *fpga_image_ptr++;
+}
+
+//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Undo the interleaving of several FPGA config files. FPGA config files
+// are combined into one big file:
+// 288 bytes from FPGA file 1, followed by 288 bytes from FGPA file 2, etc.
+//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static int get_from_fpga_stream(int bitstream_version, z_streamp compressed_fpga_stream, uint8_t *output_buffer)
+{
+       while((uncompressed_bytes_cnt / FPGA_INTERLEAVE_SIZE) % FPGA_BITSTREAM_MAX != (bitstream_version - 1)) {
+               // skip undesired data belonging to other bitstream_versions
+               get_from_fpga_combined_stream(compressed_fpga_stream, output_buffer);
+       }
+
+       return get_from_fpga_combined_stream(compressed_fpga_stream, output_buffer);
+       
+}
+
+
+static voidpf fpga_inflate_malloc(voidpf opaque, uInt items, uInt size)
+{
+       return BigBuf_malloc(items*size);
+}
+
+
+static void fpga_inflate_free(voidpf opaque, voidpf address)
+{
+       BigBuf_free(); BigBuf_Clear_ext(false);

 }
 
 }
 

+
+//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Initialize decompression of the respective (HF or LF) FPGA stream 
+//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static bool reset_fpga_stream(int bitstream_version, z_streamp compressed_fpga_stream, uint8_t *output_buffer)
+{
+       uint8_t header[FPGA_BITSTREAM_FIXED_HEADER_SIZE];
+       
+       uncompressed_bytes_cnt = 0;
+       
+       // initialize z_stream structure for inflate:
+       compressed_fpga_stream->next_in = &_binary_obj_fpga_all_bit_z_start;
+       compressed_fpga_stream->avail_in = &_binary_obj_fpga_all_bit_z_start - &_binary_obj_fpga_all_bit_z_end;
+       compressed_fpga_stream->next_out = output_buffer;
+       compressed_fpga_stream->avail_out = OUTPUT_BUFFER_LEN;
+       compressed_fpga_stream->zalloc = &fpga_inflate_malloc;
+       compressed_fpga_stream->zfree = &fpga_inflate_free;
+
+       inflateInit2(compressed_fpga_stream, 0);
+
+       fpga_image_ptr = output_buffer;
+
+       for (uint16_t i = 0; i < FPGA_BITSTREAM_FIXED_HEADER_SIZE; i++) {
+               header[i] = get_from_fpga_stream(bitstream_version, compressed_fpga_stream, output_buffer);
+       }
+       
+       // Check for a valid .bit file (starts with _bitparse_fixed_header)
+       if(memcmp(_bitparse_fixed_header, header, FPGA_BITSTREAM_FIXED_HEADER_SIZE) == 0) {
+               return true;
+       } else {
+               return false;
+       }
+}
+
+

 static void DownloadFPGA_byte(unsigned char w)
 {
 #define SEND_BIT(x) { if(w & (1<<x) ) HIGH(GPIO_FPGA_DIN); else LOW(GPIO_FPGA_DIN); HIGH(GPIO_FPGA_CCLK); LOW(GPIO_FPGA_CCLK); }
 static void DownloadFPGA_byte(unsigned char w)
 {
 #define SEND_BIT(x) { if(w & (1<<x) ) HIGH(GPIO_FPGA_DIN); else LOW(GPIO_FPGA_DIN); HIGH(GPIO_FPGA_CCLK); LOW(GPIO_FPGA_CCLK); }


@@ -163,10 +270,12 @@ static void DownloadFPGA_byte(unsigned char w)
        SEND_BIT(0);
 }
 
        SEND_BIT(0);
 }
 

-// Download the fpga image starting at FpgaImage and with length FpgaImageLen bytes
-// If bytereversal is set: reverse the byte order in each 4-byte word
-static void DownloadFPGA(const char *FpgaImage, int FpgaImageLen, int bytereversal)
+// Download the fpga image starting at current stream position with length FpgaImageLen bytes
+static void DownloadFPGA(int bitstream_version, int FpgaImageLen, z_streamp compressed_fpga_stream, uint8_t *output_buffer)

 {
 {

+
+       //Dbprintf("DownloadFPGA(len: %d)", FpgaImageLen);
+       

        int i=0;
 
        AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_OER = GPIO_FPGA_ON;
        int i=0;
 
        AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_OER = GPIO_FPGA_ON;


@@ -218,23 +327,15 @@ static void DownloadFPGA(const char *FpgaImage, int FpgaImageLen, int byterevers
                return;
        }
 
                return;
        }
 

-       if(bytereversal) {
-               /* This is only supported for uint32_t aligned images */
-               if( ((int)FpgaImage % sizeof(uint32_t)) == 0 ) {
-                       i=0;
-                       while(FpgaImageLen-->0)
-                               DownloadFPGA_byte(FpgaImage[(i++)^0x3]);
-                       /* Explanation of the magic in the above line:
-                        * i^0x3 inverts the lower two bits of the integer i, counting backwards
-                        * for each 4 byte increment. The generated sequence of (i++)^3 is
-                        * 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 11 10 9 8 15 14 13 12 etc. pp.
-                        */
+       for(i = 0; i < FpgaImageLen; i++) {
+               int b = get_from_fpga_stream(bitstream_version, compressed_fpga_stream, output_buffer);
+               if (b < 0) {
+                       Dbprintf("Error %d during FpgaDownload", b);
+                       break;

                }
                }

-       } else {
-               while(FpgaImageLen-->0)
-                       DownloadFPGA_byte(*FpgaImage++);
+               DownloadFPGA_byte(b);

        }
        }

-
+       

        // continue to clock FPGA until ready signal goes high
        i=100000;
        while ( (i--) && ( !(AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_PDSR & GPIO_FPGA_DONE ) ) ) {
        // continue to clock FPGA until ready signal goes high
        i=100000;
        while ( (i--) && ( !(AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_PDSR & GPIO_FPGA_DONE ) ) ) {


@@ -250,39 +351,21 @@ static void DownloadFPGA(const char *FpgaImage, int FpgaImageLen, int byterevers
        LED_D_OFF();
 }
 
        LED_D_OFF();
 }
 

-static char *bitparse_headers_start;
-static char *bitparse_bitstream_end;
-static int bitparse_initialized;
+

 /* Simple Xilinx .bit parser. The file starts with the fixed opaque byte sequence
  * 00 09 0f f0 0f f0 0f f0 0f f0 00 00 01
  * After that the format is 1 byte section type (ASCII character), 2 byte length
  * (big endian), <length> bytes content. Except for section 'e' which has 4 bytes
  * length.
  */
 /* Simple Xilinx .bit parser. The file starts with the fixed opaque byte sequence
  * 00 09 0f f0 0f f0 0f f0 0f f0 00 00 01
  * After that the format is 1 byte section type (ASCII character), 2 byte length
  * (big endian), <length> bytes content. Except for section 'e' which has 4 bytes
  * length.
  */

-static const char _bitparse_fixed_header[] = {0x00, 0x09, 0x0f, 0xf0, 0x0f, 0xf0, 0x0f, 0xf0, 0x0f, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01};
-static int bitparse_init(void * start_address, void *end_address)
+static int bitparse_find_section(int bitstream_version, char section_name, unsigned int *section_length, z_streamp compressed_fpga_stream, uint8_t *output_buffer)

 {
 {

-       bitparse_initialized = 0;
-
-       if(memcmp(_bitparse_fixed_header, start_address, sizeof(_bitparse_fixed_header)) != 0) {
-               return 0; /* Not matched */
-       } else {
-               bitparse_headers_start= ((char*)start_address) + sizeof(_bitparse_fixed_header);
-               bitparse_bitstream_end= (char*)end_address;
-               bitparse_initialized = 1;
-               return 1;
-       }
-}
-
-int bitparse_find_section(char section_name, char **section_start, unsigned int *section_length)
-{
-       char *pos = bitparse_headers_start;

        int result = 0;
        int result = 0;

-
-       if(!bitparse_initialized) return 0;
-
-       while(pos < bitparse_bitstream_end) {
-               char current_name = *pos++;
+       #define MAX_FPGA_BIT_STREAM_HEADER_SEARCH 100  // maximum number of bytes to search for the requested section
+       uint16_t numbytes = 0;
+       while(numbytes < MAX_FPGA_BIT_STREAM_HEADER_SEARCH) {
+               char current_name = get_from_fpga_stream(bitstream_version, compressed_fpga_stream, output_buffer);
+               numbytes++;

                unsigned int current_length = 0;
                if(current_name < 'a' || current_name > 'e') {
                        /* Strange section name, abort */
                unsigned int current_length = 0;
                if(current_name < 'a' || current_name > 'e') {
                        /* Strange section name, abort */


@@ -292,11 +375,13 @@ int bitparse_find_section(char section_name, char **section_start, unsigned int
                switch(current_name) {
                case 'e':
                        /* Four byte length field */
                switch(current_name) {
                case 'e':
                        /* Four byte length field */

-                       current_length += (*pos++) << 24;
-                       current_length += (*pos++) << 16;
+                       current_length += get_from_fpga_stream(bitstream_version, compressed_fpga_stream, output_buffer) << 24;
+                       current_length += get_from_fpga_stream(bitstream_version, compressed_fpga_stream, output_buffer) << 16;
+                       numbytes += 2;

                default: /* Fall through, two byte length field */
                default: /* Fall through, two byte length field */

-                       current_length += (*pos++) << 8;
-                       current_length += (*pos++) << 0;
+                       current_length += get_from_fpga_stream(bitstream_version, compressed_fpga_stream, output_buffer) << 8;
+                       current_length += get_from_fpga_stream(bitstream_version, compressed_fpga_stream, output_buffer) << 0;
+                       numbytes += 2;

                }
 
                if(current_name != 'e' && current_length > 255) {
                }
 
                if(current_name != 'e' && current_length > 255) {


@@ -306,82 +391,125 @@ int bitparse_find_section(char section_name, char **section_start, unsigned int
 
                if(current_name == section_name) {
                        /* Found it */
 
                if(current_name == section_name) {
                        /* Found it */

-                       *section_start = pos;

                        *section_length = current_length;
                        result = 1;
                        break;
                }
 
                        *section_length = current_length;
                        result = 1;
                        break;
                }
 

-               pos += current_length; /* Skip section */
+               for (uint16_t i = 0; i < current_length && numbytes < MAX_FPGA_BIT_STREAM_HEADER_SEARCH; i++) {
+                       get_from_fpga_stream(bitstream_version, compressed_fpga_stream, output_buffer);
+                       numbytes++;
+               }

        }
 
        return result;
 }
 
        }
 
        return result;
 }
 

-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Find out which FPGA image format is stored in flash, then call DownloadFPGA
-// with the right parameters to download the image
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-extern char _binary_fpga_bit_start, _binary_fpga_bit_end;
-void FpgaDownloadAndGo(void)
+
+//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Check which FPGA image is currently loaded (if any). If necessary 
+// decompress and load the correct (HF or LF) image to the FPGA
+//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void FpgaDownloadAndGo(int bitstream_version)

 {
 {

-       /* Check for the new flash image format: Should have the .bit file at &_binary_fpga_bit_start
-        */
-       if(bitparse_init(&_binary_fpga_bit_start, &_binary_fpga_bit_end)) {
-               /* Successfully initialized the .bit parser. Find the 'e' section and
-                * send its contents to the FPGA.
-                */
-               char *bitstream_start;
-               unsigned int bitstream_length;
-               if(bitparse_find_section('e', &bitstream_start, &bitstream_length)) {
-                       DownloadFPGA(bitstream_start, bitstream_length, 0);
-
-                       return; /* All done */
-               }
+       z_stream compressed_fpga_stream;
+       uint8_t output_buffer[OUTPUT_BUFFER_LEN] = {0x00};
+       
+       // check whether or not the bitstream is already loaded
+       if (downloaded_bitstream == bitstream_version)
+               return;
+
+       // make sure that we have enough memory to decompress
+       BigBuf_free(); BigBuf_Clear_ext(false); 
+       
+       if (!reset_fpga_stream(bitstream_version, &compressed_fpga_stream, output_buffer)) {
+               return;

        }
 
        }
 

-       /* Fallback for the old flash image format: Check for the magic marker 0xFFFFFFFF
-        * 0xAA995566 at address 0x102000. This is raw bitstream with a size of 336,768 bits
-        * = 10,524 uint32_t, stored as uint32_t e.g. little-endian in memory, but each DWORD
-        * is still to be transmitted in MSBit first order. Set the invert flag to indicate
-        * that the DownloadFPGA function should invert every 4 byte sequence when doing
-        * the bytewise download.
-        */
-       if( *(uint32_t*)0x102000 == 0xFFFFFFFF && *(uint32_t*)0x102004 == 0xAA995566 )
-               DownloadFPGA((char*)0x102000, 10524*4, 1);
-}
+       unsigned int bitstream_length;
+       if(bitparse_find_section(bitstream_version, 'e', &bitstream_length, &compressed_fpga_stream, output_buffer)) {
+               DownloadFPGA(bitstream_version, bitstream_length, &compressed_fpga_stream, output_buffer);
+               downloaded_bitstream = bitstream_version;
+       }
+
+       inflateEnd(&compressed_fpga_stream);
+       
+       // free eventually allocated BigBuf memory
+       BigBuf_free(); BigBuf_Clear_ext(false); 
+}      

 
 

-void FpgaGatherVersion(char *dst, int len)
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Gather version information from FPGA image. Needs to decompress the begin 
+// of the respective (HF or LF) image.
+// Note: decompression makes use of (i.e. overwrites) BigBuf[]. It is therefore
+// advisable to call this only once and store the results for later use.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void FpgaGatherVersion(int bitstream_version, char *dst, int len)

 {
 {

-       char *fpga_info;

        unsigned int fpga_info_len;
        unsigned int fpga_info_len;

-       dst[0] = 0;
-       if(!bitparse_find_section('e', &fpga_info, &fpga_info_len)) {
-               strncat(dst, "FPGA image: legacy image without version information", len-1);
-       } else {
-               strncat(dst, "FPGA image built", len-1);
-               /* USB packets only have 48 bytes data payload, so be terse */
-#if 0
-               if(bitparse_find_section('a', &fpga_info, &fpga_info_len) && fpga_info[fpga_info_len-1] == 0 ) {
-                       strncat(dst, " from ", len-1);
-                       strncat(dst, fpga_info, len-1);
+       char tempstr[40] = {0x00};
+       z_stream compressed_fpga_stream;
+       uint8_t output_buffer[OUTPUT_BUFFER_LEN] = {0x00};
+       
+       dst[0] = '\0';
+
+       // ensure that we can allocate enough memory for decompression:
+       BigBuf_free(); BigBuf_Clear_ext(false);
+
+       if (!reset_fpga_stream(bitstream_version, &compressed_fpga_stream, output_buffer))
+               return;
+
+       if(bitparse_find_section(bitstream_version, 'a', &fpga_info_len, &compressed_fpga_stream, output_buffer)) {
+               for (uint16_t i = 0; i < fpga_info_len; i++) {
+                       char c = (char)get_from_fpga_stream(bitstream_version, &compressed_fpga_stream, output_buffer);
+                       if (i < sizeof(tempstr)) {
+                               tempstr[i] = c;
+                       }

                }
                }

-               if(bitparse_find_section('b', &fpga_info, &fpga_info_len) && fpga_info[fpga_info_len-1] == 0 ) {
-                       strncat(dst, " for ", len-1);
-                       strncat(dst, fpga_info, len-1);
+               if (!memcmp("fpga_lf", tempstr, 7))
+                       strncat(dst, "LF ", len-1);
+               else if (!memcmp("fpga_hf", tempstr, 7))
+                       strncat(dst, "HF ", len-1);
+       }
+       strncat(dst, "FPGA image built", len-1);
+       if(bitparse_find_section(bitstream_version, 'b', &fpga_info_len, &compressed_fpga_stream, output_buffer)) {
+               strncat(dst, " for ", len-1);
+               for (uint16_t i = 0; i < fpga_info_len; i++) {
+                       char c = (char)get_from_fpga_stream(bitstream_version, &compressed_fpga_stream, output_buffer);
+                       if (i < sizeof(tempstr)) {
+                               tempstr[i] = c;
+                       }

                }
                }

-#endif
-               if(bitparse_find_section('c', &fpga_info, &fpga_info_len) && fpga_info[fpga_info_len-1] == 0 ) {
-                       strncat(dst, " on ", len-1);
-                       strncat(dst, fpga_info, len-1);
+               strncat(dst, tempstr, len-1);
+       }
+       if(bitparse_find_section(bitstream_version, 'c', &fpga_info_len, &compressed_fpga_stream, output_buffer)) {
+               strncat(dst, " on ", len-1);
+               for (uint16_t i = 0; i < fpga_info_len; i++) {
+                       char c = (char)get_from_fpga_stream(bitstream_version, &compressed_fpga_stream, output_buffer);
+                       if (i < sizeof(tempstr)) {
+                               tempstr[i] = c;
+                       }

                }
                }

-               if(bitparse_find_section('d', &fpga_info, &fpga_info_len) && fpga_info[fpga_info_len-1] == 0 ) {
-                       strncat(dst, " at ", len-1);
-                       strncat(dst, fpga_info, len-1);
+               strncat(dst, tempstr, len-1);
+       }
+       if(bitparse_find_section(bitstream_version, 'd', &fpga_info_len, &compressed_fpga_stream, output_buffer)) {
+               strncat(dst, " at ", len-1);
+               for (uint16_t i = 0; i < fpga_info_len; i++) {
+                       char c = (char)get_from_fpga_stream(bitstream_version, &compressed_fpga_stream, output_buffer);
+                       if (i < sizeof(tempstr)) {
+                               tempstr[i] = c;
+                       }

                }
                }

+               strncat(dst, tempstr, len-1);

        }
        }

+       
+       strncat(dst, "\n", len-1);
+
+       inflateEnd(&compressed_fpga_stream);

 }
 
 }
 

+

 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Send a 16 bit command/data pair to the FPGA.
 // The bit format is:  C3 C2 C1 C0 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Send a 16 bit command/data pair to the FPGA.
 // The bit format is:  C3 C2 C1 C0 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0


@@ -429,3 +557,16 @@ void SetAdcMuxFor(uint32_t whichGpio)
 
        HIGH(whichGpio);
 }
 
        HIGH(whichGpio);
 }

+
+void Fpga_print_status(void) {
+       Dbprintf("Fgpa");
+       switch(downloaded_bitstream) {
+               case FPGA_BITSTREAM_HF: Dbprintf("  mode....................HF"); break;
+               case FPGA_BITSTREAM_LF: Dbprintf("  mode....................LF"); break;
+               default:                Dbprintf("  mode....................%d", downloaded_bitstream); break;
+       }
+}
+
+int FpgaGetCurrent() {
+       return downloaded_bitstream;
+}