]> git.zerfleddert.de Git - proxmark3-svn/blobdiff - armsrc/appmain.c
Merge pull request #571 from merlokk/hf_list_mf
[proxmark3-svn] / armsrc / appmain.c
index 40df5f5f64ecd3a3ce24996fa9910d972391403a..6476892235facc30fbf41a32b9636656ebb59d19 100644 (file)
 // executes.
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
 #include "usb_cdc.h"
 #include "cmd.h"
-
 #include "proxmark3.h"
 #include "apps.h"
 #include "util.h"
 #include "printf.h"
 #include "string.h"
-
-#include <stdarg.h>
-
 #include "legicrf.h"
-#include <hitag2.h>
+#include "hitag2.h"
+#include "hitagS.h"
 #include "lfsampling.h"
 #include "BigBuf.h"
+#include "mifareutil.h"
+#include "pcf7931.h"
 #ifdef WITH_LCD
  #include "LCD.h"
 #endif
@@ -34,8 +35,6 @@
  #include "iso14443a.h"
 #endif
 
-#define abs(x) ( ((x)<0) ? -(x) : (x) )
-
 //=============================================================================
 // A buffer where we can queue things up to be sent through the FPGA, for
 // any purpose (fake tag, as reader, whatever). We go MSB first, since that
@@ -136,35 +135,28 @@ void Dbhexdump(int len, uint8_t *d, bool bAsci) {
 // return that.
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 static int ReadAdc(int ch)
-{
-       uint32_t d;
-
-       AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CR = AT91C_ADC_SWRST;
-       AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_MR =
-               ADC_MODE_PRESCALE(63  /* was 32 */) |                                                   // ADC_CLK = MCK / ((63+1) * 2) = 48MHz / 128 = 375kHz
-               ADC_MODE_STARTUP_TIME(1  /* was 16 */) |                                                // Startup Time = (1+1) * 8 / ADC_CLK = 16 / 375kHz = 42,7us     Note: must be > 20us
-               ADC_MODE_SAMPLE_HOLD_TIME(15  /* was 8 */);                                     // Sample & Hold Time SHTIM = 15 / ADC_CLK = 15 / 375kHz = 40us
-
+{      
        // Note: ADC_MODE_PRESCALE and ADC_MODE_SAMPLE_HOLD_TIME are set to the maximum allowed value. 
-       // Both AMPL_LO and AMPL_HI are very high impedance (10MOhm) outputs, the input capacitance of the ADC is 12pF (typical). This results in a time constant
-       // of RC = 10MOhm * 12pF = 120us. Even after the maximum configurable sample&hold time of 40us the input capacitor will not be fully charged. 
+       // AMPL_HI is are high impedance (10MOhm || 1MOhm) output, the input capacitance of the ADC is 12pF (typical). This results in a time constant
+       // of RC = (0.91MOhm) * 12pF = 10.9us. Even after the maximum configurable sample&hold time of 40us the input capacitor will not be fully charged. 
        // 
        // The maths are:
        // If there is a voltage v_in at the input, the voltage v_cap at the capacitor (this is what we are measuring) will be
        //
-       //       v_cap = v_in * (1 - exp(-RC/SHTIM))  =   v_in * (1 - exp(-3))  =  v_in * 0,95                   (i.e. an error of 5%)
-       // 
-       // Note: with the "historic" values in the comments above, the error was 34%  !!!
-       
-       AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CHER = ADC_CHANNEL(ch);
+       //       v_cap = v_in * (1 - exp(-SHTIM/RC))  =   v_in * (1 - exp(-40us/10.9us))  =  v_in * 0,97                   (i.e. an error of 3%)
 
-       AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CR = AT91C_ADC_START;
+       AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CR = AT91C_ADC_SWRST;
+       AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_MR =
+               ADC_MODE_PRESCALE(63) |                                                 // ADC_CLK = MCK / ((63+1) * 2) = 48MHz / 128 = 375kHz
+               ADC_MODE_STARTUP_TIME(1) |                                              // Startup Time = (1+1) * 8 / ADC_CLK = 16 / 375kHz = 42,7us     Note: must be > 20us
+               ADC_MODE_SAMPLE_HOLD_TIME(15);                                  // Sample & Hold Time SHTIM = 15 / ADC_CLK = 15 / 375kHz = 40us
 
-       while(!(AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_SR & ADC_END_OF_CONVERSION(ch)))
-               ;
-       d = AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CDR[ch];
+       AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CHER = ADC_CHANNEL(ch);
+       AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CR = AT91C_ADC_START;
 
-       return d;
+       while(!(AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_SR & ADC_END_OF_CONVERSION(ch))) {};
+       
+       return AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CDR[ch];
 }
 
 int AvgAdc(int ch) // was static - merlok
@@ -179,13 +171,9 @@ int AvgAdc(int ch) // was static - merlok
        return (a + 15) >> 5;
 }
 
-void MeasureAntennaTuning(void)
+void MeasureAntennaTuningLfOnly(int *vLf125, int *vLf134, int *peakf, int *peakv, uint8_t LF_Results[])
 {
-       uint8_t LF_Results[256];
-       int i, adcval = 0, peak = 0, peakv = 0, peakf = 0; //ptr = 0 
-       int vLf125 = 0, vLf134 = 0, vHf = 0;    // in mV
-
-       LED_B_ON();
+       int i, adcval = 0, peak = 0;
 
 /*
  * Sweeps the useful LF range of the proxmark from
@@ -195,38 +183,69 @@ void MeasureAntennaTuning(void)
  * the resonating frequency of your LF antenna
  * ( hopefully around 95 if it is tuned to 125kHz!)
  */
-  
-       FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_LF);
+
+       FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_LF);
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_ADC | FPGA_LF_ADC_READER_FIELD);
+       SpinDelay(50);
+       
        for (i=255; i>=19; i--) {
-    WDT_HIT();
+               WDT_HIT();
                FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, i);
                SpinDelay(20);
                adcval = ((MAX_ADC_LF_VOLTAGE * AvgAdc(ADC_CHAN_LF)) >> 10);
-               if (i==95)      vLf125 = adcval; // voltage at 125Khz
-               if (i==89)      vLf134 = adcval; // voltage at 134Khz
+               if (i==95) *vLf125 = adcval; // voltage at 125Khz
+               if (i==89) *vLf134 = adcval; // voltage at 134Khz
 
-               LF_Results[i] = adcval>>8; // scale int to fit in byte for graphing purposes
+               LF_Results[i] = adcval >> 9; // scale int to fit in byte for graphing purposes
                if(LF_Results[i] > peak) {
-                       peakv = adcval;
+                       *peakv = adcval;
                        peak = LF_Results[i];
-                       peakf = i;
+                       *peakf = i;
                        //ptr = i;
                }
        }
 
        for (i=18; i >= 0; i--) LF_Results[i] = 0;
-       
-       LED_A_ON();
+
+       return;
+}
+
+void MeasureAntennaTuningHfOnly(int *vHf)
+{
        // Let the FPGA drive the high-frequency antenna around 13.56 MHz.
-       FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_HF);
+       LED_A_ON();
+       FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_HF);
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_RX_XCORR);
        SpinDelay(20);
-       vHf = (MAX_ADC_HF_VOLTAGE * AvgAdc(ADC_CHAN_HF)) >> 10;
+       *vHf = (MAX_ADC_HF_VOLTAGE * AvgAdc(ADC_CHAN_HF)) >> 10;
+       LED_A_OFF();
+
+       return;
+}
+
+void MeasureAntennaTuning(int mode)
+{
+       uint8_t LF_Results[256] = {0};
+       int peakv = 0, peakf = 0;
+       int vLf125 = 0, vLf134 = 0, vHf = 0; // in mV
+
+       LED_B_ON();
+
+       if (((mode & FLAG_TUNE_ALL) == FLAG_TUNE_ALL) && (FpgaGetCurrent() == FPGA_BITSTREAM_HF)) {
+               // Reverse "standard" order if HF already loaded, to avoid unnecessary swap.
+               MeasureAntennaTuningHfOnly(&vHf);
+               MeasureAntennaTuningLfOnly(&vLf125, &vLf134, &peakf, &peakv, LF_Results);
+       } else {
+               if (mode & FLAG_TUNE_LF) {
+                       MeasureAntennaTuningLfOnly(&vLf125, &vLf134, &peakf, &peakv, LF_Results);
+               }
+               if (mode & FLAG_TUNE_HF) {
+                       MeasureAntennaTuningHfOnly(&vHf);
+               }
+       }
 
-       cmd_send(CMD_MEASURED_ANTENNA_TUNING, vLf125 | (vLf134<<16), vHf, peakf | (peakv<<16), LF_Results, 256);
+       cmd_send(CMD_MEASURED_ANTENNA_TUNING, vLf125>>1 | (vLf134>>1<<16), vHf, peakf | (peakv>>1<<16), LF_Results, 256);
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
-       LED_A_OFF();
        LED_B_OFF();
        return;
 }
@@ -298,19 +317,59 @@ void SendVersion(void)
        cmd_send(CMD_ACK, *(AT91C_DBGU_CIDR), text_and_rodata_section_size + compressed_data_section_size, 0, VersionString, strlen(VersionString));
 }
 
-#ifdef WITH_LF
-#ifndef WITH_ISO14443a_StandAlone
-// samy's sniff and repeat routine
-void SamyRun()
+// measure the USB Speed by sending SpeedTestBufferSize bytes to client and measuring the elapsed time.
+// Note: this mimics GetFromBigbuf(), i.e. we have the overhead of the UsbCommand structure included.
+void printUSBSpeed(void) 
 {
-       DbpString("Stand-alone mode! No PC necessary.");
-       FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_LF);
+       Dbprintf("USB Speed:");
+       Dbprintf("  Sending USB packets to client...");
 
-       // 3 possible options? no just 2 for now
-#define OPTS 2
+       #define USB_SPEED_TEST_MIN_TIME 1500    // in milliseconds
+       uint8_t *test_data = BigBuf_get_addr();
+       uint32_t end_time;
 
-       int high[OPTS], low[OPTS];
+       uint32_t start_time = end_time = GetTickCount();
+       uint32_t bytes_transferred = 0;
+       
+       LED_B_ON();
+       while(end_time < start_time + USB_SPEED_TEST_MIN_TIME) {
+               cmd_send(CMD_DOWNLOADED_RAW_ADC_SAMPLES_125K, 0, USB_CMD_DATA_SIZE, 0, test_data, USB_CMD_DATA_SIZE);
+               end_time = GetTickCount();
+               bytes_transferred += USB_CMD_DATA_SIZE;
+       }
+       LED_B_OFF();
+
+       Dbprintf("  Time elapsed:      %dms", end_time - start_time);
+       Dbprintf("  Bytes transferred: %d", bytes_transferred);
+       Dbprintf("  USB Transfer Speed PM3 -> Client = %d Bytes/s", 
+               1000 * bytes_transferred / (end_time - start_time));
+
+}
+       
+/**
+  * Prints runtime information about the PM3.
+**/
+void SendStatus(void)
+{
+       BigBuf_print_status();
+       Fpga_print_status();
+       printConfig(); //LF Sampling config
+       printUSBSpeed();
+       Dbprintf("Various");
+       Dbprintf("  MF_DBGLEVEL......%d", MF_DBGLEVEL);
+       Dbprintf("  ToSendMax........%d",ToSendMax);
+       Dbprintf("  ToSendBit........%d",ToSendBit);
+
+       cmd_send(CMD_ACK,1,0,0,0,0);
+}
+
+#if defined(WITH_ISO14443a_StandAlone) || defined(WITH_LF)
 
+#define OPTS 2
+
+void StandAloneMode()
+{
+       DbpString("Stand-alone mode! No PC necessary.");
        // Oooh pretty -- notify user we're in elite samy mode now
        LED(LED_RED,    200);
        LED(LED_ORANGE, 200);
@@ -322,93 +381,206 @@ void SamyRun()
        LED(LED_ORANGE, 200);
        LED(LED_RED,    200);
 
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+
+#ifdef WITH_ISO14443a_StandAlone
+void StandAloneMode14a()
+{
+       StandAloneMode();
+       FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_HF);
+
        int selected = 0;
-       int playing = 0;
-       int cardRead = 0;
+       int playing = 0, iGotoRecord = 0, iGotoClone = 0;
+       int cardRead[OPTS] = {0};
+       uint8_t readUID[10] = {0};
+       uint32_t uid_1st[OPTS]={0};
+       uint32_t uid_2nd[OPTS]={0};
+       uint32_t uid_tmp1 = 0;
+       uint32_t uid_tmp2 = 0;
+       iso14a_card_select_t hi14a_card[OPTS];
 
-       // Turn on selected LED
        LED(selected + 1, 0);
 
        for (;;)
        {
                usb_poll();
-    WDT_HIT();
-
-               // Was our button held down or pressed?
-               int button_pressed = BUTTON_HELD(1000);
+               WDT_HIT();
                SpinDelay(300);
 
-               // Button was held for a second, begin recording
-               if (button_pressed > 0 && cardRead == 0)
+               if (iGotoRecord == 1 || cardRead[selected] == 0)
                {
+                       iGotoRecord = 0;
                        LEDsoff();
                        LED(selected + 1, 0);
                        LED(LED_RED2, 0);
 
                        // record
-                       DbpString("Starting recording");
-
-                       // wait for button to be released
-                       while(BUTTON_PRESS())
-                               WDT_HIT();
-
+                       Dbprintf("Enabling iso14443a reader mode for [Bank: %u]...", selected);
                        /* need this delay to prevent catching some weird data */
                        SpinDelay(500);
+                       /* Code for reading from 14a tag */
+                       uint8_t uid[10]  ={0};
+                       uint32_t cuid;
+                       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);
 
-                       CmdHIDdemodFSK(1, &high[selected], &low[selected], 0);
-                       Dbprintf("Recorded %x %x %x", selected, high[selected], low[selected]);
+                       for ( ; ; )
+                       {
+                               WDT_HIT();
+                               if (BUTTON_PRESS()) {
+                                       if (cardRead[selected]) {
+                                               Dbprintf("Button press detected -- replaying card in bank[%d]", selected);
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                                       else if (cardRead[(selected+1)%OPTS]) {
+                                               Dbprintf("Button press detected but no card in bank[%d] so playing from bank[%d]", selected, (selected+1)%OPTS);
+                                               selected = (selected+1)%OPTS;
+                                               break; // playing = 1;
+                                       }
+                                       else {
+                                               Dbprintf("Button press detected but no stored tag to play. (Ignoring button)");
+                                               SpinDelay(300);
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               if (!iso14443a_select_card(uid, &hi14a_card[selected], &cuid, true, 0, true))
+                                       continue;
+                               else
+                               {
+                                       Dbprintf("Read UID:"); Dbhexdump(10,uid,0);
+                                       memcpy(readUID,uid,10*sizeof(uint8_t));
+                                       uint8_t *dst = (uint8_t *)&uid_tmp1;
+                                       // Set UID byte order
+                                       for (int i=0; i<4; i++)
+                                               dst[i] = uid[3-i];
+                                       dst = (uint8_t *)&uid_tmp2;
+                                       for (int i=0; i<4; i++)
+                                               dst[i] = uid[7-i];
+                                       if (uid_1st[(selected+1)%OPTS] == uid_tmp1 && uid_2nd[(selected+1)%OPTS] == uid_tmp2) {
+                                               Dbprintf("Card selected has same UID as what is stored in the other bank. Skipping.");
+                                       }
+                                       else {
+                                               if (uid_tmp2) {
+                                                       Dbprintf("Bank[%d] received a 7-byte UID",selected);
+                                                       uid_1st[selected] = (uid_tmp1)>>8;
+                                                       uid_2nd[selected] = (uid_tmp1<<24) + (uid_tmp2>>8);
+                                               }
+                                               else {
+                                                       Dbprintf("Bank[%d] received a 4-byte UID",selected);
+                                                       uid_1st[selected] = uid_tmp1;
+                                                       uid_2nd[selected] = uid_tmp2;
+                                               }
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+                       Dbprintf("ATQA = %02X%02X",hi14a_card[selected].atqa[0],hi14a_card[selected].atqa[1]);
+                       Dbprintf("SAK = %02X",hi14a_card[selected].sak);
+                       LEDsoff();
+                       LED(LED_GREEN,  200);
+                       LED(LED_ORANGE, 200);
+                       LED(LED_GREEN,  200);
+                       LED(LED_ORANGE, 200);
 
                        LEDsoff();
                        LED(selected + 1, 0);
-                       // Finished recording
 
-                       // If we were previously playing, set playing off
-                       // so next button push begins playing what we recorded
-                       playing = 0;
-                       
-                       cardRead = 1;
-       
-               }
+                       // Next state is replay:
+                       playing = 1;
 
-               else if (button_pressed > 0 && cardRead == 1)
+                       cardRead[selected] = 1;
+               }
+               /* MF Classic UID clone */
+               else if (iGotoClone==1)
                {
-                                       LEDsoff();
-                                       LED(selected + 1, 0);
-                                       LED(LED_ORANGE, 0);
-
-                                       // record
-                                       Dbprintf("Cloning %x %x %x", selected, high[selected], low[selected]);
-
-                                       // wait for button to be released
-                                       while(BUTTON_PRESS())
-                                               WDT_HIT();
-
-                                       /* need this delay to prevent catching some weird data */
-                                       SpinDelay(500);
+                       iGotoClone=0;
+                       LEDsoff();
+                       LED(selected + 1, 0);
+                       LED(LED_ORANGE, 250);
 
-                                       CopyHIDtoT55x7(high[selected], low[selected], 0, 0);
-                                       Dbprintf("Cloned %x %x %x", selected, high[selected], low[selected]);
 
-                                       LEDsoff();
-                                       LED(selected + 1, 0);
-                                       // Finished recording
+                       // record
+                       Dbprintf("Preparing to Clone card [Bank: %x]; uid: %08x", selected, uid_1st[selected]);
 
-                                       // If we were previously playing, set playing off
-                                       // so next button push begins playing what we recorded
+                       // wait for button to be released
+                       while(BUTTON_PRESS())
+                       {
+                               // Delay cloning until card is in place
+                               WDT_HIT();
+                       }
+                       Dbprintf("Starting clone. [Bank: %u]", selected);
+                       // need this delay to prevent catching some weird data
+                       SpinDelay(500);
+                       // Begin clone function here:
+                       /* Example from client/mifarehost.c for commanding a block write for "magic Chinese" cards:
+                                       UsbCommand c = {CMD_MIFARE_CSETBLOCK, {wantWipe, params & (0xFE | (uid == NULL ? 0:1)), blockNo}};
+                                       memcpy(c.d.asBytes, data, 16);
+                                       SendCommand(&c);
+
+                                       Block read is similar:
+                                       UsbCommand c = {CMD_MIFARE_CGETBLOCK, {params, 0, blockNo}};
+                                       We need to imitate that call with blockNo 0 to set a uid.
+
+                                       The get and set commands are handled in this file:
+                                       // Work with "magic Chinese" card
+                                       case CMD_MIFARE_CSETBLOCK:
+                                               MifareCSetBlock(c->arg[0], c->arg[1], c->arg[2], c->d.asBytes);
+                                               break;
+                                       case CMD_MIFARE_CGETBLOCK:
+                                               MifareCGetBlock(c->arg[0], c->arg[1], c->arg[2], c->d.asBytes);
+                                               break;
+
+                               mfCSetUID provides example logic for UID set workflow:
+                                       -Read block0 from card in field with MifareCGetBlock()
+                                       -Configure new values without replacing reserved bytes
+                                                       memcpy(block0, uid, 4); // Copy UID bytes from byte array
+                                                       // Mifare UID BCC
+                                                       block0[4] = block0[0]^block0[1]^block0[2]^block0[3]; // BCC on byte 5
+                                                       Bytes 5-7 are reserved SAK and ATQA for mifare classic
+                                       -Use mfCSetBlock(0, block0, oldUID, wantWipe, CSETBLOCK_SINGLE_OPER) to write it
+                       */
+                       uint8_t oldBlock0[16] = {0}, newBlock0[16] = {0}, testBlock0[16] = {0};
+                       // arg0 = Flags == CSETBLOCK_SINGLE_OPER=0x1F, arg1=returnSlot, arg2=blockNo
+                       MifareCGetBlock(0x3F, 1, 0, oldBlock0);
+                       if (oldBlock0[0] == 0 && oldBlock0[0] == oldBlock0[1]  && oldBlock0[1] == oldBlock0[2] && oldBlock0[2] == oldBlock0[3]) {
+                               Dbprintf("No changeable tag detected. Returning to replay mode for bank[%d]", selected);
+                               playing = 1;
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               Dbprintf("UID from target tag: %02X%02X%02X%02X", oldBlock0[0],oldBlock0[1],oldBlock0[2],oldBlock0[3]);
+                               memcpy(newBlock0,oldBlock0,16);
+                               // Copy uid_1st for bank (2nd is for longer UIDs not supported if classic)
+
+                               newBlock0[0] = uid_1st[selected]>>24;
+                               newBlock0[1] = 0xFF & (uid_1st[selected]>>16);
+                               newBlock0[2] = 0xFF & (uid_1st[selected]>>8);
+                               newBlock0[3] = 0xFF & (uid_1st[selected]);
+                               newBlock0[4] = newBlock0[0]^newBlock0[1]^newBlock0[2]^newBlock0[3];
+                               // arg0 = needWipe, arg1 = workFlags, arg2 = blockNo, datain
+                               MifareCSetBlock(0, 0xFF,0, newBlock0);
+                               MifareCGetBlock(0x3F, 1, 0, testBlock0);
+                               if (memcmp(testBlock0,newBlock0,16)==0)
+                               {
+                                       DbpString("Cloned successfull!");
+                                       cardRead[selected] = 0; // Only if the card was cloned successfully should we clear it
                                        playing = 0;
-                                       
-                                       cardRead = 0;
-                       
-               }
+                                       iGotoRecord = 1;
+                                       selected = (selected+1) % OPTS;
+                               }
+                               else {
+                                       Dbprintf("Clone failed. Back to replay mode on bank[%d]", selected);
+                                       playing = 1;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       LEDsoff();
+                       LED(selected + 1, 0);
 
+               }
                // Change where to record (or begin playing)
-               else if (button_pressed)
+               else if (playing==1) // button_pressed == BUTTON_SINGLE_CLICK && cardRead[selected])
                {
-                       // Next option if we were previously playing
-                       if (playing)
-                               selected = (selected + 1) % OPTS;
-                       playing = !playing;
-
                        LEDsoff();
                        LED(selected + 1, 0);
 
@@ -417,25 +589,45 @@ void SamyRun()
                        {
                                LED(LED_GREEN, 0);
                                DbpString("Playing");
-                               // wait for button to be released
-                               while(BUTTON_PRESS())
+                               for ( ; ; ) {
                                        WDT_HIT();
-                               Dbprintf("%x %x %x", selected, high[selected], low[selected]);
-                               CmdHIDsimTAG(high[selected], low[selected], 0);
-                               DbpString("Done playing");
-                               if (BUTTON_HELD(1000) > 0)
-                                       {
-                                       DbpString("Exiting");
-                                       LEDsoff();
-                                       return;
+                                       int button_action = BUTTON_HELD(1000);
+                                       if (button_action == 0) { // No button action, proceed with sim
+                                               uint8_t data[512] = {0}; // in case there is a read command received we shouldn't break
+                                               Dbprintf("Simulating ISO14443a tag with uid[0]: %08x, uid[1]: %08x [Bank: %u]", uid_1st[selected],uid_2nd[selected],selected);
+                                               if (hi14a_card[selected].sak == 8 && hi14a_card[selected].atqa[0] == 4 && hi14a_card[selected].atqa[1] == 0) {
+                                                       DbpString("Mifare Classic");
+                                                       SimulateIso14443aTag(1,uid_1st[selected], uid_2nd[selected], data); // Mifare Classic
+                                               }
+                                               else if (hi14a_card[selected].sak == 0 && hi14a_card[selected].atqa[0] == 0x44 && hi14a_card[selected].atqa[1] == 0) {
+                                                       DbpString("Mifare Ultralight");
+                                                       SimulateIso14443aTag(2,uid_1st[selected],uid_2nd[selected],data); // Mifare Ultralight
+                                               }
+                                               else if (hi14a_card[selected].sak == 20 && hi14a_card[selected].atqa[0] == 0x44 && hi14a_card[selected].atqa[1] == 3) {
+                                                       DbpString("Mifare DESFire");
+                                                       SimulateIso14443aTag(3,uid_1st[selected],uid_2nd[selected],data); // Mifare DESFire
+                                               }
+                                               else {
+                                                       Dbprintf("Unrecognized tag type -- defaulting to Mifare Classic emulation");
+                                                       SimulateIso14443aTag(1,uid_1st[selected], uid_2nd[selected], data);
+                                               }
                                        }
+                                       else if (button_action == BUTTON_SINGLE_CLICK) {
+                                               selected = (selected + 1) % OPTS;
+                                               Dbprintf("Done playing. Switching to record mode on bank %d",selected);
+                                               iGotoRecord = 1;
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                                       else if (button_action == BUTTON_HOLD) {
+                                               Dbprintf("Playtime over. Begin cloning...");
+                                               iGotoClone = 1;
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                                       WDT_HIT();
+                               }
 
                                /* We pressed a button so ignore it here with a delay */
                                SpinDelay(300);
-
-                               // when done, we're done playing, move to next option
-                               selected = (selected + 1) % OPTS;
-                               playing = !playing;
                                LEDsoff();
                                LED(selected + 1, 0);
                        }
@@ -445,92 +637,50 @@ void SamyRun()
                }
        }
 }
-#endif
-#endif
-#ifdef WITH_ISO14443a
-#ifdef WITH_ISO14443a_StandAlone
-void StandAloneMode14a()
+#elif WITH_LF
+// samy's sniff and repeat routine
+void SamyRun()
 {
-       DbpString("Stand-alone mode! No PC necessary.");
-       FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_HF);
-
-       // 3 possible options? no just 1 for now
-#undef OPTS
-#define OPTS 2
-       // Oooh pretty -- notify user we're in elite samy mode now
-       LED(LED_RED,    200);
-       LED(LED_ORANGE, 200);
-       LED(LED_GREEN,  200);
-       LED(LED_ORANGE, 200);
-       LED(LED_RED,    200);
-       LED(LED_ORANGE, 200);
-       LED(LED_GREEN,  200);
-       LED(LED_ORANGE, 200);
-       LED(LED_RED,    200);
+       StandAloneMode();
+       FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_LF);
 
+       int high[OPTS], low[OPTS];
        int selected = 0;
        int playing = 0;
-       int cardRead[OPTS] = {0};
-       uint8_t readUID[10] = {0};
-       int uid_1st[OPTS]={0};
-       int uid_2nd[OPTS]={0};
+       int cardRead = 0;
 
+       // Turn on selected LED
        LED(selected + 1, 0);
 
        for (;;)
        {
                usb_poll();
-    WDT_HIT();
+               WDT_HIT();
 
                // Was our button held down or pressed?
                int button_pressed = BUTTON_HELD(1000);
-
                SpinDelay(300);
 
                // Button was held for a second, begin recording
-               if (button_pressed > 0 && cardRead[selected] == 0)
+               if (button_pressed > 0 && cardRead == 0)
                {
                        LEDsoff();
                        LED(selected + 1, 0);
                        LED(LED_RED2, 0);
 
                        // record
-                       Dbprintf("Enabling iso14443a reader mode for [Bank: %u]...", selected);
+                       DbpString("Starting recording");
 
                        // wait for button to be released
                        while(BUTTON_PRESS())
                                WDT_HIT();
+
                        /* need this delay to prevent catching some weird data */
                        SpinDelay(500);
-                       /* Code for reading from 14a tag */
-                       uint8_t uid[10]  ={0};
-                       uint32_t cuid;
-                       iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);
 
-                       for ( ; ; )
-                       {
-                               if (!iso14443a_select_card(uid, NULL, &cuid))
-                                       continue;
-                               else
-                               {
-                                       Dbprintf("Read UID:"); Dbhexdump(10,uid,0);
-                                       memcpy(readUID,uid,10*sizeof(uint8_t));
-                                       uint8_t *dst = (uint8_t *)&uid_1st[selected];
-                                       // Set UID byte order 
-                                       for (int i=0; i<4; i++)
-                                               dst[i] = uid[3-i];
-                                       dst = (uint8_t *)&uid_2nd[selected];
-                                       for (int i=0; i<4; i++)
-                                               dst[i] = uid[7-i];
-                                       break;
-                               }
-                       } 
-                       LEDsoff();
-                        LED(LED_GREEN,  200);
-                        LED(LED_ORANGE, 200);
-                        LED(LED_GREEN,  200);
-                        LED(LED_ORANGE, 200);
-                       
+                       CmdHIDdemodFSK(1, &high[selected], &low[selected], 0);
+                       Dbprintf("Recorded %x %x%08x", selected, high[selected], low[selected]);
+
                        LEDsoff();
                        LED(selected + 1, 0);
                        // Finished recording
@@ -539,77 +689,29 @@ void StandAloneMode14a()
                        // so next button push begins playing what we recorded
                        playing = 0;
                        
-                       cardRead[selected] = 1;
+                       cardRead = 1;
        
                }
-/* MF UID clone */
-               else if (button_pressed > 0 && cardRead[selected] == 1)
+
+               else if (button_pressed > 0 && cardRead == 1)
                {
                                        LEDsoff();
                                        LED(selected + 1, 0);
-                                       LED(LED_ORANGE, 250);
-
+                                       LED(LED_ORANGE, 0);
 
                                        // record
-                                       Dbprintf("Preparing to Clone card [Bank: %x]; uid: %08x", selected, uid_1st[selected]);
+                                       Dbprintf("Cloning %x %x%08x", selected, high[selected], low[selected]);
 
                                        // wait for button to be released
                                        while(BUTTON_PRESS())
-                                               { 
-                                               // Delay cloning until card is in place
                                                WDT_HIT();
-                                               }
-                                       Dbprintf("Starting clone. [Bank: %u]", selected);
-                                       // need this delay to prevent catching some weird data
+
+                                       /* need this delay to prevent catching some weird data */
                                        SpinDelay(500);
-                                       // Begin clone function here:
-                                       /* Example from client/mifarehost.c for commanding a block write for "magic Chinese" cards:
-                                                       UsbCommand c = {CMD_MIFARE_CSETBLOCK, {wantWipe, params & (0xFE | (uid == NULL ? 0:1)), blockNo}};
-                                               memcpy(c.d.asBytes, data, 16);
-                                               SendCommand(&c);
-
-                                       Block read is similar:
-                                               UsbCommand c = {CMD_MIFARE_CGETBLOCK, {params, 0, blockNo}};
-                                       We need to imitate that call with blockNo 0 to set a uid.
-
-                                       The get and set commands are handled in this file:
-                                               // Work with "magic Chinese" card
-                                       case CMD_MIFARE_CSETBLOCK:
-                                               MifareCSetBlock(c->arg[0], c->arg[1], c->arg[2], c->d.asBytes);
-                                               break;
-                                       case CMD_MIFARE_CGETBLOCK:
-                                               MifareCGetBlock(c->arg[0], c->arg[1], c->arg[2], c->d.asBytes);
-                                                                               // 
-                                               break;  
-
-                                               mfCSetUID provides example logic for UID set workflow:
-                                                       -Read block0 from card in field with MifareCGetBlock()
-                                                       -Configure new values without replacing reserved bytes
-                                                               memcpy(block0, uid, 4); // Copy UID bytes from byte array
-                                                               // Mifare UID BCC
-                                                               block0[4] = block0[0]^block0[1]^block0[2]^block0[3]; // BCC on byte 5
-                                                               Bytes 5-7 are reserved SAK and ATQA for mifare classic
-                                               -Use mfCSetBlock(0, block0, oldUID, wantWipe, CSETBLOCK_SINGLE_OPER) to write it
-                               */
-                               uint8_t oldBlock0[16] = {0}, newBlock0[16] = {0}, testBlock0[16] = {0};
-                               // arg0 = Flags == CSETBLOCK_SINGLE_OPER=0x1F, arg1=returnSlot, arg2=blockNo 
-                               MifareCGetBlock(0x1F, 1, 0, oldBlock0);
-                               Dbprintf("UID from target tag: %02X%02X%02X%02X", oldBlock0[0],oldBlock0[1],oldBlock0[2],oldBlock0[3]);
-                               memcpy(newBlock0,oldBlock0,16);
-                               // Copy uid_1st for bank (2nd is for longer UIDs not supported if classic)
-                               newBlock0[0] = uid_1st[selected]>>24;
-                               newBlock0[1] = 0xFF & (uid_1st[selected]>>16);
-                               newBlock0[2] = 0xFF & (uid_1st[selected]>>8);
-                               newBlock0[3] = 0xFF & (uid_1st[selected]);
-                               newBlock0[4] = newBlock0[0]^newBlock0[1]^newBlock0[2]^newBlock0[3];
-                               // arg0 = needWipe, arg1 = workFlags, arg2 = blockNo, datain
-                               MifareCSetBlock(0, 0xFF,0, newBlock0);
-                               MifareCGetBlock(0x1F, 1, 0, testBlock0);
-                               if (memcmp(testBlock0,newBlock0,16)==0)
-                               {
-                                       DbpString("Cloned successfull!");
-                                       cardRead[selected] = 0; // Only if the card was cloned successfully should we clear it
-                               }
+
+                                       CopyHIDtoT55x7(0, high[selected], low[selected], 0);
+                                       Dbprintf("Cloned %x %x%08x", selected, high[selected], low[selected]);
+
                                        LEDsoff();
                                        LED(selected + 1, 0);
                                        // Finished recording
@@ -617,10 +719,13 @@ void StandAloneMode14a()
                                        // If we were previously playing, set playing off
                                        // so next button push begins playing what we recorded
                                        playing = 0;
+                                       
+                                       cardRead = 0;
                        
                }
+
                // Change where to record (or begin playing)
-               else if (button_pressed && cardRead[selected])
+               else if (button_pressed)
                {
                        // Next option if we were previously playing
                        if (playing)
@@ -635,12 +740,18 @@ void StandAloneMode14a()
                        {
                                LED(LED_GREEN, 0);
                                DbpString("Playing");
-                   while (!BUTTON_HELD(500)) { // Loop simulating tag until the button is held a half-sec
-                           Dbprintf("Simulating ISO14443a tag with uid[0]: %08x, uid[1]: %08x [Bank: %u]", uid_1st[selected],uid_2nd[selected],selected);
-                                       SimulateIso14443aTag(1,uid_1st[selected],uid_2nd[selected],NULL);       
+                               // wait for button to be released
+                               while(BUTTON_PRESS())
+                                       WDT_HIT();
+                               Dbprintf("%x %x%08x", selected, high[selected], low[selected]);
+                               CmdHIDsimTAG(high[selected], low[selected], 0);
+                               DbpString("Done playing");
+                               if (BUTTON_HELD(1000) > 0)
+                                       {
+                                       DbpString("Exiting");
+                                       LEDsoff();
+                                       return;
                                        }
-                               //cardRead[selected] = 1; 
-                               Dbprintf("Done playing [Bank: %u]",selected);
 
                                /* We pressed a button so ignore it here with a delay */
                                SpinDelay(300);
@@ -651,13 +762,13 @@ void StandAloneMode14a()
                                LEDsoff();
                                LED(selected + 1, 0);
                        }
-                       else 
+                       else
                                while(BUTTON_PRESS())
                                        WDT_HIT();
                }
        }
 }
-#endif
+
 #endif
 /*
 OBJECTIVE
@@ -747,7 +858,7 @@ void ListenReaderField(int limit)
 
                if (limit != HF_ONLY) {
                        if(mode == 1) {
-                               if (abs(lf_av - lf_baseline) > REPORT_CHANGE) 
+                               if (ABS(lf_av - lf_baseline) > REPORT_CHANGE) 
                                        LED_D_ON();
                                else
                                        LED_D_OFF();
@@ -755,7 +866,7 @@ void ListenReaderField(int limit)
 
                        lf_av_new = AvgAdc(ADC_CHAN_LF);
                        // see if there's a significant change
-                       if(abs(lf_av - lf_av_new) > REPORT_CHANGE) {
+                       if(ABS(lf_av - lf_av_new) > REPORT_CHANGE) {
                                Dbprintf("LF 125/134kHz Field Change: %5dmV", (MAX_ADC_LF_VOLTAGE * lf_av_new) >> 10);
                                lf_av = lf_av_new;
                                if (lf_av > lf_max)
@@ -765,7 +876,7 @@ void ListenReaderField(int limit)
 
                if (limit != LF_ONLY) {
                        if (mode == 1){
-                               if (abs(hf_av - hf_baseline) > REPORT_CHANGE)   
+                               if (ABS(hf_av - hf_baseline) > REPORT_CHANGE)   
                                        LED_B_ON();
                                else
                                        LED_B_OFF();
@@ -773,7 +884,7 @@ void ListenReaderField(int limit)
 
                        hf_av_new = AvgAdc(ADC_CHAN_HF);
                        // see if there's a significant change
-                       if(abs(hf_av - hf_av_new) > REPORT_CHANGE) {
+                       if(ABS(hf_av - hf_av_new) > REPORT_CHANGE) {
                                Dbprintf("HF 13.56MHz Field Change: %5dmV", (MAX_ADC_HF_VOLTAGE * hf_av_new) >> 10);
                                hf_av = hf_av_new;
                                if (hf_av > hf_max)
@@ -822,7 +933,7 @@ void UsbPacketReceived(uint8_t *packet, int len)
                        setSamplingConfig((sample_config *) c->d.asBytes);
                        break;
                case CMD_ACQUIRE_RAW_ADC_SAMPLES_125K:
-                       cmd_send(CMD_ACK,SampleLF(c->arg[0]),0,0,0,0);
+                       cmd_send(CMD_ACK,SampleLF(c->arg[0], c->arg[1]),0,0,0,0);
                        break;
                case CMD_MOD_THEN_ACQUIRE_RAW_ADC_SAMPLES_125K:
                        ModThenAcquireRawAdcSamples125k(c->arg[0],c->arg[1],c->arg[2],c->d.asBytes);
@@ -852,7 +963,7 @@ void UsbPacketReceived(uint8_t *packet, int len)
                        CmdIOdemodFSK(c->arg[0], 0, 0, 1);
                        break;
                case CMD_IO_CLONE_TAG:
-                       CopyIOtoT55x7(c->arg[0], c->arg[1], c->d.asBytes[0]);
+                       CopyIOtoT55x7(c->arg[0], c->arg[1]);
                        break;
                case CMD_EM410X_DEMOD:
                        CmdEM410xdemod(c->arg[0], 0, 0, 1);
@@ -881,27 +992,38 @@ void UsbPacketReceived(uint8_t *packet, int len)
                        CopyIndala224toT55x7(c->d.asDwords[0], c->d.asDwords[1], c->d.asDwords[2], c->d.asDwords[3], c->d.asDwords[4], c->d.asDwords[5], c->d.asDwords[6]);
                        break;
                case CMD_T55XX_READ_BLOCK:
-                       T55xxReadBlock(c->arg[1], c->arg[2],c->d.asBytes[0]);
+                       T55xxReadBlock(c->arg[0], c->arg[1], c->arg[2]);
                        break;
                case CMD_T55XX_WRITE_BLOCK:
                        T55xxWriteBlock(c->arg[0], c->arg[1], c->arg[2], c->d.asBytes[0]);
                        break;
-               case CMD_T55XX_READ_TRACE:
-                       T55xxReadTrace();
+               case CMD_T55XX_WAKEUP:
+                       T55xxWakeUp(c->arg[0]);
+                       break;
+               case CMD_T55XX_RESET_READ:
+                       T55xxResetRead();
                        break;
                case CMD_PCF7931_READ:
                        ReadPCF7931();
-                       cmd_send(CMD_ACK,0,0,0,0,0);
+                       break;
+               case CMD_PCF7931_WRITE:
+                       WritePCF7931(c->d.asBytes[0],c->d.asBytes[1],c->d.asBytes[2],c->d.asBytes[3],c->d.asBytes[4],c->d.asBytes[5],c->d.asBytes[6], c->d.asBytes[9], c->d.asBytes[7]-128,c->d.asBytes[8]-128, c->arg[0], c->arg[1], c->arg[2]);
                        break;
                case CMD_EM4X_READ_WORD:
-                       EM4xReadWord(c->arg[1], c->arg[2],c->d.asBytes[0]);
+                       EM4xReadWord(c->arg[0], c->arg[1],c->arg[2]);
                        break;
                case CMD_EM4X_WRITE_WORD:
-                       EM4xWriteWord(c->arg[0], c->arg[1], c->arg[2], c->d.asBytes[0]);
+                       EM4xWriteWord(c->arg[0], c->arg[1], c->arg[2]);
                        break;
                case CMD_AWID_DEMOD_FSK: // Set realtime AWID demodulation
                        CmdAWIDdemodFSK(c->arg[0], 0, 0, 1);
-                        break;
+                       break;
+               case CMD_VIKING_CLONE_TAG:
+                       CopyVikingtoT55xx(c->arg[0], c->arg[1], c->arg[2]);
+                       break;
+               case CMD_COTAG:
+                       Cotag(c->arg[0]);
+                       break;
 #endif
 
 #ifdef WITH_HITAG
@@ -914,6 +1036,23 @@ void UsbPacketReceived(uint8_t *packet, int len)
                case CMD_READER_HITAG: // Reader for Hitag tags, args = type and function
                        ReaderHitag((hitag_function)c->arg[0],(hitag_data*)c->d.asBytes);
                        break;
+               case CMD_SIMULATE_HITAG_S:// Simulate Hitag s tag, args = memory content
+                       SimulateHitagSTag((bool)c->arg[0],(byte_t*)c->d.asBytes);
+                       break;
+               case CMD_TEST_HITAGS_TRACES:// Tests every challenge within the given file
+                       check_challenges((bool)c->arg[0],(byte_t*)c->d.asBytes);
+                       break;
+               case CMD_READ_HITAG_S://Reader for only Hitag S tags, args = key or challenge
+                       ReadHitagS((hitag_function)c->arg[0],(hitag_data*)c->d.asBytes);
+                       break;
+               case CMD_WR_HITAG_S://writer for Hitag tags args=data to write,page and key or challenge
+                       if ((hitag_function)c->arg[0] < 10) {
+                               WritePageHitagS((hitag_function)c->arg[0],(hitag_data*)c->d.asBytes,c->arg[2]);
+                       }
+                       else if ((hitag_function)c->arg[0] >= 10) {
+                         WriterHitag((hitag_function)c->arg[0],(hitag_data*)c->d.asBytes, c->arg[2]);
+                       }
+                       break;
 #endif
 
 #ifdef WITH_ISO15693
@@ -1024,6 +1163,9 @@ void UsbPacketReceived(uint8_t *packet, int len)
                case CMD_MIFAREU_WRITEBL:
                        MifareUWriteBlock(c->arg[0], c->arg[1], c->d.asBytes);
                        break;
+               case CMD_MIFARE_ACQUIRE_ENCRYPTED_NONCES:
+                       MifareAcquireEncryptedNonces(c->arg[0], c->arg[1], c->arg[2], c->d.asBytes);
+                       break;
                case CMD_MIFARE_NESTED:
                        MifareNested(c->arg[0], c->arg[1], c->arg[2], c->d.asBytes);
                        break;
@@ -1052,6 +1194,9 @@ void UsbPacketReceived(uint8_t *packet, int len)
                        break;
                        
                // Work with "magic Chinese" card
+               case CMD_MIFARE_CWIPE:
+                       MifareCWipe(c->arg[0], c->arg[1], c->arg[2], c->d.asBytes);
+                       break;
                case CMD_MIFARE_CSETBLOCK:
                        MifareCSetBlock(c->arg[0], c->arg[1], c->arg[2], c->d.asBytes);
                        break;
@@ -1081,11 +1226,34 @@ void UsbPacketReceived(uint8_t *packet, int len)
                        ReaderIClass(c->arg[0]);
                        break;
                case CMD_READER_ICLASS_REPLAY:
-                   ReaderIClass_Replay(c->arg[0], c->d.asBytes);
+                       ReaderIClass_Replay(c->arg[0], c->d.asBytes);
                        break;
-       case CMD_ICLASS_EML_MEMSET:
+               case CMD_ICLASS_EML_MEMSET:
                        emlSet(c->d.asBytes,c->arg[0], c->arg[1]);
                        break;
+               case CMD_ICLASS_WRITEBLOCK:
+                       iClass_WriteBlock(c->arg[0], c->d.asBytes);
+                       break;
+               case CMD_ICLASS_READCHECK:  // auth step 1
+                       iClass_ReadCheck(c->arg[0], c->arg[1]);
+                       break;
+               case CMD_ICLASS_READBLOCK:
+                       iClass_ReadBlk(c->arg[0]);
+                       break;
+               case CMD_ICLASS_AUTHENTICATION: //check
+                       iClass_Authentication(c->d.asBytes);
+                       break;
+               case CMD_ICLASS_DUMP:
+                       iClass_Dump(c->arg[0], c->arg[1]);
+                       break;
+               case CMD_ICLASS_CLONE:
+                       iClass_Clone(c->arg[0], c->arg[1], c->d.asBytes);
+                       break;
+#endif
+#ifdef WITH_HFSNOOP
+               case CMD_HF_SNIFFER:
+                       HfSnoop(c->arg[0], c->arg[1]);
+                       break;
 #endif
 
                case CMD_BUFF_CLEAR:
@@ -1093,7 +1261,7 @@ void UsbPacketReceived(uint8_t *packet, int len)
                        break;
 
                case CMD_MEASURE_ANTENNA_TUNING:
-                       MeasureAntennaTuning();
+                       MeasureAntennaTuning(c->arg[0]);
                        break;
 
                case CMD_MEASURE_ANTENNA_TUNING_HF:
@@ -1124,6 +1292,15 @@ void UsbPacketReceived(uint8_t *packet, int len)
                        break;
 
                case CMD_DOWNLOADED_SIM_SAMPLES_125K: {
+                       // iceman; since changing fpga_bitstreams clears bigbuff, Its better to call it before.
+                       // to be able to use this one for uploading data to device 
+                       // arg1 = 0 upload for LF usage 
+                       //        1 upload for HF usage
+                       if (c->arg[1] == 0)
+                               FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_LF);
+                       else
+                               FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_HF);
+
                        uint8_t *b = BigBuf_get_addr();
                        memcpy(b+c->arg[0], c->d.asBytes, USB_CMD_DATA_SIZE);
                        cmd_send(CMD_ACK,0,0,0,0,0);
@@ -1134,7 +1311,7 @@ void UsbPacketReceived(uint8_t *packet, int len)
                        break;
 
                case CMD_SET_LF_DIVISOR:
-                       FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_LF);
+                       FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_LF);
                        FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, c->arg[0]);
                        break;
 
@@ -1150,7 +1327,12 @@ void UsbPacketReceived(uint8_t *packet, int len)
                case CMD_VERSION:
                        SendVersion();
                        break;
-
+               case CMD_STATUS:
+                       SendStatus();
+                       break;
+               case CMD_PING:
+                       cmd_send(CMD_ACK,0,0,0,0,0);
+                       break;
 #ifdef WITH_LCD
                case CMD_LCD_RESET:
                        LCDReset();
@@ -1218,7 +1400,7 @@ void  __attribute__((noreturn)) AppMain(void)
        AT91C_BASE_PMC->PMC_SCER = AT91C_PMC_PCK0;
        // PCK0 is PLL clock / 4 = 96Mhz / 4 = 24Mhz
        AT91C_BASE_PMC->PMC_PCKR[0] = AT91C_PMC_CSS_PLL_CLK |
-               AT91C_PMC_PRES_CLK_4;
+               AT91C_PMC_PRES_CLK_4; //  4 for 24Mhz pck0, 2 for 48 MHZ pck0
        AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_OER = GPIO_PCK0;
 
        // Reset SPI
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