X-Git-Url: https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/proxmark3-svn/blobdiff_plain/6a09bea4271573b36800126ca407bfe2d7214df2..758f5ee3e59a9a0774fb272e7fb7930c91c7ca61:/armsrc/lfops.c

diff --git a/armsrc/lfops.c b/armsrc/lfops.c
index 31fe4ca9..b9ae4521 100644
--- a/armsrc/lfops.c
+++ b/armsrc/lfops.c
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 #include "string.h"
 #include "lfdemod.h"
 #include "lfsampling.h"
-#include "usb_cdc.h"
-
+#include "protocols.h"
+#include "usb_cdc.h" // for usb_poll_validate_length
 
 /**
  * Function to do a modulation and then get samples.
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
  * @param period_1
  * @param command
  */
-void ModThenAcquireRawAdcSamples125k(int delay_off, int period_0, int period_1, uint8_t *command)
+void ModThenAcquireRawAdcSamples125k(uint32_t delay_off, uint32_t period_0, uint32_t period_1, uint8_t *command)
 {
 
 	int divisor_used = 95; // 125 KHz
@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ void ModThenAcquireRawAdcSamples125k(int delay_off, int period_0, int period_1,
 
 	sample_config sc = { 0,0,1, divisor_used, 0};
 	setSamplingConfig(&sc);
+	//clear read buffer
+	BigBuf_Clear_keep_EM();
 
 	/* Make sure the tag is reset */
 	FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_LF);
@@ -202,8 +204,7 @@ void ReadTItag(void)
 		crc = update_crc16(crc, (shift1>>16)&0xff);
 		crc = update_crc16(crc, (shift1>>24)&0xff);
 
-		Dbprintf("Info: Tag data: %x%08x, crc=%x",
-				 (unsigned int)shift1, (unsigned int)shift0, (unsigned int)shift2 & 0xFFFF);
+		Dbprintf("Info: Tag data: %x%08x, crc=%x", (unsigned int)shift1, (unsigned int)shift0, (unsigned int)shift2 & 0xFFFF);
 		if (crc != (shift2&0xffff)) {
 			Dbprintf("Error: CRC mismatch, expected %x", (unsigned int)crc);
 		} else {
@@ -242,11 +243,13 @@ void AcquireTiType(void)
 	int i, j, n;
 	// tag transmission is <20ms, sampling at 2M gives us 40K samples max
 	// each sample is 1 bit stuffed into a uint32_t so we need 1250 uint32_t
- #define TIBUFLEN 1250
+	#define TIBUFLEN 1250
 
 	// clear buffer
-	uint32_t *BigBuf = (uint32_t *)BigBuf_get_addr();
-	memset(BigBuf,0,BigBuf_max_traceLen()/sizeof(uint32_t));
+	uint32_t *buf = (uint32_t *)BigBuf_get_addr();
+
+	//clear buffer now so it does not interfere with timing later
+	BigBuf_Clear_ext(false);
 
 	// Set up the synchronous serial port
 	AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_PDR = GPIO_SSC_DIN;
@@ -267,7 +270,7 @@ void AcquireTiType(void)
 	AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RFMR = SSC_FRAME_MODE_BITS_IN_WORD(32) | AT91C_SSC_MSBF;
 	AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_TCMR = 0;
 	AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_TFMR = 0;
-
+	// iceman, FpgaSetupSsc() ?? the code above? can it be replaced?
 	LED_D_ON();
 
 	// modulate antenna
@@ -284,7 +287,7 @@ void AcquireTiType(void)
 	i = 0;
 	for(;;) {
 		if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY) {
-			BigBuf[i] = AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;	// store 32 bit values in buffer
+			buf[i] = AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;	// store 32 bit values in buffer
 			i++; if(i >= TIBUFLEN) break;
 		}
 		WDT_HIT();
@@ -295,11 +298,12 @@ void AcquireTiType(void)
 	AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_ASR = GPIO_SSC_DIN | GPIO_SSC_DOUT;
 
 	char *dest = (char *)BigBuf_get_addr();
-	n = TIBUFLEN*32;
+	n = TIBUFLEN * 32;
+	
 	// unpack buffer
-	for (i=TIBUFLEN-1; i>=0; i--) {
-		for (j=0; j<32; j++) {
-			if(BigBuf[i] & (1 << j)) {
+	for (i = TIBUFLEN-1; i >= 0; i--) {
+		for (j = 0; j < 32; j++) {
+			if(buf[i] & (1 << j)) {
 				dest[--n] = 1;
 			} else {
 				dest[--n] = -1;
@@ -324,8 +328,7 @@ void WriteTItag(uint32_t idhi, uint32_t idlo, uint16_t crc)
 		crc = update_crc16(crc, (idhi>>16)&0xff);
 		crc = update_crc16(crc, (idhi>>24)&0xff);
 	}
-	Dbprintf("Writing to tag: %x%08x, crc=%x",
-			(unsigned int) idhi, (unsigned int) idlo, crc);
+	Dbprintf("Writing to tag: %x%08x, crc=%x",	(unsigned int) idhi, (unsigned int) idlo, crc);
 
 	// TI tags charge at 134.2Khz
 	FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 88); //134.8Khz
@@ -347,7 +350,7 @@ void WriteTItag(uint32_t idhi, uint32_t idlo, uint16_t crc)
 	// start by writing 0xBB (keyword) and 0xEB (password)
 	// then write 80 bits of data (or 64 bit data + 16 bit crc if you prefer)
 	// finally end with 0x0300 (write frame)
-	// all data is sent lsb firts
+	// all data is sent lsb first
 	// finish with 15ms programming time
 
 	// modulate antenna
@@ -377,7 +380,7 @@ void WriteTItag(uint32_t idhi, uint32_t idlo, uint16_t crc)
 	AcquireTiType();
 
 	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
-	DbpString("Now use 'lf ti read' to check");
+	DbpString("Now use `lf ti read` to check");
 }
 
 void SimulateTagLowFrequency(int period, int gap, int ledcontrol)
@@ -389,36 +392,34 @@ void SimulateTagLowFrequency(int period, int gap, int ledcontrol)
 	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_EDGE_DETECT);
 
 	AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_PER = GPIO_SSC_DOUT | GPIO_SSC_CLK;
-
 	AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_OER = GPIO_SSC_DOUT;
 	AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_ODR = GPIO_SSC_CLK;
 
  #define SHORT_COIL()	LOW(GPIO_SSC_DOUT)
- #define OPEN_COIL()		HIGH(GPIO_SSC_DOUT)
+ #define OPEN_COIL()	HIGH(GPIO_SSC_DOUT)
 
 	i = 0;
 	for(;;) {
 		//wait until SSC_CLK goes HIGH
 		while(!(AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_PDSR & GPIO_SSC_CLK)) {
-			if(BUTTON_PRESS() || (usb_poll_validate_length() )) {
+			if(BUTTON_PRESS() || usb_poll_validate_length() ) {
 				DbpString("Stopped");
 				return;
 			}
 			WDT_HIT();
 		}
-		if (ledcontrol)
-			LED_D_ON();
+		if (ledcontrol) LED_D_ON();
 
 		if(tab[i])
 			OPEN_COIL();
 		else
 			SHORT_COIL();
 
-		if (ledcontrol)
-			LED_D_OFF();
+		if (ledcontrol) LED_D_OFF();
+		
 		//wait until SSC_CLK goes LOW
 		while(AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_PDSR & GPIO_SSC_CLK) {
-			if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
+			if( BUTTON_PRESS() || usb_poll_validate_length() ) {
 				DbpString("Stopped");
 				return;
 			}
@@ -569,12 +570,9 @@ void CmdHIDsimTAG(int hi, int lo, int ledcontrol)
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (ledcontrol)
-		LED_A_ON();
+	if (ledcontrol)	LED_A_ON();
 	SimulateTagLowFrequency(n, 0, ledcontrol);
-
-	if (ledcontrol)
-		LED_A_OFF();
+	if (ledcontrol)	LED_A_OFF();
 }
 
 // prepare a waveform pattern in the buffer based on the ID given then
@@ -598,20 +596,10 @@ void CmdFSKsimTAG(uint16_t arg1, uint16_t arg2, size_t size, uint8_t *BitStream)
 		}
 	}
 	Dbprintf("Simulating with fcHigh: %d, fcLow: %d, clk: %d, invert: %d, n: %d",fcHigh, fcLow, clk, invert, n);
-	/*Dbprintf("DEBUG: First 32:");
-	uint8_t *dest = BigBuf_get_addr();
-	i=0;
-	Dbprintf("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d", dest[i],dest[i+1],dest[i+2],dest[i+3],dest[i+4],dest[i+5],dest[i+6],dest[i+7],dest[i+8],dest[i+9],dest[i+10],dest[i+11],dest[i+12],dest[i+13],dest[i+14],dest[i+15]);
-	i+=16;
-	Dbprintf("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d", dest[i],dest[i+1],dest[i+2],dest[i+3],dest[i+4],dest[i+5],dest[i+6],dest[i+7],dest[i+8],dest[i+9],dest[i+10],dest[i+11],dest[i+12],dest[i+13],dest[i+14],dest[i+15]);
-	*/
-	if (ledcontrol)
-		LED_A_ON();
 
+	if (ledcontrol)	LED_A_ON();
 	SimulateTagLowFrequency(n, 0, ledcontrol);
-
-	if (ledcontrol)
-		LED_A_OFF();
+	if (ledcontrol)	LED_A_OFF();
 }
 
 // compose ask waveform for one bit(ASK)
@@ -640,7 +628,19 @@ static void biphaseSimBit(uint8_t c, int *n, uint8_t clock, uint8_t *phase)
 		memset(dest+(*n), c ^ *phase, clock);
 		*phase ^= 1;
 	}
+	*n += clock;
+}
 
+static void stAskSimBit(int *n, uint8_t clock) {
+	uint8_t *dest = BigBuf_get_addr();
+	uint8_t halfClk = clock/2;
+	//ST = .5 high .5 low 1.5 high .5 low 1 high	
+	memset(dest+(*n), 1, halfClk);
+	memset(dest+(*n) + halfClk, 0, halfClk);
+	memset(dest+(*n) + clock, 1, clock + halfClk);
+	memset(dest+(*n) + clock*2 + halfClk, 0, halfClk);
+	memset(dest+(*n) + clock*3, 1, clock);
+	*n += clock*4;
 }
 
 // args clock, ask/man or askraw, invert, transmission separator
@@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ void CmdASKsimTag(uint16_t arg1, uint16_t arg2, size_t size, uint8_t *BitStream)
 		for (i=0; i<size; i++){
 			biphaseSimBit(BitStream[i]^invert, &n, clk, &phase);
 		}
-		if (BitStream[0]==BitStream[size-1]){ //run a second set inverted to keep phase in check
+		if (phase==1) { //run a second set inverted to keep phase in check
 			for (i=0; i<size; i++){
 				biphaseSimBit(BitStream[i]^invert, &n, clk, &phase);
 			}
@@ -673,25 +673,16 @@ void CmdASKsimTag(uint16_t arg1, uint16_t arg2, size_t size, uint8_t *BitStream)
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	
-	if (separator==1) Dbprintf("sorry but separator option not yet available"); 
+	if (separator==1 && encoding == 1)
+		stAskSimBit(&n, clk);
+	else if (separator==1)
+		Dbprintf("sorry but separator option not yet available");
 
 	Dbprintf("Simulating with clk: %d, invert: %d, encoding: %d, separator: %d, n: %d",clk, invert, encoding, separator, n);
-	//DEBUG
-	//Dbprintf("First 32:");
-	//uint8_t *dest = BigBuf_get_addr();
-	//i=0;
-	//Dbprintf("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d", dest[i],dest[i+1],dest[i+2],dest[i+3],dest[i+4],dest[i+5],dest[i+6],dest[i+7],dest[i+8],dest[i+9],dest[i+10],dest[i+11],dest[i+12],dest[i+13],dest[i+14],dest[i+15]);
-	//i+=16;
-	//Dbprintf("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d", dest[i],dest[i+1],dest[i+2],dest[i+3],dest[i+4],dest[i+5],dest[i+6],dest[i+7],dest[i+8],dest[i+9],dest[i+10],dest[i+11],dest[i+12],dest[i+13],dest[i+14],dest[i+15]);
-
-	if (ledcontrol)
-		LED_A_ON();
-	
-	SimulateTagLowFrequency(n, 0, ledcontrol);
 
-	if (ledcontrol)
-		LED_A_OFF();
+	if (ledcontrol)	LED_A_ON();
+	SimulateTagLowFrequency(n, 0, ledcontrol);
+	if (ledcontrol)	LED_A_OFF();
 }
 
 //carrier can be 2,4 or 8
@@ -720,7 +711,7 @@ static void pskSimBit(uint8_t waveLen, int *n, uint8_t clk, uint8_t *curPhase, b
 // args clock, carrier, invert,
 void CmdPSKsimTag(uint16_t arg1, uint16_t arg2, size_t size, uint8_t *BitStream)
 {
-	int ledcontrol=1;
+	int ledcontrol = 1;
 	int n=0, i=0;
 	uint8_t clk = arg1 >> 8;
 	uint8_t carrier = arg1 & 0xFF;
@@ -734,32 +725,25 @@ void CmdPSKsimTag(uint16_t arg1, uint16_t arg2, size_t size, uint8_t *BitStream)
 		}
 	}
 	Dbprintf("Simulating with Carrier: %d, clk: %d, invert: %d, n: %d",carrier, clk, invert, n);
-	//Dbprintf("DEBUG: First 32:");
-	//uint8_t *dest = BigBuf_get_addr();
-	//i=0;
-	//Dbprintf("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d", dest[i],dest[i+1],dest[i+2],dest[i+3],dest[i+4],dest[i+5],dest[i+6],dest[i+7],dest[i+8],dest[i+9],dest[i+10],dest[i+11],dest[i+12],dest[i+13],dest[i+14],dest[i+15]);
-	//i+=16;
-	//Dbprintf("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d", dest[i],dest[i+1],dest[i+2],dest[i+3],dest[i+4],dest[i+5],dest[i+6],dest[i+7],dest[i+8],dest[i+9],dest[i+10],dest[i+11],dest[i+12],dest[i+13],dest[i+14],dest[i+15]);
 		   
-	if (ledcontrol)
-		LED_A_ON();
+	if (ledcontrol)	LED_A_ON();
 	SimulateTagLowFrequency(n, 0, ledcontrol);
-
-	if (ledcontrol)
-		LED_A_OFF();
+	if (ledcontrol)	LED_A_OFF();
 }
 
 // loop to get raw HID waveform then FSK demodulate the TAG ID from it
 void CmdHIDdemodFSK(int findone, int *high, int *low, int ledcontrol)
 {
 	uint8_t *dest = BigBuf_get_addr();
-	//const size_t sizeOfBigBuff = BigBuf_max_traceLen();
 	size_t size = 0; 
 	uint32_t hi2=0, hi=0, lo=0;
 	int idx=0;
 	// Configure to go in 125Khz listen mode
 	LFSetupFPGAForADC(95, true);
 
+	//clear read buffer
+	BigBuf_Clear_keep_EM();
+
 	while(!BUTTON_PRESS() && !usb_poll_validate_length()) {
 
 		WDT_HIT();
@@ -767,7 +751,6 @@ void CmdHIDdemodFSK(int findone, int *high, int *low, int ledcontrol)
 
 		DoAcquisition_default(-1,true);
 		// FSK demodulator
-		//size = sizeOfBigBuff;  //variable size will change after demod so re initialize it before use
 		size = 50*128*2; //big enough to catch 2 sequences of largest format
 		idx = HIDdemodFSK(dest, &size, &hi2, &hi, &lo);
 		
@@ -775,12 +758,16 @@ void CmdHIDdemodFSK(int findone, int *high, int *low, int ledcontrol)
 			// go over previously decoded manchester data and decode into usable tag ID
 			if (hi2 != 0){ //extra large HID tags  88/192 bits
 				Dbprintf("TAG ID: %x%08x%08x (%d)",
-				  (unsigned int) hi2, (unsigned int) hi, (unsigned int) lo, (unsigned int) (lo>>1) & 0xFFFF);
-			}else {  //standard HID tags 44/96 bits
-				//Dbprintf("TAG ID: %x%08x (%d)",(unsigned int) hi, (unsigned int) lo, (unsigned int) (lo>>1) & 0xFFFF); //old print cmd
+				  (unsigned int) hi2,
+				  (unsigned int) hi,
+				  (unsigned int) lo,
+				  (unsigned int) (lo>>1) & 0xFFFF
+				  );
+			} else {  //standard HID tags 44/96 bits
 				uint8_t bitlen = 0;
 				uint32_t fc = 0;
 				uint32_t cardnum = 0;
+				
 				if (((hi>>5)&1) == 1){//if bit 38 is set then < 37 bit format is used
 					uint32_t lo2=0;
 					lo2=(((hi & 31) << 12) | (lo>>20)); //get bits 21-37 to check for format len bit
@@ -818,11 +805,13 @@ void CmdHIDdemodFSK(int findone, int *high, int *low, int ledcontrol)
 						fc = ((hi&0xF)<<12)|(lo>>20);
 					}
 				}
-				//Dbprintf("TAG ID: %x%08x (%d)",
-				// (unsigned int) hi, (unsigned int) lo, (unsigned int) (lo>>1) & 0xFFFF);
 				Dbprintf("TAG ID: %x%08x (%d) - Format Len: %dbit - FC: %d - Card: %d",
-						 (unsigned int) hi, (unsigned int) lo, (unsigned int) (lo>>1) & 0xFFFF,
-						 (unsigned int) bitlen, (unsigned int) fc, (unsigned int) cardnum);
+						 (unsigned int) hi,
+						 (unsigned int) lo,
+						 (unsigned int) (lo>>1) & 0xFFFF,
+						 (unsigned int) bitlen,
+						 (unsigned int) fc,
+						 (unsigned int) cardnum);
 			}
 			if (findone){
 				if (ledcontrol)	LED_A_OFF();
@@ -843,9 +832,10 @@ void CmdHIDdemodFSK(int findone, int *high, int *low, int ledcontrol)
 void CmdAWIDdemodFSK(int findone, int *high, int *low, int ledcontrol)
 {
 	uint8_t *dest = BigBuf_get_addr();
-	//const size_t sizeOfBigBuff = BigBuf_max_traceLen();
 	size_t size; 
 	int idx=0;
+	//clear read buffer
+	BigBuf_Clear_keep_EM();
 	// Configure to go in 125Khz listen mode
 	LFSetupFPGAForADC(95, true);
 
@@ -856,11 +846,10 @@ void CmdAWIDdemodFSK(int findone, int *high, int *low, int ledcontrol)
 
 		DoAcquisition_default(-1,true);
 		// FSK demodulator
-		//size = sizeOfBigBuff;  //variable size will change after demod so re initialize it before use
 		size = 50*128*2; //big enough to catch 2 sequences of largest format
 		idx = AWIDdemodFSK(dest, &size);
 		
-		if (idx>0 && size==96){
+		if (idx<=0 || size!=96) continue;
 	        // Index map
 	        // 0            10            20            30              40            50              60
 	        // |            |             |             |               |             |               |
@@ -880,7 +869,7 @@ void CmdAWIDdemodFSK(int findone, int *high, int *low, int ledcontrol)
 	        uint32_t rawHi2 = bytebits_to_byte(dest+idx,32);
 
 	        size = removeParity(dest, idx+8, 4, 1, 88);
-	        // ok valid card found!
+		if (size != 66) continue;
 
 	        // Index map
 	        // 0           10         20        30          40        50        60
@@ -890,38 +879,51 @@ void CmdAWIDdemodFSK(int findone, int *high, int *low, int ledcontrol)
 	        // 00011010 1 01110101 0000000010001110 1 000000000000000000000000000000000
 	        // bbbbbbbb w ffffffff cccccccccccccccc w xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 	        // |26 bit|   |-117--| |-----142------|
+			//
+			// 00110010 0 0000011111010000000000000001000100101000100001111 0 00000000 
+			// bbbbbbbb w ffffffffffffffffccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc w xxxxxxxx
+			// |50 bit|   |----4000------||-----------2248975-------------| 			
+			//
 	        // b = format bit len, o = odd parity of last 3 bits
 	        // f = facility code, c = card number
 	        // w = wiegand parity
-	        // (26 bit format shown)
 
 	        uint32_t fc = 0;
 	        uint32_t cardnum = 0;
 	        uint32_t code1 = 0;
 	        uint32_t code2 = 0;
 	        uint8_t fmtLen = bytebits_to_byte(dest,8);
-	        if (fmtLen==26){
-	                fc = bytebits_to_byte(dest+9, 8);
-	                cardnum = bytebits_to_byte(dest+17, 16);
-	                code1 = bytebits_to_byte(dest+8,fmtLen);
-	                Dbprintf("AWID Found - BitLength: %d, FC: %d, Card: %d - Wiegand: %x, Raw: %08x%08x%08x", fmtLen, fc, cardnum, code1, rawHi2, rawHi, rawLo);
-	        } else {
-	                cardnum = bytebits_to_byte(dest+8+(fmtLen-17), 16);
-	                if (fmtLen>32){
-                        code1 = bytebits_to_byte(dest+8,fmtLen-32);
-                        code2 = bytebits_to_byte(dest+8+(fmtLen-32),32);
-                        Dbprintf("AWID Found - BitLength: %d -unknown BitLength- (%d) - Wiegand: %x%08x, Raw: %08x%08x%08x", fmtLen, cardnum, code1, code2, rawHi2, rawHi, rawLo);
-                } else{
-                        code1 = bytebits_to_byte(dest+8,fmtLen);
-                        Dbprintf("AWID Found - BitLength: %d -unknown BitLength- (%d) - Wiegand: %x, Raw: %08x%08x%08x", fmtLen, cardnum, code1, rawHi2, rawHi, rawLo);
-                }
+			switch(fmtLen) {
+				case 26: 
+					fc = bytebits_to_byte(dest + 9, 8);
+					cardnum = bytebits_to_byte(dest + 17, 16);
+					code1 = bytebits_to_byte(dest + 8,fmtLen);
+					Dbprintf("AWID Found - BitLength: %d, FC: %d, Card: %u - Wiegand: %x, Raw: %08x%08x%08x", fmtLen, fc, cardnum, code1, rawHi2, rawHi, rawLo);
+					break;
+				case 50:
+					fc = bytebits_to_byte(dest + 9, 16);
+					cardnum = bytebits_to_byte(dest + 25, 32);
+					code1 = bytebits_to_byte(dest + 8, (fmtLen-32) );
+					code2 = bytebits_to_byte(dest + 8 + (fmtLen-32), 32);
+					Dbprintf("AWID Found - BitLength: %d, FC: %d, Card: %u - Wiegand: %x%08x, Raw: %08x%08x%08x", fmtLen, fc, cardnum, code1, code2, rawHi2, rawHi, rawLo);
+					break;
+				default:
+					if (fmtLen > 32 ) {
+						cardnum = bytebits_to_byte(dest+8+(fmtLen-17), 16);
+						code1 = bytebits_to_byte(dest+8,fmtLen-32);
+						code2 = bytebits_to_byte(dest+8+(fmtLen-32),32);
+						Dbprintf("AWID Found - BitLength: %d -unknown BitLength- (%u) - Wiegand: %x%08x, Raw: %08x%08x%08x", fmtLen, cardnum, code1, code2, rawHi2, rawHi, rawLo);
+					} else {
+						cardnum = bytebits_to_byte(dest+8+(fmtLen-17), 16);
+						code1 = bytebits_to_byte(dest+8,fmtLen);
+						Dbprintf("AWID Found - BitLength: %d -unknown BitLength- (%u) - Wiegand: %x, Raw: %08x%08x%08x", fmtLen, cardnum, code1, rawHi2, rawHi, rawLo);
+					}
+					break;		
 			}
 			if (findone){
 				if (ledcontrol)	LED_A_OFF();
 				return;
 			}
-			// reset
-		}
 		idx = 0;
 		WDT_HIT();
 	}
@@ -937,6 +939,8 @@ void CmdEM410xdemod(int findone, int *high, int *low, int ledcontrol)
 	int clk=0, invert=0, errCnt=0, maxErr=20;
 	uint32_t hi=0;
 	uint64_t lo=0;
+	//clear read buffer
+	BigBuf_Clear_keep_EM();
 	// Configure to go in 125Khz listen mode
 	LFSetupFPGAForADC(95, true);
 
@@ -998,6 +1002,10 @@ void CmdIOdemodFSK(int findone, int *high, int *low, int ledcontrol)
 	uint16_t number=0;
 	uint8_t crc = 0;
 	uint16_t calccrc = 0;
+
+	//clear read buffer
+	BigBuf_Clear_keep_EM();
+	
 	// Configure to go in 125Khz listen mode
 	LFSetupFPGAForADC(95, true);
 
@@ -1041,7 +1049,7 @@ void CmdIOdemodFSK(int findone, int *high, int *low, int ledcontrol)
 			code = bytebits_to_byte(dest+idx,32);
 			code2 = bytebits_to_byte(dest+idx+32,32);
 			version = bytebits_to_byte(dest+idx+27,8); //14,4
-		facilitycode = bytebits_to_byte(dest+idx+18,8);
+			facilitycode = bytebits_to_byte(dest+idx+18,8);
 			number = (bytebits_to_byte(dest+idx+36,8)<<8)|(bytebits_to_byte(dest+idx+45,8)); //36,9
 
 			crc = bytebits_to_byte(dest+idx+54,8);
@@ -1056,7 +1064,6 @@ void CmdIOdemodFSK(int findone, int *high, int *low, int ledcontrol)
 			// if we're only looking for one tag
 			if (findone){
 				if (ledcontrol)	LED_A_OFF();
-				//LED_A_OFF();
 				*high=code;
 				*low=code2;
 				return;
@@ -1073,72 +1080,21 @@ void CmdIOdemodFSK(int findone, int *high, int *low, int ledcontrol)
 }
 
 /*------------------------------
- * T5555/T5557/T5567 routines
+ * T5555/T5557/T5567/T5577 routines
  *------------------------------
- */
-
-/* T55x7 configuration register definitions */
-#define T55x7_POR_DELAY				0x00000001
-#define T55x7_ST_TERMINATOR			0x00000008
-#define T55x7_PWD					0x00000010
-#define T55x7_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT		5
-#define T55x7_AOR					0x00000200
-#define T55x7_PSKCF_RF_2			0
-#define T55x7_PSKCF_RF_4			0x00000400
-#define T55x7_PSKCF_RF_8			0x00000800
-#define T55x7_MODULATION_DIRECT		0
-#define T55x7_MODULATION_PSK1		0x00001000
-#define T55x7_MODULATION_PSK2		0x00002000
-#define T55x7_MODULATION_PSK3		0x00003000
-#define T55x7_MODULATION_FSK1		0x00004000
-#define T55x7_MODULATION_FSK2		0x00005000
-#define T55x7_MODULATION_FSK1a		0x00006000
-#define T55x7_MODULATION_FSK2a		0x00007000
-#define T55x7_MODULATION_MANCHESTER	0x00008000
-#define T55x7_MODULATION_BIPHASE	0x00010000
-#define T55x7_MODULATION_DIPHASE	0x00018000
-//#define T55x7_MODULATION_BIPHASE57	0x00011000
-#define T55x7_BITRATE_RF_8			0
-#define T55x7_BITRATE_RF_16			0x00040000
-#define T55x7_BITRATE_RF_32			0x00080000
-#define T55x7_BITRATE_RF_40			0x000C0000
-#define T55x7_BITRATE_RF_50			0x00100000
-#define T55x7_BITRATE_RF_64			0x00140000
-#define T55x7_BITRATE_RF_100		0x00180000
-#define T55x7_BITRATE_RF_128		0x001C0000
-
-/* T5555 (Q5) configuration register definitions */
-#define T5555_ST_TERMINATOR			0x00000001
-#define T5555_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT		0x00000001
-#define T5555_MODULATION_MANCHESTER	0
-#define T5555_MODULATION_PSK1		0x00000010
-#define T5555_MODULATION_PSK2		0x00000020
-#define T5555_MODULATION_PSK3		0x00000030
-#define T5555_MODULATION_FSK1		0x00000040
-#define T5555_MODULATION_FSK2		0x00000050
-#define T5555_MODULATION_BIPHASE	0x00000060
-#define T5555_MODULATION_DIRECT		0x00000070
-#define T5555_INVERT_OUTPUT			0x00000080
-#define T5555_PSK_RF_2				0
-#define T5555_PSK_RF_4				0x00000100
-#define T5555_PSK_RF_8				0x00000200
-#define T5555_USE_PWD				0x00000400
-#define T5555_USE_AOR				0x00000800
-#define T5555_BITRATE_SHIFT			12
-#define T5555_FAST_WRITE			0x00004000
-#define T5555_PAGE_SELECT			0x00008000
-
-/*
- * Relevant times in microsecond
+ * NOTE: T55x7/T5555 configuration register definitions moved to protocols.h 
+ *
+ * Relevant communication times in microsecond
  * To compensate antenna falling times shorten the write times
  * and enlarge the gap ones.
  * Q5 tags seems to have issues when these values changes. 
  */
 
-#define START_GAP 50*8 // was 250 // SPEC:  1*8 to 50*8 - typ 15*8 (or 15fc)
+#define START_GAP 31*8 // was 250 // SPEC:  1*8 to 50*8 - typ 15*8 (or 15fc)
 #define WRITE_GAP 20*8 // was 160 // SPEC:  1*8 to 20*8 - typ 10*8 (or 10fc)
-#define WRITE_0   16*8 // was 144 // SPEC: 16*8 to 32*8 - typ 24*8 (or 24fc)
+#define WRITE_0   18*8 // was 144 // SPEC: 16*8 to 32*8 - typ 24*8 (or 24fc)
 #define WRITE_1   50*8 // was 400 // SPEC: 48*8 to 64*8 - typ 56*8 (or 56fc)  432 for T55x7; 448 for E5550
+#define READ_GAP  15*8 
 
 //  VALUES TAKEN FROM EM4x function: SendForward
 //  START_GAP = 440;       (55*8) cycles at 125Khz (8us = 1cycle)
@@ -1154,21 +1110,61 @@ void CmdIOdemodFSK(int findone, int *high, int *low, int ledcontrol)
 // T0 = TIMER_CLOCK1 / 125000 = 192
 // 1 Cycle = 8 microseconds(us)  == 1 field clock
 
+void TurnReadLFOn(int delay) {
+	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_ADC | FPGA_LF_ADC_READER_FIELD);
+	// Give it a bit of time for the resonant antenna to settle.
+
+	// measure antenna strength.
+	//int adcval = ((MAX_ADC_LF_VOLTAGE * AvgAdc(ADC_CHAN_LF)) >> 10);
+	// where to save it
+	
+	SpinDelayUs(delay);
+}
+
 // Write one bit to card
 void T55xxWriteBit(int bit) {
-	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_ADC | FPGA_LF_ADC_READER_FIELD);
 	if (!bit)
-		SpinDelayUs(WRITE_0);
+		TurnReadLFOn(WRITE_0);
 	else
-		SpinDelayUs(WRITE_1);
+		TurnReadLFOn(WRITE_1);
 	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
 	SpinDelayUs(WRITE_GAP);
 }
 
+// Send T5577 reset command then read stream (see if we can identify the start of the stream)
+void T55xxResetRead(void) {
+	LED_A_ON();
+	//clear buffer now so it does not interfere with timing later
+	BigBuf_Clear_keep_EM();
+
+	// Set up FPGA, 125kHz
+	LFSetupFPGAForADC(95, true);
+
+	// Trigger T55x7 in mode.
+	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
+	SpinDelayUs(START_GAP);
+
+	// reset tag - op code 00
+	T55xxWriteBit(0);
+	T55xxWriteBit(0);
+
+	// Turn field on to read the response
+	TurnReadLFOn(READ_GAP);
+
+	// Acquisition
+	doT55x7Acquisition(BigBuf_max_traceLen());
+
+	// Turn the field off
+	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF); // field off
+	cmd_send(CMD_ACK,0,0,0,0,0);    
+	LED_A_OFF();
+}
+
 // Write one card block in page 0, no lock
-void T55xxWriteBlock(uint32_t Data, uint32_t Block, uint32_t Pwd, uint8_t PwdMode) {
+void T55xxWriteBlockExt(uint32_t Data, uint8_t Block, uint32_t Pwd, uint8_t arg) {
 	LED_A_ON();
-	
+	bool PwdMode = arg & 0x1;
+	uint8_t Page = (arg & 0x2)>>1;
 	uint32_t i = 0;
 
 	// Set up FPGA, 125kHz
@@ -1180,260 +1176,229 @@ void T55xxWriteBlock(uint32_t Data, uint32_t Block, uint32_t Pwd, uint8_t PwdMod
 
 	// Opcode 10
 	T55xxWriteBit(1);
-	T55xxWriteBit(0); //Page 0
-	
-	if (PwdMode == 1){
-		// Send pwd
+	T55xxWriteBit(Page); //Page 0
+	if (PwdMode){
+		// Send Pwd
 		for (i = 0x80000000; i != 0; i >>= 1)
 			T55xxWriteBit(Pwd & i);
 	}
-	// Send lock bit
+	// Send Lock bit
 	T55xxWriteBit(0);
 
-	// Send data
+	// Send Data
 	for (i = 0x80000000; i != 0; i >>= 1)
 		T55xxWriteBit(Data & i);
 
-	// Send block number
+	// Send Block number
 	for (i = 0x04; i != 0; i >>= 1)
 		T55xxWriteBit(Block & i);
 
 	// Perform write (nominal is 5.6 ms for T55x7 and 18ms for E5550,
 	// so wait a little more)
 	TurnReadLFOn(20 * 1000);
+		//could attempt to do a read to confirm write took
+		// as the tag should repeat back the new block 
+		// until it is reset, but to confirm it we would 
+		// need to know the current block 0 config mode
 	
-	// field off
+	// turn field off
 	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
-	cmd_send(CMD_ACK,0,0,0,0,0);
-	LED_A_OFF();	
+	LED_A_OFF();
 }
 
-void TurnReadLFOn(int delay) {
-	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_ADC | FPGA_LF_ADC_READER_FIELD);
-	// Give it a bit of time for the resonant antenna to settle.
-	SpinDelayUs(delay);
+// Write one card block in page 0, no lock
+void T55xxWriteBlock(uint32_t Data, uint8_t Block, uint32_t Pwd, uint8_t arg) {
+	T55xxWriteBlockExt(Data, Block, Pwd, arg);
+	cmd_send(CMD_ACK,0,0,0,0,0);
 }
 
-// Read one card block in page 0
-void T55xxReadBlock(uint32_t Block, uint32_t Pwd, uint8_t PwdMode) {
+// Read one card block in page [page]
+void T55xxReadBlock(uint16_t arg0, uint8_t Block, uint32_t Pwd) {
 	LED_A_ON();
-	
+	bool PwdMode = arg0 & 0x1;
+	uint8_t Page = (arg0 & 0x2) >> 1;
 	uint32_t i = 0;
+	bool RegReadMode = (Block == 0xFF);
 	
+	//clear buffer now so it does not interfere with timing later
+	BigBuf_Clear_ext(false);
+
 	//make sure block is at max 7
 	Block &= 0x7;
 
-	// Set up FPGA, 125kHz
+	// Set up FPGA, 125kHz to power up the tag
 	LFSetupFPGAForADC(95, true);
 	
-	// Trigger T55x7 in mode.
+	// Trigger T55x7 Direct Access Mode with start gap
 	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
 	SpinDelayUs(START_GAP);
 	
-	// Opcode 10
+	// Opcode 1[page]
 	T55xxWriteBit(1);
-	T55xxWriteBit(0); //Page 0
+	T55xxWriteBit(Page); //Page 0
 
-	if (PwdMode == 1){
-		// Send pwd
+	if (PwdMode){
+		// Send Pwd
 		for (i = 0x80000000; i != 0; i >>= 1)
 			T55xxWriteBit(Pwd & i);
 	}
-	// Send a zero bit seperation
+	// Send a zero bit separation
 	T55xxWriteBit(0);
 	
-	// Send block number
+	// Send Block number (if direct access mode)
+	if (!RegReadMode)
 	for (i = 0x04; i != 0; i >>= 1)
 		T55xxWriteBit(Block & i);
 
 	// Turn field on to read the response
-	TurnReadLFOn(START_GAP);
+	TurnReadLFOn(READ_GAP);
 	
 	// Acquisition
-	doT55x7Acquisition();
+	doT55x7Acquisition(12000);
 	
-	// field off
-	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
+	// Turn the field off
+	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF); // field off
 	cmd_send(CMD_ACK,0,0,0,0,0);    
 	LED_A_OFF();
 }
 
-// Read card traceability data (page 1)
-void T55xxReadTrace(void){
-	LED_A_ON();
-
+void T55xxWakeUp(uint32_t Pwd){
+	LED_B_ON();
+	uint32_t i = 0;
+	
 	// Set up FPGA, 125kHz
 	LFSetupFPGAForADC(95, true);
 	
-	// Trigger T55x7 in mode.
+	// Trigger T55x7 Direct Access Mode
 	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
 	SpinDelayUs(START_GAP);
-
-	// Opcode 11
+	
+	// Opcode 10
 	T55xxWriteBit(1);
-	T55xxWriteBit(1); //Page 1
-
-	// Turn field on to read the response
-	TurnReadLFOn(START_GAP);
+	T55xxWriteBit(0); //Page 0
 
-	// Acquisition
-	doT55x7Acquisition();
+	// Send Pwd
+	for (i = 0x80000000; i != 0; i >>= 1)
+		T55xxWriteBit(Pwd & i);
 
-	// field off
-	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
-	cmd_send(CMD_ACK,0,0,0,0,0);
-	LED_A_OFF();
+	// Turn and leave field on to let the begin repeating transmission
+	TurnReadLFOn(20*1000);
 }
 
 /*-------------- Cloning routines -----------*/
+void WriteT55xx(uint32_t *blockdata, uint8_t startblock, uint8_t numblocks) {
+	// write last block first and config block last (if included)
+	for (uint8_t i = numblocks+startblock; i > startblock; i--)
+		T55xxWriteBlockExt(blockdata[i-1], i-1, 0, 0);
+}
+
 // Copy HID id to card and setup block 0 config
-void CopyHIDtoT55x7(uint32_t hi2, uint32_t hi, uint32_t lo, uint8_t longFMT)
-{
-	int data1=0, data2=0, data3=0, data4=0, data5=0, data6=0; //up to six blocks for long format
-	int last_block = 0;
+void CopyHIDtoT55x7(uint32_t hi2, uint32_t hi, uint32_t lo, uint8_t longFMT) {
+	uint32_t data[] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
+	uint8_t last_block = 0;
 
 	if (longFMT){
 		// Ensure no more than 84 bits supplied
-		if (hi2>0xFFFFF) {
+		if (hi2 > 0xFFFFF) {
 			DbpString("Tags can only have 84 bits.");
 			return;
 		}
 		// Build the 6 data blocks for supplied 84bit ID
 		last_block = 6;
-		data1 = 0x1D96A900; // load preamble (1D) & long format identifier (9E manchester encoded)
-		for (int i=0;i<4;i++) {
-			if (hi2 & (1<<(19-i)))
-				data1 |= (1<<(((3-i)*2)+1)); // 1 -> 10
-			else
-				data1 |= (1<<((3-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
-		}
-
-		data2 = 0;
-		for (int i=0;i<16;i++) {
-			if (hi2 & (1<<(15-i)))
-				data2 |= (1<<(((15-i)*2)+1)); // 1 -> 10
-			else
-				data2 |= (1<<((15-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
-		}
-
-		data3 = 0;
-		for (int i=0;i<16;i++) {
-			if (hi & (1<<(31-i)))
-				data3 |= (1<<(((15-i)*2)+1)); // 1 -> 10
-			else
-				data3 |= (1<<((15-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
-		}
-
-		data4 = 0;
-		for (int i=0;i<16;i++) {
-			if (hi & (1<<(15-i)))
-				data4 |= (1<<(((15-i)*2)+1)); // 1 -> 10
-			else
-				data4 |= (1<<((15-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
-		}
-
-		data5 = 0;
-		for (int i=0;i<16;i++) {
-			if (lo & (1<<(31-i)))
-				data5 |= (1<<(((15-i)*2)+1)); // 1 -> 10
-			else
-				data5 |= (1<<((15-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
-		}
-
-		data6 = 0;
-		for (int i=0;i<16;i++) {
-			if (lo & (1<<(15-i)))
-				data6 |= (1<<(((15-i)*2)+1)); // 1 -> 10
-			else
-				data6 |= (1<<((15-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
-		}
-	}
-	else {
+		// load preamble (1D) & long format identifier (9E manchester encoded)
+		data[1] = 0x1D96A900 | (manchesterEncode2Bytes((hi2 >> 16) & 0xF) & 0xFF);
+		// load raw id from hi2, hi, lo to data blocks (manchester encoded)
+		data[2] = manchesterEncode2Bytes(hi2 & 0xFFFF);
+		data[3] = manchesterEncode2Bytes(hi >> 16);
+		data[4] = manchesterEncode2Bytes(hi & 0xFFFF);
+		data[5] = manchesterEncode2Bytes(lo >> 16);
+		data[6] = manchesterEncode2Bytes(lo & 0xFFFF);
+	}	else {
 		// Ensure no more than 44 bits supplied
-		if (hi>0xFFF) {
+		if (hi > 0xFFF) {
 			DbpString("Tags can only have 44 bits.");
 			return;
 		}
-
 		// Build the 3 data blocks for supplied 44bit ID
 		last_block = 3;
-
-		data1 = 0x1D000000; // load preamble
-
-		for (int i=0;i<12;i++) {
-			if (hi & (1<<(11-i)))
-				data1 |= (1<<(((11-i)*2)+1)); // 1 -> 10
-			else
-				data1 |= (1<<((11-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
-		}
-
-		data2 = 0;
-		for (int i=0;i<16;i++) {
-			if (lo & (1<<(31-i)))
-				data2 |= (1<<(((15-i)*2)+1)); // 1 -> 10
-			else
-				data2 |= (1<<((15-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
-		}
-
-		data3 = 0;
-		for (int i=0;i<16;i++) {
-			if (lo & (1<<(15-i)))
-				data3 |= (1<<(((15-i)*2)+1)); // 1 -> 10
-			else
-				data3 |= (1<<((15-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
-		}
+		// load preamble
+		data[1] = 0x1D000000 | (manchesterEncode2Bytes(hi) & 0xFFFFFF);
+		data[2] = manchesterEncode2Bytes(lo >> 16);
+		data[3] = manchesterEncode2Bytes(lo & 0xFFFF);
 	}
+	// load chip config block
+	data[0] = T55x7_BITRATE_RF_50 | T55x7_MODULATION_FSK2a | last_block << T55x7_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT;
+
+	//TODO add selection of chip for Q5 or T55x7
+	// data[0] = (((50-2)/2)<<T5555_BITRATE_SHIFT) | T5555_MODULATION_FSK2 | T5555_INVERT_OUTPUT | last_block << T5555_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT;
 
 	LED_D_ON();
 	// Program the data blocks for supplied ID
 	// and the block 0 for HID format
-	T55xxWriteBlock(data1,1,0,0);
-	T55xxWriteBlock(data2,2,0,0);
-	T55xxWriteBlock(data3,3,0,0);
-
-	if (longFMT) { // if long format there are 6 blocks
-		T55xxWriteBlock(data4,4,0,0);
-		T55xxWriteBlock(data5,5,0,0);
-		T55xxWriteBlock(data6,6,0,0);
-	}
-
-	// Config for HID (RF/50, FSK2a, Maxblock=3 for short/6 for long)
-	T55xxWriteBlock(T55x7_BITRATE_RF_50    |
-					T55x7_MODULATION_FSK2a |
-					last_block << T55x7_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT,
-					0,0,0);
+	WriteT55xx(data, 0, last_block+1);
 
 	LED_D_OFF();
 
 	DbpString("DONE!");
 }
 
-void CopyIOtoT55x7(uint32_t hi, uint32_t lo, uint8_t longFMT)
-{
-	int data1=0, data2=0; //up to six blocks for long format
-
-	data1 = hi;  // load preamble
-	data2 = lo;
+void CopyIOtoT55x7(uint32_t hi, uint32_t lo) {
+	uint32_t data[] = {T55x7_BITRATE_RF_64 | T55x7_MODULATION_FSK2a | (2 << T55x7_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT), hi, lo};
+	//TODO add selection of chip for Q5 or T55x7
+	//t5555 (Q5) BITRATE = (RF-2)/2 (iceman)
+	// data[0] = (64 << T5555_BITRATE_SHIFT) | T5555_MODULATION_FSK2 | T5555_INVERT_OUTPUT | 2 << T5555_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT;
 
 	LED_D_ON();
 	// Program the data blocks for supplied ID
-	// and the block 0 for HID format
-	T55xxWriteBlock(data1,1,0,0);
-	T55xxWriteBlock(data2,2,0,0);
-
-	//Config Block
-	T55xxWriteBlock(0x00147040,0,0,0);
+	// and the block 0 config
+	WriteT55xx(data, 0, 3);
 	LED_D_OFF();
+	DbpString("DONE!");
+}
 
+// Clone Indala 64-bit tag by UID to T55x7
+void CopyIndala64toT55x7(uint32_t hi, uint32_t lo) {
+	//Program the 2 data blocks for supplied 64bit UID
+	// and the Config for Indala 64 format (RF/32;PSK1 with RF/2;Maxblock=2)
+	uint32_t data[] = { T55x7_BITRATE_RF_32 | T55x7_MODULATION_PSK1 | (2 << T55x7_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT), hi, lo};
+	//TODO add selection of chip for Q5 or T55x7
+	// data[0] = (((32-2)/2)<<T5555_BITRATE_SHIFT) | T5555_MODULATION_PSK1 | 2 << T5555_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT;
+
+	WriteT55xx(data, 0, 3);
+	//Alternative config for Indala (Extended mode;RF/32;PSK1 with RF/2;Maxblock=2;Inverse data)
+	//	T5567WriteBlock(0x603E1042,0);
 	DbpString("DONE!");
 }
+// Clone Indala 224-bit tag by UID to T55x7
+void CopyIndala224toT55x7(uint32_t uid1, uint32_t uid2, uint32_t uid3, uint32_t uid4, uint32_t uid5, uint32_t uid6, uint32_t uid7) {
+	//Program the 7 data blocks for supplied 224bit UID
+	uint32_t data[] = {0, uid1, uid2, uid3, uid4, uid5, uid6, uid7};
+	// and the block 0 for Indala224 format	
+	//Config for Indala (RF/32;PSK1 with RF/2;Maxblock=7)
+	data[0] = T55x7_BITRATE_RF_32 | T55x7_MODULATION_PSK1 | (7 << T55x7_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT);
+	//TODO add selection of chip for Q5 or T55x7
+	// data[0] = (((32-2)/2)<<T5555_BITRATE_SHIFT) | T5555_MODULATION_PSK1 | 7 << T5555_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT;
+	WriteT55xx(data, 0, 8);
+	//Alternative config for Indala (Extended mode;RF/32;PSK1 with RF/2;Maxblock=7;Inverse data)
+	//	T5567WriteBlock(0x603E10E2,0);
+	DbpString("DONE!");
+}
+// clone viking tag to T55xx
+void CopyVikingtoT55xx(uint32_t block1, uint32_t block2, uint8_t Q5) {
+	uint32_t data[] = {T55x7_BITRATE_RF_32 | T55x7_MODULATION_MANCHESTER | (2 << T55x7_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT), block1, block2};
+	//t5555 (Q5) BITRATE = (RF-2)/2 (iceman)
+	if (Q5) data[0] = (32 << T5555_BITRATE_SHIFT) | T5555_MODULATION_MANCHESTER | 2 << T5555_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT;
+	// Program the data blocks for supplied ID and the block 0 config
+	WriteT55xx(data, 0, 3);
+	LED_D_OFF();
+	cmd_send(CMD_ACK,0,0,0,0,0);
+}
 
 // Define 9bit header for EM410x tags
 #define EM410X_HEADER		0x1FF
 #define EM410X_ID_LENGTH	40
 
-void WriteEM410x(uint32_t card, uint32_t id_hi, uint32_t id_lo)
-{
+void WriteEM410x(uint32_t card, uint32_t id_hi, uint32_t id_lo) {
 	int i, id_bit;
 	uint64_t id = EM410X_HEADER;
 	uint64_t rev_id = 0;	// reversed ID
@@ -1493,89 +1458,30 @@ void WriteEM410x(uint32_t card, uint32_t id_hi, uint32_t id_lo)
 	LED_D_ON();
 
 	// Write EM410x ID
-	T55xxWriteBlock((uint32_t)(id >> 32), 1, 0, 0);
-	T55xxWriteBlock((uint32_t)id, 2, 0, 0);
-
-	// Config for EM410x (RF/64, Manchester, Maxblock=2)
-	if (card) {
-		// Clock rate is stored in bits 8-15 of the card value
-		clock = (card & 0xFF00) >> 8;
-		Dbprintf("Clock rate: %d", clock);
-		switch (clock)
-		{
-		case 32:
-			clock = T55x7_BITRATE_RF_32;
-			break;
-		case 16:
-			clock = T55x7_BITRATE_RF_16;
-			break;
-		case 0:
-			// A value of 0 is assumed to be 64 for backwards-compatibility
-			// Fall through...
-		case 64:
-			clock = T55x7_BITRATE_RF_64;
-			break;
-		default:
+	uint32_t data[] = {0, (uint32_t)(id>>32), (uint32_t)(id & 0xFFFFFFFF)};
+
+	clock = (card & 0xFF00) >> 8;
+	clock = (clock == 0) ? 64 : clock;
+	Dbprintf("Clock rate: %d", clock);
+	if (card & 0xFF) { //t55x7
+		clock = GetT55xxClockBit(clock);
+		if (clock == 0) {
 			Dbprintf("Invalid clock rate: %d", clock);
 			return;
 		}
-
-		// Writing configuration for T55x7 tag
-		T55xxWriteBlock(clock	    |
-						T55x7_MODULATION_MANCHESTER |
-						2 << T55x7_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT,
-						0, 0, 0);
+		data[0] = clock | T55x7_MODULATION_MANCHESTER | (2 << T55x7_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT);
+	} else { //t5555 (Q5)
+		clock = (clock-2)>>1;  //n = (RF-2)/2
+		data[0] = (clock << T5555_BITRATE_SHIFT) | T5555_MODULATION_MANCHESTER | (2 << T5555_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT);
 	}
-	else
-		// Writing configuration for T5555(Q5) tag
-		T55xxWriteBlock(0x1F << T5555_BITRATE_SHIFT |
-						T5555_MODULATION_MANCHESTER |
-						2 << T5555_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT,
-						0, 0, 0);
+ 
+	WriteT55xx(data, 0, 3);
 
 	LED_D_OFF();
-	Dbprintf("Tag %s written with 0x%08x%08x\n", card ? "T55x7":"T5555",
-			 (uint32_t)(id >> 32), (uint32_t)id);
-}
-
-// Clone Indala 64-bit tag by UID to T55x7
-void CopyIndala64toT55x7(int hi, int lo)
-{
-	//Program the 2 data blocks for supplied 64bit UID
-	// and the block 0 for Indala64 format
-	T55xxWriteBlock(hi,1,0,0);
-	T55xxWriteBlock(lo,2,0,0);
-	//Config for Indala (RF/32;PSK1 with RF/2;Maxblock=2)
-	T55xxWriteBlock(T55x7_BITRATE_RF_32    |
-					T55x7_MODULATION_PSK1 |
-					2 << T55x7_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT,
-					0, 0, 0);
-	//Alternative config for Indala (Extended mode;RF/32;PSK1 with RF/2;Maxblock=2;Inverse data)
-	//	T5567WriteBlock(0x603E1042,0);
-
-	DbpString("DONE!");
-}
-
-void CopyIndala224toT55x7(int uid1, int uid2, int uid3, int uid4, int uid5, int uid6, int uid7)
-{
-	//Program the 7 data blocks for supplied 224bit UID
-	// and the block 0 for Indala224 format
-	T55xxWriteBlock(uid1,1,0,0);
-	T55xxWriteBlock(uid2,2,0,0);
-	T55xxWriteBlock(uid3,3,0,0);
-	T55xxWriteBlock(uid4,4,0,0);
-	T55xxWriteBlock(uid5,5,0,0);
-	T55xxWriteBlock(uid6,6,0,0);
-	T55xxWriteBlock(uid7,7,0,0);
-	//Config for Indala (RF/32;PSK1 with RF/2;Maxblock=7)
-	T55xxWriteBlock(T55x7_BITRATE_RF_32    |
-					T55x7_MODULATION_PSK1 |
-					7 << T55x7_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT,
-					0,0,0);
-	//Alternative config for Indala (Extended mode;RF/32;PSK1 with RF/2;Maxblock=7;Inverse data)
-	//	T5567WriteBlock(0x603E10E2,0);
-
-	DbpString("DONE!");
+	Dbprintf("Tag %s written with 0x%08x%08x\n",
+			card ? "T55x7":"T5555",
+			(uint32_t)(id >> 32),
+			(uint32_t)id);
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------
@@ -1595,6 +1501,15 @@ uint8_t * fwd_write_ptr; //forwardlink bit pointer
 // prepares command bits
 // see EM4469 spec
 //====================================================================
+//--------------------------------------------------------------------
+//  VALUES TAKEN FROM EM4x function: SendForward
+//  START_GAP = 440;       (55*8) cycles at 125Khz (8us = 1cycle)
+//  WRITE_GAP = 128;       (16*8)
+//  WRITE_1   = 256 32*8;  (32*8) 
+
+//  These timings work for 4469/4269/4305 (with the 55*8 above)
+//  WRITE_0 = 23*8 , 9*8  SpinDelayUs(23*8); 
+
 uint8_t Prepare_Cmd( uint8_t cmd ) {
 
 	*forward_ptr++ = 0; //start bit
@@ -1721,15 +1636,14 @@ void EM4xLogin(uint32_t Password) {
 
 void EM4xReadWord(uint8_t Address, uint32_t Pwd, uint8_t PwdMode) {
 
+	uint8_t fwd_bit_count;
 	uint8_t *dest = BigBuf_get_addr();
-	uint16_t bufferlength = BigBuf_max_traceLen();
+	uint16_t bufsize = BigBuf_max_traceLen();
 	uint32_t i = 0;
 
-	// Clear destination buffer before sending the command  0x80 = average.
-	memset(dest, 0x80, bufferlength);
+	// Clear destination buffer before sending the command
+	BigBuf_Clear_ext(false);
 	
-    uint8_t fwd_bit_count;
-
 	//If password mode do login
 	if (PwdMode == 1) EM4xLogin(Pwd);
 
@@ -1753,7 +1667,7 @@ void EM4xReadWord(uint8_t Address, uint32_t Pwd, uint8_t PwdMode) {
 		if (AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY) {
 			dest[i] = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
 			++i;
-			if (i >= bufferlength) break;
+			if (i >= bufsize) break;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1781,16 +1695,3 @@ void EM4xWriteWord(uint32_t Data, uint8_t Address, uint32_t Pwd, uint8_t PwdMode
 	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF); // field off
 	LED_D_OFF();
 }
-
-void CopyViKingtoT55x7(uint32_t block1, uint32_t block2) {
-    LED_D_ON();
-    T55xxWriteBlock(block1,1,0,0);
-    T55xxWriteBlock(block2,2,0,0);
-    T55xxWriteBlock(T55x7_MODULATION_MANCHESTER | T55x7_BITRATE_RF_32 | 2 << T5555_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT,0,0,1);
-	// ICEMAN NOTES:
-	// Shouldn't this one be: T55x7_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT  and 0 in password mode
-	// like this:
-	// T55xxWriteBlock(T55x7_MODULATION_MANCHESTER | T55x7_BITRATE_RF_32 | 2 << T55x7_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT,0,0,0);
-    LED_D_OFF();
-}
-