X-Git-Url: https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/proxmark3-svn/blobdiff_plain/76ef5273d84d043288e22c91d941558e75fcb793..2deb4b6b46ac7210984f5b3a6fc4c45b33ee8aea:/client/cmdhfmf.c?ds=inline diff --git a/client/cmdhfmf.c b/client/cmdhfmf.c index 9f337a5b..7a6aaa3b 100644 --- a/client/cmdhfmf.c +++ b/client/cmdhfmf.c @@ -8,87 +8,46 @@ // High frequency MIFARE commands //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -#include "cmdhfmf.h" -#include "./nonce2key/nonce2key.h" +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include "proxmark3.h" +#include "cmdmain.h" +#include "util.h" +#include "ui.h" +#include "mifarehost.h" +#include "mifare.h" +#include "mfkey.h" + +#define NESTED_SECTOR_RETRY 10 // how often we try mfested() until we give up + static int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd); + int CmdHF14AMifare(const char *Cmd) { - uint32_t uid = 0; - uint32_t nt = 0, nr = 0; - uint64_t par_list = 0, ks_list = 0, r_key = 0; - int16_t isOK = 0; - - UsbCommand c = {CMD_READER_MIFARE, {true, 0, 0}}; - - // message - printf("-------------------------------------------------------------------------\n"); - printf("Executing command. Expected execution time: 25sec on average :-)\n"); - printf("Press button on the proxmark3 device to abort both proxmark3 and client.\n"); - printf("-------------------------------------------------------------------------\n"); - - - start: - clearCommandBuffer(); - SendCommand(&c); - - //flush queue - while (ukbhit()) getchar(); - - // wait cycle - while (true) { - printf("."); - fflush(stdout); - if (ukbhit()) { - getchar(); - printf("\naborted via keyboard!\n"); - break; - } - - UsbCommand resp; - if (WaitForResponseTimeout(CMD_ACK, &resp, 1000)) { - isOK = resp.arg[0]; - uid = (uint32_t)bytes_to_num(resp.d.asBytes + 0, 4); - nt = (uint32_t)bytes_to_num(resp.d.asBytes + 4, 4); - par_list = bytes_to_num(resp.d.asBytes + 8, 8); - ks_list = bytes_to_num(resp.d.asBytes + 16, 8); - nr = bytes_to_num(resp.d.asBytes + 24, 4); - printf("\n\n"); - switch (isOK) { - case -1 : PrintAndLog("Button pressed. Aborted.\n"); break; - case -2 : PrintAndLog("Card is not vulnerable to Darkside attack (doesn't send NACK on authentication requests).\n"); break; - case -3 : PrintAndLog("Card is not vulnerable to Darkside attack (its random number generator is not predictable).\n"); break; - case -4 : PrintAndLog("Card is not vulnerable to Darkside attack (its random number generator seems to be based on the wellknown"); - PrintAndLog("generating polynomial with 16 effective bits only, but shows unexpected behaviour.\n"); break; - default: ; - } - break; - } - } + int isOK = 0; + uint64_t key = 0; - printf("\n"); - - // error - if (isOK != 1) return 1; - - // execute original function from util nonce2key - if (nonce2key(uid, nt, nr, par_list, ks_list, &r_key)) { - isOK = 2; - PrintAndLog("Key not found (lfsr_common_prefix list is null). Nt=%08x", nt); - PrintAndLog("Failing is expected to happen in 25%% of all cases. Trying again with a different reader nonce..."); - c.arg[0] = false; - goto start; - } else { - isOK = 0; - printf("------------------------------------------------------------------\n"); - PrintAndLog("Found valid key:%012"llx" \n", r_key); + isOK = mfDarkside(&key); + switch (isOK) { + case -1 : PrintAndLog("Button pressed. Aborted."); return 1; + case -2 : PrintAndLog("Card is not vulnerable to Darkside attack (doesn't send NACK on authentication requests)."); return 1; + case -3 : PrintAndLog("Card is not vulnerable to Darkside attack (its random number generator is not predictable)."); return 1; + case -4 : PrintAndLog("Card is not vulnerable to Darkside attack (its random number generator seems to be based on the wellknown"); + PrintAndLog("generating polynomial with 16 effective bits only, but shows unexpected behaviour."); return 1; + case -5 : PrintAndLog("Aborted via keyboard."); return 1; + default : PrintAndLog("Found valid key:%012" PRIx64 "\n", key); } PrintAndLog(""); return 0; } + int CmdHF14AMfWrBl(const char *Cmd) { uint8_t blockNo = 0; @@ -302,7 +261,8 @@ int CmdHF14AMfDump(const char *Cmd) // Read keys A from file for (sectorNo=0; sectorNo>2) | ((data[8] & 0x1)<<1) | ((data[8] & 0x10)>>4); // C1C2C3 for data area 0 - rights[sectorNo][1] = ((data[7] & 0x20)>>3) | ((data[8] & 0x2)<<0) | ((data[8] & 0x20)>>5); // C1C2C3 for data area 1 - rights[sectorNo][2] = ((data[7] & 0x40)>>4) | ((data[8] & 0x4)>>1) | ((data[8] & 0x40)>>6); // C1C2C3 for data area 2 - rights[sectorNo][3] = ((data[7] & 0x80)>>5) | ((data[8] & 0x8)>>2) | ((data[8] & 0x80)>>7); // C1C2C3 for sector trailer + if (WaitForResponseTimeout(CMD_ACK,&resp,1500)) { + uint8_t isOK = resp.arg[0] & 0xff; + uint8_t *data = resp.d.asBytes; + if (isOK){ + rights[sectorNo][0] = ((data[7] & 0x10)>>2) | ((data[8] & 0x1)<<1) | ((data[8] & 0x10)>>4); // C1C2C3 for data area 0 + rights[sectorNo][1] = ((data[7] & 0x20)>>3) | ((data[8] & 0x2)<<0) | ((data[8] & 0x20)>>5); // C1C2C3 for data area 1 + rights[sectorNo][2] = ((data[7] & 0x40)>>4) | ((data[8] & 0x4)>>1) | ((data[8] & 0x40)>>6); // C1C2C3 for data area 2 + rights[sectorNo][3] = ((data[7] & 0x80)>>5) | ((data[8] & 0x8)>>2) | ((data[8] & 0x80)>>7); // C1C2C3 for sector trailer + break; + } else if (tries == 2) { // on last try set defaults + PrintAndLog("Could not get access rights for sector %2d. Trying with defaults...", sectorNo); + rights[sectorNo][0] = rights[sectorNo][1] = rights[sectorNo][2] = 0x00; + rights[sectorNo][3] = 0x01; + } } else { - PrintAndLog("Could not get access rights for sector %2d. Trying with defaults...", sectorNo); + PrintAndLog("Command execute timeout when trying to read access rights for sector %2d. Trying with defaults...", sectorNo); rights[sectorNo][0] = rights[sectorNo][1] = rights[sectorNo][2] = 0x00; rights[sectorNo][3] = 0x01; } - } else { - PrintAndLog("Command execute timeout when trying to read access rights for sector %2d. Trying with defaults...", sectorNo); - rights[sectorNo][0] = rights[sectorNo][1] = rights[sectorNo][2] = 0x00; - rights[sectorNo][3] = 0x01; } } @@ -357,27 +321,33 @@ int CmdHF14AMfDump(const char *Cmd) for (sectorNo = 0; isOK && sectorNo < numSectors; sectorNo++) { for (blockNo = 0; isOK && blockNo < NumBlocksPerSector(sectorNo); blockNo++) { bool received = false; - - if (blockNo == NumBlocksPerSector(sectorNo) - 1) { // sector trailer. At least the Access Conditions can always be read with key A. - UsbCommand c = {CMD_MIFARE_READBL, {FirstBlockOfSector(sectorNo) + blockNo, 0, 0}}; - memcpy(c.d.asBytes, keyA[sectorNo], 6); - SendCommand(&c); - received = WaitForResponseTimeout(CMD_ACK,&resp,1500); - } else { // data block. Check if it can be read with key A or key B - uint8_t data_area = sectorNo<32?blockNo:blockNo/5; - if ((rights[sectorNo][data_area] == 0x03) || (rights[sectorNo][data_area] == 0x05)) { // only key B would work - UsbCommand c = {CMD_MIFARE_READBL, {FirstBlockOfSector(sectorNo) + blockNo, 1, 0}}; - memcpy(c.d.asBytes, keyB[sectorNo], 6); - SendCommand(&c); - received = WaitForResponseTimeout(CMD_ACK,&resp,1500); - } else if (rights[sectorNo][data_area] == 0x07) { // no key would work - isOK = false; - PrintAndLog("Access rights do not allow reading of sector %2d block %3d", sectorNo, blockNo); - } else { // key A would work + for (tries = 0; tries < 3; tries++) { + if (blockNo == NumBlocksPerSector(sectorNo) - 1) { // sector trailer. At least the Access Conditions can always be read with key A. UsbCommand c = {CMD_MIFARE_READBL, {FirstBlockOfSector(sectorNo) + blockNo, 0, 0}}; memcpy(c.d.asBytes, keyA[sectorNo], 6); SendCommand(&c); received = WaitForResponseTimeout(CMD_ACK,&resp,1500); + } else { // data block. Check if it can be read with key A or key B + uint8_t data_area = sectorNo<32?blockNo:blockNo/5; + if ((rights[sectorNo][data_area] == 0x03) || (rights[sectorNo][data_area] == 0x05)) { // only key B would work + UsbCommand c = {CMD_MIFARE_READBL, {FirstBlockOfSector(sectorNo) + blockNo, 1, 0}}; + memcpy(c.d.asBytes, keyB[sectorNo], 6); + SendCommand(&c); + received = WaitForResponseTimeout(CMD_ACK,&resp,1500); + } else if (rights[sectorNo][data_area] == 0x07) { // no key would work + isOK = false; + PrintAndLog("Access rights do not allow reading of sector %2d block %3d", sectorNo, blockNo); + tries = 2; + } else { // key A would work + UsbCommand c = {CMD_MIFARE_READBL, {FirstBlockOfSector(sectorNo) + blockNo, 0, 0}}; + memcpy(c.d.asBytes, keyA[sectorNo], 6); + SendCommand(&c); + received = WaitForResponseTimeout(CMD_ACK,&resp,1500); + } + } + if (received) { + isOK = resp.arg[0] & 0xff; + if (isOK) break; } } @@ -466,16 +436,17 @@ int CmdHF14AMfRestore(const char *Cmd) } for (sectorNo = 0; sectorNo < numSectors; sectorNo++) { - if (fread(keyA[sectorNo], 1, 6, fkeys) == 0) { + size_t bytes_read = fread(keyA[sectorNo], 1, 6, fkeys); + if (bytes_read != 6) { PrintAndLog("File reading error (dumpkeys.bin)."); - fclose(fkeys); return 2; } } for (sectorNo = 0; sectorNo < numSectors; sectorNo++) { - if (fread(keyB[sectorNo], 1, 6, fkeys) == 0) { + size_t bytes_read = fread(keyB[sectorNo], 1, 6, fkeys); + if (bytes_read != 6) { PrintAndLog("File reading error (dumpkeys.bin)."); fclose(fkeys); return 2; @@ -495,7 +466,8 @@ int CmdHF14AMfRestore(const char *Cmd) UsbCommand c = {CMD_MIFARE_WRITEBL, {FirstBlockOfSector(sectorNo) + blockNo, keyType, 0}}; memcpy(c.d.asBytes, key, 6); - if (fread(bldata, 1, 16, fdump) == 0) { + size_t bytes_read = fread(bldata, 1, 16, fdump); + if (bytes_read != 16) { PrintAndLog("File reading error (dumpdata.bin)."); fclose(fdump); return 2; @@ -535,10 +507,17 @@ int CmdHF14AMfRestore(const char *Cmd) return 0; } + +typedef struct { + uint64_t Key[2]; + int foundKey[2]; +} sector_t; + + int CmdHF14AMfNested(const char *Cmd) { int i, j, res, iterations; - sector *e_sector = NULL; + sector_t *e_sector = NULL; uint8_t blockNo = 0; uint8_t keyType = 0; uint8_t trgBlockNo = 0; @@ -632,7 +611,7 @@ int CmdHF14AMfNested(const char *Cmd) } key64 = bytes_to_num(keyBlock, 6); if (key64) { - PrintAndLog("Found valid key:%012"llx, key64); + PrintAndLog("Found valid key:%012" PRIx64, key64); // transfer key to the emulator if (transferToEml) { @@ -655,10 +634,10 @@ int CmdHF14AMfNested(const char *Cmd) } } else { // ------------------------------------ multiple sectors working - clock_t time1; - time1 = clock(); + uint64_t msclock1; + msclock1 = msclock(); - e_sector = calloc(SectorsCnt, sizeof(sector)); + e_sector = calloc(SectorsCnt, sizeof(sector_t)); if (e_sector == NULL) return 1; //test current key and additional standard keys first @@ -718,7 +697,7 @@ int CmdHF14AMfNested(const char *Cmd) key64 = bytes_to_num(keyBlock, 6); if (key64) { - PrintAndLog("Found valid key:%012"llx, key64); + PrintAndLog("Found valid key:%012" PRIx64, key64); e_sector[sectorNo].foundKey[trgKeyType] = 1; e_sector[sectorNo].Key[trgKeyType] = key64; } @@ -726,7 +705,7 @@ int CmdHF14AMfNested(const char *Cmd) } } - printf("Time in nested: %1.3f (%1.3f sec per key)\n\n", ((float)clock() - time1)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC, ((float)clock() - time1)/iterations/CLOCKS_PER_SEC); + printf("Time in nested: %1.3f (%1.3f sec per key)\n\n", ((float)(msclock() - msclock1))/1000.0, ((float)(msclock() - msclock1))/iterations/1000.0); PrintAndLog("-----------------------------------------------\nIterations count: %d\n\n", iterations); //print them @@ -734,7 +713,7 @@ int CmdHF14AMfNested(const char *Cmd) PrintAndLog("|sec|key A |res|key B |res|"); PrintAndLog("|---|----------------|---|----------------|---|"); for (i = 0; i < SectorsCnt; i++) { - PrintAndLog("|%03d| %012"llx" | %d | %012"llx" | %d |", i, + PrintAndLog("|%03d| %012" PRIx64 " | %d | %012" PRIx64 " | %d |", i, e_sector[i].Key[0], e_sector[i].foundKey[0], e_sector[i].Key[1], e_sector[i].foundKey[1]); } PrintAndLog("|---|----------------|---|----------------|---|"); @@ -919,13 +898,14 @@ int CmdHF14AMfChk(const char *Cmd) if (!p) { PrintAndLog("Cannot allocate memory for defKeys"); free(keyBlock); + fclose(f); return 2; } keyBlock = p; } memset(keyBlock + 6 * keycnt, 0, 6); num_to_bytes(strtoll(buf, NULL, 16), 6, keyBlock + 6*keycnt); - PrintAndLog("chk custom key[%2d] %012"llx, keycnt, bytes_to_num(keyBlock + 6*keycnt, 6)); + PrintAndLog("chk custom key[%2d] %012" PRIx64 , keycnt, bytes_to_num(keyBlock + 6*keycnt, 6)); keycnt++; memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); } @@ -969,7 +949,7 @@ int CmdHF14AMfChk(const char *Cmd) res = mfCheckKeys(b, t, true, size, &keyBlock[6*c], &key64); if (res != 1) { if (!res) { - PrintAndLog("Found valid key:[%012"llx"]",key64); + PrintAndLog("Found valid key:[%012" PRIx64 "]",key64); num_to_bytes(key64, 6, foundKey[t][i]); validKey[t][i] = true; } @@ -1016,7 +996,7 @@ int CmdHF14AMfChk(const char *Cmd) return 0; } -void readerAttack(nonces_t ar_resp[], bool setEmulatorMem) { +void readerAttack(nonces_t ar_resp[], bool setEmulatorMem, bool doStandardAttack) { #define ATTACK_KEY_COUNT 8 // keep same as define in iso14443a.c -> Mifare1ksim() uint64_t key = 0; typedef struct { @@ -1034,7 +1014,7 @@ void readerAttack(nonces_t ar_resp[], bool setEmulatorMem) { for (uint8_t i = 0; i 0) { //PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Trying sector %d, cuid %08x, nt %08x, ar %08x, nr %08x, ar2 %08x, nr2 %08x",ar_resp[i].sector, ar_resp[i].cuid,ar_resp[i].nonce,ar_resp[i].ar,ar_resp[i].nr,ar_resp[i].ar2,ar_resp[i].nr2); - if (mfkey32(ar_resp[i], &key)) { + if (doStandardAttack && mfkey32(ar_resp[i], &key)) { PrintAndLog(" Found Key%s for sector %02d: [%04x%08x]", (ar_resp[i].keytype) ? "B" : "A", ar_resp[i].sector, (uint32_t) (key>>32), (uint32_t) (key &0xFFFFFFFF)); for (uint8_t ii = 0; ii 0) { if (tryMfk32_moebius(ar_resp[i], &key)) { PrintAndLog("M-Found Key%s for sector %02d: [%04x%08x]", (ar_resp[i].keytype) ? "B" : "A", ar_resp[i].sector, (uint32_t) (key>>32), (uint32_t) (key &0xFFFFFFFF)); } } - } + }*/ } int usage_hf14_mf1ksim(void) { @@ -1099,6 +1108,7 @@ int usage_hf14_mf1ksim(void) { PrintAndLog(" x (Optional) Crack, performs the 'reader attack', nr/ar attack against a legitimate reader, fishes out the key(s)"); PrintAndLog(" e (Optional) set keys found from 'reader attack' to emulator memory (implies x and i)"); PrintAndLog(" f (Optional) get UIDs to use for 'reader attack' from file 'f ' (implies x and i)"); + PrintAndLog(" r (Optional) Generate random nonces instead of sequential nonces. Standard reader attack won't work with this option, only moebius attack works."); PrintAndLog("samples:"); PrintAndLog(" hf mf sim u 0a0a0a0a"); PrintAndLog(" hf mf sim u 11223344556677"); @@ -1123,7 +1133,6 @@ int CmdHF14AMf1kSim(const char *Cmd) { memset(filename, 0x00, sizeof(filename)); int len = 0; char buf[64]; - uint8_t uidBuffer[64]; uint8_t cmdp = 0; bool errors = false; @@ -1164,6 +1173,11 @@ int CmdHF14AMf1kSim(const char *Cmd) { exitAfterNReads = param_get8(Cmd, pnr+1); cmdp += 2; break; + case 'r': + case 'R': + flags |= FLAG_RANDOM_NONCE; + cmdp++; + break; case 'u': case 'U': param_gethex_ex(Cmd, cmdp+1, uid, &uidlen); @@ -1202,7 +1216,7 @@ int CmdHF14AMf1kSim(const char *Cmd) { PrintAndLog("Loading file and simulating. Press keyboard to abort"); while(!feof(f) && !ukbhit()){ memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); - memset(uidBuffer, 0, sizeof(uidBuffer)); + memset(uid, 0, sizeof(uid)); if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), f) == NULL) { if (count > 0) break; @@ -1211,21 +1225,21 @@ int CmdHF14AMf1kSim(const char *Cmd) { fclose(f); return 2; } - if(strlen(buf) && feof(f)) break; + if(!strlen(buf) && feof(f)) break; - uidlen = strlen(buf); + uidlen = strlen(buf)-1; switch(uidlen) { - case 20: flags = FLAG_10B_UID_IN_DATA; break; //not complete - case 14: flags = FLAG_7B_UID_IN_DATA; break; - case 8: flags = FLAG_4B_UID_IN_DATA; break; + case 20: flags |= FLAG_10B_UID_IN_DATA; break; //not complete + case 14: flags |= FLAG_7B_UID_IN_DATA; break; + case 8: flags |= FLAG_4B_UID_IN_DATA; break; default: - PrintAndLog("uid in file wrong length at %d",count); + PrintAndLog("uid in file wrong length at %d (length: %d) [%s]",count, uidlen, buf); fclose(f); return 2; } for (uint8_t i = 0; i < uidlen; i += 2) { - sscanf(&buf[i], "%02x", (unsigned int *)&uidBuffer[i / 2]); + sscanf(&buf[i], "%02x", (unsigned int *)&uid[i / 2]); } PrintAndLog("mf 1k sim uid: %s, numreads:%d, flags:%d (0x%02x) - press button to abort", @@ -1246,7 +1260,8 @@ int CmdHF14AMf1kSim(const char *Cmd) { //got a response nonces_t ar_resp[ATTACK_KEY_COUNT*2]; memcpy(ar_resp, resp.d.asBytes, sizeof(ar_resp)); - readerAttack(ar_resp, setEmulatorMem); + // We can skip the standard attack if we have RANDOM_NONCE set. + readerAttack(ar_resp, setEmulatorMem, !(flags & FLAG_RANDOM_NONCE)); if ((bool)resp.arg[1]) { PrintAndLog("Device button pressed - quitting"); fclose(f); @@ -1278,7 +1293,8 @@ int CmdHF14AMf1kSim(const char *Cmd) { if (flags & FLAG_NR_AR_ATTACK) { nonces_t ar_resp[ATTACK_KEY_COUNT*2]; memcpy(ar_resp, resp.d.asBytes, sizeof(ar_resp)); - readerAttack(ar_resp, setEmulatorMem); + // We can skip the standard attack if we have RANDOM_NONCE set. + readerAttack(ar_resp, setEmulatorMem, !(flags & FLAG_RANDOM_NONCE)); } } } @@ -1411,7 +1427,7 @@ int CmdHF14AMfELoad(const char *Cmd) len = param_getstr(Cmd,nameParamNo,filename); - if (len > FILE_PATH_SIZE - 4) len = FILE_PATH_SIZE - 4; + if (len > FILE_PATH_SIZE - 5) len = FILE_PATH_SIZE - 5; fnameptr += len; @@ -1510,7 +1526,7 @@ int CmdHF14AMfESave(const char *Cmd) len = param_getstr(Cmd,nameParamNo,filename); - if (len > FILE_PATH_SIZE - 4) len = FILE_PATH_SIZE - 4; + if (len > FILE_PATH_SIZE - 5) len = FILE_PATH_SIZE - 5; // user supplied filename? if (len < 1) { @@ -1634,7 +1650,7 @@ int CmdHF14AMfEKeyPrn(const char *Cmd) } keyA = bytes_to_num(data, 6); keyB = bytes_to_num(data + 10, 6); - PrintAndLog("|%03d| %012"llx" | %012"llx" |", i, keyA, keyB); + PrintAndLog("|%03d| %012" PRIx64 " | %012" PRIx64 " |", i, keyA, keyB); } PrintAndLog("|---|----------------|----------------|"); @@ -1715,7 +1731,7 @@ int CmdHF14AMfCSetBlk(const char *Cmd) { uint8_t memBlock[16] = {0x00}; uint8_t blockNo = 0; - bool wipeCard = FALSE; + bool wipeCard = false; int res; if (strlen(Cmd) < 1 || param_getchar(Cmd, 0) == 'h') { @@ -1786,7 +1802,7 @@ int CmdHF14AMfCLoad(const char *Cmd) return 0; } else { len = strlen(Cmd); - if (len > FILE_PATH_SIZE - 4) len = FILE_PATH_SIZE - 4; + if (len > FILE_PATH_SIZE - 5) len = FILE_PATH_SIZE - 5; memcpy(filename, Cmd, len); fnameptr += len; @@ -1827,6 +1843,7 @@ int CmdHF14AMfCLoad(const char *Cmd) if (mfCSetBlock(blockNum, buf8, NULL, 0, flags)) { PrintAndLog("Can't set magic card block: %d", blockNum); + fclose(f); return 3; } blockNum++; @@ -1955,7 +1972,7 @@ int CmdHF14AMfCSave(const char *Cmd) { return 0; } else { len = strlen(Cmd); - if (len > FILE_PATH_SIZE - 4) len = FILE_PATH_SIZE - 4; + if (len > FILE_PATH_SIZE - 5) len = FILE_PATH_SIZE - 5; if (len < 1) { // get filename @@ -2075,11 +2092,14 @@ int CmdHF14AMfSniff(const char *Cmd){ uint16_t traceLen = resp.arg[1]; len = resp.arg[2]; - if (res == 0) return 0; // we are done + if (res == 0) { // we are done + free(buf); + return 0; + } if (res == 1) { // there is (more) data to be transferred if (pckNum == 0) { // first packet, (re)allocate necessary buffer - if (traceLen > bufsize) { + if (traceLen > bufsize || buf == NULL) { uint8_t *p; if (buf == NULL) { // not yet allocated p = malloc(traceLen);