X-Git-Url: https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/proxmark3-svn/blobdiff_plain/8040711b9026716982b6909cc2c9abdbb930a583..e1778858ddc53a6a82e8ee24f02e6b673687f69a:/armsrc/iso14443b.c

diff --git a/armsrc/iso14443b.c b/armsrc/iso14443b.c
index 832d661a..8802623d 100644
--- a/armsrc/iso14443b.c
+++ b/armsrc/iso14443b.c
@@ -10,37 +10,47 @@
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #include "iso14443b.h"
 
-#define RECEIVE_SAMPLES_TIMEOUT 50000
-#define ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE 256
+#ifndef FWT_TIMEOUT_14B
+// defaults to 2000ms
+# define FWT_TIMEOUT_14B 35312
+#endif
+#ifndef ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE
+# define ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE 256
+#endif
+#ifndef RECEIVE_MASK
+# define RECEIVE_MASK  (ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE-1)
+#endif
 
 // Guard Time (per 14443-2)
-#define TR0 0  
+#ifndef TR0
+# define TR0 0
+#endif
+
 // Synchronization time (per 14443-2)
-#define TR1 0
+#ifndef TR1
+# define TR1 0
+#endif
 // Frame Delay Time PICC to PCD  (per 14443-3 Amendment 1)
-#define TR2 0
+#ifndef TR2
+# define TR2 0
+#endif
+
+// 4sample
+#define SEND4STUFFBIT(x) ToSendStuffBit(x);ToSendStuffBit(x);ToSendStuffBit(x);ToSendStuffBit(x);
+//#define SEND4STUFFBIT(x) ToSendStuffBit(x);
+ // iceman, this threshold value,  what makes 8 a good amplituted for this IQ values? 
+#ifndef SUBCARRIER_DETECT_THRESHOLD
+# define SUBCARRIER_DETECT_THRESHOLD	8
+#endif
+
+static void iso14b_set_timeout(uint32_t timeout);
+static void iso14b_set_maxframesize(uint16_t size);
 static void switch_off(void);
 
 // the block number for the ISO14443-4 PCB  (used with APDUs)
 static uint8_t pcb_blocknum = 0;
+static uint32_t iso14b_timeout = FWT_TIMEOUT_14B;
 
-static uint32_t iso14b_timeout = RECEIVE_SAMPLES_TIMEOUT;
-// param timeout is in ftw_ 
-void iso14b_set_timeout(uint32_t timeout) {
-	// 9.4395us = 1etu.
-	// clock is about 1.5 us
-	iso14b_timeout = timeout;
-	if(MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2) Dbprintf("ISO14443B Timeout set to %ld fwt", iso14b_timeout);
-}
-
-static void switch_off(void){	
-	if (MF_DBGLEVEL > 3) Dbprintf("switch_off");
-	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
-	SpinDelay(100);
-	FpgaDisableSscDma();
-	set_tracing(FALSE);
-	LEDsoff();	
-}
 
 //=============================================================================
 // An ISO 14443 Type B tag. We listen for commands from the reader, using
@@ -131,8 +141,46 @@ static void DemodInit(uint8_t *data) {
 	//	memset(Demod.output, 0x00, MAX_FRAME_SIZE); 
 }
 
+
+/*
+* 9.4395 us = 1 ETU  and clock is about 1.5 us
+* 13560000Hz 
+* 1000ms/s
+* timeout in ETUs (time to transfer 1 bit, 9.4395 us)
+*
+* Formula to calculate FWT (in ETUs) by timeout (in ms):
+* fwt = 13560000 * 1000 / (8*16) * timeout; 
+* Sample:  3sec == 3000ms
+*  13560000 * 1000 / (8*16) * 3000  == 
+*    13560000000 / 384000 = 35312 FWT
+* @param timeout is in frame wait time, fwt, measured in ETUs
+*/ 
+static void iso14b_set_timeout(uint32_t timeout) {
+	#define MAX_TIMEOUT 40542464 	// 13560000Hz * 1000ms / (2^32-1) * (8*16)
+	if(timeout > MAX_TIMEOUT)
+		timeout = MAX_TIMEOUT;
+
+	iso14b_timeout = timeout;
+	if(MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("ISO14443B Timeout set to %ld fwt", iso14b_timeout);
+}
+static void iso14b_set_maxframesize(uint16_t size) {
+	if (size > 256)
+		size = MAX_FRAME_SIZE;
+	
+	Uart.byteCntMax = size;
+	if(MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("ISO14443B Max frame size set to %d bytes", Uart.byteCntMax);
+}
+static void switch_off(void){	
+	if (MF_DBGLEVEL > 3) Dbprintf("switch_off");
+	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
+	SpinDelay(100);
+	FpgaDisableSscDma();
+	set_tracing(FALSE);
+	LEDsoff();	
+}
+
 void AppendCrc14443b(uint8_t* data, int len) {
-	ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_B,data,len,data+len,data+len+1);
+	ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_B, data, len, data+len, data+len+1);
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -168,16 +216,19 @@ static void CodeIso14443bAsTag(const uint8_t *cmd, int len) {
 	*  -TO VERIFY THIS BELOW-
 	* The mode FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_SIMULATOR | FPGA_HF_SIMULATOR_MODULATE_BPSK which we use to simulate tag
 	* works like this:  
-	* - A 1-bit input to the FPGA becomes 8 pulses at 847.5kHz (9.44µS)
-	* - A 0-bit input to the FPGA becomes an unmodulated time of 9.44µS
-	*
+	* - A 1-bit input to the FPGA becomes 8 pulses at 847.5kHz (1.18µS / pulse) == 9.44us
+	* - A 0-bit input to the FPGA becomes an unmodulated time of 1.18µS  or does it become 8 nonpulses for 9.44us
 	*
+	* FPGA doesn't seem to work with ETU.  It seems to work with pulse / duration instead.
 	* 
 	* Card sends data ub 847.e kHz subcarrier
-	* 848k = 9.44µS  = 128 fc
-	* 424k = 18.88µS = 256 fc
-	* 212k = 37.76µS = 512 fc
-	* 106k = 75.52µS = 1024 fc
+	* subcar |duration| FC division
+	* -------+--------+------------
+	* 106kHz | 9.44µS | FC/128
+	* 212kHz | 4.72µS | FC/64
+	* 424kHz | 2.36µS | FC/32
+	* 848kHz | 1.18µS | FC/16
+	* -------+--------+------------
 	*
 	*  Reader data transmission:
 	*   - no modulation ONES
@@ -189,7 +240,7 @@ static void CodeIso14443bAsTag(const uint8_t *cmd, int len) {
 	*  Card data transmission
 	*   - TR1
 	*   - SOF
-	*   - data  (each bytes is:  1startbit,8bits, 1stopbit)
+	*   - data  (each bytes is:  1startbit, 8bits, 1stopbit)
 	*   - CRC_B
 	*   - EOF
 	*
@@ -200,9 +251,6 @@ static void CodeIso14443bAsTag(const uint8_t *cmd, int len) {
 	*
 	*/
 	
-	// ToSendStuffBit,  40 calls
-	// 1 ETU = 1startbit, 1stopbit, 8databits == 10bits.
-	// 1 ETU = 10 * 4 == 40 stuffbits ( ETU_TAG_BIT )
 	int i,j;
 	uint8_t b;
 	
@@ -218,80 +266,52 @@ static void CodeIso14443bAsTag(const uint8_t *cmd, int len) {
 
 	// Send SOF.
 	// 10-11 ETU * 4times samples ZEROS
-	for(i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-		ToSendStuffBit(0);
-		ToSendStuffBit(0);
-		ToSendStuffBit(0);
-		ToSendStuffBit(0);
-	}
+	for(i = 0; i < 10; i++) { SEND4STUFFBIT(0); }
+	//for(i = 0; i < 10; i++) { ToSendStuffBit(0); }
 	
 	// 2-3 ETU * 4times samples ONES
-	for(i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-		ToSendStuffBit(1);
-		ToSendStuffBit(1);
-		ToSendStuffBit(1);
-		ToSendStuffBit(1);
-	}
+	for(i = 0; i < 3; i++)  { SEND4STUFFBIT(1); }
+	//for(i = 0; i < 3; i++)  { ToSendStuffBit(1); }
 	
 	// data
 	for(i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
 		
 		// Start bit
-		ToSendStuffBit(0);
-		ToSendStuffBit(0);
-		ToSendStuffBit(0);
-		ToSendStuffBit(0);
+		SEND4STUFFBIT(0);
+		//ToSendStuffBit(0);
 
 		// Data bits
 		b = cmd[i];
 		for(j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-			if(b & 1) {
-				ToSendStuffBit(1);
-				ToSendStuffBit(1);
-				ToSendStuffBit(1);
-				ToSendStuffBit(1);
-			} else {
-				ToSendStuffBit(0);
-				ToSendStuffBit(0);
-				ToSendStuffBit(0);
-				ToSendStuffBit(0);
-			}
+			// if(b & 1) { 
+				// SEND4STUFFBIT(1); 
+				// //ToSendStuffBit(1);
+			// } else {
+				// SEND4STUFFBIT(0);
+				// //ToSendStuffBit(0);
+			// }
+			SEND4STUFFBIT( b & 1 );
 			b >>= 1;
 		}
 
 		// Stop bit
-		ToSendStuffBit(1);
-		ToSendStuffBit(1);
-		ToSendStuffBit(1);
-		ToSendStuffBit(1);
+		SEND4STUFFBIT(1);
+		//ToSendStuffBit(1);
 		
 		// Extra Guard bit
 		// For PICC it ranges 0-18us (1etu = 9us)
-		ToSendStuffBit(1);
-		ToSendStuffBit(1);
-		ToSendStuffBit(1);
-		ToSendStuffBit(1);
-
-		ToSendStuffBit(1);
-		ToSendStuffBit(1);
+		SEND4STUFFBIT(1);
+		//ToSendStuffBit(1);
 	}
 
 	// Send EOF.
 	// 10-11 ETU * 4 sample rate = ZEROS
-	for(i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-		ToSendStuffBit(0);
-		ToSendStuffBit(0);
-		ToSendStuffBit(0);
-		ToSendStuffBit(0);
-	}
+	for(i = 0; i < 10; i++) { SEND4STUFFBIT(0); }
+	//for(i = 0; i < 10; i++) { ToSendStuffBit(0); }
 	
 	// why this?
-	for(i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
-		ToSendStuffBit(1);
-		ToSendStuffBit(1);
-		ToSendStuffBit(1);
-		ToSendStuffBit(1);
-	}
+	for(i = 0; i < 40; i++) { SEND4STUFFBIT(1); }
+	//for(i = 0; i < 40; i++) { ToSendStuffBit(1); }
 	
 	// Convert from last byte pos to length
 	++ToSendMax;
@@ -311,11 +331,10 @@ static void CodeIso14443bAsTag(const uint8_t *cmd, int len) {
  *          false if we are still waiting for some more
  */
 static RAMFUNC int Handle14443bReaderUartBit(uint8_t bit) {
-	switch(Uart.state) {
+	switch (Uart.state) {
 		case STATE_UNSYNCD:
-			if(!bit) {
-				// we went low, so this could be the beginning
-				// of an SOF
+			if (!bit) {
+				// we went low, so this could be the beginning of an SOF
 				Uart.state = STATE_GOT_FALLING_EDGE_OF_SOF;
 				Uart.posCnt = 0;
 				Uart.bitCnt = 0;
@@ -324,9 +343,9 @@ static RAMFUNC int Handle14443bReaderUartBit(uint8_t bit) {
 
 		case STATE_GOT_FALLING_EDGE_OF_SOF:
 			Uart.posCnt++;
-			if(Uart.posCnt == 2) {	// sample every 4 1/fs in the middle of a bit
-				if(bit) {
-					if(Uart.bitCnt > 9) {
+			if (Uart.posCnt == 2) {	// sample every 4 1/fs in the middle of a bit
+				if (bit) {
+					if (Uart.bitCnt > 9) {
 						// we've seen enough consecutive
 						// zeros that it's a valid SOF
 						Uart.posCnt = 0;
@@ -334,8 +353,7 @@ static RAMFUNC int Handle14443bReaderUartBit(uint8_t bit) {
 						Uart.state = STATE_AWAITING_START_BIT;
 						LED_A_ON(); // Indicate we got a valid SOF
 					} else {
-						// didn't stay down long enough
-						// before going high, error
+						// didn't stay down long enough before going high, error
 						Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
 					}
 				} else {
@@ -343,10 +361,9 @@ static RAMFUNC int Handle14443bReaderUartBit(uint8_t bit) {
 				}
 				Uart.bitCnt++;
 			}
-			if(Uart.posCnt >= 4) Uart.posCnt = 0;
-			if(Uart.bitCnt > 12) {
-				// Give up if we see too many zeros without
-				// a one, too.
+			if (Uart.posCnt >= 4) Uart.posCnt = 0;
+			if (Uart.bitCnt > 12) {
+				// Give up if we see too many zeros without a one, too.
 				LED_A_OFF();
 				Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
 			}
@@ -354,10 +371,9 @@ static RAMFUNC int Handle14443bReaderUartBit(uint8_t bit) {
 
 		case STATE_AWAITING_START_BIT:
 			Uart.posCnt++;
-			if(bit) {
-				if(Uart.posCnt > 50/2) {	// max 57us between characters = 49 1/fs, max 3 etus after low phase of SOF = 24 1/fs
-					// stayed high for too long between
-					// characters, error
+			if (bit) {
+				if (Uart.posCnt > 50/2) {	// max 57us between characters = 49 1/fs, max 3 etus after low phase of SOF = 24 1/fs
+					// stayed high for too long between characters, error
 					Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
 				}
 			} else {
@@ -371,26 +387,26 @@ static RAMFUNC int Handle14443bReaderUartBit(uint8_t bit) {
 
 		case STATE_RECEIVING_DATA:
 			Uart.posCnt++;
-			if(Uart.posCnt == 2) {
+			if (Uart.posCnt == 2) {
 				// time to sample a bit
 				Uart.shiftReg >>= 1;
-				if(bit) {
+				if (bit) {
 					Uart.shiftReg |= 0x200;
 				}
 				Uart.bitCnt++;
 			}
-			if(Uart.posCnt >= 4) {
+			if (Uart.posCnt >= 4) {
 				Uart.posCnt = 0;
 			}
-			if(Uart.bitCnt == 10) {
-				if((Uart.shiftReg & 0x200) && !(Uart.shiftReg & 0x001))
+			if (Uart.bitCnt == 10) {
+				if ((Uart.shiftReg & 0x200) && !(Uart.shiftReg & 0x001))
 				{
 					// this is a data byte, with correct
 					// start and stop bits
 					Uart.output[Uart.byteCnt] = (Uart.shiftReg >> 1) & 0xff;
 					Uart.byteCnt++;
 
-					if(Uart.byteCnt >= Uart.byteCntMax) {
+					if (Uart.byteCnt >= Uart.byteCntMax) {
 						// Buffer overflowed, give up
 						LED_A_OFF();
 						Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
@@ -403,9 +419,9 @@ static RAMFUNC int Handle14443bReaderUartBit(uint8_t bit) {
 					// this is an EOF byte
 					LED_A_OFF(); // Finished receiving
 					Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
-					if (Uart.byteCnt != 0) {
-					return TRUE;
-					}
+					if (Uart.byteCnt != 0)
+						return TRUE;
+					
 				} else {
 					// this is an error
 					LED_A_OFF();
@@ -419,7 +435,6 @@ static RAMFUNC int Handle14443bReaderUartBit(uint8_t bit) {
 			Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
 			break;
 	}
-
 	return FALSE;
 }
 
@@ -438,21 +453,31 @@ static int GetIso14443bCommandFromReader(uint8_t *received, uint16_t *len) {
 	// Signal field is off with the appropriate LED
 	LED_D_OFF();
 	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_SIMULATOR | FPGA_HF_SIMULATOR_NO_MODULATION);
-	
+		
 	StartCountSspClk();
 	
+	volatile uint8_t b = 0;
+
+	// clear receiving shift register and holding register
+	// What does this loop do? Is it TR1?
+   	for(uint8_t c = 0; c < 10;) {
+		if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
+			AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0xFF;
+			++c;
+		}
+	}
+	
 	// Now run a `software UART' on the stream of incoming samples.
 	UartInit(received);
-	uint8_t b = 0;
-	for(;;) {
-		WDT_HIT();
 
-		if(BUTTON_PRESS()) return FALSE;
+	uint8_t mask;
+	while( !BUTTON_PRESS() ) {
+		WDT_HIT();
 
-		if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {
-			b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
-			for(uint8_t mask = 0x80; mask != 0x00; mask >>= 1) {
-				if(Handle14443bReaderUartBit(b & mask)) {
+		if ( AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY ) {
+			b = (uint8_t) AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
+			for ( mask = 0x80; mask != 0; mask >>= 1) {
+				if ( Handle14443bReaderUartBit(b & mask)) {
 					*len = Uart.byteCnt;
 					return TRUE;
 				}
@@ -462,30 +487,77 @@ static int GetIso14443bCommandFromReader(uint8_t *received, uint16_t *len) {
 	return FALSE;
 }
 
+void ClearFpgaShiftingRegisters(void){
+
+	volatile uint8_t b;
+
+	// clear receiving shift register and holding register
+	while(!(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {};
+
+	b = AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR; (void) b;
+
+	while(!(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {};
+
+	b = AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR; (void) b;
+			
+	// wait for the FPGA to signal fdt_indicator == 1 (the FPGA is ready to queue new data in its delay line)
+	for (uint8_t j = 0; j < 5; j++) {	// allow timeout - better late than never
+		while(!(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY));
+		if (AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR) break;
+	}
+	
+	// Clear TXRDY:
+	//AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0xFF;
+}
+
+void WaitForFpgaDelayQueueIsEmpty( uint16_t delay ){
+	// Ensure that the FPGA Delay Queue is empty before we switch to TAGSIM_LISTEN again:
+	uint8_t fpga_queued_bits = delay >> 3;  // twich /8 ??   >>3, 
+	for (uint8_t i = 0; i <= fpga_queued_bits/8 + 1; ) {
+		if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
+			AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0xFF;
+			i++;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void TransmitFor14443b_AsTag( uint8_t *response, uint16_t len) {
+
+	volatile uint32_t b;
+	
+	// Signal field is off with the appropriate LED
+	LED_D_OFF();
+	//uint16_t fpgasendQueueDelay = 0;
+	
+	// Modulate BPSK
+	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_SIMULATOR | FPGA_HF_SIMULATOR_MODULATE_BPSK);
+	SpinDelay(40);
+	
+	ClearFpgaShiftingRegisters();
+	
+	FpgaSetupSsc();
+
+	// Transmit the response.
+	for(uint16_t i = 0; i < len;) {
+		if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_TXRDY) {
+			AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = response[++i];
+		}
+		if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {
+			b = AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
+			(void)b;
+		}			
+	}
+	
+	//WaitForFpgaDelayQueueIsEmpty(fpgasendQueueDelay);
+	AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0xFF;		
+}	
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Main loop of simulated tag: receive commands from reader, decide what
 // response to send, and send it.
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-void SimulateIso14443bTag(void) {
-	// the only commands we understand is WUPB, AFI=0, Select All, N=1:
-	static const uint8_t cmd1[] = { ISO14443B_REQB, 0x00, 0x08, 0x39, 0x73 }; // WUPB
-	// ... and REQB, AFI=0, Normal Request, N=1:
-	static const uint8_t cmd2[] = { ISO14443B_REQB, 0x00, 0x00, 0x71, 0xFF }; // REQB
-	// ... and HLTB
-	static const uint8_t cmd3[] = { ISO14443B_HALT, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff }; // HLTB
-	// ... and ATTRIB
-	static const uint8_t cmd4[] = { ISO14443B_ATTRIB, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff}; // ATTRIB
+void SimulateIso14443bTag(uint32_t pupi) {
 
-	// ... and we always respond with ATQB, PUPI = 820de174, Application Data = 0x20381922,
-	// supports only 106kBit/s in both directions, max frame size = 32Bytes,
-	// supports ISO14443-4, FWI=8 (77ms), NAD supported, CID not supported:
-	static const uint8_t response1[] = {
-		0x50, 0x82, 0x0d, 0xe1, 0x74, 0x20, 0x38, 0x19, 0x22,
-		0x00, 0x21, 0x85, 0x5e, 0xd7
-	};
-	// response to HLTB and ATTRIB
-	static const uint8_t response2[] = {0x00, 0x78, 0xF0};
-				
+	///////////// setup device.
 	FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_HF);
 
 	// allocate command receive buffer
@@ -493,123 +565,160 @@ void SimulateIso14443bTag(void) {
 	BigBuf_Clear_ext(false);
 	clear_trace(); //sim
 	set_tracing(TRUE);
-
-	const uint8_t *resp;
-	uint8_t *respCode;
-	uint16_t respLen, respCodeLen, len, cmdsRecvd = 0;
-	uint8_t *receivedCmd = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_FRAME_SIZE);
-	
-	// prepare the (only one) tag answer:
-	CodeIso14443bAsTag(response1, sizeof(response1));
-	uint8_t *resp1Code = BigBuf_malloc(ToSendMax);
-	memcpy(resp1Code, ToSend, ToSendMax); 
-	uint16_t resp1CodeLen = ToSendMax;
-	DbpString("Printing Resp1Code:");
-	Dbhexdump(resp1CodeLen, resp1Code, 0);
-	
-	// prepare the (other) tag answer:
-	CodeIso14443bAsTag(response2, sizeof(response2));
-	uint8_t *resp2Code = BigBuf_malloc(ToSendMax);
-	memcpy(resp2Code, ToSend, ToSendMax); 
-	uint16_t resp2CodeLen = ToSendMax;
-	
-	// We need to listen to the high-frequency, peak-detected path.
+	
+	// connect Demodulated Signal to ADC:
 	SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_HIPKD);
+
+	// Set up the synchronous serial port
 	FpgaSetupSsc();
+	/////////////
 
-	uint32_t time_0 =0;
-	uint32_t t2r_time =0;
-	uint32_t r2t_time =0;
-	cmdsRecvd = 0;
+	uint16_t len, cmdsReceived = 0;
+	int cardSTATE = SIM_NOFIELD;
+	int vHf = 0;	// in mV
+	// uint32_t time_0 = 0;
+	// uint32_t t2r_time = 0;
+	// uint32_t r2t_time = 0;
+	uint8_t *receivedCmd = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_FRAME_SIZE);	
+	
+	// the only commands we understand is WUPB, AFI=0, Select All, N=1:
+//	static const uint8_t cmdWUPB[] = { ISO14443B_REQB, 0x00, 0x08, 0x39, 0x73 }; // WUPB
+	// ... and REQB, AFI=0, Normal Request, N=1:
+//	static const uint8_t cmdREQB[] = { ISO14443B_REQB, 0x00, 0x00, 0x71, 0xFF }; // REQB
+	// ... and ATTRIB
+//	static const uint8_t cmdATTRIB[] = { ISO14443B_ATTRIB, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff}; // ATTRIB
 
-	for(;;) {
+	// ... if not PUPI/UID is supplied we always respond with ATQB, PUPI = 820de174, Application Data = 0x20381922,
+	// supports only 106kBit/s in both directions, max frame size = 32Bytes,
+	// supports ISO14443-4, FWI=8 (77ms), NAD supported, CID not supported:
+	uint8_t respATQB[] = { 	0x50, 0x82, 0x0d, 0xe1, 0x74, 0x20, 0x38, 0x19, 
+							0x22, 0x00, 0x21, 0x85, 0x5e, 0xd7 };
+							
+	// response to HLTB and ATTRIB
+	static const uint8_t respOK[] = {0x00, 0x78, 0xF0};
 
-		if (!GetIso14443bCommandFromReader(receivedCmd, &len)) {
-			Dbprintf("button pressed, received %d commands", cmdsRecvd);
-			break;
-		}
-		r2t_time = GetCountSspClk();
+	// ...PUPI/UID supplied from user. Adjust ATQB response accordingly
+	if ( pupi > 0 ) {
+		uint8_t len = sizeof(respATQB);
+		num_to_bytes(pupi, 4, respATQB+1);
+		ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_B, respATQB, 12, &respATQB[len-2], &respATQB[len-1]);
+	}
 
-		if (tracing) 
-			LogTrace(receivedCmd, len, (r2t_time - time_0), (r2t_time - time_0), NULL, TRUE);	
-			
+	// prepare "ATQB" tag answer (encoded):
+	CodeIso14443bAsTag(respATQB, sizeof(respATQB));
+	uint8_t *encodedATQB = BigBuf_malloc(ToSendMax);
+	uint16_t encodedATQBLen = ToSendMax;
+	memcpy(encodedATQB, ToSend, ToSendMax); 
 
-		// Good, look at the command now.
-		if ( (len == sizeof(cmd1) && memcmp(receivedCmd, cmd1, len) == 0)
-			|| (len == sizeof(cmd2) && memcmp(receivedCmd, cmd2, len) == 0) ) {
-			resp = response1; 
-			respLen = sizeof(response1);
-			respCode = resp1Code; 
-			respCodeLen = resp1CodeLen;
-		} else if ( (len == sizeof(cmd3) && receivedCmd[0] == cmd3[0])
-			|| (len == sizeof(cmd4) && receivedCmd[0] == cmd4[0]) ) {
-			resp = response2; 
-			respLen = sizeof(response2);
-			respCode = resp2Code; 
-			respCodeLen = resp2CodeLen;
-		} else {
-			Dbprintf("new cmd from reader: len=%d, cmdsRecvd=%d", len, cmdsRecvd);
-
-			// And print whether the CRC fails, just for good measure
-			uint8_t b1, b2;
-			if (len >= 3){ // if crc exists
-				ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_B, receivedCmd, len-2, &b1, &b2);
-				if(b1 != receivedCmd[len-2] || b2 != receivedCmd[len-1])
-					DbpString("+++CRC fail");
-				else
-					DbpString("CRC passes");
-			}
-			//get rid of compiler warning
-			respCodeLen = 0;
-			resp = response1;
-			respLen	= 0;
-			respCode = resp1Code;
-			//don't crash at new command just wait and see if reader will send other new cmds.
-			//break;
-		}
+	
+	// prepare "OK" tag answer (encoded):
+	CodeIso14443bAsTag(respOK, sizeof(respOK));
+	uint8_t *encodedOK = BigBuf_malloc(ToSendMax);
+	uint16_t encodedOKLen = ToSendMax;	
+	memcpy(encodedOK, ToSend, ToSendMax); 
+	
+	// Simulation loop
+	while (!BUTTON_PRESS() && !usb_poll_validate_length()) {
+		WDT_HIT();
 
-		++cmdsRecvd;
+		// find reader field
+		if (cardSTATE == SIM_NOFIELD) {
+			vHf = (MAX_ADC_HF_VOLTAGE * AvgAdc(ADC_CHAN_HF)) >> 10;
+			if ( vHf > MF_MINFIELDV ) {
+				cardSTATE = SIM_IDLE; 
+				LED_A_ON();
+			}
+		} 
+		if (cardSTATE == SIM_NOFIELD) continue;
 
-		if(cmdsRecvd > 1000) {
-			DbpString("1000 commands later...");
+		// Get reader command
+		if (!GetIso14443bCommandFromReader(receivedCmd, &len)) {
+			Dbprintf("button pressed, received %d commands", cmdsReceived);
 			break;
 		}
 
-		if(respCodeLen <= 0) continue;
-
-		// Modulate BPSK
-		// Signal field is off with the appropriate LED
-		LED_D_OFF();
-		FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_SIMULATOR | FPGA_HF_SIMULATOR_MODULATE_BPSK);
-
-		AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0xff;
-
-		FpgaSetupSsc();
-
-		// Transmit the response.
-		uint16_t i = 0;
-		volatile uint8_t b;
-		for(;;) {
-			if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
-
-				AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = respCode[i];
-				i++;
-				if(i > respCodeLen)
-					break;
-			}
-			
-			if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {
-				b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
-				(void)b;
+		// ISO14443-B protocol states:
+		// REQ or WUP request in ANY state 
+		// WUP in HALTED state
+		if (len == 5 ) {
+				if ( (receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443B_REQB && (receivedCmd[2] & 0x8)== 0x8 && cardSTATE == SIM_HALTED) ||
+            	      receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443B_REQB ){
+				LogTrace(receivedCmd, len, 0, 0, NULL, TRUE);						  
+				cardSTATE = SIM_SELECTING;
 			}
 		}
 		
-		t2r_time = GetCountSspClk();
+		/*
+		* How should this flow go?
+		*  REQB or WUPB
+		*   send response  ( waiting for Attrib)
+		*  ATTRIB
+		*   send response  ( waiting for commands 7816) 
+		*  HALT
+		    send halt response ( waiting for wupb )
+		*/
 		
-		if (tracing)
-			LogTrace(resp, respLen, (t2r_time-time_0), (t2r_time-time_0), NULL, FALSE);
+		switch (cardSTATE) {
+			//case SIM_NOFIELD:
+			case SIM_HALTED:
+			case SIM_IDLE: {
+				LogTrace(receivedCmd, len, 0, 0, NULL, TRUE);	
+				break;
+			}
+			case SIM_SELECTING: {
+				TransmitFor14443b_AsTag( encodedATQB, encodedATQBLen );
+				LogTrace(respATQB, sizeof(respATQB), 0, 0, NULL, FALSE);
+				cardSTATE = SIM_WORK;
+				break;
+			}
+			case SIM_HALTING: {
+				TransmitFor14443b_AsTag( encodedOK, encodedOKLen );
+				LogTrace(respOK, sizeof(respOK), 0, 0, NULL, FALSE);
+				cardSTATE = SIM_HALTED;
+				break;
+			}
+			case SIM_ACKNOWLEDGE: {
+				TransmitFor14443b_AsTag( encodedOK, encodedOKLen );
+				LogTrace(respOK, sizeof(respOK), 0, 0, NULL, FALSE);
+				cardSTATE = SIM_IDLE;			
+				break;
+			}
+			case SIM_WORK: {
+				if ( len == 7 && receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443B_HALT ) {
+					cardSTATE = SIM_HALTED;
+				} else if ( len == 11 && receivedCmd[0] == ISO14443B_ATTRIB ) {
+					cardSTATE = SIM_ACKNOWLEDGE;
+				} else {
+					// Todo:
+					// - SLOT MARKER
+					// - ISO7816
+					// - emulate with a memory dump
+					Dbprintf("new cmd from reader: len=%d, cmdsRecvd=%d", len, cmdsReceived);
+
+					// CRC Check
+					uint8_t b1, b2;
+					if (len >= 3){ // if crc exists
+						ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_B, receivedCmd, len-2, &b1, &b2);
+						if(b1 != receivedCmd[len-2] || b2 != receivedCmd[len-1])
+							DbpString("+++CRC fail");
+						else
+							DbpString("CRC passes");
+					}
+					cardSTATE = SIM_IDLE; 
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+			default: break;
+		}
+			
+		++cmdsReceived;
+		// iceman, could add a switch to turn this on/off (if off, no logging?)
+		if(cmdsReceived > 1000) {
+			DbpString("14B Simulate, 1000 commands later...");
+			break;
+		}
 	}
-	
+	if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1) Dbprintf("Emulator stopped. Tracing: %d  trace length: %d ", tracing, BigBuf_get_traceLen());
 	switch_off(); //simulate
 }
 
@@ -634,12 +743,9 @@ void SimulateIso14443bTag(void) {
  *          false if we are still waiting for some more
  *
  */
-#ifndef SUBCARRIER_DETECT_THRESHOLD
-# define SUBCARRIER_DETECT_THRESHOLD	8
-#endif
-
 static RAMFUNC int Handle14443bTagSamplesDemod(int ci, int cq) {
-	int v=0;// , myI, myQ = 0;
+	int v = 0, myI = ABS(ci), myQ = ABS(cq);
+
 // The soft decision on the bit uses an estimate of just the
 // quadrant of the reference angle, not the exact angle.
 #define MAKE_SOFT_DECISION() { \
@@ -657,7 +763,7 @@ static RAMFUNC int Handle14443bTagSamplesDemod(int ci, int cq) {
 
 // Subcarrier amplitude v = sqrt(ci^2 + cq^2), approximated here by abs(ci) + abs(cq)
 // Subcarrier amplitude v = sqrt(ci^2 + cq^2), approximated here by max(abs(ci),abs(cq)) + 1/2*min(abs(ci),abs(cq)))
-#define CHECK_FOR_SUBCARRIER() { \
+#define CHECK_FOR_SUBCARRIER_old() { \
 		if(ci < 0) { \
 			if(cq < 0) { /* ci < 0, cq < 0 */ \
 				if (cq < ci) { \
@@ -690,19 +796,17 @@ static RAMFUNC int Handle14443bTagSamplesDemod(int ci, int cq) {
 	}
 
 //note: couldn't we just use MAX(ABS(ci),ABS(cq)) + (MIN(ABS(ci),ABS(cq))/2) from common.h - marshmellow
-#define CHECK_FOR_SUBCARRIER_un() { \
-		myI = ABS(ci); \
-		myQ = ABS(cq); \
-		v = MAX(myI,myQ) + (MIN(myI,myQ) >> 1); \
+#define CHECK_FOR_SUBCARRIER() { \
+		v = MAX(myI, myQ) + (MIN(myI, myQ) >> 1); \
  	}
 
 	switch(Demod.state) {
 		case DEMOD_UNSYNCD:
 
 			CHECK_FOR_SUBCARRIER();
-
+		
 			// subcarrier detected
-			if(v > SUBCARRIER_DETECT_THRESHOLD) {
+			if (v > SUBCARRIER_DETECT_THRESHOLD) {
 				Demod.state = DEMOD_PHASE_REF_TRAINING;
 				Demod.sumI = ci;
 				Demod.sumQ = cq;
@@ -711,7 +815,7 @@ static RAMFUNC int Handle14443bTagSamplesDemod(int ci, int cq) {
 			break;
 
 		case DEMOD_PHASE_REF_TRAINING:
-			if(Demod.posCount < 8) {
+			if (Demod.posCount < 8) {
 
 				CHECK_FOR_SUBCARRIER();
 				
@@ -734,12 +838,12 @@ static RAMFUNC int Handle14443bTagSamplesDemod(int ci, int cq) {
 			
 			MAKE_SOFT_DECISION();
 			
-			if(v < 0) {	// logic '0' detected
+			if (v < 0) {	// logic '0' detected
 				Demod.state = DEMOD_GOT_FALLING_EDGE_OF_SOF;
 				Demod.posCount = 0;	// start of SOF sequence
 			} else {
 				// maximum length of TR1 = 200 1/fs
-				if(Demod.posCount > 25*2) Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
+				if(Demod.posCount > 26*2) Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
 			}
 			++Demod.posCount;
 			break;
@@ -749,20 +853,20 @@ static RAMFUNC int Handle14443bTagSamplesDemod(int ci, int cq) {
 			
 			MAKE_SOFT_DECISION();
 			
-			if(v > 0) {
+			if (v > 0) {
 				// low phase of SOF too short (< 9 etu). Note: spec is >= 10, but FPGA tends to "smear" edges
-				if(Demod.posCount < 9*2) { 
+				if (Demod.posCount < 8*2) { 
 					Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
 				} else {
 					LED_C_ON(); // Got SOF
-					Demod.startTime = GetCountSspClk();
+					//Demod.startTime = GetCountSspClk();
 					Demod.state = DEMOD_AWAITING_START_BIT;
 					Demod.posCount = 0;
 					Demod.len = 0;
 				}
 			} else {
 				// low phase of SOF too long (> 12 etu)
-				if (Demod.posCount > 12*2) { 
+				if (Demod.posCount > 14*2) { 
 					Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
 					LED_C_OFF();
 				}
@@ -775,7 +879,7 @@ static RAMFUNC int Handle14443bTagSamplesDemod(int ci, int cq) {
 			MAKE_SOFT_DECISION();
 			
 			if (v > 0) {
-				if(Demod.posCount > 3*2) { 		// max 19us between characters = 16 1/fs, max 3 etu after low phase of SOF = 24 1/fs
+				if(Demod.posCount > 2*2) { 		// max 19us between characters = 16 1/fs, max 3 etu after low phase of SOF = 24 1/fs
 					Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
 					LED_C_OFF();
 				}
@@ -801,28 +905,30 @@ static RAMFUNC int Handle14443bTagSamplesDemod(int ci, int cq) {
 				Demod.thisBit += v;
 				Demod.shiftReg >>= 1;
 
-				// logic '1'
-				if(Demod.thisBit > 0)  Demod.shiftReg |= 0x200;
+				// OR in a logic '1'
+				if (Demod.thisBit > 0)  Demod.shiftReg |= 0x200;
 
 				++Demod.bitCount;
 				
-				if(Demod.bitCount == 10) {
+				// 1 start 8 data 1 stop = 10
+				if (Demod.bitCount == 10) {
 					
 					uint16_t s = Demod.shiftReg;
 					
 					// stop bit == '1', start bit == '0'
-					if((s & 0x200) && !(s & 0x001)) { 
-						uint8_t b = (s >> 1);
-						Demod.output[Demod.len] = b;
+					if ((s & 0x200) && (s & 0x001) == 0 ) { 
+						// left shift to drop the startbit
+						Demod.output[Demod.len] =  (s >> 1) & 0xFF;
 						++Demod.len;
 						Demod.state = DEMOD_AWAITING_START_BIT;
 					} else {
+						// this one is a bit hard,  either its a correc byte or its unsynced.
 						Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
-						Demod.endTime = GetCountSspClk();
+						//Demod.endTime = GetCountSspClk();
 						LED_C_OFF();
 						
 						// This is EOF (start, stop and all data bits == '0'
-						if(s == 0) return TRUE;
+						if (s == 0) return TRUE;
 					}
 				}
 				Demod.posCount = 0;
@@ -842,10 +948,10 @@ static RAMFUNC int Handle14443bTagSamplesDemod(int ci, int cq) {
  *  Demodulate the samples we received from the tag, also log to tracebuffer
  *  quiet: set to 'TRUE' to disable debug output
  */
-static void GetTagSamplesFor14443bDemod(bool quiet) {
-	bool gotFrame = FALSE;
+static void GetTagSamplesFor14443bDemod() {
+	bool gotFrame = FALSE, finished = FALSE;
 	int lastRxCounter = ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
-	int max = 0, ci = 0, cq = 0, samples = 0;
+	int ci = 0, cq = 0;
 	uint32_t time_0 = 0, time_stop = 0;
 
 	BigBuf_free();
@@ -862,66 +968,58 @@ static void GetTagSamplesFor14443bDemod(bool quiet) {
 		if (MF_DBGLEVEL > 1) Dbprintf("FpgaSetupSscDma failed. Exiting"); 
 		return;
 	}
-	
-	time_0 = GetCountSspClk();
-	
+
 	// And put the FPGA in the appropriate mode
 	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_RX_XCORR | FPGA_HF_READER_RX_XCORR_848_KHZ);
-	
-	while( !BUTTON_PRESS() ) {
-		WDT_HIT();
 
-		int behindBy = lastRxCounter - AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR;
-		if(behindBy > max) max = behindBy;
+	// get current clock
+	time_0 = GetCountSspClk();
+	
+	// rx counter - dma counter? (how much?) & (mod) mask > 2. (since 2bytes at the time is read)
+	while ( !finished ) {
 
-		// rx counter - dma counter? (how much?) & (mod) dma buff / 2.  (since 2bytes at the time is read)
-		while(((lastRxCounter - AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR) & (ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE-1)) > 2) {
+		LED_A_INV();
+		WDT_HIT();
 
-			ci = upTo[0];
-			cq = upTo[1];
-			upTo += 2;
-			samples += 2;
-			
-			// restart DMA buffer to receive again.
-			if(upTo >= dmaBuf + ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
-				upTo = dmaBuf;
-				AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNPR = (uint32_t) upTo;
-				AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNCR = ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
-			}
-			
-			lastRxCounter -= 2;
-			if(lastRxCounter <= 0)
-				lastRxCounter += ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
+		// LSB is a fpga signal bit.
+		ci = upTo[0] >> 1;
+		cq = upTo[1] >> 1;
+		upTo += 2;
+		lastRxCounter -= 2;
 
-			// is this | 0x01 the error?   & 0xfe  in https://github.com/Proxmark/proxmark3/issues/103
-			//gotFrame =  Handle14443bTagSamplesDemod(ci & 0xfe, cq & 0xfe);
-			gotFrame =  Handle14443bTagSamplesDemod(ci, cq);
-			if ( gotFrame )	break;
-			LED_A_INV();
+		// restart DMA buffer to receive again.
+		if(upTo >= dmaBuf + ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+			upTo = dmaBuf;
+			lastRxCounter = ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
+			AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNPR = (uint32_t) upTo;
+			AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNCR = ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
 		}
 
+		// https://github.com/Proxmark/proxmark3/issues/103
+		gotFrame =  Handle14443bTagSamplesDemod(ci, cq);
 		time_stop = GetCountSspClk() - time_0;
-	
-		if(time_stop > iso14b_timeout || gotFrame)	break;
+
+		finished = (time_stop > iso14b_timeout || gotFrame);
 	}
 	
 	FpgaDisableSscDma();
-
-	if (!quiet) {
-		Dbprintf("max behindby = %d, samples = %d, gotFrame = %s, Demod.state = %d, Demod.len = %u",
-			max,
-			samples, 
-			(gotFrame) ? "true" : "false", 
+	
+	if ( upTo ) upTo = NULL;
+	
+	if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) {
+		Dbprintf("Demod.state = %d, Demod.len = %u,  PDC_RCR = %u",	
 			Demod.state,
-			Demod.len
+			Demod.len,
+			AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR
 		);
 	}
-	if ( Demod.len > 0 )
-		LogTrace(Demod.output, Demod.len, Demod.startTime, Demod.endTime, NULL, FALSE);
 	
-	// free mem refs.
-	// if ( dmaBuf ) dmaBuf = NULL;
-	// if ( upTo )   upTo = NULL;
+	// print the last batch of IQ values from FPGA
+	if (MF_DBGLEVEL == 4)
+		Dbhexdump(ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE, (uint8_t *)dmaBuf, FALSE);	
+	
+	if ( Demod.len > 0 )
+		LogTrace(Demod.output, Demod.len, time_0, time_stop, NULL, FALSE);
 }
 
 
@@ -930,29 +1028,47 @@ static void GetTagSamplesFor14443bDemod(bool quiet) {
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 static void TransmitFor14443b_AsReader(void) {
 
-	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_TX | FPGA_HF_READER_TX_SHALLOW_MOD);
-	SpinDelay(20);
-	
-	int c;	
 	// we could been in following mode:
 	// FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_RX_XCORR | FPGA_HF_READER_RX_XCORR_848_KHZ
 	// if its second call or more
+	
+	// while(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
+		// AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0XFF;
+	// }
+	
+	FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_TX | FPGA_HF_READER_TX_SHALLOW_MOD);
+	SpinDelay(40);
 
+	int c;	
+	volatile uint32_t b;
+										 
 	// What does this loop do? Is it TR1?
-   	for(c = 0; c < 10;) {
+	// 0xFF = 8 bits of 1.    1 bit == 1Etu,..  
+	// loop 10 * 8 = 80 ETU of delay, with a non modulated signal.  why?
+	// 80*9 = 720us.
+   	for(c = 0; c < 50;) {
 		if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
 			AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0xFF;
 			++c;
 		}
+		if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {
+			b = AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
+			(void)b;
+		}
 	}
-	
+
 	// Send frame loop
 	for(c = 0; c < ToSendMax;) {
 		if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
-			AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = ToSend[c];
-			++c;
+			AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = ToSend[c++];
 		}
+		if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {
+			b = AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
+			(void)b;
+		}					
 	}
+	//WaitForFpgaDelayQueueIsEmpty(delay);
+	// We should wait here for the FPGA to send all bits.
 	WDT_HIT();
 }
 
@@ -960,8 +1076,7 @@ static void TransmitFor14443b_AsReader(void) {
 // Code a layer 2 command (string of octets, including CRC) into ToSend[],
 // so that it is ready to transmit to the tag using TransmitFor14443b().
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-static void CodeIso14443bAsReader(const uint8_t *cmd, int len)
-{
+static void CodeIso14443bAsReader(const uint8_t *cmd, int len) {
 	/*
 	*  Reader data transmission:
 	*   - no modulation ONES
@@ -972,6 +1087,9 @@ static void CodeIso14443bAsReader(const uint8_t *cmd, int len)
 	*
 	* 	1 ETU == 1 BIT!
 	*   TR0 - 8 ETUS minimum.
+	*
+	*   QUESTION:  how long is a 1 or 0 in pulses in the xcorr_848 mode?
+	*              1 "stuffbit" = 1ETU (9us)
 	*/
 	int i;
 	uint8_t b;
@@ -994,14 +1112,24 @@ static void CodeIso14443bAsReader(const uint8_t *cmd, int len)
 		ToSendStuffBit(0);
 		// Data bits
 		b = cmd[i];		
-		if (  b & 1 )    ToSendStuffBit(1); else ToSendStuffBit(0);
-		if ( (b>>1) & 1) ToSendStuffBit(1); else ToSendStuffBit(0);
-		if ( (b>>2) & 1) ToSendStuffBit(1); else ToSendStuffBit(0);
-		if ( (b>>3) & 1) ToSendStuffBit(1); else ToSendStuffBit(0);
-		if ( (b>>4) & 1) ToSendStuffBit(1); else ToSendStuffBit(0);
-		if ( (b>>5) & 1) ToSendStuffBit(1); else ToSendStuffBit(0);
-		if ( (b>>6) & 1) ToSendStuffBit(1); else ToSendStuffBit(0);
-		if ( (b>>7) & 1) ToSendStuffBit(1); else ToSendStuffBit(0);		
+		// if (  b & 1 )    ToSendStuffBit(1); else ToSendStuffBit(0);
+		// if ( (b>>1) & 1) ToSendStuffBit(1); else ToSendStuffBit(0);
+		// if ( (b>>2) & 1) ToSendStuffBit(1); else ToSendStuffBit(0);
+		// if ( (b>>3) & 1) ToSendStuffBit(1); else ToSendStuffBit(0);
+		// if ( (b>>4) & 1) ToSendStuffBit(1); else ToSendStuffBit(0);
+		// if ( (b>>5) & 1) ToSendStuffBit(1); else ToSendStuffBit(0);
+		// if ( (b>>6) & 1) ToSendStuffBit(1); else ToSendStuffBit(0);
+		// if ( (b>>7) & 1) ToSendStuffBit(1); else ToSendStuffBit(0);	
+
+		ToSendStuffBit(  b & 1); 
+		ToSendStuffBit( (b>>1) & 1); 		
+		ToSendStuffBit( (b>>2) & 1); 
+		ToSendStuffBit( (b>>3) & 1); 
+		ToSendStuffBit( (b>>4) & 1); 
+		ToSendStuffBit( (b>>5) & 1); 
+		ToSendStuffBit( (b>>6) & 1); 		
+		ToSendStuffBit( (b>>7) & 1); 
+		
 		// Stop bit
 		ToSendStuffBit(1);
 		// EGT extra guard time
@@ -1018,7 +1146,8 @@ static void CodeIso14443bAsReader(const uint8_t *cmd, int len)
 	// Transition time. TR0 - guard time
 	// 8ETUS minum?
 	// Per specification, Subcarrier must be stopped no later than 2 ETUs after EOF.	
-	for(i = 0; i < 40 ; ++i) ToSendStuffBit(1);
+	// I'm guessing this is for the FPGA to be able to send all bits before we switch to listening mode
+	for(i = 0; i < 32 ; ++i) ToSendStuffBit(1);
 	
 	// TR1 - Synchronization time
 	// Convert from last character reference to length
@@ -1026,20 +1155,20 @@ static void CodeIso14443bAsReader(const uint8_t *cmd, int len)
 }
 
 
-/**
-  Convenience function to encode, transmit and trace iso 14443b comms
-  **/
+/*
+*  Convenience function to encode, transmit and trace iso 14443b comms
+*/
 static void CodeAndTransmit14443bAsReader(const uint8_t *cmd, int len) {
+
+	uint32_t time_start = GetCountSspClk();
 	
 	CodeIso14443bAsReader(cmd, len);
-	
-	uint32_t time_start = GetCountSspClk();
 
 	TransmitFor14443b_AsReader();
-	
+
 	if(trigger) LED_A_ON();
-	
-	if (tracing) LogTrace(cmd, len, time_start, GetCountSspClk()-time_start, NULL, TRUE);
+
+	LogTrace(cmd, len, time_start, GetCountSspClk()-time_start, NULL, TRUE);
 }
 
 /* Sends an APDU to the tag
@@ -1061,7 +1190,7 @@ uint8_t iso14443b_apdu(uint8_t const *message, size_t message_length, uint8_t *r
 	// send
 	CodeAndTransmit14443bAsReader(message_frame, message_length + 4); //no
 	// get response
-	GetTagSamplesFor14443bDemod(TRUE); //no
+	GetTagSamplesFor14443bDemod(); //no
 	if(Demod.len < 3)
 		return 0;
 	
@@ -1090,7 +1219,7 @@ uint8_t iso14443b_select_srx_card(iso14b_card_select_t *card )
 	uint8_t crc[2] = {0x00, 0x00};
 	
 	CodeAndTransmit14443bAsReader(init_srx, sizeof(init_srx));
-	GetTagSamplesFor14443bDemod(TRUE); //no
+	GetTagSamplesFor14443bDemod(); //no
 
 	if (Demod.len == 0) return 2;
 
@@ -1101,7 +1230,7 @@ uint8_t iso14443b_select_srx_card(iso14b_card_select_t *card )
 	
 	ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_B, select_srx, 2, &select_srx[2], &select_srx[3]);
 	CodeAndTransmit14443bAsReader(select_srx, sizeof(select_srx));
-	GetTagSamplesFor14443bDemod(TRUE); //no
+	GetTagSamplesFor14443bDemod(); //no
 	
 	if (Demod.len != 3)	return 2;
 	
@@ -1117,7 +1246,7 @@ uint8_t iso14443b_select_srx_card(iso14b_card_select_t *card )
 
 	ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_B, select_srx, 1 , &select_srx[1], &select_srx[2]);
 	CodeAndTransmit14443bAsReader(select_srx, 3); // Only first three bytes for this one
-	GetTagSamplesFor14443bDemod(TRUE); //no
+	GetTagSamplesFor14443bDemod(); //no
 
 	if (Demod.len != 10) return 2;
 	
@@ -1151,7 +1280,7 @@ uint8_t iso14443b_select_card(iso14b_card_select_t *card )
 	
 	// first, wake up the tag
 	CodeAndTransmit14443bAsReader(wupb, sizeof(wupb));
-	GetTagSamplesFor14443bDemod(TRUE); //select_card
+	GetTagSamplesFor14443bDemod(); //select_card
 	
 	// ATQB too short?
 	if (Demod.len < 14) return 2;
@@ -1175,7 +1304,7 @@ uint8_t iso14443b_select_card(iso14b_card_select_t *card )
     ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_B, attrib, 9, attrib + 9, attrib + 10);
 
     CodeAndTransmit14443bAsReader(attrib, sizeof(attrib));
-    GetTagSamplesFor14443bDemod(TRUE);//select_card
+    GetTagSamplesFor14443bDemod();//select_card
 
     // Answer to ATTRIB too short?
     if(Demod.len < 3) return 2;
@@ -1184,14 +1313,28 @@ uint8_t iso14443b_select_card(iso14b_card_select_t *card )
     ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_B, Demod.output, Demod.len-2, &crc[0], &crc[1]);
 	if ( crc[0] != Demod.output[1] || crc[1] != Demod.output[2] ) 
 		return 3;
+
+	if (card) { 
 	
-	// CID
-	if (card) card->cid = Demod.output[0];
-	
-	uint8_t fwt = card->atqb[6]>>4;
-	if ( fwt < 16 ){
-		uint32_t fwt_time = (302 << fwt);
-		iso14b_set_timeout( fwt_time);
+		// CID
+		card->cid = Demod.output[0];
+
+		// MAX FRAME
+		uint16_t maxFrame = card->atqb[5] >> 4;
+		if (maxFrame < 5) 		maxFrame = 8 * maxFrame + 16;
+		else if (maxFrame == 5)	maxFrame = 64;
+		else if (maxFrame == 6)	maxFrame = 96;
+		else if (maxFrame == 7)	maxFrame = 128;
+		else if (maxFrame == 8)	maxFrame = 256;
+		else maxFrame = 257;
+		iso14b_set_maxframesize(maxFrame);
+		
+		// FWT 
+		uint8_t fwt = card->atqb[6] >> 4;
+		if ( fwt < 16 ){
+			uint32_t fwt_time = (302 << fwt);
+			iso14b_set_timeout( fwt_time);
+		}
 	}
 	// reset PCB block number
 	pcb_blocknum = 0;
@@ -1261,7 +1404,7 @@ void ReadSTMemoryIso14443b(uint8_t numofblocks)
 	// First command: wake up the tag using the INITIATE command
 	uint8_t cmd1[] = {ISO14443B_INITIATE, 0x00, 0x97, 0x5b};
 	CodeAndTransmit14443bAsReader(cmd1, sizeof(cmd1)); //no
-	GetTagSamplesFor14443bDemod(TRUE); // no
+	GetTagSamplesFor14443bDemod(); // no
 
 	if (Demod.len == 0) {
 		DbpString("No response from tag");
@@ -1278,7 +1421,7 @@ void ReadSTMemoryIso14443b(uint8_t numofblocks)
 	cmd1[1] = Demod.output[0];
 	ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_B, cmd1, 2, &cmd1[2], &cmd1[3]);
 	CodeAndTransmit14443bAsReader(cmd1, sizeof(cmd1)); //no
-	GetTagSamplesFor14443bDemod(TRUE); //no
+	GetTagSamplesFor14443bDemod(); //no
 	if (Demod.len != 3) {
 		Dbprintf("Expected 3 bytes from tag, got %d", Demod.len);
 		set_tracing(FALSE);	
@@ -1303,7 +1446,7 @@ void ReadSTMemoryIso14443b(uint8_t numofblocks)
 	cmd1[0] = ISO14443B_GET_UID;
 	ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_B, cmd1, 1 , &cmd1[1], &cmd1[2]);
 	CodeAndTransmit14443bAsReader(cmd1, 3); // no --  Only first three bytes for this one
-	GetTagSamplesFor14443bDemod(TRUE); //no
+	GetTagSamplesFor14443bDemod(); //no
 	if (Demod.len != 10) {
 		Dbprintf("Expected 10 bytes from tag, got %d", Demod.len);
 		set_tracing(FALSE);	
@@ -1334,7 +1477,7 @@ void ReadSTMemoryIso14443b(uint8_t numofblocks)
 		cmd1[1] = i;
 		ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_B, cmd1, 2, &cmd1[2], &cmd1[3]);
 		CodeAndTransmit14443bAsReader(cmd1, sizeof(cmd1)); //no
-		GetTagSamplesFor14443bDemod(TRUE); //no
+		GetTagSamplesFor14443bDemod(); //no
 		
 		if (Demod.len != 6) { // Check if we got an answer from the tag
 			DbpString("Expected 6 bytes from tag, got less...");
@@ -1417,16 +1560,13 @@ static void iso1444b_setup_snoop(void){
 void RAMFUNC SnoopIso14443b(void) {
 
 	uint32_t time_0 = 0, time_start = 0, time_stop = 0;
-	
+	int ci = 0, cq = 0;
+	int lastRxCounter = ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
+
 	// We won't start recording the frames that we acquire until we trigger;
 	// a good trigger condition to get started is probably when we see a
 	// response from the tag.
-	int triggered = TRUE;			// TODO: set and evaluate trigger condition	
-	int ci, cq;
-	int maxBehindBy = 0;
-	//int behindBy  = 0;
-	int lastRxCounter = ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
-	
+	bool triggered = TRUE;			// TODO: set and evaluate trigger condition		
 	bool TagIsActive = FALSE;
 	bool ReaderIsActive = FALSE;
 
@@ -1449,40 +1589,25 @@ void RAMFUNC SnoopIso14443b(void) {
 	for(;;) {
 
 		WDT_HIT();
-		
-		int behindBy = (lastRxCounter - AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR) & (ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE-1);
 
-		if ( behindBy > maxBehindBy )
-			maxBehindBy = behindBy;
-		
-		if ( behindBy < 2 ) continue;
-		
 		ci = upTo[0];
 		cq = upTo[1];
-		upTo += 2;
-		
+		upTo += 2;		
 		lastRxCounter -= 2;
 		
 		if (upTo >= dmaBuf + ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
 			upTo = dmaBuf;
-			lastRxCounter += ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
+			lastRxCounter = ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
 			AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNPR = (uint32_t) dmaBuf;
 			AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNCR = ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
-			WDT_HIT();
-			
-			// TODO: understand whether we can increase/decrease as we want or not?
-			if ( behindBy > ( 9 * ISO14443B_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE/10) ) { 
-				Dbprintf("blew circular buffer! behindBy=%d", behindBy);
-				break;
-			}
-			
-			if(!tracing) {
-				DbpString("Trace full");
+		
+			if (!tracing) {
+				if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2) DbpString("Trace full");
 				break;
 			}
 				
-			if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
-				DbpString("cancelled");
+			if (BUTTON_PRESS()) {
+				if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2) DbpString("cancelled");
 				break;
 			}
 		}
@@ -1494,7 +1619,7 @@ void RAMFUNC SnoopIso14443b(void) {
 			// no need to try decoding reader data if the tag is sending
 			if (Handle14443bReaderUartBit(ci & 0x01)) {
 
-				time_stop = (GetCountSspClk()-time_0);
+				time_stop = GetCountSspClk() - time_0;
 				
 				if (triggered)
 					LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.byteCnt, time_start, time_stop, NULL, TRUE);
@@ -1505,34 +1630,35 @@ void RAMFUNC SnoopIso14443b(void) {
 				/* false-triggered by the commands from the reader. */
 				DemodReset();
 			} else {
-				time_start = (GetCountSspClk()-time_0);
+				time_start = GetCountSspClk() - time_0;
 			}
 			
 			if (Handle14443bReaderUartBit(cq & 0x01)) {
 				
-				time_stop = (GetCountSspClk()-time_0);
+				time_stop = GetCountSspClk() - time_0;
 				
 				if (triggered)
 					LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.byteCnt, time_start, time_stop, NULL, TRUE);
 
-					/* And ready to receive another command. */
-					UartReset();
-					/* And also reset the demod code, which might have been */
-					/* false-triggered by the commands from the reader. */
-					DemodReset();
+				/* And ready to receive another command. */
+				UartReset();
+				/* And also reset the demod code, which might have been */
+				/* false-triggered by the commands from the reader. */
+				DemodReset();
 			} else {
-				time_start = (GetCountSspClk()-time_0);
+				time_start = GetCountSspClk() - time_0;
 			}
 			ReaderIsActive = (Uart.state > STATE_GOT_FALLING_EDGE_OF_SOF);
 			LED_A_OFF();
 		}
 		
-		if(!ReaderIsActive) {
+		if (!ReaderIsActive) {
 			// no need to try decoding tag data if the reader is sending - and we cannot afford the time
 			// is this | 0x01 the error?   & 0xfe  in https://github.com/Proxmark/proxmark3/issues/103
-			if(Handle14443bTagSamplesDemod(ci & 0xFE, cq & 0xFE)) {
+			// LSB is a fpga signal bit.
+			if (Handle14443bTagSamplesDemod(ci >> 1, cq >> 1)) {
 				
-				time_stop = (GetCountSspClk()-time_0);
+				time_stop = GetCountSspClk() - time_0;
 				
 				LogTrace(Demod.output, Demod.len, time_start, time_stop, NULL, FALSE);
 
@@ -1541,7 +1667,7 @@ void RAMFUNC SnoopIso14443b(void) {
 				// And ready to receive another response.
 				DemodReset();
 			} else {
-				time_start = (GetCountSspClk()-time_0);
+				time_start = GetCountSspClk() - time_0;
 			}
 			TagIsActive = (Demod.state > DEMOD_GOT_FALLING_EDGE_OF_SOF);
 		}
@@ -1550,13 +1676,12 @@ void RAMFUNC SnoopIso14443b(void) {
 	switch_off(); // Snoop
 	
 	DbpString("Snoop statistics:");
-	Dbprintf("  Max behind by: %i", maxBehindBy);
 	Dbprintf("  Uart State: %x  ByteCount: %i  ByteCountMax: %i", Uart.state,  Uart.byteCnt,  Uart.byteCntMax);
 	Dbprintf("  Trace length: %i", BigBuf_get_traceLen());
 
 	// free mem refs.
-	if ( dmaBuf ) dmaBuf = NULL;
-	if ( upTo )   upTo = NULL;
+	if ( upTo ) upTo = NULL;
+	
 	// Uart.byteCntMax  should be set with ATQB value..
 }
 
@@ -1627,7 +1752,7 @@ void SendRawCommand14443B_Ex(UsbCommand *c)
 		}
 	
 		CodeAndTransmit14443bAsReader(cmd, len); // raw		
-		GetTagSamplesFor14443bDemod(TRUE); // raw
+		GetTagSamplesFor14443bDemod(); // raw
 		
 		sendlen = MIN(Demod.len, USB_CMD_DATA_SIZE);
 		status =  (Demod.len > 0) ? 0 : 1;