git.zerfleddert.de Git - m1-debian/blob - README.md

   1 This pages explains how to install Debian on Apple Silicon machines.
   2
   3 # Tripwires
   4 The USB-A Port on the Mac Mini will not work in u-boot and grub.  The two
   5 additional USB-3 ports on the iMac 4 port model don't work in u-boot, grub
   6 and Linux. In order to install Linux on a FileVault-enabled Mac run the
   7 installer from Recovery open Disk Utility > Expanding "Macintosh HD" >
   8 Selecting locked volume > click "Mount". Debian does not include the choosen
   9 EFI patch. As a result it will always pick the first ESP partition. This can be
  10 problematic if you're using multiple ESP partitions for example when having
  11 multiple Linux and BSD installations.
  12
  13 # Artefacts
  14 If you don't want to use the prebuild artefacts, you can build them yourself
  15 using the following scripts:
  16
  17         - prepare_rust.sh - Prepares a rust installation suitable for kernel compilation
  18         - m1n1_uboot_kernel.sh - Builds m1n1, u-boot and the kernel including gpu support.
  19         - mesa.sh - Creates mesa packages
  20         - bootstrap.sh - Creates Debian root and live filesystem
  21         - meta.sh - Meta package which makes sure that we always get latest and greatest kernel.
  22
  23 # Asahi installer
  24
  25 [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/debian_asahi_installer.mp4)
  26
  27 * Poweroff your Mac. Hold and press the power button until you see a wheel chain and Options written below. Approx 20 seconds.
  28
  29 * In the boot picker, choose Options. Once loaded, open a Terminal under Utilities > Terminal
  30
  31 * Run the asahi installer and select Debian:
  32
  33         curl -sL https://tg.st/d | sh
  34
  35 * Follow the installer instructions.
  36
  37 * Once Debian is booted log in as root without password and set a root password
  38
  39         passwd
  40         pwconv
  41
  42 * Configure wifi by editing the wpa_supplicant.conf, enabling the interface and remove the # before allow-hotplug to enable it during boot.
  43
  44         vi /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
  45         ifup wlan0
  46         vi /etc/network/interfaces
  47
  48 * Reboot to see if grub was correctly installed
  49
  50         reboot
  51
  52 * Install a desktop environment for example blackbox
  53
  54         apt-get update
  55         apt-get install -y xinit blackbox xterm firefox-esr lightdm
  56
  57 * Create yourself an unprivileged user
  58
  59         useradd -m -c 'Firstname Lastname' -s /bin/bash <username>
  60         passwd <username>
  61
  62 * Optional install sshd. You can not log in as root, but only with your unprivileged user
  63
  64         apt update
  65         apt install -y openssh-server
  66
  67 * Consult the **[/root/quickstart.txt](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/files/quickstart.txt)** file to find out how to do other interesting things.
  68
  69 # Livesystem
  70
  71 [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/live.mp4)
  72
  73 * Prerequisites
  74
  75         - USB Stick. this is what this guide assumes, but it is also possible
  76           to run the Debian livesystem from another PC using m1n1 chainloading.
  77           But if you know how to do that, you probably don't need this guide.
  78         - If possible use an Ethernet Dongle, less typing.
  79
  80 * Create USB Stick with a single vfat partition on it and untar the modified Debian installer on it. Instructions for Linux:
  81
  82         # Identify the usb stick device
  83         lsblk
  84
  85         DEVICE=/dev/sdX
  86         parted -a optimal $DEVICE mklabel msdos
  87         parted -a optimal $DEVICE mkpart primary fat32 2048s 100%
  88         mkfs.vfat ${DEVICE}1
  89         mount ${DEVICE}1 /mnt
  90         curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -C /mnt -xf -
  91         umount /mnt
  92
  93 In order to format the usb stick under Macos, open the disk utility, right-click on the usb stick (usually the lowest device in the list) and select erase. Choose the following options:
  94
  95         Name: LIVE
  96         Format: MS-DOS (FAT)
  97         Scheme: Master Boot Record
  98
  99 Than open a terminal, and run the following commands:
 100
 101         sudo su -
 102         cd /Volumes/LIVE
 103         curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -xf -
 104
 105 * You need to run the asahi installer and have either an OS installed or m1n1+UEFI.
 106
 107 * If you have a EFI binary on the NVMe and want to boot from the usb stick, you need to interrupt u-boot on the countdown by pressing any key and run the following comamnd to boot from usb:
 108
 109         run bootcmd_usb0
 110
 111 * Reboot with the USB stick connected, the Debian livesystem should automatically start, if it doesn't load the kernel and initrd manually, you can use tab. For x try 0,1,2,...
 112
 113         linux (hdX,msdos1)/vmlinuz
 114         initrd (hdX,msdos1)/initrd.gz
 115         boot
 116
 117 * Log in as **root** without password.
 118
 119 * Consult the **[/root/quickstart.txt](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/files/quickstart.txt)** file to find out how to get the networking up, etc.
 120
 121 # FAQ
 122
 123 * If I install Debian, will it be easy to update the Asahi work as it develops?
 124
 125 Yes, long answer below.
 126
 127 To update the kernel to the lastest "stable" asahi branch you need to run
 128 as root:
 129
 130         apt update
 131         apt upgrade
 132
 133 For installations before 2022-12-12, see <https://thomas.glanzmann.de/asahi/README.txt>
 134
 135 Later it might be necessary to upgrade the stub parition in order to
 136 support the GPU code. As soon as that happens, I'll add the
 137 instructions and a video in order to do so, but short version is:
 138
 139         - Backup /boot/efi/EFI
 140         - Delete the old stub and efi/esp partition
 141         - Rerun the asahi installer with m1n1+u-boot option
 142         - Put the /boot/efi/EFI back
 143
 144 So, you never need to reinstall Debian. Kernel updates are easy, stub
 145 updates are a little bit more cumbersome but also seldom.