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1 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 // Copyright (C) 2010 iZsh <izsh at fail0verflow.com>
3 //
4 // This code is licensed to you under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or,
5 // at your option, any later version. See the LICENSE.txt file for the text of
6 // the license.
7 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
8 // Low frequency EM4x commands
9 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
10
11 #include <stdio.h>
12 #include <string.h>
13 #include <inttypes.h>
14 //#include "proxusb.h"
15 #include "proxmark3.h"
16 #include "ui.h"
17 #include "graph.h"
18 #include "cmdparser.h"
19 #include "cmddata.h"
20 #include "cmdlf.h"
21 #include "cmdlfem4x.h"
22
23 static int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd);
24
25 /* Read the ID of an EM410x tag.
26 * Format:
27 * 1111 1111 1 <-- standard non-repeatable header
28 * XXXX [row parity bit] <-- 10 rows of 5 bits for our 40 bit tag ID
29 * ....
30 * CCCC <-- each bit here is parity for the 10 bits above in corresponding column
31 * 0 <-- stop bit, end of tag
32 */
33 int CmdEM410xRead(const char *Cmd)
34 {
35 int i, j, clock, header, rows, bit, hithigh, hitlow, first, bit2idx, high, low;
36 int parity[4];
37 char id[11];
38 char id2[11];
39 int retested = 0;
40 uint8_t BitStream[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN];
41 high = low = 0;
42
43 /* Detect high and lows and clock */
44 for (i = 0; i < GraphTraceLen; i++)
45 {
46 if (GraphBuffer[i] > high)
47 high = GraphBuffer[i];
48 else if (GraphBuffer[i] < low)
49 low = GraphBuffer[i];
50 }
51
52 /* get clock */
53 clock = GetClock(Cmd, high, 0);
54
55 /* parity for our 4 columns */
56 parity[0] = parity[1] = parity[2] = parity[3] = 0;
57 header = rows = 0;
58
59 /* manchester demodulate */
60 bit = bit2idx = 0;
61 for (i = 0; i < (int)(GraphTraceLen / clock); i++)
62 {
63 hithigh = 0;
64 hitlow = 0;
65 first = 1;
66
67 /* Find out if we hit both high and low peaks */
68 for (j = 0; j < clock; j++)
69 {
70 if (GraphBuffer[(i * clock) + j] == high)
71 hithigh = 1;
72 else if (GraphBuffer[(i * clock) + j] == low)
73 hitlow = 1;
74
75 /* it doesn't count if it's the first part of our read
76 because it's really just trailing from the last sequence */
77 if (first && (hithigh || hitlow))
78 hithigh = hitlow = 0;
79 else
80 first = 0;
81
82 if (hithigh && hitlow)
83 break;
84 }
85
86 /* If we didn't hit both high and low peaks, we had a bit transition */
87 if (!hithigh || !hitlow)
88 bit ^= 1;
89
90 BitStream[bit2idx++] = bit;
91 }
92
93 retest:
94 /* We go till 5 before the graph ends because we'll get that far below */
95 for (i = 1; i < bit2idx - 5; i++)
96 {
97 /* Step 2: We have our header but need our tag ID */
98 if (header == 9 && rows < 10)
99 {
100 /* Confirm parity is correct */
101 if ((BitStream[i] ^ BitStream[i+1] ^ BitStream[i+2] ^ BitStream[i+3]) == BitStream[i+4])
102 {
103 /* Read another byte! */
104 sprintf(id+rows, "%x", (8 * BitStream[i]) + (4 * BitStream[i+1]) + (2 * BitStream[i+2]) + (1 * BitStream[i+3]));
105 sprintf(id2+rows, "%x", (8 * BitStream[i+3]) + (4 * BitStream[i+2]) + (2 * BitStream[i+1]) + (1 * BitStream[i]));
106 rows++;
107
108 /* Keep parity info */
109 parity[0] ^= BitStream[i];
110 parity[1] ^= BitStream[i+1];
111 parity[2] ^= BitStream[i+2];
112 parity[3] ^= BitStream[i+3];
113
114 /* Move 4 bits ahead */
115 i += 4;
116 }
117
118 /* Damn, something wrong! reset */
119 else
120 {
121 PrintAndLog("Thought we had a valid tag but failed at word %d (i=%d)", rows + 1, i);
122
123 /* Start back rows * 5 + 9 header bits, -1 to not start at same place */
124 i -= 9 + (5 * rows) - 5;
125
126 rows = header = 0;
127 }
128 }
129
130 /* Step 3: Got our 40 bits! confirm column parity */
131 else if (rows == 10)
132 {
133 /* We need to make sure our 4 bits of parity are correct and we have a stop bit */
134 if (BitStream[i] == parity[0] && BitStream[i+1] == parity[1] &&
135 BitStream[i+2] == parity[2] && BitStream[i+3] == parity[3] &&
136 BitStream[i+4] == 0)
137 {
138 /* Sweet! */
139 PrintAndLog("EM410x Tag ID: %s", id);
140 PrintAndLog("Unique Tag ID: %s", id2);
141
142 /* Stop any loops */
143 return 1;
144 }
145
146 /* Crap! Incorrect parity or no stop bit, start all over */
147 else
148 {
149 rows = header = 0;
150
151 /* Go back 59 bits (9 header bits + 10 rows at 4+1 parity) */
152 i -= 59;
153 }
154 }
155
156 /* Step 1: get our header */
157 else if (header < 9)
158 {
159 /* Need 9 consecutive 1's */
160 if (BitStream[i] == 1)
161 header++;
162
163 /* We don't have a header, not enough consecutive 1 bits */
164 else
165 header = 0;
166 }
167 }
168
169 /* if we've already retested after flipping bits, return */
170 if (retested++)
171 return 0;
172
173 /* if this didn't work, try flipping bits */
174 for (i = 0; i < bit2idx; i++)
175 BitStream[i] ^= 1;
176
177 goto retest;
178 }
179
180 /* emulate an EM410X tag
181 * Format:
182 * 1111 1111 1 <-- standard non-repeatable header
183 * XXXX [row parity bit] <-- 10 rows of 5 bits for our 40 bit tag ID
184 * ....
185 * CCCC <-- each bit here is parity for the 10 bits above in corresponding column
186 * 0 <-- stop bit, end of tag
187 */
188 int CmdEM410xSim(const char *Cmd)
189 {
190 int i, n, j, h, binary[4], parity[4];
191
192 /* clock is 64 in EM410x tags */
193 int clock = 64;
194
195 /* clear our graph */
196 ClearGraph(0);
197
198 /* write it out a few times */
199 for (h = 0; h < 4; h++)
200 {
201 /* write 9 start bits */
202 for (i = 0; i < 9; i++)
203 AppendGraph(0, clock, 1);
204
205 /* for each hex char */
206 parity[0] = parity[1] = parity[2] = parity[3] = 0;
207 for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
208 {
209 /* read each hex char */
210 sscanf(&Cmd[i], "%1x", &n);
211 for (j = 3; j >= 0; j--, n/= 2)
212 binary[j] = n % 2;
213
214 /* append each bit */
215 AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[0]);
216 AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[1]);
217 AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[2]);
218 AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[3]);
219
220 /* append parity bit */
221 AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[0] ^ binary[1] ^ binary[2] ^ binary[3]);
222
223 /* keep track of column parity */
224 parity[0] ^= binary[0];
225 parity[1] ^= binary[1];
226 parity[2] ^= binary[2];
227 parity[3] ^= binary[3];
228 }
229
230 /* parity columns */
231 AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[0]);
232 AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[1]);
233 AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[2]);
234 AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[3]);
235
236 /* stop bit */
237 AppendGraph(0, clock, 0);
238 }
239
240 /* modulate that biatch */
241 CmdManchesterMod("");
242
243 /* booyah! */
244 RepaintGraphWindow();
245
246 CmdLFSim("");
247 return 0;
248 }
249
250 /* Function is equivalent of loread + losamples + em410xread
251 * looped until an EM410x tag is detected */
252 int CmdEM410xWatch(const char *Cmd)
253 {
254 int read_h = (*Cmd == 'h');
255 do
256 {
257 CmdLFRead(read_h ? "h" : "");
258 // 2000 samples is OK for clock=64, but not clock=32. Probably want
259 // 8000 for clock=16. Don't want to go too high since old HID driver
260 // is very slow
261 // TBD: Auto-grow sample size based on detected sample rate. IE: If the
262 // rate gets lower, then grow the number of samples
263
264 // Changed by martin, 4000 x 4 = 16000,
265 // see http://www.proxmark.org/forum/viewtopic.php?pid=7235#p7235
266 CmdSamples("16000");
267 } while ( ! CmdEM410xRead(""));
268 return 0;
269 }
270
271 /* Read the transmitted data of an EM4x50 tag
272 * Format:
273 *
274 * XXXXXXXX [row parity bit (even)] <- 8 bits plus parity
275 * XXXXXXXX [row parity bit (even)] <- 8 bits plus parity
276 * XXXXXXXX [row parity bit (even)] <- 8 bits plus parity
277 * XXXXXXXX [row parity bit (even)] <- 8 bits plus parity
278 * CCCCCCCC <- column parity bits
279 * 0 <- stop bit
280 * LW <- Listen Window
281 *
282 * This pattern repeats for every block of data being transmitted.
283 * Transmission starts with two Listen Windows (LW - a modulated
284 * pattern of 320 cycles each (32/32/128/64/64)).
285 *
286 * Note that this data may or may not be the UID. It is whatever data
287 * is stored in the blocks defined in the control word First and Last
288 * Word Read values. UID is stored in block 32.
289 */
290 int CmdEM4x50Read(const char *Cmd)
291 {
292 int i, j, startblock, skip, block, start, end, low, high;
293 bool complete= false;
294 int tmpbuff[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN / 64];
295 char tmp[6];
296
297 high= low= 0;
298 memset(tmpbuff, 0, MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN / 64);
299
300 /* first get high and low values */
301 for (i = 0; i < GraphTraceLen; i++)
302 {
303 if (GraphBuffer[i] > high)
304 high = GraphBuffer[i];
305 else if (GraphBuffer[i] < low)
306 low = GraphBuffer[i];
307 }
308
309 /* populate a buffer with pulse lengths */
310 i= 0;
311 j= 0;
312 while (i < GraphTraceLen)
313 {
314 // measure from low to low
315 while ((GraphBuffer[i] > low) && (i<GraphTraceLen))
316 ++i;
317 start= i;
318 while ((GraphBuffer[i] < high) && (i<GraphTraceLen))
319 ++i;
320 while ((GraphBuffer[i] > low) && (i<GraphTraceLen))
321 ++i;
322 if (j>=(MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN/64)) {
323 break;
324 }
325 tmpbuff[j++]= i - start;
326 }
327
328 /* look for data start - should be 2 pairs of LW (pulses of 192,128) */
329 start= -1;
330 skip= 0;
331 for (i= 0; i < j - 4 ; ++i)
332 {
333 skip += tmpbuff[i];
334 if (tmpbuff[i] >= 190 && tmpbuff[i] <= 194)
335 if (tmpbuff[i+1] >= 126 && tmpbuff[i+1] <= 130)
336 if (tmpbuff[i+2] >= 190 && tmpbuff[i+2] <= 194)
337 if (tmpbuff[i+3] >= 126 && tmpbuff[i+3] <= 130)
338 {
339 start= i + 3;
340 break;
341 }
342 }
343 startblock= i + 3;
344
345 /* skip over the remainder of the LW */
346 skip += tmpbuff[i+1]+tmpbuff[i+2];
347 while (skip < MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN && GraphBuffer[skip] > low)
348 ++skip;
349 skip += 8;
350
351 /* now do it again to find the end */
352 end= start;
353 for (i += 3; i < j - 4 ; ++i)
354 {
355 end += tmpbuff[i];
356 if (tmpbuff[i] >= 190 && tmpbuff[i] <= 194)
357 if (tmpbuff[i+1] >= 126 && tmpbuff[i+1] <= 130)
358 if (tmpbuff[i+2] >= 190 && tmpbuff[i+2] <= 194)
359 if (tmpbuff[i+3] >= 126 && tmpbuff[i+3] <= 130)
360 {
361 complete= true;
362 break;
363 }
364 }
365
366 if (start >= 0)
367 PrintAndLog("Found data at sample: %i",skip);
368 else
369 {
370 PrintAndLog("No data found!");
371 PrintAndLog("Try again with more samples.");
372 return 0;
373 }
374
375 if (!complete)
376 {
377 PrintAndLog("*** Warning!");
378 PrintAndLog("Partial data - no end found!");
379 PrintAndLog("Try again with more samples.");
380 }
381
382 /* get rid of leading crap */
383 sprintf(tmp,"%i",skip);
384 CmdLtrim(tmp);
385
386 /* now work through remaining buffer printing out data blocks */
387 block= 0;
388 i= startblock;
389 while (block < 6)
390 {
391 PrintAndLog("Block %i:", block);
392 // mandemod routine needs to be split so we can call it for data
393 // just print for now for debugging
394 CmdManchesterDemod("i 64");
395 skip= 0;
396 /* look for LW before start of next block */
397 for ( ; i < j - 4 ; ++i)
398 {
399 skip += tmpbuff[i];
400 if (tmpbuff[i] >= 190 && tmpbuff[i] <= 194)
401 if (tmpbuff[i+1] >= 126 && tmpbuff[i+1] <= 130)
402 break;
403 }
404 while (GraphBuffer[skip] > low)
405 ++skip;
406 skip += 8;
407 sprintf(tmp,"%i",skip);
408 CmdLtrim(tmp);
409 start += skip;
410 block++;
411 }
412 return 0;
413 }
414
415 int CmdEM410xWrite(const char *Cmd)
416 {
417 uint64_t id = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF; // invalid id value
418 int card = 0xFF; // invalid card value
419 unsigned int clock = 0; // invalid clock value
420
421 sscanf(Cmd, "%" PRIx64 " %d %d", &id, &card, &clock);
422
423 // Check ID
424 if (id == 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) {
425 PrintAndLog("Error! ID is required.\n");
426 return 0;
427 }
428 if (id >= 0x10000000000) {
429 PrintAndLog("Error! Given EM410x ID is longer than 40 bits.\n");
430 return 0;
431 }
432
433 // Check Card
434 if (card == 0xFF) {
435 PrintAndLog("Error! Card type required.\n");
436 return 0;
437 }
438 if (card < 0) {
439 PrintAndLog("Error! Bad card type selected.\n");
440 return 0;
441 }
442
443 // Check Clock
444 if (card == 1)
445 {
446 // Default: 64
447 if (clock == 0)
448 clock = 64;
449
450 // Allowed clock rates: 16, 32 and 64
451 if ((clock != 16) && (clock != 32) && (clock != 64)) {
452 PrintAndLog("Error! Clock rate %d not valid. Supported clock rates are 16, 32 and 64.\n", clock);
453 return 0;
454 }
455 }
456 else if (clock != 0)
457 {
458 PrintAndLog("Error! Clock rate is only supported on T55x7 tags.\n");
459 return 0;
460 }
461
462 if (card == 1) {
463 PrintAndLog("Writing %s tag with UID 0x%010" PRIx64 " (clock rate: %d)", "T55x7", id, clock);
464 // NOTE: We really should pass the clock in as a separate argument, but to
465 // provide for backwards-compatibility for older firmware, and to avoid
466 // having to add another argument to CMD_EM410X_WRITE_TAG, we just store
467 // the clock rate in bits 8-15 of the card value
468 card = (card & 0xFF) | (((uint64_t)clock << 8) & 0xFF00);
469 }
470 else if (card == 0)
471 PrintAndLog("Writing %s tag with UID 0x%010" PRIx64, "T5555", id, clock);
472 else {
473 PrintAndLog("Error! Bad card type selected.\n");
474 return 0;
475 }
476
477 UsbCommand c = {CMD_EM410X_WRITE_TAG, {card, (uint32_t)(id >> 32), (uint32_t)id}};
478 SendCommand(&c);
479
480 return 0;
481 }
482
483 int CmdReadWord(const char *Cmd)
484 {
485 int Word = 16; //default to invalid word
486 UsbCommand c;
487
488 sscanf(Cmd, "%d", &Word);
489
490 if (Word > 15) {
491 PrintAndLog("Word must be between 0 and 15");
492 return 1;
493 }
494
495 PrintAndLog("Reading word %d", Word);
496
497 c.cmd = CMD_EM4X_READ_WORD;
498 c.d.asBytes[0] = 0x0; //Normal mode
499 c.arg[0] = 0;
500 c.arg[1] = Word;
501 c.arg[2] = 0;
502 SendCommand(&c);
503 return 0;
504 }
505
506 int CmdReadWordPWD(const char *Cmd)
507 {
508 int Word = 16; //default to invalid word
509 int Password = 0xFFFFFFFF; //default to blank password
510 UsbCommand c;
511
512 sscanf(Cmd, "%d %x", &Word, &Password);
513
514 if (Word > 15) {
515 PrintAndLog("Word must be between 0 and 15");
516 return 1;
517 }
518
519 PrintAndLog("Reading word %d with password %08X", Word, Password);
520
521 c.cmd = CMD_EM4X_READ_WORD;
522 c.d.asBytes[0] = 0x1; //Password mode
523 c.arg[0] = 0;
524 c.arg[1] = Word;
525 c.arg[2] = Password;
526 SendCommand(&c);
527 return 0;
528 }
529
530 int CmdWriteWord(const char *Cmd)
531 {
532 int Word = 16; //default to invalid block
533 int Data = 0xFFFFFFFF; //default to blank data
534 UsbCommand c;
535
536 sscanf(Cmd, "%x %d", &Data, &Word);
537
538 if (Word > 15) {
539 PrintAndLog("Word must be between 0 and 15");
540 return 1;
541 }
542
543 PrintAndLog("Writting word %d with data %08X", Word, Data);
544
545 c.cmd = CMD_EM4X_WRITE_WORD;
546 c.d.asBytes[0] = 0x0; //Normal mode
547 c.arg[0] = Data;
548 c.arg[1] = Word;
549 c.arg[2] = 0;
550 SendCommand(&c);
551 return 0;
552 }
553
554 int CmdWriteWordPWD(const char *Cmd)
555 {
556 int Word = 8; //default to invalid word
557 int Data = 0xFFFFFFFF; //default to blank data
558 int Password = 0xFFFFFFFF; //default to blank password
559 UsbCommand c;
560
561 sscanf(Cmd, "%x %d %x", &Data, &Word, &Password);
562
563 if (Word > 15) {
564 PrintAndLog("Word must be between 0 and 15");
565 return 1;
566 }
567
568 PrintAndLog("Writting word %d with data %08X and password %08X", Word, Data, Password);
569
570 c.cmd = CMD_EM4X_WRITE_WORD;
571 c.d.asBytes[0] = 0x1; //Password mode
572 c.arg[0] = Data;
573 c.arg[1] = Word;
574 c.arg[2] = Password;
575 SendCommand(&c);
576 return 0;
577 }
578
579
580
581 static command_t CommandTable[] =
582 {
583 {"help", CmdHelp, 1, "This help"},
584 {"em410xread", CmdEM410xRead, 1, "[clock rate] -- Extract ID from EM410x tag"},
585 {"em410xsim", CmdEM410xSim, 0, "<UID> -- Simulate EM410x tag"},
586 {"em410xwatch", CmdEM410xWatch, 0, "['h'] -- Watches for EM410x 125/134 kHz tags (option 'h' for 134)"},
587 {"em410xwrite", CmdEM410xWrite, 1, "<UID> <'0' T5555> <'1' T55x7> [clock rate] -- Write EM410x UID to T5555(Q5) or T55x7 tag, optionally setting clock rate"},
588 {"em4x50read", CmdEM4x50Read, 1, "Extract data from EM4x50 tag"},
589 {"readword", CmdReadWord, 1, "<Word> -- Read EM4xxx word data"},
590 {"readwordPWD", CmdReadWordPWD, 1, "<Word> <Password> -- Read EM4xxx word data in password mode"},
591 {"writeword", CmdWriteWord, 1, "<Data> <Word> -- Write EM4xxx word data"},
592 {"writewordPWD", CmdWriteWordPWD, 1, "<Data> <Word> <Password> -- Write EM4xxx word data in password mode"},
593 {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}
594 };
595
596 int CmdLFEM4X(const char *Cmd)
597 {
598 CmdsParse(CommandTable, Cmd);
599 return 0;
600 }
601
602 int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd)
603 {
604 CmdsHelp(CommandTable);
605 return 0;
606 }
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