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1 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 // Copyright (C) 2010 iZsh <izsh at fail0verflow.com>
3 //
4 // This code is licensed to you under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or,
5 // at your option, any later version. See the LICENSE.txt file for the text of
6 // the license.
7 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
8 // Low frequency EM4x commands
9 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
10
11 #include <stdio.h>
12 #include <string.h>
13 #include <inttypes.h>
14 #include "proxmark3.h"
15 #include "ui.h"
16 #include "util.h"
17 #include "graph.h"
18 #include "cmdparser.h"
19 #include "cmddata.h"
20 #include "cmdlf.h"
21 #include "cmdlfem4x.h"
22 #include "lfdemod.h"
23
24 char *global_em410xId;
25
26 static int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd);
27
28 int CmdEMdemodASK(const char *Cmd)
29 {
30 char cmdp = param_getchar(Cmd, 0);
31 int findone = (cmdp == '1') ? 1 : 0;
32 UsbCommand c={CMD_EM410X_DEMOD};
33 c.arg[0]=findone;
34 SendCommand(&c);
35 return 0;
36 }
37
38 /* Read the ID of an EM410x tag.
39 * Format:
40 * 1111 1111 1 <-- standard non-repeatable header
41 * XXXX [row parity bit] <-- 10 rows of 5 bits for our 40 bit tag ID
42 * ....
43 * CCCC <-- each bit here is parity for the 10 bits above in corresponding column
44 * 0 <-- stop bit, end of tag
45 */
46 int CmdEM410xRead(const char *Cmd)
47 {
48 uint32_t hi=0;
49 uint64_t lo=0;
50
51 if(!AskEm410xDemod("", &hi, &lo, false)) return 0;
52 PrintAndLog("EM410x pattern found: ");
53 printEM410x(hi, lo);
54 if (hi){
55 PrintAndLog ("EM410x XL pattern found");
56 return 0;
57 }
58 char id[12] = {0x00};
59 sprintf(id, "%010"PRIx64,lo);
60
61 global_em410xId = id;
62 return 1;
63 }
64
65 // emulate an EM410X tag
66 int CmdEM410xSim(const char *Cmd)
67 {
68 int i, n, j, binary[4], parity[4];
69
70 char cmdp = param_getchar(Cmd, 0);
71 uint8_t uid[5] = {0x00};
72
73 if (cmdp == 'h' || cmdp == 'H') {
74 PrintAndLog("Usage: lf em4x em410xsim <UID> <clock>");
75 PrintAndLog("");
76 PrintAndLog(" sample: lf em4x em410xsim 0F0368568B");
77 return 0;
78 }
79 /* clock is 64 in EM410x tags */
80 uint8_t clock = 64;
81
82 if (param_gethex(Cmd, 0, uid, 10)) {
83 PrintAndLog("UID must include 10 HEX symbols");
84 return 0;
85 }
86 param_getdec(Cmd,1, &clock);
87
88 PrintAndLog("Starting simulating UID %02X%02X%02X%02X%02X clock: %d", uid[0],uid[1],uid[2],uid[3],uid[4],clock);
89 PrintAndLog("Press pm3-button to about simulation");
90
91
92 /* clear our graph */
93 ClearGraph(0);
94
95 /* write 9 start bits */
96 for (i = 0; i < 9; i++)
97 AppendGraph(0, clock, 1);
98
99 /* for each hex char */
100 parity[0] = parity[1] = parity[2] = parity[3] = 0;
101 for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
102 {
103 /* read each hex char */
104 sscanf(&Cmd[i], "%1x", &n);
105 for (j = 3; j >= 0; j--, n/= 2)
106 binary[j] = n % 2;
107
108 /* append each bit */
109 AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[0]);
110 AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[1]);
111 AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[2]);
112 AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[3]);
113
114 /* append parity bit */
115 AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[0] ^ binary[1] ^ binary[2] ^ binary[3]);
116
117 /* keep track of column parity */
118 parity[0] ^= binary[0];
119 parity[1] ^= binary[1];
120 parity[2] ^= binary[2];
121 parity[3] ^= binary[3];
122 }
123
124 /* parity columns */
125 AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[0]);
126 AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[1]);
127 AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[2]);
128 AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[3]);
129
130 /* stop bit */
131 AppendGraph(1, clock, 0);
132
133 CmdLFSim("0"); //240 start_gap.
134 return 0;
135 }
136
137 /* Function is equivalent of lf read + data samples + em410xread
138 * looped until an EM410x tag is detected
139 *
140 * Why is CmdSamples("16000")?
141 * TBD: Auto-grow sample size based on detected sample rate. IE: If the
142 * rate gets lower, then grow the number of samples
143 * Changed by martin, 4000 x 4 = 16000,
144 * see http://www.proxmark.org/forum/viewtopic.php?pid=7235#p7235
145 */
146 int CmdEM410xWatch(const char *Cmd)
147 {
148 do {
149 if (ukbhit()) {
150 printf("\naborted via keyboard!\n");
151 break;
152 }
153
154 CmdLFRead("s");
155 getSamples("8201",true); //capture enough to get 2 complete preambles (4096*2+9)
156 } while (!CmdEM410xRead(""));
157
158 return 0;
159 }
160
161 //currently only supports manchester modulations
162 int CmdEM410xWatchnSpoof(const char *Cmd)
163 {
164 CmdEM410xWatch(Cmd);
165 PrintAndLog("# Replaying captured ID: %s",global_em410xId);
166 CmdLFaskSim("");
167 return 0;
168 }
169
170 int CmdEM410xWrite(const char *Cmd)
171 {
172 uint64_t id = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF; // invalid id value
173 int card = 0xFF; // invalid card value
174 unsigned int clock = 0; // invalid clock value
175
176 sscanf(Cmd, "%" PRIx64 " %d %d", &id, &card, &clock);
177
178 // Check ID
179 if (id == 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) {
180 PrintAndLog("Error! ID is required.\n");
181 return 0;
182 }
183 if (id >= 0x10000000000) {
184 PrintAndLog("Error! Given EM410x ID is longer than 40 bits.\n");
185 return 0;
186 }
187
188 // Check Card
189 if (card == 0xFF) {
190 PrintAndLog("Error! Card type required.\n");
191 return 0;
192 }
193 if (card < 0) {
194 PrintAndLog("Error! Bad card type selected.\n");
195 return 0;
196 }
197
198 // Check Clock
199 // Default: 64
200 if (clock == 0)
201 clock = 64;
202
203 // Allowed clock rates: 16, 32, 40 and 64
204 if ((clock != 16) && (clock != 32) && (clock != 64) && (clock != 40)) {
205 PrintAndLog("Error! Clock rate %d not valid. Supported clock rates are 16, 32, 40 and 64.\n", clock);
206 return 0;
207 }
208
209 if (card == 1) {
210 PrintAndLog("Writing %s tag with UID 0x%010" PRIx64 " (clock rate: %d)", "T55x7", id, clock);
211 // NOTE: We really should pass the clock in as a separate argument, but to
212 // provide for backwards-compatibility for older firmware, and to avoid
213 // having to add another argument to CMD_EM410X_WRITE_TAG, we just store
214 // the clock rate in bits 8-15 of the card value
215 card = (card & 0xFF) | ((clock << 8) & 0xFF00);
216 } else if (card == 0) {
217 PrintAndLog("Writing %s tag with UID 0x%010" PRIx64, "T5555", id, clock);
218 card = (card & 0xFF) | ((clock << 8) & 0xFF00);
219 } else {
220 PrintAndLog("Error! Bad card type selected.\n");
221 return 0;
222 }
223
224 UsbCommand c = {CMD_EM410X_WRITE_TAG, {card, (uint32_t)(id >> 32), (uint32_t)id}};
225 SendCommand(&c);
226
227 return 0;
228 }
229
230 bool EM_EndParityTest(uint8_t *BitStream, size_t size, uint8_t rows, uint8_t cols, uint8_t pType)
231 {
232 if (rows*cols>size) return false;
233 uint8_t colP=0;
234 //assume last col is a parity and do not test
235 for (uint8_t colNum = 0; colNum < cols-1; colNum++) {
236 for (uint8_t rowNum = 0; rowNum < rows; rowNum++) {
237 colP ^= BitStream[(rowNum*cols)+colNum];
238 }
239 if (colP != pType) return false;
240 }
241 return true;
242 }
243
244 bool EM_ByteParityTest(uint8_t *BitStream, size_t size, uint8_t rows, uint8_t cols, uint8_t pType)
245 {
246 if (rows*cols>size) return false;
247 uint8_t rowP=0;
248 //assume last row is a parity row and do not test
249 for (uint8_t rowNum = 0; rowNum < rows-1; rowNum++) {
250 for (uint8_t colNum = 0; colNum < cols; colNum++) {
251 rowP ^= BitStream[(rowNum*cols)+colNum];
252 }
253 if (rowP != pType) return false;
254 }
255 return true;
256 }
257
258 uint32_t OutputEM4x50_Block(uint8_t *BitStream, size_t size, bool verbose, bool pTest)
259 {
260 if (size<45) return 0;
261 uint32_t code = bytebits_to_byte(BitStream,8);
262 code = code<<8 | bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+9,8);
263 code = code<<8 | bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+18,8);
264 code = code<<8 | bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+27,8);
265 if (verbose || g_debugMode){
266 for (uint8_t i = 0; i<5; i++){
267 if (i == 4) PrintAndLog(""); //parity byte spacer
268 PrintAndLog("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d -> 0x%02x",
269 BitStream[i*9],
270 BitStream[i*9+1],
271 BitStream[i*9+2],
272 BitStream[i*9+3],
273 BitStream[i*9+4],
274 BitStream[i*9+5],
275 BitStream[i*9+6],
276 BitStream[i*9+7],
277 BitStream[i*9+8],
278 bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+i*9,8)
279 );
280 }
281 if (pTest)
282 PrintAndLog("Parity Passed");
283 else
284 PrintAndLog("Parity Failed");
285 }
286 return code;
287 }
288 /* Read the transmitted data of an EM4x50 tag
289 * Format:
290 *
291 * XXXXXXXX [row parity bit (even)] <- 8 bits plus parity
292 * XXXXXXXX [row parity bit (even)] <- 8 bits plus parity
293 * XXXXXXXX [row parity bit (even)] <- 8 bits plus parity
294 * XXXXXXXX [row parity bit (even)] <- 8 bits plus parity
295 * CCCCCCCC <- column parity bits
296 * 0 <- stop bit
297 * LW <- Listen Window
298 *
299 * This pattern repeats for every block of data being transmitted.
300 * Transmission starts with two Listen Windows (LW - a modulated
301 * pattern of 320 cycles each (32/32/128/64/64)).
302 *
303 * Note that this data may or may not be the UID. It is whatever data
304 * is stored in the blocks defined in the control word First and Last
305 * Word Read values. UID is stored in block 32.
306 */
307 //completed by Marshmellow
308 int EM4x50Read(const char *Cmd, bool verbose)
309 {
310 uint8_t fndClk[] = {8,16,32,40,50,64,128};
311 int clk = 0;
312 int invert = 0;
313 int tol = 0;
314 int i, j, startblock, skip, block, start, end, low, high, minClk;
315 bool complete = false;
316 int tmpbuff[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN / 64];
317 uint32_t Code[6];
318 char tmp[6];
319 char tmp2[20];
320 int phaseoff;
321 high = low = 0;
322 memset(tmpbuff, 0, MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN / 64);
323
324 // get user entry if any
325 sscanf(Cmd, "%i %i", &clk, &invert);
326
327 // save GraphBuffer - to restore it later
328 save_restoreGB(1);
329
330 // first get high and low values
331 for (i = 0; i < GraphTraceLen; i++) {
332 if (GraphBuffer[i] > high)
333 high = GraphBuffer[i];
334 else if (GraphBuffer[i] < low)
335 low = GraphBuffer[i];
336 }
337
338 i = 0;
339 j = 0;
340 minClk = 255;
341 // get to first full low to prime loop and skip incomplete first pulse
342 while ((GraphBuffer[i] < high) && (i < GraphTraceLen))
343 ++i;
344 while ((GraphBuffer[i] > low) && (i < GraphTraceLen))
345 ++i;
346 skip = i;
347
348 // populate tmpbuff buffer with pulse lengths
349 while (i < GraphTraceLen) {
350 // measure from low to low
351 while ((GraphBuffer[i] > low) && (i < GraphTraceLen))
352 ++i;
353 start= i;
354 while ((GraphBuffer[i] < high) && (i < GraphTraceLen))
355 ++i;
356 while ((GraphBuffer[i] > low) && (i < GraphTraceLen))
357 ++i;
358 if (j>=(MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN/64)) {
359 break;
360 }
361 tmpbuff[j++]= i - start;
362 if (i-start < minClk && i < GraphTraceLen) {
363 minClk = i - start;
364 }
365 }
366 // set clock
367 if (!clk) {
368 for (uint8_t clkCnt = 0; clkCnt<7; clkCnt++) {
369 tol = fndClk[clkCnt]/8;
370 if (minClk >= fndClk[clkCnt]-tol && minClk <= fndClk[clkCnt]+1) {
371 clk=fndClk[clkCnt];
372 break;
373 }
374 }
375 if (!clk) return 0;
376 } else tol = clk/8;
377
378 // look for data start - should be 2 pairs of LW (pulses of clk*3,clk*2)
379 start = -1;
380 for (i= 0; i < j - 4 ; ++i) {
381 skip += tmpbuff[i];
382 if (tmpbuff[i] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i] <= clk*3+tol) //3 clocks
383 if (tmpbuff[i+1] >= clk*2-tol && tmpbuff[i+1] <= clk*2+tol) //2 clocks
384 if (tmpbuff[i+2] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i+2] <= clk*3+tol) //3 clocks
385 if (tmpbuff[i+3] >= clk-tol) //1.5 to 2 clocks - depends on bit following
386 {
387 start= i + 4;
388 break;
389 }
390 }
391 startblock = i + 4;
392
393 // skip over the remainder of LW
394 skip += tmpbuff[i+1] + tmpbuff[i+2] + clk;
395 if (tmpbuff[i+3]>clk)
396 phaseoff = tmpbuff[i+3]-clk;
397 else
398 phaseoff = 0;
399 // now do it again to find the end
400 end = skip;
401 for (i += 3; i < j - 4 ; ++i) {
402 end += tmpbuff[i];
403 if (tmpbuff[i] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i] <= clk*3+tol) //3 clocks
404 if (tmpbuff[i+1] >= clk*2-tol && tmpbuff[i+1] <= clk*2+tol) //2 clocks
405 if (tmpbuff[i+2] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i+2] <= clk*3+tol) //3 clocks
406 if (tmpbuff[i+3] >= clk-tol) //1.5 to 2 clocks - depends on bit following
407 {
408 complete= true;
409 break;
410 }
411 }
412 end = i;
413 // report back
414 if (verbose || g_debugMode) {
415 if (start >= 0) {
416 PrintAndLog("\nNote: one block = 50 bits (32 data, 12 parity, 6 marker)");
417 } else {
418 PrintAndLog("No data found!, clock tried:%d",clk);
419 PrintAndLog("Try again with more samples.");
420 PrintAndLog(" or after a 'data askedge' command to clean up the read");
421 return 0;
422 }
423 } else if (start < 0) return 0;
424 start = skip;
425 snprintf(tmp2, sizeof(tmp2),"%d %d 1000 %d", clk, invert, clk*47);
426 // get rid of leading crap
427 snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%i", skip);
428 CmdLtrim(tmp);
429 bool pTest;
430 bool AllPTest = true;
431 // now work through remaining buffer printing out data blocks
432 block = 0;
433 i = startblock;
434 while (block < 6) {
435 if (verbose || g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("\nBlock %i:", block);
436 skip = phaseoff;
437
438 // look for LW before start of next block
439 for ( ; i < j - 4 ; ++i) {
440 skip += tmpbuff[i];
441 if (tmpbuff[i] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i] <= clk*3+tol)
442 if (tmpbuff[i+1] >= clk-tol)
443 break;
444 }
445 if (i >= j-4) break; //next LW not found
446 skip += clk;
447 if (tmpbuff[i+1]>clk)
448 phaseoff = tmpbuff[i+1]-clk;
449 else
450 phaseoff = 0;
451 i += 2;
452 if (ASKDemod(tmp2, false, false, 1) < 1) {
453 save_restoreGB(0);
454 return 0;
455 }
456 //set DemodBufferLen to just one block
457 DemodBufferLen = skip/clk;
458 //test parities
459 pTest = EM_ByteParityTest(DemodBuffer,DemodBufferLen,5,9,0);
460 pTest &= EM_EndParityTest(DemodBuffer,DemodBufferLen,5,9,0);
461 AllPTest &= pTest;
462 //get output
463 Code[block] = OutputEM4x50_Block(DemodBuffer,DemodBufferLen,verbose, pTest);
464 if (g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("\nskipping %d samples, bits:%d", skip, skip/clk);
465 //skip to start of next block
466 snprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),"%i",skip);
467 CmdLtrim(tmp);
468 block++;
469 if (i >= end) break; //in case chip doesn't output 6 blocks
470 }
471 //print full code:
472 if (verbose || g_debugMode || AllPTest){
473 if (!complete) {
474 PrintAndLog("*** Warning!");
475 PrintAndLog("Partial data - no end found!");
476 PrintAndLog("Try again with more samples.");
477 }
478 PrintAndLog("Found data at sample: %i - using clock: %i", start, clk);
479 end = block;
480 for (block=0; block < end; block++){
481 PrintAndLog("Block %d: %08x",block,Code[block]);
482 }
483 if (AllPTest) {
484 PrintAndLog("Parities Passed");
485 } else {
486 PrintAndLog("Parities Failed");
487 PrintAndLog("Try cleaning the read samples with 'data askedge'");
488 }
489 }
490
491 //restore GraphBuffer
492 save_restoreGB(0);
493 return (int)AllPTest;
494 }
495
496 int CmdEM4x50Read(const char *Cmd)
497 {
498 return EM4x50Read(Cmd, true);
499 }
500
501 int CmdReadWord(const char *Cmd)
502 {
503 int Word = -1; //default to invalid word
504 UsbCommand c;
505
506 sscanf(Cmd, "%d", &Word);
507
508 if ( (Word > 15) | (Word < 0) ) {
509 PrintAndLog("Word must be between 0 and 15");
510 return 1;
511 }
512
513 PrintAndLog("Reading word %d", Word);
514
515 c.cmd = CMD_EM4X_READ_WORD;
516 c.d.asBytes[0] = 0x0; //Normal mode
517 c.arg[0] = 0;
518 c.arg[1] = Word;
519 c.arg[2] = 0;
520 SendCommand(&c);
521 return 0;
522 }
523
524 int CmdReadWordPWD(const char *Cmd)
525 {
526 int Word = -1; //default to invalid word
527 int Password = 0xFFFFFFFF; //default to blank password
528 UsbCommand c;
529
530 sscanf(Cmd, "%d %x", &Word, &Password);
531
532 if ( (Word > 15) | (Word < 0) ) {
533 PrintAndLog("Word must be between 0 and 15");
534 return 1;
535 }
536
537 PrintAndLog("Reading word %d with password %08X", Word, Password);
538
539 c.cmd = CMD_EM4X_READ_WORD;
540 c.d.asBytes[0] = 0x1; //Password mode
541 c.arg[0] = 0;
542 c.arg[1] = Word;
543 c.arg[2] = Password;
544 SendCommand(&c);
545 return 0;
546 }
547
548 int CmdWriteWord(const char *Cmd)
549 {
550 int Word = 16; //default to invalid block
551 int Data = 0xFFFFFFFF; //default to blank data
552 UsbCommand c;
553
554 sscanf(Cmd, "%x %d", &Data, &Word);
555
556 if (Word > 15) {
557 PrintAndLog("Word must be between 0 and 15");
558 return 1;
559 }
560
561 PrintAndLog("Writing word %d with data %08X", Word, Data);
562
563 c.cmd = CMD_EM4X_WRITE_WORD;
564 c.d.asBytes[0] = 0x0; //Normal mode
565 c.arg[0] = Data;
566 c.arg[1] = Word;
567 c.arg[2] = 0;
568 SendCommand(&c);
569 return 0;
570 }
571
572 int CmdWriteWordPWD(const char *Cmd)
573 {
574 int Word = 16; //default to invalid word
575 int Data = 0xFFFFFFFF; //default to blank data
576 int Password = 0xFFFFFFFF; //default to blank password
577 UsbCommand c;
578
579 sscanf(Cmd, "%x %d %x", &Data, &Word, &Password);
580
581 if (Word > 15) {
582 PrintAndLog("Word must be between 0 and 15");
583 return 1;
584 }
585
586 PrintAndLog("Writing word %d with data %08X and password %08X", Word, Data, Password);
587
588 c.cmd = CMD_EM4X_WRITE_WORD;
589 c.d.asBytes[0] = 0x1; //Password mode
590 c.arg[0] = Data;
591 c.arg[1] = Word;
592 c.arg[2] = Password;
593 SendCommand(&c);
594 return 0;
595 }
596
597 static command_t CommandTable[] =
598 {
599 {"help", CmdHelp, 1, "This help"},
600 {"em410xdemod", CmdEMdemodASK, 0, "[findone] -- Extract ID from EM410x tag (option 0 for continuous loop, 1 for only 1 tag)"},
601 {"em410xread", CmdEM410xRead, 1, "[clock rate] -- Extract ID from EM410x tag in GraphBuffer"},
602 {"em410xsim", CmdEM410xSim, 0, "<UID> [clock rate] -- Simulate EM410x tag"},
603 {"em410xwatch", CmdEM410xWatch, 0, "['h'] -- Watches for EM410x 125/134 kHz tags (option 'h' for 134)"},
604 {"em410xspoof", CmdEM410xWatchnSpoof, 0, "['h'] --- Watches for EM410x 125/134 kHz tags, and replays them. (option 'h' for 134)" },
605 {"em410xwrite", CmdEM410xWrite, 0, "<UID> <'0' T5555> <'1' T55x7> [clock rate] -- Write EM410x UID to T5555(Q5) or T55x7 tag, optionally setting clock rate"},
606 {"em4x50read", CmdEM4x50Read, 1, "Extract data from EM4x50 tag"},
607 {"readword", CmdReadWord, 1, "<Word> -- Read EM4xxx word data"},
608 {"readwordPWD", CmdReadWordPWD, 1, "<Word> <Password> -- Read EM4xxx word data in password mode"},
609 {"writeword", CmdWriteWord, 1, "<Data> <Word> -- Write EM4xxx word data"},
610 {"writewordPWD", CmdWriteWordPWD, 1, "<Data> <Word> <Password> -- Write EM4xxx word data in password mode"},
611 {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}
612 };
613
614 int CmdLFEM4X(const char *Cmd)
615 {
616 CmdsParse(CommandTable, Cmd);
617 return 0;
618 }
619
620 int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd)
621 {
622 CmdsHelp(CommandTable);
623 return 0;
624 }
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