git.zerfleddert.de Git - proxmark3-svn/blob - client/util.c

   1 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   2 // Copyright (C) 2010 iZsh <izsh at fail0verflow.com>
   3 //
   4 // This code is licensed to you under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or,
   5 // at your option, any later version. See the LICENSE.txt file for the text of
   6 // the license.
   7 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   8 // utilities
   9 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  10
  11 #include "util.h"
  12
  13 #include <stdint.h>
  14 #include <inttypes.h>
  15 #include <string.h>
  16 #include <ctype.h>
  17 #include <stdlib.h>
  18 #include <stdio.h>
  19 #include <time.h>
  20 #include <stdarg.h>
  21
  22 #ifdef _WIN32
  23 #include <windows.h>
  24 #endif
  25
  26 #define MAX_BIN_BREAK_LENGTH   (3072+384+1)
  27
  28 #ifndef _WIN32
  29 #include <termios.h>
  30 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  31 #include <unistd.h>
  32
  33 int ukbhit(void)
  34 {
  35   int cnt = 0;
  36   int error;
  37   static struct termios Otty, Ntty;
  38
  39   if ( tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &Otty) == -1 ) return -1;
  40   Ntty = Otty;
  41
  42   Ntty.c_iflag          = 0x0000;   // input mode
  43   Ntty.c_oflag          = 0x0000;   // output mode
  44   Ntty.c_lflag         &= ~ICANON;  // control mode = raw
  45   Ntty.c_cc[VMIN]       = 1;        // return if at least 1 character is in the queue
  46   Ntty.c_cc[VTIME]      = 0;        // no timeout. Wait forever
  47
  48   if (0 == (error = tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &Ntty))) {   // set new attributes
  49         error += ioctl(STDIN_FILENO, FIONREAD, &cnt);                 // get number of characters availabe
  50         error += tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &Otty);             // reset attributes
  51   }
  52
  53   return cnt;
  54 }
  55
  56 char getch(void)
  57 {
  58         char c;
  59         int error;
  60         struct termios Otty, Ntty;
  61         if ( tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &Otty) == -1 ) return -1;
  62         Ntty = Otty;
  63         Ntty.c_lflag &= ~ICANON; /* disable buffered i/o */
  64         if (0 == (error = tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &Ntty))) {   // set new attributes
  65                 c = getchar();
  66                 error += tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &Otty);           // reset attributes
  67         }
  68         return ( error == 0 ? c : -1 );
  69 }
  70
  71 #else // _WIN32
  72
  73 #include <conio.h>
  74 int ukbhit(void) {
  75         return kbhit();
  76 }
  77 #endif
  78
  79 // log files functions
  80 void AddLogLine(char *file, char *extData, char *c) {
  81         FILE *fLog = NULL;
  82         char filename[FILE_PATH_SIZE] = {0x00};
  83         int len = 0;
  84
  85         len = strlen(file);
  86         if (len > FILE_PATH_SIZE) len = FILE_PATH_SIZE;
  87         memcpy(filename, file, len);
  88
  89         fLog = fopen(filename, "a");
  90         if (!fLog) {
  91                 printf("Could not append log file %s", filename);
  92                 return;
  93         }
  94
  95         fprintf(fLog, "%s", extData);
  96         fprintf(fLog, "%s\n", c);
  97         fclose(fLog);
  98 }
  99
 100 void AddLogHex(char *fileName, char *extData, const uint8_t * data, const size_t len){
 101         AddLogLine(fileName, extData, sprint_hex(data, len));
 102 }
 103
 104 void AddLogUint64(char *fileName, char *extData, const uint64_t data) {
 105   char buf[100] = {0};
 106         sprintf(buf, "%x%x", (unsigned int)((data & 0xFFFFFFFF00000000) >> 32), (unsigned int)(data & 0xFFFFFFFF));
 107         AddLogLine(fileName, extData, buf);
 108 }
 109
 110 void AddLogCurrentDT(char *fileName) {
 111         char buff[20];
 112         struct tm *curTime;
 113
 114         time_t now = time(0);
 115         curTime = gmtime(&now);
 116
 117         strftime (buff, sizeof(buff), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", curTime);
 118         AddLogLine(fileName, "\nanticollision: ", buff);
 119 }
 120
 121 void FillFileNameByUID(char *fileName, uint8_t *uid, char *ext, int byteCount) {
 122         char * fnameptr = fileName;
 123
 124         for (int j = 0; j < byteCount; j++, fnameptr += 2)
 125                 sprintf(fnameptr, "%02x", (unsigned int) uid[j]);
 126         sprintf(fnameptr, "%s", ext);
 127 }
 128
 129 // fill buffer from structure [{uint8_t data, size_t length},...]
 130 int FillBuffer(uint8_t *data, size_t maxDataLength, size_t *dataLength, ...) {
 131         *dataLength = 0;
 132         va_list valist;
 133         va_start(valist, dataLength);
 134
 135         uint8_t *vdata = NULL;
 136         size_t vlength = 0;
 137         do{
 138                 vdata = va_arg(valist, uint8_t *);
 139                 if (!vdata)
 140                         break;
 141
 142                 vlength = va_arg(valist, size_t);
 143                 if (*dataLength + vlength >  maxDataLength) {
 144                         va_end(valist);
 145                         return 1;
 146                 }
 147
 148                 memcpy(&data[*dataLength], vdata, vlength);
 149                 *dataLength += vlength;
 150
 151         } while (vdata);
 152
 153         va_end(valist);
 154
 155         return 0;
 156 }
 157
 158 bool CheckStringIsHEXValue(const char *value) {
 159         for (int i = 0; i < strlen(value); i++)
 160                 if (!isxdigit(value[i]))
 161                         return false;
 162
 163         if (strlen(value) % 2)
 164                 return false;
 165
 166         return true;
 167 }
 168
 169 void hex_to_buffer(const uint8_t *buf, const uint8_t *hex_data, const size_t hex_len, const size_t hex_max_len,
 170         const size_t min_str_len, const size_t spaces_between, bool uppercase) {
 171
 172         char *tmp = (char *)buf;
 173
 174         int maxLen = (hex_len > hex_max_len) ? hex_max_len : hex_len;
 175
 176         for (int i = 0; i < maxLen; ++i, tmp += 2 + spaces_between) {
 177                 sprintf(tmp, (uppercase) ? "%02X" : "%02x", (unsigned int) hex_data[i]);
 178
 179                 if (i != maxLen - 1)
 180                         for (int j = 0; j < spaces_between; j++)
 181                                 sprintf(tmp + 2 + j, " ");
 182         }
 183
 184         size_t len = strlen(tmp);
 185         int minStrLen = min_str_len > len ? min_str_len : 0;
 186         if (minStrLen > hex_max_len)
 187                 minStrLen = hex_max_len;
 188         for (int i = len; i < minStrLen; i++, tmp += 1)
 189                 sprintf(tmp, " ");
 190
 191         return;
 192 }
 193
 194 // printing and converting functions
 195
 196 char *sprint_hex(const uint8_t *data, const size_t len) {
 197         static char buf[4097] = {0};
 198
 199         hex_to_buffer((uint8_t *)buf, data, len, sizeof(buf) - 1, 0, 1, false);
 200
 201         return buf;
 202 }
 203
 204 char *sprint_hex_inrow_ex(const uint8_t *data, const size_t len, const size_t min_str_len) {
 205         static char buf[4097] = {0};
 206
 207         hex_to_buffer((uint8_t *)buf, data, len, sizeof(buf) - 1, min_str_len, 0, false);
 208
 209         return buf;
 210 }
 211
 212 char *sprint_hex_inrow(const uint8_t *data, const size_t len) {
 213         return sprint_hex_inrow_ex(data, len, 0);
 214 }
 215
 216 char *sprint_bin_break(const uint8_t *data, const size_t len, const uint8_t breaks) {
 217         // make sure we don't go beyond our char array memory
 218         int max_len;
 219         if (breaks==0)
 220                 max_len = ( len > MAX_BIN_BREAK_LENGTH ) ? MAX_BIN_BREAK_LENGTH : len;
 221         else
 222                 max_len = ( len+(len/breaks) > MAX_BIN_BREAK_LENGTH ) ? MAX_BIN_BREAK_LENGTH : len+(len/breaks);
 223
 224         static char buf[MAX_BIN_BREAK_LENGTH]; // 3072 + end of line characters if broken at 8 bits
 225         //clear memory
 226         memset(buf, 0x00, sizeof(buf));
 227         char *tmp = buf;
 228
 229         size_t in_index = 0;
 230         // loop through the out_index to make sure we don't go too far
 231         for (size_t out_index=0; out_index < max_len; out_index++) {
 232                 // set character - (should be binary but verify it isn't more than 1 digit)
 233                 if (data[in_index]<10)
 234                         sprintf(tmp++, "%u", (unsigned int) data[in_index]);
 235                 // check if a line break is needed and we have room to print it in our array
 236                 if ( (breaks > 0) && !((in_index+1) % breaks) && (out_index+1 < max_len) ) {
 237                         // increment and print line break
 238                         out_index++;
 239                         sprintf(tmp++, "%s","\n");
 240                 }
 241                 in_index++;
 242         }
 243
 244         return buf;
 245 }
 246
 247 char *sprint_bin(const uint8_t *data, const size_t len) {
 248         return sprint_bin_break(data, len, 0);
 249 }
 250
 251 char *sprint_ascii_ex(const uint8_t *data, const size_t len, const size_t min_str_len) {
 252         static char buf[1024];
 253         char *tmp = buf;
 254         memset(buf, 0x00, 1024);
 255         size_t max_len = (len > 1010) ? 1010 : len;
 256         size_t i = 0;
 257         while(i < max_len){
 258                 char c = data[i];
 259                 tmp[i] = ((c < 32) || (c == 127)) ? '.' : c;
 260                 ++i;
 261         }
 262
 263         int minStrLen = min_str_len > i ? min_str_len : 0;
 264         for(; i < minStrLen; ++i)
 265                 tmp[i] = ' ';
 266
 267         return buf;
 268 }
 269
 270 char *sprint_ascii(const uint8_t *data, const size_t len) {
 271         return sprint_ascii_ex(data, len, 0);
 272 }
 273
 274 void num_to_bytes(uint64_t n, size_t len, uint8_t* dest)
 275 {
 276         while (len--) {
 277                 dest[len] = (uint8_t) n;
 278                 n >>= 8;
 279         }
 280 }
 281
 282 uint64_t bytes_to_num(uint8_t* src, size_t len)
 283 {
 284         uint64_t num = 0;
 285         while (len--)
 286         {
 287                 num = (num << 8) | (*src);
 288                 src++;
 289         }
 290         return num;
 291 }
 292
 293 void num_to_bytebits(uint64_t   n, size_t len, uint8_t *dest) {
 294         while (len--) {
 295                 dest[len] = n & 1;
 296                 n >>= 1;
 297         }
 298 }
 299
 300 //least significant bit first
 301 void num_to_bytebitsLSBF(uint64_t n, size_t len, uint8_t *dest) {
 302         for(int i = 0 ; i < len ; ++i) {
 303                 dest[i] =  n & 1;
 304                 n >>= 1;
 305         }
 306 }
 307
 308 // Swap bit order on a uint32_t value.  Can be limited by nrbits just use say 8bits reversal
 309 // And clears the rest of the bits.
 310 uint32_t SwapBits(uint32_t value, int nrbits) {
 311         uint32_t newvalue = 0;
 312         for(int i = 0; i < nrbits; i++) {
 313                 newvalue ^= ((value >> i) & 1) << (nrbits - 1 - i);
 314         }
 315         return newvalue;
 316 }
 317
 318 // aa,bb,cc,dd,ee,ff,gg,hh, ii,jj,kk,ll,mm,nn,oo,pp
 319 // to
 320 // hh,gg,ff,ee,dd,cc,bb,aa, pp,oo,nn,mm,ll,kk,jj,ii
 321 // up to 64 bytes or 512 bits
 322 uint8_t *SwapEndian64(const uint8_t *src, const size_t len, const uint8_t blockSize){
 323         static uint8_t buf[64];
 324         memset(buf, 0x00, 64);
 325         for (uint8_t block=0; block < (uint8_t)(len/blockSize); block++){
 326                 for (size_t i = 0; i < blockSize; i++){
 327                         buf[i+(blockSize*block)] = src[(blockSize-1-i)+(blockSize*block)];
 328                 }
 329         }
 330         return buf;
 331 }
 332
 333 //assumes little endian
 334 char *printBits(size_t const size, void const * const ptr)
 335 {
 336         unsigned char *b = (unsigned char*) ptr;
 337         unsigned char byte;
 338         static char buf[1024];
 339         char *tmp = buf;
 340         int i, j;
 341
 342         for (i=size-1;i>=0;i--)
 343         {
 344                 for (j=7;j>=0;j--)
 345                 {
 346                         byte = b[i] & (1<<j);
 347                         byte >>= j;
 348                         sprintf(tmp, "%u", (unsigned int)byte);
 349                         tmp++;
 350                 }
 351         }
 352         return buf;
 353 }
 354
 355 char *printBitsPar(const uint8_t *b, size_t len) {
 356         static char buf1[512] = {0};
 357         static char buf2[512] = {0};
 358         static char *buf;
 359         if (buf != buf1)
 360                 buf = buf1;
 361         else
 362                 buf = buf2;
 363         memset(buf, 0x00, 512);
 364
 365         for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 366                 buf[i] = ((b[i / 8] << (i % 8)) & 0x80) ? '1':'0';
 367         }
 368         return buf;
 369 }
 370
 371
 372 //  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 373 //  string parameters lib
 374 //  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 375
 376 //  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 377 //  line     - param line
 378 //  bg, en   - symbol numbers in param line of beginning and ending parameter
 379 //  paramnum - param number (from 0)
 380 //  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 381 int param_getptr(const char *line, int *bg, int *en, int paramnum)
 382 {
 383         int i;
 384         int len = strlen(line);
 385
 386         *bg = 0;
 387         *en = 0;
 388
 389   // skip spaces
 390         while (line[*bg] ==' ' || line[*bg]=='\t') (*bg)++;
 391         if (*bg >= len) {
 392                 return 1;
 393         }
 394
 395         for (i = 0; i < paramnum; i++) {
 396                 while (line[*bg]!=' ' && line[*bg]!='\t' && line[*bg] != '\0') (*bg)++;
 397                 while (line[*bg]==' ' || line[*bg]=='\t') (*bg)++;
 398
 399                 if (line[*bg] == '\0') return 1;
 400         }
 401
 402         *en = *bg;
 403         while (line[*en] != ' ' && line[*en] != '\t' && line[*en] != '\0') (*en)++;
 404
 405         (*en)--;
 406
 407         return 0;
 408 }
 409
 410
 411 int param_getlength(const char *line, int paramnum)
 412 {
 413         int bg, en;
 414
 415         if (param_getptr(line, &bg, &en, paramnum)) return 0;
 416
 417         return en - bg + 1;
 418 }
 419
 420 char param_getchar(const char *line, int paramnum) {
 421         return param_getchar_indx(line, 0, paramnum);
 422 }
 423
 424 char param_getchar_indx(const char *line, int indx, int paramnum) {
 425         int bg, en;
 426
 427         if (param_getptr(line, &bg, &en, paramnum)) return 0x00;
 428
 429         if (bg + indx > en)
 430                 return '\0';
 431
 432         return line[bg + indx];
 433 }
 434
 435 uint8_t param_get8(const char *line, int paramnum)
 436 {
 437         return param_get8ex(line, paramnum, 0, 10);
 438 }
 439
 440 /**
 441  * @brief Reads a decimal integer (actually, 0-254, not 255)
 442  * @param line
 443  * @param paramnum
 444  * @return -1 if error
 445  */
 446 uint8_t param_getdec(const char *line, int paramnum, uint8_t *destination)
 447 {
 448         uint8_t val =  param_get8ex(line, paramnum, 255, 10);
 449         if( (int8_t) val == -1) return 1;
 450         (*destination) = val;
 451         return 0;
 452 }
 453 /**
 454  * @brief Checks if param is decimal
 455  * @param line
 456  * @param paramnum
 457  * @return
 458  */
 459 uint8_t param_isdec(const char *line, int paramnum)
 460 {
 461         int bg, en;
 462         //TODO, check more thorougly
 463         if (!param_getptr(line, &bg, &en, paramnum)) return 1;
 464                 //      return strtoul(&line[bg], NULL, 10) & 0xff;
 465
 466         return 0;
 467 }
 468
 469 uint8_t param_get8ex(const char *line, int paramnum, int deflt, int base)
 470 {
 471         int bg, en;
 472
 473         if (!param_getptr(line, &bg, &en, paramnum))
 474                 return strtoul(&line[bg], NULL, base) & 0xff;
 475         else
 476                 return deflt;
 477 }
 478
 479 uint32_t param_get32ex(const char *line, int paramnum, int deflt, int base)
 480 {
 481         int bg, en;
 482
 483         if (!param_getptr(line, &bg, &en, paramnum))
 484                 return strtoul(&line[bg], NULL, base);
 485         else
 486                 return deflt;
 487 }
 488
 489 uint64_t param_get64ex(const char *line, int paramnum, int deflt, int base)
 490 {
 491         int bg, en;
 492
 493         if (!param_getptr(line, &bg, &en, paramnum))
 494                 return strtoull(&line[bg], NULL, base);
 495         else
 496                 return deflt;
 497 }
 498
 499 int param_gethex(const char *line, int paramnum, uint8_t *data, int hexcnt)
 500 {
 501         int bg, en, temp, i;
 502
 503         if (hexcnt % 2)
 504                 return 1;
 505
 506         if (param_getptr(line, &bg, &en, paramnum)) return 1;
 507
 508         if (en - bg + 1 != hexcnt)
 509                 return 1;
 510
 511         for(i = 0; i < hexcnt; i += 2) {
 512                 if (!(isxdigit((unsigned char)line[bg + i]) && isxdigit((unsigned char)line[bg + i + 1])) ) return 1;
 513
 514                 sscanf((char[]){line[bg + i], line[bg + i + 1], 0}, "%X", &temp);
 515                 data[i / 2] = temp & 0xff;
 516         }
 517
 518         return 0;
 519 }
 520
 521 int param_gethex_ex(const char *line, int paramnum, uint8_t *data, int *hexcnt)
 522 {
 523         int bg, en, temp, i;
 524
 525         //if (hexcnt % 2)
 526         //  return 1;
 527
 528         if (param_getptr(line, &bg, &en, paramnum)) return 1;
 529
 530         if (en - bg + 1 > *hexcnt) return 1;
 531
 532         *hexcnt = en - bg + 1;
 533         if (*hexcnt % 2) //error if not complete hex bytes
 534                 return 1;
 535
 536         for(i = 0; i < *hexcnt; i += 2) {
 537                 if (!(isxdigit((unsigned char)line[bg + i]) && isxdigit((unsigned char)line[bg + i + 1])) ) return 1;
 538
 539                 sscanf((char[]){line[bg + i], line[bg + i + 1], 0}, "%X", &temp);
 540                 data[i / 2] = temp & 0xff;
 541         }
 542
 543         return 0;
 544 }
 545
 546 int param_gethex_to_eol(const char *line, int paramnum, uint8_t * data, int maxdatalen, int *datalen) {
 547         int bg, en;
 548         uint32_t temp;
 549         char buf[5] = {0};
 550
 551         if (param_getptr(line, &bg, &en, paramnum)) return 1;
 552
 553         *datalen = 0;
 554
 555         int indx = bg;
 556         while (line[indx]) {
 557                 if (line[indx] == '\t' || line[indx] == ' ') {
 558                         indx++;
 559                         continue;
 560                 }
 561
 562                 if (isxdigit((unsigned char)line[indx])) {
 563                         buf[strlen(buf) + 1] = 0x00;
 564                         buf[strlen(buf)] = line[indx];
 565                 } else {
 566                         // if we have symbols other than spaces and hex
 567                         return 1;
 568                 }
 569
 570                 if (*datalen >= maxdatalen) {
 571                         // if we dont have space in buffer and have symbols to translate
 572                         return 2;
 573                 }
 574
 575                 if (strlen(buf) >= 2) {
 576                         sscanf(buf, "%" SCNx32, &temp);
 577                         data[*datalen] = (uint8_t)(temp & 0xff);
 578                         *buf = 0;
 579                         (*datalen)++;
 580                 }
 581
 582                 indx++;
 583         }
 584
 585         if (strlen(buf) > 0)
 586                 //error when not completed hex bytes
 587                 return 3;
 588
 589         return 0;
 590 }
 591
 592 int param_getstr(const char *line, int paramnum, char * str, size_t buffersize)
 593 {
 594         int bg, en;
 595
 596         if (param_getptr(line, &bg, &en, paramnum)) {
 597                 return 0;
 598         }
 599
 600         // Prevent out of bounds errors
 601         if (en - bg + 1 >= buffersize) {
 602                 printf("out of bounds error: want %d bytes have %zd bytes\n", en - bg + 1 + 1, buffersize);
 603                 return 0;
 604         }
 605
 606         memcpy(str, line + bg, en - bg + 1);
 607         str[en - bg + 1] = 0;
 608
 609         return en - bg + 1;
 610 }
 611
 612 /*
 613 The following methods comes from Rfidler sourcecode.
 614 https://github.com/ApertureLabsLtd/RFIDler/blob/master/firmware/Pic32/RFIDler.X/src/
 615 */
 616
 617 // convert hex to sequence of 0/1 bit values
 618 // returns number of bits converted
 619 int hextobinarray(char *target, char *source)
 620 {
 621         int length, i, count= 0;
 622         char* start = source;
 623         char x;
 624
 625         length = strlen(source);
 626         // process 4 bits (1 hex digit) at a time
 627         while(length--)
 628         {
 629                 x= *(source++);
 630                 // capitalize
 631                 if (x >= 'a' && x <= 'f')
 632                         x -= 32;
 633                 // convert to numeric value
 634                 if (x >= '0' && x <= '9')
 635                         x -= '0';
 636                 else if (x >= 'A' && x <= 'F')
 637                         x -= 'A' - 10;
 638                 else {
 639                         printf("Discovered unknown character %c %d at idx %tu of %s\n", x, x, source - start, start);
 640                         return 0;
 641                 }
 642                 // output
 643                 for(i= 0 ; i < 4 ; ++i, ++count)
 644                         *(target++)= (x >> (3 - i)) & 1;
 645         }
 646
 647         return count;
 648 }
 649
 650 // convert binary array of 0x00/0x01 values to hex (safe to do in place as target will always be shorter than source)
 651 // return number of bits converted
 652 int binarraytohex(char *target,char *source, int length)
 653 {
 654         unsigned char i, x;
 655         int j = length;
 656
 657         if(j % 4)
 658                 return 0;
 659
 660         while(j)
 661         {
 662                 for(i= x= 0 ; i < 4 ; ++i)
 663                         x +=  ( source[i] << (3 - i));
 664                 sprintf(target,"%X", (unsigned int)x);
 665                 ++target;
 666                 source += 4;
 667                 j -= 4;
 668         }
 669         return length;
 670 }
 671
 672 // return parity bit required to match type
 673 uint8_t GetParity( uint8_t *bits, uint8_t type, int length)
 674 {
 675         int x;
 676
 677         for(x= 0 ; length > 0 ; --length)
 678                 x += bits[length - 1];
 679         x %= 2;
 680
 681         return x ^ type;
 682 }
 683
 684 // add HID parity to binary array: EVEN prefix for 1st half of ID, ODD suffix for 2nd half
 685 void wiegand_add_parity(uint8_t *target, uint8_t *source, uint8_t length)
 686 {
 687         *(target++)= GetParity(source, EVEN, length / 2);
 688         memcpy(target, source, length);
 689         target += length;
 690         *(target)= GetParity(source + length / 2, ODD, length / 2);
 691 }
 692
 693 // xor two arrays together for len items.  The dst array contains the new xored values.
 694 void xor(unsigned char *dst, unsigned char *src, size_t len) {
 695    for( ; len > 0; len--,dst++,src++)
 696            *dst ^= *src;
 697 }
 698
 699 // RotateLeft - Ultralight, Desfire, works on byte level
 700 // 00-01-02  >> 01-02-00
 701 void rol(uint8_t *data, const size_t len){
 702         uint8_t first = data[0];
 703         for (size_t i = 0; i < len-1; i++) {
 704                 data[i] = data[i+1];
 705         }
 706         data[len-1] = first;
 707 }
 708
 709
 710 // Replace unprintable characters with a dot in char buffer
 711 void clean_ascii(unsigned char *buf, size_t len) {
 712   for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 713         if (!isprint(buf[i]))
 714           buf[i] = '.';
 715   }
 716 }
 717
 718 // replace \r \n to \0
 719 void strcleanrn(char *buf, size_t len) {
 720         strcreplace(buf, len, '\n', '\0');
 721         strcreplace(buf, len, '\r', '\0');
 722 }
 723
 724 // replace char in buffer
 725 void strcreplace(char *buf, size_t len, char from, char to) {
 726   for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 727         if (buf[i] == from)
 728           buf[i] = to;
 729   }
 730 }
 731
 732 char *strmcopy(char *buf) {
 733         char * str = NULL;
 734         if ((str = (char*) malloc(strlen(buf) + 1)) != NULL) {
 735                 memset(str, 0, strlen(buf) + 1);
 736                 strcpy(str, buf);
 737         }
 738         return str;
 739 }
 740
 741
 742 // determine number of logical CPU cores (use for multithreaded functions)
 743 extern int num_CPUs(void)
 744 {
 745 #if defined(_WIN32)
 746         #include <sysinfoapi.h>
 747         SYSTEM_INFO sysinfo;
 748         GetSystemInfo(&sysinfo);
 749         return sysinfo.dwNumberOfProcessors;
 750 #elif defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__)
 751         #include <unistd.h>
 752         return sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
 753 #else
 754         return 1;
 755 #endif
 756 }
 757