git.zerfleddert.de Git - m1-debian/blob - README.md

   1 This pages explains how to install Debian on Apple Silicon machines.
   2
   3 # Tripwires
   4 The USB-A Port on the Mac Mini will not work in u-boot and grub.  The two
   5 additional USB-3 ports on the iMac 4 port model don't work in u-boot, grub
   6 and Linux. In order to install Linux on a FileVault-enabled Mac run the
   7 installer from Recovery open Disk Utility > Expanding "Macintosh HD" >
   8 Selecting locked volume > click "Mount".
   9
  10 # This installation is not suited to be mixed with other ASAHI or BSD installations until further investiation.
  11
  12 # Artefacts
  13 If you don't want to use the prebuild artefacts, you can build them yourself using the [bootstrap.sh](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/bootstrap.sh) script.
  14
  15 # Asahi installer
  16
  17 [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/debian_asahi_installer.mp4)
  18
  19 * Poweroff your Mac. Hold and press the power button until you see a wheel chain and Options written below. Approx 20 seconds.
  20
  21 * In the boot picker, choose Options. Once loaded, open a Terminal under Utilities > Terminal
  22
  23 * Run the asahi installer and select Debian:
  24
  25         curl -sL https://tg.st/d | sh
  26
  27 * Follow the installer instructions.
  28
  29 * Once Debian is booted log in as root without password and set a root password
  30
  31         passwd
  32         pwconv
  33
  34 * Configure wifi by editing the wpa_supplicant.conf, enabling the interface and remove the # before allow-hotplug to enable it during boot.
  35
  36         vi /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
  37         ifup wlp1s0f0
  38         vi /etc/network/interfaces
  39
  40 * Reboot to see if grub was correctly installed
  41
  42         reboot
  43
  44 * Install a desktop environment for example blackbox
  45
  46         apt-get install -y xinit blackbox xterm firefox-esr lightdm
  47
  48 * Create yourself an unprivileged user
  49
  50         useradd -m -c 'Firstname Lastname' -s /bin/bash <username>
  51         passwd <username>
  52
  53 * Optional install sshd. You can not log in as root, but only with your unprivileged user
  54
  55         apt update
  56         apt install -y openssh-server
  57
  58 * Consult the **[/root/quickstart.txt](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/files/quickstart.txt)** file to find out how to do other interesting things.
  59
  60 # Livesystem
  61
  62 [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/live.mp4)
  63
  64 * Prerequisites
  65
  66         - USB Stick. this is what this guide assumes, but it is also possible
  67           to run the Debian livesystem from another PC using m1n1 chainloading.
  68           But if you know how to do that, you probably don't need this guide.
  69         - If possible use an Ethernet Dongle, less typing.
  70
  71 * Create USB Stick with a single vfat partition on it and untar the modified Debian installer on it. Instructions for Linux:
  72
  73         # Identify the usb stick device
  74         lsblk
  75
  76         DEVICE=/dev/sdX
  77         parted -a optimal $DEVICE mklabel msdos
  78         parted -a optimal $DEVICE mkpart primary fat32 2048s 100%
  79         mkfs.vfat ${DEVICE}1
  80         mount ${DEVICE}1 /mnt
  81         curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -C /mnt -xf -
  82         umount /mnt
  83
  84 In order to format the usb stick under Macos, open the disk utility, right-click on the usb stick (usually the lowest device in the list) and select erase. Choose the following options:
  85
  86         Name: LIVE
  87         Format: MS-DOS (FAT)
  88         Scheme: Master Boot Record
  89
  90 Than open a terminal, and run the following commands:
  91
  92         sudo su -
  93         cd /Volumes/LIVE
  94         curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -xf -
  95
  96 * You need to run the asahi installer and have either an OS installed or m1n1+UEFI.
  97
  98 * If you have a EFI binary on the NVMe and want to boot from the usb stick, you need to interrupt u-boot on the countdown by pressing any key and run the following comamnd to boot from usb:
  99
 100         run bootcmd_usb0
 101
 102 * Reboot with the USB stick connected, the Debian livesystem should automatically start, if it doesn't load the kernel and initrd manually, you can use tab. For x try 0,1,2,...
 103
 104         linux (hdX,msdos1)/vmlinuz
 105         initrd (hdX,msdos1)/initrd.gz
 106         boot
 107
 108 * Log in as **root** without password.
 109
 110 * Consult the **[/root/quickstart.txt](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/files/quickstart.txt)** file to find out how to get the networking up, etc.
 111
 112 # FAQ
 113
 114 *  If I install Debian, will it still be relatively easy to update the Asahi work as it develops?
 115
 116 Yes, long answer below.
 117
 118 To update the kernel to the lastest "stable" asahi branch you need to run
 119 as root:
 120
 121         curl -sL https://tg.st/u/ksh | bash
 122
 123 Later it might be necessary to upgrade the stub parition in order to
 124 support the GPU code. As soon as that happens, I'll add the
 125 instructions and a video in order to do so, but short version is:
 126
 127         - Backup /boot/efi/EFI
 128         - Delete the old stub and efi/esp partition
 129         - Rerun the asahi installer with m1n1+u-boot option
 130         - Put the /boot/efi/EFI back
 131
 132 So, you never need to reinstall Debian. Kernel updates are easy, stub
 133 updates are a little bit more cumbersome but also seldom.