git.zerfleddert.de Git - m1-debian/blob - README.md

   1 This pages explains how to install Debian on Apple Silicon machines.
   2
   3 # Tripwires
   4 The USB-A Port on the Mac Mini will not work in u-boot and grub.  The two
   5 additional USB-3 ports on the iMac 4 port model also don't work in u-boot, grub
   6 and Linux. In order to install Linux on a FileVault-enabled Mac run the
   7 installer from Recovery open Disk Utility > Expanding "Macintosh HD" >
   8 Selecting locked volume > click "Mount".
   9
  10 # Artefacts
  11 If you don't want to use the prebuild artefacts, you can build them yourself using the [bootstrap.sh](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/bootstrap.sh) script.
  12
  13 # Asahi installer
  14
  15 [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/debian_asahi_installer.mp4)
  16
  17 * Poweroff your Mac. Hold and press the power button until you see a wheel chain and Options written below. Approx 20 seconds.
  18
  19 * In the boot picker, choose Options. Once loaded, open a Terminal under Utilities > Terminal
  20
  21 * Run the asahi installer and select Debian:
  22
  23         curl -sL tg.st/d | sh
  24
  25 * Follow the installer instructions.
  26
  27 * Once Debian is booted log in as root without password and set a root password
  28
  29         passwd
  30         pwconv
  31
  32 * Configure wifi by editing the wpa_supplicant.conf, enabling the interface and remove the # before allow-hotplug to enable it during boot.
  33
  34         vi /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
  35         ifup wlp1s0f0
  36         vi /etc/network/interfaces
  37
  38 * Reboot to see if grub was correctly installed
  39
  40         reboot
  41
  42 * Install a desktop environment for example blackbox
  43
  44         apt-get install -y xinit blackbox xterm firefox-esr lightdm
  45
  46 * Create yourself an unprivileged user
  47
  48         useradd -m -c 'Firstname Lastname' -s /bin/bash <username>
  49         passwd <username>
  50
  51 * Optional install sshd. You can not log in as root, but only with your unprivileged user
  52
  53         apt update
  54         apt install -y openssh-server
  55
  56 # Livesystem
  57 [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/live.mp4)
  58 * Prerequisites
  59
  60     * USB Stick. this is what this guide assumes, but it is also possible to run the Debian installer from another PC using m1n1 chainloading. But if you know how to do that, you probably don't need this guide.
  61     * If possible use an Ethernet Dongle, less typing.
  62
  63 * Create USB Stick with a single vfat partition on it and untar the modified Debian installer on it. Instructions for Linux:
  64
  65         # Identify the usb stick device
  66         lsblk
  67         DEVICE=/dev/sdX
  68         parted -a optimal $DEVICE mklabel msdos
  69         parted -a optimal $DEVICE mkpart primary fat32 2048s 100%
  70         mkfs.vfat ${DEVICE}1
  71
  72         mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt
  73         cd /mnt
  74         curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -xf -
  75         umount /mnt
  76
  77 In order to format the usb stick under Macos, open the disk utility, right-click on the usb stick (usually the lowest device in the list) and select erase. Choose the following options:
  78
  79         Name: LIVE
  80         Format: MS-DOS (FAT)
  81         Scheme: Master Boot Record
  82
  83 Than open a terminal, and run the following commands:
  84
  85         sudo su -
  86         cd /Volumes/LIVE
  87         curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -xf -
  88
  89 * You need to run the asahi installer and have either an OS installed or m1n1+UEFI.
  90
  91 * If you have a EFI binary on the NVMe and want to boot from the usb stick, you need to interrupt u-boot on the countdoun by pressing any key and run the following comamnd to boot from usb:
  92
  93         run bootcmd_usb0
  94
  95 * Reboot with the USB stick connected, the Debian livesystem should automatically start, if it doesn't load the kernel and initrd manually, you can use tab. For x try 0,1,2,...
  96
  97         linux (hdX,msdos1)/vmlinuz
  98         initrd (hdX,msdos1)/initrd.gz
  99         boot
 100
 101 * Log in as **root** without password.
 102
 103 * Consult the **[/root/quickstart.txt](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/files/quickstart.txt)** file to find out how to get the networking up, etc.
 104
 105 # FAQ
 106
 107 *  If I install Debian, will it still be relatively easy to update the Asahi work as it develops?
 108
 109 Yes, long answer below.
 110
 111 To update the kernel to the lastest "stable" asahi branch you need to run
 112 as root:
 113
 114         curl -sL tg.st/u/ksh | bash
 115
 116 Later it might be necessary to upgrade the stub parition in order to
 117 support the GPU code. As soon as that happens, I'll add the
 118 instructions and a video in order to do so, but short version is:
 119
 120         - Backup /boot/efi/EFI
 121         - Delete the old stub and efi/esp partition
 122         - Rerun the asahi installer with m1n1+u-boot option
 123         - Put the /boot/efi/EFI back
 124
 125 So, you never need to reinstall Debian. Kernel updates are easy, stub
 126 updates are a little bit more cumbersome but also seldom.