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1 This pages explains how to install Debian on Apple Silicon machines.
2
3 # Tripwires
4 The USB-A Port on the Mac Mini will not work in u-boot and grub. The two
5 additional USB-3 ports on the iMac 4 port model also don't work in u-boot, grub
6 and Linux. In order to install Linux on a FileVault-enabled Mac run the
7 installer from Recovery open Disk Utility > Expanding "Macintosh HD" >
8 Selecting locked volume > click "Mount".
9
10 # Artefacts
11 If you don't want to use the prebuild artefacts, you can build them yourself using the [bootstrap.sh](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/bootstrap.sh) script.
12
13 # Asahi installer
14
15 [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/debian_asahi_installer.mp4)
16
17 * Poweroff your Mac. Hold and press the power button until you see a wheel chain and Options written below. Approx 20 seconds.
18
19 * In the boot picker, choose Options. Once loaded, open a Terminal under Utilities > Terminal
20
21 * Run the asahi installer and select Debian:
22
23 curl -sL https://tg.st/d | sh
24
25 * Follow the installer instructions.
26
27 * Once Debian is booted log in as root without password and set a root password
28
29 passwd
30 pwconv
31
32 * Configure wifi by editing the wpa_supplicant.conf, enabling the interface and remove the # before allow-hotplug to enable it during boot.
33
34 vi /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
35 ifup wlp1s0f0
36 vi /etc/network/interfaces
37
38 * Reboot to see if grub was correctly installed
39
40 reboot
41
42 * Install a desktop environment for example blackbox
43
44 apt-get install -y xinit blackbox xterm firefox-esr lightdm
45
46 * Create yourself an unprivileged user
47
48 useradd -m -c 'Firstname Lastname' -s /bin/bash <username>
49 passwd <username>
50
51 * Optional install sshd. You can not log in as root, but only with your unprivileged user
52
53 apt update
54 apt install -y openssh-server
55
56 * Consult the **[/root/quickstart.txt](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/files/quickstart.txt)** file to find out how to do other interesting things.
57
58 # Livesystem
59 [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/live.mp4)
60 * Prerequisites
61
62 - USB Stick. this is what this guide assumes, but it is also possible
63 to run the Debian installer from another PC using m1n1 chainloading.
64 But if you know how to do that, you probably don't need this guide.
65 - If possible use an Ethernet Dongle, less typing.
66
67 * Create USB Stick with a single vfat partition on it and untar the modified Debian installer on it. Instructions for Linux:
68
69 # Identify the usb stick device
70 lsblk
71 DEVICE=/dev/sdX
72 parted -a optimal $DEVICE mklabel msdos
73 parted -a optimal $DEVICE mkpart primary fat32 2048s 100%
74 mkfs.vfat ${DEVICE}1
75
76 mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt
77 cd /mnt
78 curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -xf -
79 umount /mnt
80
81 In order to format the usb stick under Macos, open the disk utility, right-click on the usb stick (usually the lowest device in the list) and select erase. Choose the following options:
82
83 Name: LIVE
84 Format: MS-DOS (FAT)
85 Scheme: Master Boot Record
86
87 Than open a terminal, and run the following commands:
88
89 sudo su -
90 cd /Volumes/LIVE
91 curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -xf -
92
93 * You need to run the asahi installer and have either an OS installed or m1n1+UEFI.
94
95 * If you have a EFI binary on the NVMe and want to boot from the usb stick, you need to interrupt u-boot on the countdoun by pressing any key and run the following comamnd to boot from usb:
96
97 run bootcmd_usb0
98
99 * Reboot with the USB stick connected, the Debian livesystem should automatically start, if it doesn't load the kernel and initrd manually, you can use tab. For x try 0,1,2,...
100
101 linux (hdX,msdos1)/vmlinuz
102 initrd (hdX,msdos1)/initrd.gz
103 boot
104
105 * Log in as **root** without password.
106
107 * Consult the **[/root/quickstart.txt](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/files/quickstart.txt)** file to find out how to get the networking up, etc.
108
109 # FAQ
110
111 * If I install Debian, will it still be relatively easy to update the Asahi work as it develops?
112
113 Yes, long answer below.
114
115 To update the kernel to the lastest "stable" asahi branch you need to run
116 as root:
117
118 curl -sL https://tg.st/u/ksh | bash
119
120 Later it might be necessary to upgrade the stub parition in order to
121 support the GPU code. As soon as that happens, I'll add the
122 instructions and a video in order to do so, but short version is:
123
124 - Backup /boot/efi/EFI
125 - Delete the old stub and efi/esp partition
126 - Rerun the asahi installer with m1n1+u-boot option
127 - Put the /boot/efi/EFI back
128
129 So, you never need to reinstall Debian. Kernel updates are easy, stub
130 updates are a little bit more cumbersome but also seldom.
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