git.zerfleddert.de Git - proxmark3-svn/blob - client/cmdhftopaz.c

   1 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   2 // Copyright (C) 2015 Piwi
   3 //
   4 // This code is licensed to you under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or,
   5 // at your option, any later version. See the LICENSE.txt file for the text of
   6 // the license.
   7 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   8 // High frequency Topaz (NFC Type 1) commands
   9 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  10
  11 #include <stdio.h>
  12 #include <stdlib.h>
  13 #include <string.h>
  14 #include <unistd.h>
  15 #include "cmdmain.h"
  16 #include "cmdparser.h"
  17 #include "cmdhftopaz.h"
  18 #include "cmdhf14a.h"
  19 #include "ui.h"
  20 #include "mifare.h"
  21 #include "proxmark3.h"
  22 #include "iso14443crc.h"
  23 #include "protocols.h"
  24
  25 #define TOPAZ_STATIC_MEMORY     (0x0f * 8)              // 15 blocks with 8 Bytes each
  26
  27 // a struct to describe a memory area which contains lock bits and the corresponding lockable memory area
  28 typedef struct dynamic_lock_area {
  29         struct dynamic_lock_area *next;
  30         uint16_t        byte_offset;                    // the address of the lock bits
  31         uint16_t        size_in_bits;
  32         uint16_t        first_locked_byte;              // the address of the lockable area
  33         uint16_t        bytes_locked_per_bit;
  34 } dynamic_lock_area_t;
  35
  36
  37 static struct {
  38         uint8_t HR01[2];
  39         uint8_t uid[7];
  40         uint16_t size;
  41         uint8_t data_blocks[TOPAZ_STATIC_MEMORY/8][8];  // this memory is always there
  42         uint8_t *dynamic_memory;                                                // this memory can be there
  43         dynamic_lock_area_t *dynamic_lock_areas;                // lock area descriptors
  44 } topaz_tag;
  45
  46
  47 static void topaz_switch_on_field(void)
  48 {
  49         UsbCommand c = {CMD_READER_ISO_14443a, {ISO14A_CONNECT | ISO14A_NO_SELECT | ISO14A_NO_DISCONNECT | ISO14A_TOPAZMODE, 0, 0}};
  50         SendCommand(&c);
  51 }
  52
  53
  54 static void topaz_switch_off_field(void)
  55 {
  56         UsbCommand c = {CMD_READER_ISO_14443a, {0, 0, 0}};
  57         SendCommand(&c);
  58 }
  59
  60
  61 // send a raw topaz command, returns the length of the response (0 in case of error)
  62 static int topaz_send_cmd_raw(uint8_t *cmd, uint8_t len, uint8_t *response)
  63 {
  64         UsbCommand c = {CMD_READER_ISO_14443a, {ISO14A_RAW | ISO14A_NO_DISCONNECT | ISO14A_TOPAZMODE, len, 0}};
  65         memcpy(c.d.asBytes, cmd, len);
  66         SendCommand(&c);
  67
  68         UsbCommand resp;
  69         WaitForResponse(CMD_ACK, &resp);
  70
  71         if (resp.arg[0] > 0) {
  72                 memcpy(response, resp.d.asBytes, resp.arg[0]);
  73         }
  74
  75         return resp.arg[0];
  76 }
  77
  78
  79 // calculate CRC bytes and send topaz command, returns the length of the response (0 in case of error)
  80 static int topaz_send_cmd(uint8_t *cmd, uint8_t len, uint8_t *response)
  81 {
  82         if (len > 1) {
  83         uint8_t first, second;
  84                 ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_B, cmd, len-2, &first, &second);
  85         cmd[len-2] = first;
  86         cmd[len-1] = second;
  87         }
  88
  89         return topaz_send_cmd_raw(cmd, len, response);
  90 }
  91
  92
  93 // select a topaz tag. Send WUPA and RID.
  94 static int topaz_select(uint8_t *atqa, uint8_t *rid_response)
  95 {
  96         // ToDo: implement anticollision
  97
  98         uint8_t wupa_cmd[] = {TOPAZ_WUPA};
  99         uint8_t rid_cmd[] = {TOPAZ_RID, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
 100
 101         topaz_switch_on_field();
 102
 103         if (!topaz_send_cmd(wupa_cmd, sizeof(wupa_cmd), atqa)) {
 104                 topaz_switch_off_field();
 105                 return -1;              // WUPA failed
 106         }
 107
 108         if (!topaz_send_cmd(rid_cmd, sizeof(rid_cmd), rid_response)) {
 109                 topaz_switch_off_field();
 110                 return -2;              // RID failed
 111         }
 112
 113         return 0;               // OK
 114 }
 115
 116
 117 // read all of the static memory of a selected Topaz tag.
 118 static int topaz_rall(uint8_t *uid, uint8_t *response)
 119 {
 120         uint8_t rall_cmd[] = {TOPAZ_RALL, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
 121
 122         memcpy(&rall_cmd[3], uid, 4);
 123         if (!topaz_send_cmd(rall_cmd, sizeof(rall_cmd), response)) {
 124                 topaz_switch_off_field();
 125                 return -1;              // RALL failed
 126         }
 127
 128         return 0;
 129 }
 130
 131
 132 // read a block (8 Bytes) of a selected Topaz tag.
 133 static int topaz_read_block(uint8_t *uid, uint8_t blockno, uint8_t *block_data)
 134 {
 135         uint8_t read8_cmd[] = {TOPAZ_READ8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
 136         uint8_t read8_response[11];
 137
 138         read8_cmd[1] = blockno;
 139         memcpy(&read8_cmd[10], uid, 4);
 140         if (!topaz_send_cmd(read8_cmd, sizeof(read8_cmd), read8_response)) {
 141                 topaz_switch_off_field();
 142                 return -1;              // READ8 failed
 143         }
 144
 145         memcpy(block_data, &read8_response[1], 8);
 146
 147         return 0;
 148 }
 149
 150
 151 // read a segment (16 blocks = 128 Bytes) of a selected Topaz tag. Works only for tags with dynamic memory.
 152 static int topaz_read_segment(uint8_t *uid, uint8_t segno, uint8_t *segment_data)
 153 {
 154         uint8_t rseg_cmd[] = {TOPAZ_RSEG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
 155         uint8_t rseg_response[131];
 156
 157         rseg_cmd[1] = segno << 4;
 158         memcpy(&rseg_cmd[10], uid, 4);
 159         if (!topaz_send_cmd(rseg_cmd, sizeof(rseg_cmd), rseg_response)) {
 160                 topaz_switch_off_field();
 161                 return -1;              // RSEG failed
 162         }
 163
 164         memcpy(segment_data, &rseg_response[1], 128);
 165
 166         return 0;
 167 }
 168
 169
 170 // search for the lock area descriptor for the lockable area including byteno
 171 static dynamic_lock_area_t *get_dynamic_lock_area(uint16_t byteno)
 172 {
 173         dynamic_lock_area_t *lock_area;
 174
 175         lock_area = topaz_tag.dynamic_lock_areas;
 176
 177         while (lock_area != NULL) {
 178                 if (byteno < lock_area->first_locked_byte) {
 179                         lock_area = lock_area->next;
 180                 } else {
 181                         return lock_area;
 182                 }
 183         }
 184
 185         return NULL;
 186 }
 187
 188
 189 // check if a memory byte is locked.
 190 static bool topaz_byte_is_locked(uint16_t byteno)
 191 {
 192         uint8_t *lockbits;
 193         uint16_t locked_bytes_per_bit;
 194         dynamic_lock_area_t *lock_area;
 195
 196         if (byteno < TOPAZ_STATIC_MEMORY) {
 197                 lockbits = &topaz_tag.data_blocks[0x0e][0];
 198                 locked_bytes_per_bit = 8;
 199         } else {
 200                 lock_area = get_dynamic_lock_area(byteno);
 201                 if (lock_area == NULL) {
 202                         return false;
 203                 } else {
 204                         lockbits = &topaz_tag.dynamic_memory[lock_area->byte_offset - TOPAZ_STATIC_MEMORY];
 205                         locked_bytes_per_bit = lock_area->bytes_locked_per_bit;
 206                         byteno = byteno - lock_area->first_locked_byte;
 207                 }
 208         }
 209
 210         uint16_t blockno = byteno / locked_bytes_per_bit;
 211         if(lockbits[blockno/8] & (0x01 << (blockno % 8))) {
 212                 return true;
 213         } else {
 214                 return false;
 215         }
 216 }
 217
 218
 219 // read and print the Capability Container
 220 static int topaz_print_CC(uint8_t *data)
 221 {
 222         if(data[0] != 0xe1) {
 223                 topaz_tag.size = TOPAZ_STATIC_MEMORY;
 224                 return -1;              // no NDEF message
 225         }
 226
 227         PrintAndLog("Capability Container: %02x %02x %02x %02x", data[0], data[1], data[2], data[3]);
 228         PrintAndLog("  %02x: NDEF Magic Number", data[0]);
 229         PrintAndLog("  %02x: version %d.%d supported by tag", data[1], (data[1] & 0xF0) >> 4, data[1] & 0x0f);
 230         uint16_t memsize = (data[2] + 1) * 8;
 231         topaz_tag.size = memsize;
 232         topaz_tag.dynamic_memory = malloc(memsize - TOPAZ_STATIC_MEMORY);
 233         PrintAndLog("  %02x: Physical Memory Size of this tag: %d bytes", data[2], memsize);
 234         PrintAndLog("  %02x: %s / %s", data[3],
 235                                 (data[3] & 0xF0) ? "(RFU)" : "Read access granted without any security",
 236                                 (data[3] & 0x0F)==0 ? "Write access granted without any security" : (data[3] & 0x0F)==0x0F ? "No write access granted at all" : "(RFU)");
 237         return 0;
 238 }
 239
 240
 241 // return type, length and value of a TLV, starting at memory position *TLV_ptr
 242 static void get_TLV(uint8_t **TLV_ptr, uint8_t *TLV_type, uint16_t *TLV_length, uint8_t **TLV_value)
 243 {
 244         *TLV_length = 0;
 245         *TLV_value = NULL;
 246
 247         *TLV_type = **TLV_ptr;
 248         *TLV_ptr += 1;
 249         switch (*TLV_type) {
 250                 case 0x00:                      // NULL TLV.
 251                 case 0xFE:                      // Terminator TLV.
 252                         break;
 253                 case 0x01:                      // Lock Control TLV
 254                 case 0x02:                      // Reserved Memory TLV
 255                 case 0x03:                      // NDEF message TLV
 256                 case 0xFD:                      // proprietary TLV
 257                         *TLV_length = **TLV_ptr;
 258                         *TLV_ptr += 1;
 259                         if (*TLV_length == 0xff) {
 260                                 *TLV_length = **TLV_ptr << 8;
 261                                 *TLV_ptr += 1;
 262                                 *TLV_length |= **TLV_ptr;
 263                                 *TLV_ptr += 1;
 264                         }
 265                         *TLV_value = *TLV_ptr;
 266                         *TLV_ptr += *TLV_length;
 267                         break;
 268                 default:                        // RFU
 269                         break;
 270         }
 271 }
 272
 273
 274 // lock area TLVs contain no information on the start of the respective lockable area. Lockable areas
 275 // do not include the lock bits and reserved memory. We therefore need to adjust the start of the
 276 // respective lockable areas accordingly
 277 static void adjust_lock_areas(uint16_t block_start, uint16_t block_size)
 278 {
 279         dynamic_lock_area_t *lock_area = topaz_tag.dynamic_lock_areas;
 280         while (lock_area != NULL) {
 281                 if (lock_area->first_locked_byte <= block_start) {
 282                         lock_area->first_locked_byte += block_size;
 283                 }
 284                 lock_area = lock_area->next;
 285         }
 286 }
 287
 288
 289 // read and print the lock area and reserved memory TLVs
 290 static void topaz_print_control_TLVs(uint8_t *memory)
 291 {
 292         uint8_t *TLV_ptr = memory;
 293         uint8_t TLV_type = 0;
 294         uint16_t TLV_length;
 295         uint8_t *TLV_value;
 296         bool lock_TLV_present = false;
 297         bool reserved_memory_control_TLV_present = false;
 298         uint16_t next_lockable_byte = 0x0f * 8;                         // first byte after static memory area
 299
 300         while(*TLV_ptr != 0x03 && *TLV_ptr != 0xFD && *TLV_ptr != 0xFE) {
 301                 // all Lock Control TLVs shall be present before the NDEF message TLV, the proprietary TLV (and the Terminator TLV)
 302                 get_TLV(&TLV_ptr, &TLV_type, &TLV_length, &TLV_value);
 303                 if (TLV_type == 0x01) {                 // a Lock Control TLV
 304                         uint8_t pages_addr = TLV_value[0] >> 4;
 305                         uint8_t byte_offset = TLV_value[0] & 0x0f;
 306                         uint16_t size_in_bits = TLV_value[1] ? TLV_value[1] : 256;
 307                         uint16_t size_in_bytes = (size_in_bits + 7)/8;
 308                         uint16_t bytes_per_page = 1 << (TLV_value[2] & 0x0f);
 309                         uint16_t bytes_locked_per_bit = 1 << (TLV_value[2] >> 4);
 310                         uint16_t area_start = pages_addr * bytes_per_page + byte_offset;
 311                         PrintAndLog("Lock Area of %d bits at byte offset 0x%04x. Each Lock Bit locks %d bytes.",
 312                                                 size_in_bits,
 313                                                 area_start,
 314                                                 bytes_locked_per_bit);
 315                         lock_TLV_present = true;
 316                         dynamic_lock_area_t *old = topaz_tag.dynamic_lock_areas;
 317                         dynamic_lock_area_t *new = topaz_tag.dynamic_lock_areas;
 318                         if (old == NULL) {
 319                                 new = topaz_tag.dynamic_lock_areas = (dynamic_lock_area_t *)malloc(sizeof(dynamic_lock_area_t));
 320                         } else {
 321                                 while(old->next != NULL) {
 322                                         old = old->next;
 323                                 }
 324                                 new = old->next = (dynamic_lock_area_t *)malloc(sizeof(dynamic_lock_area_t));
 325                         }
 326                         new->next = NULL;
 327                         if (area_start <= next_lockable_byte) {
 328                                 // lock areas are not lockable
 329                                 next_lockable_byte += size_in_bytes;
 330                         }
 331                         new->first_locked_byte = next_lockable_byte;
 332                         new->byte_offset = area_start;
 333                         new->size_in_bits = size_in_bits;
 334                         new->bytes_locked_per_bit = bytes_locked_per_bit;
 335                         next_lockable_byte += size_in_bits * bytes_locked_per_bit;
 336                 }
 337                 if (TLV_type == 0x02) {                 // a Reserved Memory Control TLV
 338                         uint8_t pages_addr = TLV_value[0] >> 4;
 339                         uint8_t byte_offset = TLV_value[0] & 0x0f;
 340                         uint8_t size_in_bytes = TLV_value[1] ? TLV_value[1] : 256;
 341                         uint8_t bytes_per_page = 1 << (TLV_value[2] & 0x0f);
 342                         uint16_t area_start = pages_addr * bytes_per_page + byte_offset;
 343                         PrintAndLog("Reserved Memory of %d bytes at byte offset 0x%02x.",
 344                                                 size_in_bytes,
 345                                                 area_start);
 346                         reserved_memory_control_TLV_present = true;
 347                         adjust_lock_areas(area_start, size_in_bytes);  // reserved memory areas are not lockable
 348                         if (area_start <= next_lockable_byte) {
 349                                 next_lockable_byte += size_in_bytes;
 350                         }
 351                 }
 352         }
 353
 354         if (!lock_TLV_present) {
 355                 PrintAndLog("(No Lock Control TLV present)");
 356         }
 357
 358         if (!reserved_memory_control_TLV_present) {
 359                 PrintAndLog("(No Reserved Memory Control TLV present)");
 360         }
 361 }
 362
 363
 364 // read all of the dynamic memory
 365 static int topaz_read_dynamic_data(void)
 366 {
 367         // first read the remaining block of segment 0
 368         if(topaz_read_block(topaz_tag.uid, 0x0f, &topaz_tag.dynamic_memory[0]) == -1) {
 369                 PrintAndLog("Error while reading dynamic memory block %02x. Aborting...", 0x0f);
 370                 return -1;
 371         }
 372
 373         // read the remaining segments
 374         uint8_t max_segment = topaz_tag.size / 128 - 1;
 375         for(uint8_t segment = 1; segment <= max_segment; segment++) {
 376                 if(topaz_read_segment(topaz_tag.uid, segment, &topaz_tag.dynamic_memory[(segment-1)*128+8]) == -1) {
 377                         PrintAndLog("Error while reading dynamic memory block %02x. Aborting...", 0x0f);
 378                         return -1;
 379                 }
 380         }
 381
 382         return 0;
 383 }
 384
 385
 386 // read and print the dynamic memory
 387 static void topaz_print_dynamic_data(void)
 388 {
 389         if (topaz_tag.size > TOPAZ_STATIC_MEMORY) {
 390                 PrintAndLog("Dynamic Data blocks:");
 391                 if (topaz_read_dynamic_data() == 0) {
 392                         PrintAndLog("block# | offset | Data                    | Locked(y/n)");
 393                         char line[80];
 394                         for (uint16_t blockno = 0x0f; blockno < topaz_tag.size/8; blockno++) {
 395                                 uint8_t *block_data = &topaz_tag.dynamic_memory[(blockno-0x0f)*8];
 396                                 char lockbits[9];
 397                                 for (uint16_t j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
 398                                         sprintf(&line[3*j], "%02x ", block_data[j]);
 399                                         lockbits[j] = topaz_byte_is_locked(blockno*8+j) ? 'y' : 'n';
 400                                 }
 401                                 lockbits[8] = '\0';
 402                                 PrintAndLog("  0x%02x | 0x%04x | %s|   %-3s", blockno, blockno*8, line, lockbits);
 403                         }
 404                 }
 405         }
 406 }
 407
 408
 409 static void topaz_print_lifecycle_state(uint8_t *data)
 410 {
 411         // to be done
 412 }
 413
 414
 415 static void topaz_print_NDEF(uint8_t *data)
 416 {
 417         // to be done.
 418 }
 419
 420
 421 // read a Topaz tag and print some usefull information
 422 int CmdHFTopazReader(const char *Cmd)
 423 {
 424         int status;
 425         uint8_t atqa[2];
 426         uint8_t rid_response[8];
 427         uint8_t *uid_echo = &rid_response[2];
 428         uint8_t rall_response[124];
 429
 430         status = topaz_select(atqa, rid_response);
 431
 432         if (status == -1) {
 433                 PrintAndLog("Error: couldn't receive ATQA");
 434                 return -1;
 435         }
 436
 437         PrintAndLog("ATQA : %02x %02x", atqa[1], atqa[0]);
 438         if (atqa[1] != 0x0c && atqa[0] != 0x00) {
 439                 PrintAndLog("Tag doesn't support the Topaz protocol.");
 440                 topaz_switch_off_field();
 441                 return -1;
 442         }
 443
 444         if (status == -2) {
 445                 PrintAndLog("Error: tag didn't answer to RID");
 446                 topaz_switch_off_field();
 447                 return -1;
 448         }
 449
 450         topaz_tag.HR01[0] = rid_response[0];
 451         topaz_tag.HR01[1] = rid_response[1];
 452
 453         // ToDo: CRC check
 454         PrintAndLog("HR0  : %02x (%sa Topaz tag (%scapable of carrying a NDEF message), %s memory map)", rid_response[0],
 455                                                 (rid_response[0] & 0xF0) == 0x10 ? "" : "not ",
 456                                                 (rid_response[0] & 0xF0) == 0x10 ? "" : "not ",
 457                                                 (rid_response[0] & 0x0F) == 0x10 ? "static" : "dynamic");
 458         PrintAndLog("HR1  : %02x", rid_response[1]);
 459
 460         status = topaz_rall(uid_echo, rall_response);
 461
 462         if(status == -1) {
 463                 PrintAndLog("Error: tag didn't answer to RALL");
 464                 topaz_switch_off_field();
 465                 return -1;
 466         }
 467
 468         memcpy(topaz_tag.uid, rall_response+2, 7);
 469         PrintAndLog("UID  : %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x",
 470                         topaz_tag.uid[6],
 471                         topaz_tag.uid[5],
 472                         topaz_tag.uid[4],
 473                         topaz_tag.uid[3],
 474                         topaz_tag.uid[2],
 475                         topaz_tag.uid[1],
 476                         topaz_tag.uid[0]);
 477         PrintAndLog("       UID[6] (Manufacturer Byte) = %02x, Manufacturer: %s",
 478                         topaz_tag.uid[6],
 479                         getTagInfo(topaz_tag.uid[6]));
 480
 481         memcpy(topaz_tag.data_blocks, rall_response+2, 0x0f*8);
 482         PrintAndLog("");
 483         PrintAndLog("Static Data blocks 00 to 0c:");
 484         PrintAndLog("block# | offset | Data                    | Locked(y/n)");
 485         char line[80];
 486         for (uint16_t i = 0; i <= 0x0c; i++) {
 487                 char lockbits[9];
 488                 for (uint16_t j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
 489                         sprintf(&line[3*j], "%02x ", topaz_tag.data_blocks[i][j] /*rall_response[2 + 8*i + j]*/);
 490                         lockbits[j] = topaz_byte_is_locked(i*8+j) ? 'y' : 'n';
 491                 }
 492                 lockbits[8] = '\0';
 493                 PrintAndLog("  0x%02x | 0x%04x | %s|   %-3s", i, i*8, line, lockbits);
 494         }
 495
 496         PrintAndLog("");
 497         PrintAndLog("Static Reserved block 0d:");
 498         for (uint16_t j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
 499                 sprintf(&line[3*j], "%02x ", topaz_tag.data_blocks[0x0d][j]);
 500         }
 501         PrintAndLog("  0x%02x | 0x%04x | %s|   %-3s", 0x0d, 0x0d*8, line, "n/a");
 502
 503         PrintAndLog("");
 504         PrintAndLog("Static Lockbits and OTP Bytes:");
 505         for (uint16_t j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
 506                 sprintf(&line[3*j], "%02x ", topaz_tag.data_blocks[0x0e][j]);
 507         }
 508         PrintAndLog("  0x%02x | 0x%04x | %s|   %-3s", 0x0e, 0x0e*8, line, "n/a");
 509
 510         PrintAndLog("");
 511
 512         status = topaz_print_CC(&topaz_tag.data_blocks[1][0]);
 513
 514         if (status == -1) {
 515                 PrintAndLog("No NDEF message data present");
 516                 topaz_switch_off_field();
 517                 return 0;
 518         }
 519
 520         PrintAndLog("");
 521         topaz_print_control_TLVs(&topaz_tag.data_blocks[1][4]);
 522
 523         PrintAndLog("");
 524         topaz_print_dynamic_data();
 525
 526         topaz_print_lifecycle_state(&topaz_tag.data_blocks[1][0]);
 527
 528         topaz_print_NDEF(&topaz_tag.data_blocks[1][0]);
 529
 530         topaz_switch_off_field();
 531         return 0;
 532 }
 533
 534
 535 int CmdHFTopazCmdRaw(const char *Cmd)
 536 {
 537         PrintAndLog("not yet implemented. Use hf 14 raw with option -T.");
 538         return 0;
 539 }
 540
 541
 542 static int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd);
 543
 544
 545 static command_t CommandTable[] =
 546 {
 547         {"help",        CmdHelp,                        1, "This help"},
 548         {"reader",      CmdHFTopazReader,       0, "Act like a Topaz reader"},
 549         {"snoop",       CmdHF14ASnoop,          0, "Eavesdrop a Topaz reader-tag communication"},
 550         {"raw",         CmdHFTopazCmdRaw,       0, "Send raw hex data to tag"},
 551         {NULL,          NULL,                           0, NULL}
 552 };
 553
 554
 555 int CmdHFTopaz(const char *Cmd) {
 556         // flush
 557         WaitForResponseTimeout(CMD_ACK,NULL,100);
 558
 559         // parse
 560         CmdsParse(CommandTable, Cmd);
 561         return 0;
 562 }
 563
 564
 565 static int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd)
 566 {
 567         CmdsHelp(CommandTable);
 568         return 0;
 569 }
 570
 571