git.zerfleddert.de Git - proxmark3-svn/blob - client/flash.c

   1 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   2 // Copyright (C) 2010 Hector Martin "marcan" <marcan@marcansoft.com>
   3 //
   4 // This code is licensed to you under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or,
   5 // at your option, any later version. See the LICENSE.txt file for the text of
   6 // the license.
   7 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   8 // ELF file flasher
   9 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  10
  11 #include <stdio.h>
  12 #include <string.h>
  13 #include <stdlib.h>
  14 #include "proxmark3.h"
  15 #include "sleep.h"
  16 #include "flash.h"
  17 #include "elf.h"
  18 #include "proxendian.h"
  19 #include "usb_cmd.h"
  20 #include "at91sam7s512.h"
  21
  22 void SendCommand(UsbCommand* txcmd);
  23 void ReceiveCommand(UsbCommand* rxcmd);
  24 void CloseProxmark();
  25 int OpenProxmark(size_t i);
  26
  27 // FIXME: what the fuckity fuck
  28 unsigned int current_command = CMD_UNKNOWN;
  29
  30 #define FLASH_START            0x100000
  31 #define FLASH_SIZE             (256*1024)
  32 #define FLASH_END              (FLASH_START + FLASH_SIZE)
  33 #define BOOTLOADER_SIZE        0x2000
  34 #define BOOTLOADER_END         (FLASH_START + BOOTLOADER_SIZE)
  35
  36 #define BLOCK_SIZE             0x200
  37
  38 static const uint8_t elf_ident[] = {
  39         0x7f, 'E', 'L', 'F',
  40         ELFCLASS32,
  41         ELFDATA2LSB,
  42         EV_CURRENT
  43 };
  44
  45 // Turn PHDRs into flasher segments, checking for PHDR sanity and merging adjacent
  46 // unaligned segments if needed
  47 static int build_segs_from_phdrs(flash_file_t *ctx, FILE *fd, Elf32_Phdr *phdrs, int num_phdrs)
  48 {
  49         Elf32_Phdr *phdr = phdrs;
  50         flash_seg_t *seg;
  51         uint32_t last_end = 0;
  52
  53         ctx->segments = malloc(sizeof(flash_seg_t) * num_phdrs);
  54         if (!ctx->segments) {
  55                 fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
  56                 return -1;
  57         }
  58         ctx->num_segs = 0;
  59         seg = ctx->segments;
  60
  61         fprintf(stderr, "Loading usable ELF segments:\n");
  62         for (int i = 0; i < num_phdrs; i++) {
  63                 if (le32(phdr->p_type) != PT_LOAD) {
  64                         phdr++;
  65                         continue;
  66                 }
  67                 uint32_t vaddr = le32(phdr->p_vaddr);
  68                 uint32_t paddr = le32(phdr->p_paddr);
  69                 uint32_t filesz = le32(phdr->p_filesz);
  70                 uint32_t memsz = le32(phdr->p_memsz);
  71                 uint32_t offset = le32(phdr->p_offset);
  72                 uint32_t flags = le32(phdr->p_flags);
  73                 if (!filesz) {
  74                         phdr++;
  75                         continue;
  76                 }
  77                 fprintf(stderr, "%d: V 0x%08x P 0x%08x (0x%08x->0x%08x) [%c%c%c] @0x%x\n",
  78                         i, vaddr, paddr, filesz, memsz,
  79                         flags & PF_R ? 'R' : ' ',
  80                         flags & PF_W ? 'W' : ' ',
  81                         flags & PF_X ? 'X' : ' ',
  82                         offset);
  83                 if (filesz != memsz) {
  84                         fprintf(stderr, "Error: PHDR file size does not equal memory size\n"
  85                                         "(DATA+BSS PHDRs do not make sense on ROM platforms!)\n");
  86                         return -1;
  87                 }
  88                 if (paddr < last_end) {
  89                         fprintf(stderr, "Error: PHDRs not sorted or overlap\n");
  90                         return -1;
  91                 }
  92                 if (paddr < FLASH_START || (paddr+filesz) > FLASH_END) {
  93                         fprintf(stderr, "Error: PHDR is not contained in Flash\n");
  94                         return -1;
  95                 }
  96                 if (vaddr >= FLASH_START && vaddr < FLASH_END && (flags & PF_W)) {
  97                         fprintf(stderr, "Error: Flash VMA segment is writable\n");
  98                         return -1;
  99                 }
 100
 101                 uint8_t *data;
 102                 // make extra space if we need to move the data forward
 103                 data = malloc(filesz + BLOCK_SIZE);
 104                 if (!data) {
 105                         fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
 106                         return -1;
 107                 }
 108                 if (fseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0 || fread(data, 1, filesz, fd) != filesz) {
 109                         fprintf(stderr, "Error while reading PHDR payload\n");
 110                         free(data);
 111                         return -1;
 112                 }
 113
 114                 uint32_t block_offset = paddr & (BLOCK_SIZE-1);
 115                 if (block_offset) {
 116                         if (ctx->num_segs) {
 117                                 flash_seg_t *prev_seg = seg - 1;
 118                                 uint32_t this_end = paddr + filesz;
 119                                 uint32_t this_firstblock = paddr & ~(BLOCK_SIZE-1);
 120                                 uint32_t prev_lastblock = (last_end - 1) & ~(BLOCK_SIZE-1);
 121
 122                                 if (this_firstblock == prev_lastblock) {
 123                                         uint32_t new_length = this_end - prev_seg->start;
 124                                         uint32_t this_offset = paddr - prev_seg->start;
 125                                         uint32_t hole = this_offset - prev_seg->length;
 126                                         uint8_t *new_data = malloc(new_length);
 127                                         if (!new_data) {
 128                                                 fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
 129                                                 free(data);
 130                                                 return -1;
 131                                         }
 132                                         memset(new_data, 0xff, new_length);
 133                                         memcpy(new_data, prev_seg->data, prev_seg->length);
 134                                         memcpy(new_data + this_offset, data, filesz);
 135                                         fprintf(stderr, "Note: Extending previous segment from 0x%x to 0x%x bytes\n",
 136                                                 prev_seg->length, new_length);
 137                                         if (hole)
 138                                                 fprintf(stderr, "Note: 0x%x-byte hole created\n", hole);
 139                                         free(data);
 140                                         free(prev_seg->data);
 141                                         prev_seg->data = new_data;
 142                                         prev_seg->length = new_length;
 143                                         last_end = this_end;
 144                                         phdr++;
 145                                         continue;
 146                                 }
 147                         }
 148                         fprintf(stderr, "Warning: segment does not begin on a block boundary, will pad\n");
 149                         memmove(data + block_offset, data, filesz);
 150                         memset(data, 0xFF, block_offset);
 151                         filesz += block_offset;
 152                         paddr -= block_offset;
 153                 }
 154
 155                 seg->data = data;
 156                 seg->start = paddr;
 157                 seg->length = filesz;
 158                 seg++;
 159                 ctx->num_segs++;
 160
 161                 last_end = paddr + filesz;
 162                 phdr++;
 163         }
 164         return 0;
 165 }
 166
 167 // Sanity check segments and check for bootloader writes
 168 static int check_segs(flash_file_t *ctx, int can_write_bl) {
 169         for (int i = 0; i < ctx->num_segs; i++) {
 170                 flash_seg_t *seg = &ctx->segments[i];
 171
 172                 if (seg->start & (BLOCK_SIZE-1)) {
 173                         fprintf(stderr, "Error: Segment is not aligned\n");
 174                         return -1;
 175                 }
 176                 if (seg->start < FLASH_START) {
 177                         fprintf(stderr, "Error: Segment is outside of flash bounds\n");
 178                         return -1;
 179                 }
 180                 if (seg->start + seg->length > FLASH_END) {
 181                         fprintf(stderr, "Error: Segment is outside of flash bounds\n");
 182                         return -1;
 183                 }
 184                 if (!can_write_bl && seg->start < BOOTLOADER_END) {
 185                         fprintf(stderr, "Attempted to write bootloader but bootloader writes are not enabled\n");
 186                         return -1;
 187                 }
 188         }
 189         return 0;
 190 }
 191
 192 // Load an ELF file and prepare it for flashing
 193 int flash_load(flash_file_t *ctx, const char *name, int can_write_bl)
 194 {
 195         FILE *fd = NULL;
 196         Elf32_Ehdr ehdr;
 197         Elf32_Phdr *phdrs = NULL;
 198         int num_phdrs;
 199         int res;
 200
 201         fd = fopen(name, "rb");
 202         if (!fd) {
 203                 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open file '%s': ", name);
 204                 perror(NULL);
 205                 goto fail;
 206         }
 207
 208         fprintf(stderr, "Loading ELF file '%s'...\n", name);
 209
 210         if (fread(&ehdr, sizeof(ehdr), 1, fd) != 1) {
 211                 fprintf(stderr, "Error while reading ELF file header\n");
 212                 goto fail;
 213         }
 214         if (memcmp(ehdr.e_ident, elf_ident, sizeof(elf_ident))
 215                 || le32(ehdr.e_version) != 1)
 216         {
 217                 fprintf(stderr, "Not an ELF file or wrong ELF type\n");
 218                 goto fail;
 219         }
 220         if (le16(ehdr.e_type) != ET_EXEC) {
 221                 fprintf(stderr, "ELF is not executable\n");
 222                 goto fail;
 223         }
 224         if (le16(ehdr.e_machine) != EM_ARM) {
 225                 fprintf(stderr, "Wrong ELF architecture\n");
 226                 goto fail;
 227         }
 228         if (!ehdr.e_phnum || !ehdr.e_phoff) {
 229                 fprintf(stderr, "ELF has no PHDRs\n");
 230                 goto fail;
 231         }
 232         if (le16(ehdr.e_phentsize) != sizeof(Elf32_Phdr)) {
 233                 // could be a structure padding issue...
 234                 fprintf(stderr, "Either the ELF file or this code is made of fail\n");
 235                 goto fail;
 236         }
 237         num_phdrs = le16(ehdr.e_phnum);
 238
 239         phdrs = malloc(le16(ehdr.e_phnum) * sizeof(Elf32_Phdr));
 240         if (!phdrs) {
 241                 fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
 242                 goto fail;
 243         }
 244         if (fseek(fd, le32(ehdr.e_phoff), SEEK_SET) < 0) {
 245                 fprintf(stderr, "Error while reading ELF PHDRs\n");
 246                 goto fail;
 247         }
 248         if (fread(phdrs, sizeof(Elf32_Phdr), num_phdrs, fd) != num_phdrs) {
 249                 fprintf(stderr, "Error while reading ELF PHDRs\n");
 250                 goto fail;
 251         }
 252
 253         res = build_segs_from_phdrs(ctx, fd, phdrs, num_phdrs);
 254         if (res < 0)
 255                 goto fail;
 256         res = check_segs(ctx, can_write_bl);
 257         if (res < 0)
 258                 goto fail;
 259
 260         free(phdrs);
 261         fclose(fd);
 262         ctx->filename = name;
 263         return 0;
 264
 265 fail:
 266         if (phdrs)
 267                 free(phdrs);
 268         if (fd)
 269                 fclose(fd);
 270         flash_free(ctx);
 271         return -1;
 272 }
 273
 274 // Get the state of the proxmark, backwards compatible
 275 static int get_proxmark_state(uint32_t *state)
 276 {
 277         UsbCommand c;
 278         c.cmd = CMD_DEVICE_INFO;
 279         SendCommand(&c);
 280         UsbCommand resp;
 281         ReceiveCommand(&resp);
 282
 283         // Three outcomes:
 284         // 1. The old bootrom code will ignore CMD_DEVICE_INFO, but respond with an ACK
 285         // 2. The old os code will respond with CMD_DEBUG_PRINT_STRING and "unknown command"
 286         // 3. The new bootrom and os codes will respond with CMD_DEVICE_INFO and flags
 287
 288         switch (resp.cmd) {
 289                 case CMD_ACK:
 290                         *state = DEVICE_INFO_FLAG_CURRENT_MODE_BOOTROM;
 291                         break;
 292                 case CMD_DEBUG_PRINT_STRING:
 293                         *state = DEVICE_INFO_FLAG_CURRENT_MODE_OS;
 294                         break;
 295                 case CMD_DEVICE_INFO:
 296                         *state = resp.arg[0];
 297                         break;
 298                 default:
 299                         fprintf(stderr, "Error: Couldn't get proxmark state, bad response type: 0x%04"llx"\n", resp.cmd);
 300                         return -1;
 301                         break;
 302         }
 303
 304         return 0;
 305 }
 306
 307 // Enter the bootloader to be able to start flashing
 308 static int enter_bootloader(char *serial_port_name)
 309 {
 310         uint32_t state;
 311
 312         if (get_proxmark_state(&state) < 0)
 313                 return -1;
 314
 315         if (state & DEVICE_INFO_FLAG_CURRENT_MODE_BOOTROM) {
 316                 /* Already in flash state, we're done. */
 317                 return 0;
 318         }
 319
 320         if (state & DEVICE_INFO_FLAG_CURRENT_MODE_OS) {
 321                 fprintf(stderr,"Entering bootloader...\n");
 322                 UsbCommand c;
 323                 memset(&c, 0, sizeof (c));
 324
 325                 if ((state & DEVICE_INFO_FLAG_BOOTROM_PRESENT)
 326                         && (state & DEVICE_INFO_FLAG_OSIMAGE_PRESENT))
 327                 {
 328                         // New style handover: Send CMD_START_FLASH, which will reset the board
 329                         // and enter the bootrom on the next boot.
 330                         c.cmd = CMD_START_FLASH;
 331                         SendCommand(&c);
 332                         fprintf(stderr,"(Press and release the button only to abort)\n");
 333                 } else {
 334                         // Old style handover: Ask the user to press the button, then reset the board
 335                         c.cmd = CMD_HARDWARE_RESET;
 336                         SendCommand(&c);
 337                         fprintf(stderr,"Press and hold down button NOW if your bootloader requires it.\n");
 338                 }
 339     msleep(100);
 340                 CloseProxmark();
 341
 342                 fprintf(stderr,"Waiting for Proxmark to reappear on %s",serial_port_name);
 343     do {
 344                         sleep(1);
 345                         fprintf(stderr, ".");
 346                 } while (!OpenProxmark(0));
 347                 fprintf(stderr," Found.\n");
 348
 349                 return 0;
 350         }
 351
 352         fprintf(stderr, "Error: Unknown Proxmark mode\n");
 353         return -1;
 354 }
 355
 356 static int wait_for_ack(UsbCommand *ack)
 357 {
 358         ReceiveCommand(ack);
 359         if (ack->cmd != CMD_ACK) {
 360                 printf("Error: Unexpected reply 0x%04"llx" (expected ACK)\n", ack->cmd);
 361                 return -1;
 362         }
 363         return 0;
 364 }
 365
 366 // Go into flashing mode
 367 int flash_start_flashing(int enable_bl_writes,char *serial_port_name)
 368 {
 369         uint32_t state;
 370
 371         if (enter_bootloader(serial_port_name) < 0)
 372                 return -1;
 373
 374         if (get_proxmark_state(&state) < 0)
 375                 return -1;
 376
 377         if (state & DEVICE_INFO_FLAG_UNDERSTANDS_START_FLASH) {
 378                 // This command is stupid. Why the heck does it care which area we're
 379                 // flashing, as long as it's not the bootloader area? The mind boggles.
 380                 UsbCommand c = {CMD_START_FLASH};
 381
 382                 if (enable_bl_writes) {
 383                         c.arg[0] = FLASH_START;
 384                         c.arg[1] = FLASH_END;
 385                         c.arg[2] = START_FLASH_MAGIC;
 386                 } else {
 387                         c.arg[0] = BOOTLOADER_END;
 388                         c.arg[1] = FLASH_END;
 389                         c.arg[2] = 0;
 390                 }
 391                 SendCommand(&c);
 392                 return wait_for_ack(&c);
 393         } else {
 394                 fprintf(stderr, "Note: Your bootloader does not understand the new START_FLASH command\n");
 395                 fprintf(stderr, "      It is recommended that you update your bootloader\n\n");
 396         }
 397
 398         return 0;
 399 }
 400
 401 static int write_block(uint32_t address, uint8_t *data, uint32_t length)
 402 {
 403         uint8_t block_buf[BLOCK_SIZE];
 404
 405         memset(block_buf, 0xFF, BLOCK_SIZE);
 406         memcpy(block_buf, data, length);
 407   UsbCommand c;
 408         c.cmd = CMD_FINISH_WRITE;
 409         c.arg[0] = address;
 410         memcpy(c.d.asBytes, block_buf, length);
 411   SendCommand(&c);
 412         int ret = wait_for_ack(&c);
 413         if (ret && c.arg[0]) {
 414                 uint32_t lock_bits = c.arg[0] >> 16;
 415                 bool lock_error = c.arg[0] & AT91C_MC_LOCKE;
 416                 bool prog_error = c.arg[0] & AT91C_MC_PROGE;
 417                 bool security_bit = c.arg[0] & AT91C_MC_SECURITY;
 418                 printf("%s", lock_error?"       Lock Error\n":"");
 419                 printf("%s", prog_error?"       Invalid Command or bad Keyword\n":"");
 420                 printf("%s", security_bit?"       Security Bit is set!\n":"");
 421                 printf("       Lock Bits:      0x%04x\n", lock_bits);
 422         }
 423         return ret;
 424 }
 425
 426 // Write a file's segments to Flash
 427 int flash_write(flash_file_t *ctx)
 428 {
 429         fprintf(stderr, "Writing segments for file: %s\n", ctx->filename);
 430         for (int i = 0; i < ctx->num_segs; i++) {
 431                 flash_seg_t *seg = &ctx->segments[i];
 432
 433                 uint32_t length = seg->length;
 434                 uint32_t blocks = (length + BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / BLOCK_SIZE;
 435                 uint32_t end = seg->start + length;
 436
 437                 fprintf(stderr, " 0x%08x..0x%08x [0x%x / %d blocks]",
 438                         seg->start, end - 1, length, blocks);
 439
 440                 int block = 0;
 441                 uint8_t *data = seg->data;
 442                 uint32_t baddr = seg->start;
 443
 444                 while (length) {
 445                         uint32_t block_size = length;
 446                         if (block_size > BLOCK_SIZE)
 447                                 block_size = BLOCK_SIZE;
 448
 449                         if (write_block(baddr, data, block_size) < 0) {
 450                                 fprintf(stderr, " ERROR\n");
 451                                 fprintf(stderr, "Error writing block %d of %d\n", block, blocks);
 452                                 return -1;
 453                         }
 454
 455                         data += block_size;
 456                         baddr += block_size;
 457                         length -= block_size;
 458                         block++;
 459                         fprintf(stderr, ".");
 460                 }
 461                 fprintf(stderr, " OK\n");
 462         }
 463         return 0;
 464 }
 465
 466 // free a file context
 467 void flash_free(flash_file_t *ctx)
 468 {
 469         if (!ctx)
 470                 return;
 471         if (ctx->segments) {
 472                 for (int i = 0; i < ctx->num_segs; i++)
 473                         free(ctx->segments[i].data);
 474                 free(ctx->segments);
 475                 ctx->segments = NULL;
 476                 ctx->num_segs = 0;
 477         }
 478 }
 479
 480 // just reset the unit
 481 int flash_stop_flashing(void) {
 482         UsbCommand c = {CMD_HARDWARE_RESET};
 483   SendCommand(&c);
 484   msleep(100);
 485   return 0;
 486 }