git.zerfleddert.de Git - proxmark3-svn/blob - client/hid-flasher/flash.c

   1 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   2 // Copyright (C) 2010 Hector Martin "marcan" <marcan@marcansoft.com>
   3 //
   4 // This code is licensed to you under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or,
   5 // at your option, any later version. See the LICENSE.txt file for the text of
   6 // the license.
   7 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   8 // ELF file flasher
   9 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  10
  11 #include <stdio.h>
  12 #include <string.h>
  13 #include <stdlib.h>
  14 #include "proxusb.h"
  15 #include "flash.h"
  16 #include "elf.h"
  17 #include "proxendian.h"
  18
  19 // FIXME: what the fuckity fuck
  20 unsigned int current_command = CMD_UNKNOWN;
  21
  22 #define FLASH_START            0x100000
  23 #define FLASH_SIZE             (256*1024)
  24 #define FLASH_END              (FLASH_START + FLASH_SIZE)
  25 #define BOOTLOADER_SIZE        0x2000
  26 #define BOOTLOADER_END         (FLASH_START + BOOTLOADER_SIZE)
  27
  28 #define BLOCK_SIZE             0x100
  29
  30 static const uint8_t elf_ident[] = {
  31         0x7f, 'E', 'L', 'F',
  32         ELFCLASS32,
  33         ELFDATA2LSB,
  34         EV_CURRENT
  35 };
  36
  37 // Turn PHDRs into flasher segments, checking for PHDR sanity and merging adjacent
  38 // unaligned segments if needed
  39 static int build_segs_from_phdrs(flash_file_t *ctx, FILE *fd, Elf32_Phdr *phdrs, int num_phdrs)
  40 {
  41         Elf32_Phdr *phdr = phdrs;
  42         flash_seg_t *seg;
  43         uint32_t last_end = 0;
  44
  45         ctx->segments = malloc(sizeof(flash_seg_t) * num_phdrs);
  46         if (!ctx->segments) {
  47                 fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
  48                 return -1;
  49         }
  50         ctx->num_segs = 0;
  51         seg = ctx->segments;
  52
  53         fprintf(stderr, "Loading usable ELF segments:\n");
  54         for (int i = 0; i < num_phdrs; i++) {
  55                 if (le32(phdr->p_type) != PT_LOAD) {
  56                         phdr++;
  57                         continue;
  58                 }
  59                 uint32_t vaddr = le32(phdr->p_vaddr);
  60                 uint32_t paddr = le32(phdr->p_paddr);
  61                 uint32_t filesz = le32(phdr->p_filesz);
  62                 uint32_t memsz = le32(phdr->p_memsz);
  63                 uint32_t offset = le32(phdr->p_offset);
  64                 uint32_t flags = le32(phdr->p_flags);
  65                 if (!filesz) {
  66                         phdr++;
  67                         continue;
  68                 }
  69                 fprintf(stderr, "%d: V 0x%08x P 0x%08x (0x%08x->0x%08x) [%c%c%c] @0x%x\n",
  70                         i, vaddr, paddr, filesz, memsz,
  71                         flags & PF_R ? 'R' : ' ',
  72                         flags & PF_W ? 'W' : ' ',
  73                         flags & PF_X ? 'X' : ' ',
  74                         offset);
  75                 if (filesz != memsz) {
  76                         fprintf(stderr, "Error: PHDR file size does not equal memory size\n"
  77                                         "(DATA+BSS PHDRs do not make sense on ROM platforms!)\n");
  78                         return -1;
  79                 }
  80                 if (paddr < last_end) {
  81                         fprintf(stderr, "Error: PHDRs not sorted or overlap\n");
  82                         return -1;
  83                 }
  84                 if (paddr < FLASH_START || (paddr+filesz) > FLASH_END) {
  85                         fprintf(stderr, "Error: PHDR is not contained in Flash\n");
  86                         return -1;
  87                 }
  88                 if (vaddr >= FLASH_START && vaddr < FLASH_END && (flags & PF_W)) {
  89                         fprintf(stderr, "Error: Flash VMA segment is writable\n");
  90                         return -1;
  91                 }
  92
  93                 uint8_t *data;
  94                 // make extra space if we need to move the data forward
  95                 data = malloc(filesz + BLOCK_SIZE);
  96                 if (!data) {
  97                         fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
  98                         return -1;
  99                 }
 100                 if (fseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0 || fread(data, 1, filesz, fd) != filesz) {
 101                         fprintf(stderr, "Error while reading PHDR payload\n");
 102                         free(data);
 103                         return -1;
 104                 }
 105
 106                 uint32_t block_offset = paddr & (BLOCK_SIZE-1);
 107                 if (block_offset) {
 108                         if (ctx->num_segs) {
 109                                 flash_seg_t *prev_seg = seg - 1;
 110                                 uint32_t this_end = paddr + filesz;
 111                                 uint32_t this_firstblock = paddr & ~(BLOCK_SIZE-1);
 112                                 uint32_t prev_lastblock = (last_end - 1) & ~(BLOCK_SIZE-1);
 113
 114                                 if (this_firstblock == prev_lastblock) {
 115                                         uint32_t new_length = this_end - prev_seg->start;
 116                                         uint32_t this_offset = paddr - prev_seg->start;
 117                                         uint32_t hole = this_offset - prev_seg->length;
 118                                         uint8_t *new_data = malloc(new_length);
 119                                         if (!new_data) {
 120                                                 fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
 121                                                 free(data);
 122                                                 return -1;
 123                                         }
 124                                         memset(new_data, 0xff, new_length);
 125                                         memcpy(new_data, prev_seg->data, prev_seg->length);
 126                                         memcpy(new_data + this_offset, data, filesz);
 127                                         fprintf(stderr, "Note: Extending previous segment from 0x%x to 0x%x bytes\n",
 128                                                 prev_seg->length, new_length);
 129                                         if (hole)
 130                                                 fprintf(stderr, "Note: 0x%x-byte hole created\n", hole);
 131                                         free(data);
 132                                         free(prev_seg->data);
 133                                         prev_seg->data = new_data;
 134                                         prev_seg->length = new_length;
 135                                         last_end = this_end;
 136                                         phdr++;
 137                                         continue;
 138                                 }
 139                         }
 140                         fprintf(stderr, "Warning: segment does not begin on a block boundary, will pad\n");
 141                         memmove(data + block_offset, data, filesz);
 142                         memset(data, 0xFF, block_offset);
 143                         filesz += block_offset;
 144                         paddr -= block_offset;
 145                 }
 146
 147                 seg->data = data;
 148                 seg->start = paddr;
 149                 seg->length = filesz;
 150                 seg++;
 151                 ctx->num_segs++;
 152
 153                 last_end = paddr + filesz;
 154                 phdr++;
 155         }
 156         return 0;
 157 }
 158
 159 // Sanity check segments and check for bootloader writes
 160 static int check_segs(flash_file_t *ctx, int can_write_bl) {
 161         for (int i = 0; i < ctx->num_segs; i++) {
 162                 flash_seg_t *seg = &ctx->segments[i];
 163
 164                 if (seg->start & (BLOCK_SIZE-1)) {
 165                         fprintf(stderr, "Error: Segment is not aligned\n");
 166                         return -1;
 167                 }
 168                 if (seg->start < FLASH_START) {
 169                         fprintf(stderr, "Error: Segment is outside of flash bounds\n");
 170                         return -1;
 171                 }
 172                 if (seg->start + seg->length > FLASH_END) {
 173                         fprintf(stderr, "Error: Segment is outside of flash bounds\n");
 174                         return -1;
 175                 }
 176                 if (!can_write_bl && seg->start < BOOTLOADER_END) {
 177                         fprintf(stderr, "Attempted to write bootloader but bootloader writes are not enabled\n");
 178                         return -1;
 179                 }
 180         }
 181         return 0;
 182 }
 183
 184 // Load an ELF file and prepare it for flashing
 185 int flash_load(flash_file_t *ctx, const char *name, int can_write_bl)
 186 {
 187         FILE *fd = NULL;
 188         Elf32_Ehdr ehdr;
 189         Elf32_Phdr *phdrs = NULL;
 190         int num_phdrs;
 191         int res;
 192
 193         fd = fopen(name, "rb");
 194         if (!fd) {
 195                 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open file '%s': ", name);
 196                 perror(NULL);
 197                 goto fail;
 198         }
 199
 200         fprintf(stderr, "Loading ELF file '%s'...\n", name);
 201
 202         if (fread(&ehdr, sizeof(ehdr), 1, fd) != 1) {
 203                 fprintf(stderr, "Error while reading ELF file header\n");
 204                 goto fail;
 205         }
 206         if (memcmp(ehdr.e_ident, elf_ident, sizeof(elf_ident))
 207                 || le32(ehdr.e_version) != 1)
 208         {
 209                 fprintf(stderr, "Not an ELF file or wrong ELF type\n");
 210                 goto fail;
 211         }
 212         if (le16(ehdr.e_type) != ET_EXEC) {
 213                 fprintf(stderr, "ELF is not executable\n");
 214                 goto fail;
 215         }
 216         if (le16(ehdr.e_machine) != EM_ARM) {
 217                 fprintf(stderr, "Wrong ELF architecture\n");
 218                 goto fail;
 219         }
 220         if (!ehdr.e_phnum || !ehdr.e_phoff) {
 221                 fprintf(stderr, "ELF has no PHDRs\n");
 222                 goto fail;
 223         }
 224         if (le16(ehdr.e_phentsize) != sizeof(Elf32_Phdr)) {
 225                 // could be a structure padding issue...
 226                 fprintf(stderr, "Either the ELF file or this code is made of fail\n");
 227                 goto fail;
 228         }
 229         num_phdrs = le16(ehdr.e_phnum);
 230
 231         phdrs = malloc(le16(ehdr.e_phnum) * sizeof(Elf32_Phdr));
 232         if (!phdrs) {
 233                 fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
 234                 goto fail;
 235         }
 236         if (fseek(fd, le32(ehdr.e_phoff), SEEK_SET) < 0) {
 237                 fprintf(stderr, "Error while reading ELF PHDRs\n");
 238                 goto fail;
 239         }
 240         if (fread(phdrs, sizeof(Elf32_Phdr), num_phdrs, fd) != num_phdrs) {
 241                 fprintf(stderr, "Error while reading ELF PHDRs\n");
 242                 goto fail;
 243         }
 244
 245         res = build_segs_from_phdrs(ctx, fd, phdrs, num_phdrs);
 246         if (res < 0)
 247                 goto fail;
 248         res = check_segs(ctx, can_write_bl);
 249         if (res < 0)
 250                 goto fail;
 251
 252         free(phdrs);
 253         fclose(fd);
 254         ctx->filename = name;
 255         return 0;
 256
 257 fail:
 258         if (phdrs)
 259                 free(phdrs);
 260         if (fd)
 261                 fclose(fd);
 262         flash_free(ctx);
 263         return -1;
 264 }
 265
 266 // Get the state of the proxmark, backwards compatible
 267 static int get_proxmark_state(uint32_t *state)
 268 {
 269         UsbCommand c;
 270         c.cmd = CMD_DEVICE_INFO;
 271         SendCommand(&c);
 272
 273         UsbCommand resp;
 274         ReceiveCommand(&resp);
 275
 276         // Three outcomes:
 277         // 1. The old bootrom code will ignore CMD_DEVICE_INFO, but respond with an ACK
 278         // 2. The old os code will respond with CMD_DEBUG_PRINT_STRING and "unknown command"
 279         // 3. The new bootrom and os codes will respond with CMD_DEVICE_INFO and flags
 280
 281         switch (resp.cmd) {
 282                 case CMD_ACK:
 283                         *state = DEVICE_INFO_FLAG_CURRENT_MODE_BOOTROM;
 284                         break;
 285                 case CMD_DEBUG_PRINT_STRING:
 286                         *state = DEVICE_INFO_FLAG_CURRENT_MODE_OS;
 287                         break;
 288                 case CMD_DEVICE_INFO:
 289                         *state = resp.arg[0];
 290                         break;
 291                 default:
 292                         fprintf(stderr, "Error: Couldn't get proxmark state, bad response type: 0x%04x\n", resp.cmd);
 293                         return -1;
 294                         break;
 295         }
 296
 297         return 0;
 298 }
 299
 300 // Enter the bootloader to be able to start flashing
 301 static int enter_bootloader(void)
 302 {
 303         uint32_t state;
 304
 305         if (get_proxmark_state(&state) < 0)
 306                 return -1;
 307
 308         if (state & DEVICE_INFO_FLAG_CURRENT_MODE_BOOTROM) {
 309                 /* Already in flash state, we're done. */
 310                 return 0;
 311         }
 312
 313         if (state & DEVICE_INFO_FLAG_CURRENT_MODE_OS) {
 314                 fprintf(stderr,"Entering bootloader...\n");
 315                 UsbCommand c;
 316                 memset(&c, 0, sizeof (c));
 317
 318                 if ((state & DEVICE_INFO_FLAG_BOOTROM_PRESENT)
 319                         && (state & DEVICE_INFO_FLAG_OSIMAGE_PRESENT))
 320                 {
 321                         // New style handover: Send CMD_START_FLASH, which will reset the board
 322                         // and enter the bootrom on the next boot.
 323                         c.cmd = CMD_START_FLASH;
 324                         SendCommand(&c);
 325                         fprintf(stderr,"(Press and release the button only to abort)\n");
 326                 } else {
 327                         // Old style handover: Ask the user to press the button, then reset the board
 328                         c.cmd = CMD_HARDWARE_RESET;
 329                         SendCommand(&c);
 330                         fprintf(stderr,"Press and hold down button NOW if your bootloader requires it.\n");
 331                 }
 332                 fprintf(stderr,"Waiting for Proxmark to reappear on USB...");
 333
 334                 CloseProxmark();
 335                 sleep(1);
 336                 while (!OpenProxmark(0)) {
 337                         sleep(1);
 338                         fprintf(stderr, ".");
 339                 }
 340                 fprintf(stderr," Found.\n");
 341
 342                 return 0;
 343         }
 344
 345         fprintf(stderr, "Error: Unknown Proxmark mode\n");
 346         return -1;
 347 }
 348
 349 static int wait_for_ack(void)
 350 {
 351         UsbCommand ack;
 352         ReceiveCommand(&ack);
 353         if (ack.cmd != CMD_ACK) {
 354                 printf("Error: Unexpected reply 0x%04x (expected ACK)\n", ack.cmd);
 355                 return -1;
 356         }
 357         return 0;
 358 }
 359
 360 // Go into flashing mode
 361 int flash_start_flashing(int enable_bl_writes)
 362 {
 363         uint32_t state;
 364
 365         if (enter_bootloader() < 0)
 366                 return -1;
 367
 368         if (get_proxmark_state(&state) < 0)
 369                 return -1;
 370
 371         if (state & DEVICE_INFO_FLAG_UNDERSTANDS_START_FLASH) {
 372                 // This command is stupid. Why the heck does it care which area we're
 373                 // flashing, as long as it's not the bootloader area? The mind boggles.
 374                 UsbCommand c = {CMD_START_FLASH};
 375
 376                 if (enable_bl_writes) {
 377                         c.arg[0] = FLASH_START;
 378                         c.arg[1] = FLASH_END;
 379                         c.arg[2] = START_FLASH_MAGIC;
 380                 } else {
 381                         c.arg[0] = BOOTLOADER_END;
 382                         c.arg[1] = FLASH_END;
 383                         c.arg[2] = 0;
 384                 }
 385                 SendCommand(&c);
 386                 return wait_for_ack();
 387         } else {
 388                 fprintf(stderr, "Note: Your bootloader does not understand the new START_FLASH command\n");
 389                 fprintf(stderr, "      It is recommended that you update your bootloader\n\n");
 390         }
 391
 392         return 0;
 393 }
 394
 395 static int write_block(uint32_t address, uint8_t *data, uint32_t length)
 396 {
 397         uint8_t block_buf[BLOCK_SIZE];
 398
 399         memset(block_buf, 0xFF, BLOCK_SIZE);
 400         memcpy(block_buf, data, length);
 401
 402         UsbCommand c = {CMD_SETUP_WRITE};
 403         for (int i = 0; i < 240; i += 48) {
 404                 memcpy(c.d.asBytes, block_buf + i, 48);
 405                 c.arg[0] = i / 4;
 406                 SendCommand(&c);
 407                 if (wait_for_ack() < 0)
 408                         return -1;
 409         }
 410
 411         c.cmd = CMD_FINISH_WRITE;
 412         c.arg[0] = address;
 413         memcpy(c.d.asBytes, block_buf+240, 16);
 414         SendCommand(&c);
 415         return wait_for_ack();
 416 }
 417
 418 // Write a file's segments to Flash
 419 int flash_write(flash_file_t *ctx)
 420 {
 421         fprintf(stderr, "Writing segments for file: %s\n", ctx->filename);
 422         for (int i = 0; i < ctx->num_segs; i++) {
 423                 flash_seg_t *seg = &ctx->segments[i];
 424
 425                 uint32_t length = seg->length;
 426                 uint32_t blocks = (length + BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / BLOCK_SIZE;
 427                 uint32_t end = seg->start + length;
 428
 429                 fprintf(stderr, " 0x%08x..0x%08x [0x%x / %d blocks]",
 430                         seg->start, end - 1, length, blocks);
 431
 432                 int block = 0;
 433                 uint8_t *data = seg->data;
 434                 uint32_t baddr = seg->start;
 435
 436                 while (length) {
 437                         uint32_t block_size = length;
 438                         if (block_size > BLOCK_SIZE)
 439                                 block_size = BLOCK_SIZE;
 440
 441                         if (write_block(baddr, data, block_size) < 0) {
 442                                 fprintf(stderr, " ERROR\n");
 443                                 fprintf(stderr, "Error writing block %d of %d\n", block, blocks);
 444                                 return -1;
 445                         }
 446
 447                         data += block_size;
 448                         baddr += block_size;
 449                         length -= block_size;
 450                         block++;
 451                         fprintf(stderr, ".");
 452                 }
 453                 fprintf(stderr, " OK\n");
 454         }
 455         return 0;
 456 }
 457
 458 // free a file context
 459 void flash_free(flash_file_t *ctx)
 460 {
 461         if (!ctx)
 462                 return;
 463         if (ctx->segments) {
 464                 for (int i = 0; i < ctx->num_segs; i++)
 465                         free(ctx->segments[i].data);
 466                 free(ctx->segments);
 467                 ctx->segments = NULL;
 468                 ctx->num_segs = 0;
 469         }
 470 }
 471
 472 // just reset the unit
 473 int flash_stop_flashing(void) {
 474         UsbCommand c = {CMD_HARDWARE_RESET};
 475         SendCommand(&c);
 476         return 0;
 477 }