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[proxmark3-svn] / armsrc / lfops.c

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// This code is licensed to you under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or,
// at your option, any later version. See the LICENSE.txt file for the text of
// the license.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Miscellaneous routines for low frequency tag operations.
// Tags supported here so far are Texas Instruments (TI), HID
// Also routines for raw mode reading/simulating of LF waveform
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#include "proxmark3.h"
#include "apps.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "hitag2.h"
#include "crc16.h"
#include "string.h"
#include "lfdemod.h"

typedef struct {
	uint8_t * buffer;
	uint32_t numbits;
	uint8_t position;
} BitstreamOut;
/**
 * @brief Pushes bit onto the stream
 * @param stream
 * @param bit
 */
void pushBit( BitstreamOut* stream, bool bit)
{
	int bytepos = stream->position >> 3; // divide by 8
	int bitpos = stream->position & 7;
	*(stream->buffer+bytepos) |= (bit & 1) <<  (7 - bitpos);
	stream->position++;
	stream->numbits++;
}
/**
 * @brief Does LF sample acquisition, this method implements decimation and quantization in order to
 * be able to provide longer sample traces.
 * @param decimation - how much should the signal be decimated. A decimation of 1 means every sample, 2 means
 * every other sample, etc.
 * @param bits_per_sample - bits per sample. Max 8, min 1 bit per sample.
 * @param trigger_threshold - a threshold. The sampling won't commence until this threshold has been reached. Set
 * to -1 to ignore threshold.
 * @param averaging If set to true, decimation will use averaging, so that if e.g. decimation is 3, the sample
 * value that will be used is the average value of the three samples.
 * @return the number of bits occupied by the samples.
 */
uint8_t DoAcquisition(int decimation, int bits_per_sample, int trigger_threshold, bool averaging)
{
	//A decimation of 2 means we keep every 2nd sample
	//A decimation of 3 means we keep 1 in 3 samples.
	//A quantization of 1 means one bit is discarded from the sample (division by 2).
	uint8_t *dest = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;
	int bufsize = BIGBUF_SIZE;
	memset(dest, 0, bufsize);
	if(bits_per_sample < 1) bits_per_sample = 1;
	if(bits_per_sample > 8) bits_per_sample = 8;

	// Use a bit stream to handle the output
	BitstreamOut data = { dest , 0, 0};
	int sample_counter = 0;
	uint8_t sample = 0;
	//If we want to do averaging
	uint32_t sample_sum =0 ;
	uint32_t sample_total_numbers =0 ;
	uint32_t sample_total_saved =0 ;

	for(;;) {
		WDT_HIT();
		if (AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_TXRDY) {
			AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0x43;
			LED_D_ON();
		}
		if (AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY) {
			sample = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
			if (trigger_threshold != -1 && sample < trigger_threshold)
				continue;
			sample_total_numbers++;

			LED_D_OFF();
			trigger_threshold = -1;
			sample_counter++;
			sample_sum += sample;
			//Check decimation
			if(sample_counter < decimation) continue;
			//Averaging
			if(averaging) sample = sample_sum / decimation;

			sample_counter = 0;
			sample_sum =0;
			sample_total_saved ++;
			pushBit(&data, sample & 0x80);
			if(bits_per_sample > 1)	pushBit(&data, sample & 0x40);
			if(bits_per_sample > 2)	pushBit(&data, sample & 0x20);
			if(bits_per_sample > 3)	pushBit(&data, sample & 0x10);
			if(bits_per_sample > 4)	pushBit(&data, sample & 0x08);
			if(bits_per_sample > 5)	pushBit(&data, sample & 0x04);
			if(bits_per_sample > 6)	pushBit(&data, sample & 0x02);
			if(bits_per_sample > 7)	pushBit(&data, sample & 0x01);

			if((data.numbits >> 3) +1  >= bufsize) break;
		}
	}
	Dbprintf("Done, saved %l out of %l seen samples.",sample_total_saved, sample_total_numbers);

	return data.numbits;
}


/**
* Does the sample acquisition. If threshold is specified, the actual sampling
* is not commenced until the threshold has been reached.
* @param trigger_threshold - the threshold
* @param silent - is true, now outputs are made. If false, dbprints the status
*/
void DoAcquisition125k_internal(int trigger_threshold,bool silent)
{
    uint8_t *dest = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;
    int n = sizeof(BigBuf);
    int i;

    memset(dest, 0, n);
    i = 0;
    for(;;) {
        if (AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_TXRDY) {
            AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0x43;
            LED_D_ON();
        }
        if (AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY) {
            dest[i] = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
            LED_D_OFF();
            if (trigger_threshold != -1 && dest[i] < trigger_threshold)
                continue;
            else
                trigger_threshold = -1;
            if (++i >= n) break;
        }
    }
    if(!silent)
    {
        Dbprintf("buffer samples: %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x ...",
                 dest[0], dest[1], dest[2], dest[3], dest[4], dest[5], dest[6], dest[7]);

    }
}
/**
* Perform sample aquisition.
*/
void DoAcquisition125k(int trigger_threshold)
{
    DoAcquisition125k_internal(trigger_threshold, false);
}

/**
* Setup the FPGA to listen for samples. This method downloads the FPGA bitstream
* if not already loaded, sets divisor and starts up the antenna.
* @param divisor : 1, 88> 255 or negative ==> 134.8 KHz
* 				   0 or 95 ==> 125 KHz
*
**/
void LFSetupFPGAForADC(int divisor, bool lf_field)
{
    FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_LF);
    if ( (divisor == 1) || (divisor < 0) || (divisor > 255) )
        FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 88); //134.8Khz
    else if (divisor == 0)
        FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 95); //125Khz
    else
        FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, divisor);

    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_ADC | (lf_field ? FPGA_LF_ADC_READER_FIELD : 0));

    // Connect the A/D to the peak-detected low-frequency path.
    SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_LOPKD);
    // Give it a bit of time for the resonant antenna to settle.
    SpinDelay(50);
    // Now set up the SSC to get the ADC samples that are now streaming at us.
    FpgaSetupSsc();
}
/**
* Initializes the FPGA, and acquires the samples.
**/
void AcquireRawAdcSamples125k(int divisor)
{
    LFSetupFPGAForADC(divisor, true);
    // Now call the acquisition routine
    DoAcquisition125k_internal(-1,false);
}
/**
* Initializes the FPGA for snoop-mode, and acquires the samples.
**/

void SnoopLFRawAdcSamples(int divisor, int trigger_threshold)
{
    LFSetupFPGAForADC(divisor, false);
    DoAcquisition125k(trigger_threshold);
}

void ModThenAcquireRawAdcSamples125k(int delay_off, int period_0, int period_1, uint8_t *command)
{

    /* Make sure the tag is reset */
    FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_LF);
    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
    SpinDelay(2500);


    int divisor_used = 95; // 125 KHz
    // see if 'h' was specified

    if (command[strlen((char *) command) - 1] == 'h')
        divisor_used = 88; // 134.8 KHz


    FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, divisor_used);
    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_ADC | FPGA_LF_ADC_READER_FIELD);
    // Give it a bit of time for the resonant antenna to settle.
    SpinDelay(50);

    // And a little more time for the tag to fully power up
    SpinDelay(2000);

    // Now set up the SSC to get the ADC samples that are now streaming at us.
    FpgaSetupSsc();

    // now modulate the reader field
    while(*command != '\0' && *command != ' ') {
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
        LED_D_OFF();
        SpinDelayUs(delay_off);
        FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, divisor_used);

        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_ADC | FPGA_LF_ADC_READER_FIELD);
        LED_D_ON();
        if(*(command++) == '0')
            SpinDelayUs(period_0);
        else
            SpinDelayUs(period_1);
    }
    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
    LED_D_OFF();
    SpinDelayUs(delay_off);
    FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, divisor_used);

    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_ADC | FPGA_LF_ADC_READER_FIELD);

    // now do the read
    DoAcquisition125k(-1);
}

/* blank r/w tag data stream
...0000000000000000 01111111
1010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010
0011010010100001
01111111
101010101010101[0]000...

[5555fe852c5555555555555555fe0000]
*/
void ReadTItag(void)
{
    // some hardcoded initial params
    // when we read a TI tag we sample the zerocross line at 2Mhz
    // TI tags modulate a 1 as 16 cycles of 123.2Khz
    // TI tags modulate a 0 as 16 cycles of 134.2Khz
 #define FSAMPLE 2000000
 #define FREQLO 123200
 #define FREQHI 134200

    signed char *dest = (signed char *)BigBuf;
    int n = sizeof(BigBuf);
    // 128 bit shift register [shift3:shift2:shift1:shift0]
    uint32_t shift3 = 0, shift2 = 0, shift1 = 0, shift0 = 0;

    int i, cycles=0, samples=0;
    // how many sample points fit in 16 cycles of each frequency
    uint32_t sampleslo = (FSAMPLE<<4)/FREQLO, sampleshi = (FSAMPLE<<4)/FREQHI;
    // when to tell if we're close enough to one freq or another
    uint32_t threshold = (sampleslo - sampleshi + 1)>>1;

    // TI tags charge at 134.2Khz
    FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_LF);
    FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 88); //134.8Khz

    // Place FPGA in passthrough mode, in this mode the CROSS_LO line
    // connects to SSP_DIN and the SSP_DOUT logic level controls
    // whether we're modulating the antenna (high)
    // or listening to the antenna (low)
    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_PASSTHRU);

    // get TI tag data into the buffer
    AcquireTiType();

    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);

    for (i=0; i<n-1; i++) {
        // count cycles by looking for lo to hi zero crossings
        if ( (dest[i]<0) && (dest[i+1]>0) ) {
            cycles++;
            // after 16 cycles, measure the frequency
            if (cycles>15) {
                cycles=0;
                samples=i-samples; // number of samples in these 16 cycles

                // TI bits are coming to us lsb first so shift them
                // right through our 128 bit right shift register
                shift0 = (shift0>>1) | (shift1 << 31);
                shift1 = (shift1>>1) | (shift2 << 31);
                shift2 = (shift2>>1) | (shift3 << 31);
                shift3 >>= 1;

                // check if the cycles fall close to the number
                // expected for either the low or high frequency
                if ( (samples>(sampleslo-threshold)) && (samples<(sampleslo+threshold)) ) {
                    // low frequency represents a 1
                    shift3 |= (1<<31);
                } else if ( (samples>(sampleshi-threshold)) && (samples<(sampleshi+threshold)) ) {
                    // high frequency represents a 0
                } else {
                    // probably detected a gay waveform or noise
                    // use this as gaydar or discard shift register and start again
                    shift3 = shift2 = shift1 = shift0 = 0;
                }
                samples = i;

                // for each bit we receive, test if we've detected a valid tag

                // if we see 17 zeroes followed by 6 ones, we might have a tag
                // remember the bits are backwards
                if ( ((shift0 & 0x7fffff) == 0x7e0000) ) {
                    // if start and end bytes match, we have a tag so break out of the loop
                    if ( ((shift0>>16)&0xff) == ((shift3>>8)&0xff) ) {
                        cycles = 0xF0B; //use this as a flag (ugly but whatever)
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // if flag is set we have a tag
    if (cycles!=0xF0B) {
        DbpString("Info: No valid tag detected.");
    } else {
        // put 64 bit data into shift1 and shift0
        shift0 = (shift0>>24) | (shift1 << 8);
        shift1 = (shift1>>24) | (shift2 << 8);

        // align 16 bit crc into lower half of shift2
        shift2 = ((shift2>>24) | (shift3 << 8)) & 0x0ffff;

        // if r/w tag, check ident match
		if (shift3 & (1<<15) ) {
            DbpString("Info: TI tag is rewriteable");
            // only 15 bits compare, last bit of ident is not valid
			if (((shift3 >> 16) ^ shift0) & 0x7fff ) {
                DbpString("Error: Ident mismatch!");
            } else {
                DbpString("Info: TI tag ident is valid");
            }
        } else {
            DbpString("Info: TI tag is readonly");
        }

        // WARNING the order of the bytes in which we calc crc below needs checking
        // i'm 99% sure the crc algorithm is correct, but it may need to eat the
        // bytes in reverse or something
        // calculate CRC
        uint32_t crc=0;

        crc = update_crc16(crc, (shift0)&0xff);
        crc = update_crc16(crc, (shift0>>8)&0xff);
        crc = update_crc16(crc, (shift0>>16)&0xff);
        crc = update_crc16(crc, (shift0>>24)&0xff);
        crc = update_crc16(crc, (shift1)&0xff);
        crc = update_crc16(crc, (shift1>>8)&0xff);
        crc = update_crc16(crc, (shift1>>16)&0xff);
        crc = update_crc16(crc, (shift1>>24)&0xff);

        Dbprintf("Info: Tag data: %x%08x, crc=%x",
                 (unsigned int)shift1, (unsigned int)shift0, (unsigned int)shift2 & 0xFFFF);
        if (crc != (shift2&0xffff)) {
            Dbprintf("Error: CRC mismatch, expected %x", (unsigned int)crc);
        } else {
            DbpString("Info: CRC is good");
        }
    }
}

void WriteTIbyte(uint8_t b)
{
    int i = 0;

    // modulate 8 bits out to the antenna
    for (i=0; i<8; i++)
    {
        if (b&(1<<i)) {
            // stop modulating antenna
            LOW(GPIO_SSC_DOUT);
            SpinDelayUs(1000);
            // modulate antenna
            HIGH(GPIO_SSC_DOUT);
            SpinDelayUs(1000);
        } else {
            // stop modulating antenna
            LOW(GPIO_SSC_DOUT);
            SpinDelayUs(300);
            // modulate antenna
            HIGH(GPIO_SSC_DOUT);
            SpinDelayUs(1700);
        }
    }
}

void AcquireTiType(void)
{
    int i, j, n;
    // tag transmission is <20ms, sampling at 2M gives us 40K samples max
    // each sample is 1 bit stuffed into a uint32_t so we need 1250 uint32_t
 #define TIBUFLEN 1250

    // clear buffer
    memset(BigBuf,0,sizeof(BigBuf));

    // Set up the synchronous serial port
    AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_PDR = GPIO_SSC_DIN;
    AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_ASR = GPIO_SSC_DIN;

    // steal this pin from the SSP and use it to control the modulation
    AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_PER = GPIO_SSC_DOUT;
    AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_OER = GPIO_SSC_DOUT;

    AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_CR = AT91C_SSC_SWRST;
    AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_CR = AT91C_SSC_RXEN | AT91C_SSC_TXEN;

    // Sample at 2 Mbit/s, so TI tags are 16.2 vs. 14.9 clocks long
    // 48/2 = 24 MHz clock must be divided by 12
    AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_CMR = 12;

    AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RCMR = SSC_CLOCK_MODE_SELECT(0);
    AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RFMR = SSC_FRAME_MODE_BITS_IN_WORD(32) | AT91C_SSC_MSBF;
    AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_TCMR = 0;
    AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_TFMR = 0;

    LED_D_ON();

    // modulate antenna
    HIGH(GPIO_SSC_DOUT);

    // Charge TI tag for 50ms.
    SpinDelay(50);

    // stop modulating antenna and listen
    LOW(GPIO_SSC_DOUT);

    LED_D_OFF();

    i = 0;
    for(;;) {
        if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY) {
            BigBuf[i] = AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;	// store 32 bit values in buffer
            i++; if(i >= TIBUFLEN) break;
        }
        WDT_HIT();
    }

    // return stolen pin to SSP
    AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_PDR = GPIO_SSC_DOUT;
    AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_ASR = GPIO_SSC_DIN | GPIO_SSC_DOUT;

    char *dest = (char *)BigBuf;
    n = TIBUFLEN*32;
    // unpack buffer
    for (i=TIBUFLEN-1; i>=0; i--) {
        for (j=0; j<32; j++) {
            if(BigBuf[i] & (1 << j)) {
                dest[--n] = 1;
            } else {
                dest[--n] = -1;
            }
        }
    }
}

// arguments: 64bit data split into 32bit idhi:idlo and optional 16bit crc
// if crc provided, it will be written with the data verbatim (even if bogus)
// if not provided a valid crc will be computed from the data and written.
void WriteTItag(uint32_t idhi, uint32_t idlo, uint16_t crc)
{
    FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_LF);
    if(crc == 0) {
        crc = update_crc16(crc, (idlo)&0xff);
        crc = update_crc16(crc, (idlo>>8)&0xff);
        crc = update_crc16(crc, (idlo>>16)&0xff);
        crc = update_crc16(crc, (idlo>>24)&0xff);
        crc = update_crc16(crc, (idhi)&0xff);
        crc = update_crc16(crc, (idhi>>8)&0xff);
        crc = update_crc16(crc, (idhi>>16)&0xff);
        crc = update_crc16(crc, (idhi>>24)&0xff);
    }
    Dbprintf("Writing to tag: %x%08x, crc=%x",
             (unsigned int) idhi, (unsigned int) idlo, crc);

    // TI tags charge at 134.2Khz
    FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 88); //134.8Khz
    // Place FPGA in passthrough mode, in this mode the CROSS_LO line
    // connects to SSP_DIN and the SSP_DOUT logic level controls
    // whether we're modulating the antenna (high)
    // or listening to the antenna (low)
    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_PASSTHRU);
    LED_A_ON();

    // steal this pin from the SSP and use it to control the modulation
    AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_PER = GPIO_SSC_DOUT;
    AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_OER = GPIO_SSC_DOUT;

    // writing algorithm:
    // a high bit consists of a field off for 1ms and field on for 1ms
    // a low bit consists of a field off for 0.3ms and field on for 1.7ms
    // initiate a charge time of 50ms (field on) then immediately start writing bits
    // start by writing 0xBB (keyword) and 0xEB (password)
    // then write 80 bits of data (or 64 bit data + 16 bit crc if you prefer)
    // finally end with 0x0300 (write frame)
    // all data is sent lsb firts
    // finish with 15ms programming time

    // modulate antenna
    HIGH(GPIO_SSC_DOUT);
    SpinDelay(50);	// charge time

    WriteTIbyte(0xbb); // keyword
    WriteTIbyte(0xeb); // password
    WriteTIbyte( (idlo    )&0xff );
    WriteTIbyte( (idlo>>8 )&0xff );
    WriteTIbyte( (idlo>>16)&0xff );
    WriteTIbyte( (idlo>>24)&0xff );
    WriteTIbyte( (idhi    )&0xff );
    WriteTIbyte( (idhi>>8 )&0xff );
    WriteTIbyte( (idhi>>16)&0xff );
    WriteTIbyte( (idhi>>24)&0xff ); // data hi to lo
    WriteTIbyte( (crc     )&0xff ); // crc lo
    WriteTIbyte( (crc>>8  )&0xff ); // crc hi
    WriteTIbyte(0x00); // write frame lo
    WriteTIbyte(0x03); // write frame hi
    HIGH(GPIO_SSC_DOUT);
    SpinDelay(50);	// programming time

    LED_A_OFF();

    // get TI tag data into the buffer
    AcquireTiType();

    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
    DbpString("Now use tiread to check");
}

void SimulateTagLowFrequency(int period, int gap, int ledcontrol)
{
    int i;
    uint8_t *tab = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;

    FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_LF);
    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_EDGE_DETECT);

    AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_PER = GPIO_SSC_DOUT | GPIO_SSC_CLK;

    AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_OER = GPIO_SSC_DOUT;
    AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_ODR = GPIO_SSC_CLK;

#define SHORT_COIL()	LOW(GPIO_SSC_DOUT)
#define OPEN_COIL()		HIGH(GPIO_SSC_DOUT)

    i = 0;
    for(;;) {
        while(!(AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_PDSR & GPIO_SSC_CLK)) {
            if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
                DbpString("Stopped");
                return;
            }
            WDT_HIT();
        }

        if (ledcontrol)
            LED_D_ON();

        if(tab[i])
            OPEN_COIL();
        else
            SHORT_COIL();

        if (ledcontrol)
            LED_D_OFF();

        while(AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_PDSR & GPIO_SSC_CLK) {
            if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
                DbpString("Stopped");
                return;
            }
            WDT_HIT();
        }

        i++;
        if(i == period) {
            i = 0;
            if (gap) {
                SHORT_COIL();
                SpinDelayUs(gap);
            }
        }
    }
}

#define DEBUG_FRAME_CONTENTS 1
void SimulateTagLowFrequencyBidir(int divisor, int t0)
{
}

// compose fc/8 fc/10 waveform
static void fc(int c, int *n) {
    uint8_t *dest = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;
    int idx;

    // for when we want an fc8 pattern every 4 logical bits
    if(c==0) {
        dest[((*n)++)]=1;
        dest[((*n)++)]=1;
        dest[((*n)++)]=0;
        dest[((*n)++)]=0;
        dest[((*n)++)]=0;
        dest[((*n)++)]=0;
        dest[((*n)++)]=0;
        dest[((*n)++)]=0;
    }
    //	an fc/8  encoded bit is a bit pattern of  11000000  x6 = 48 samples
    if(c==8) {
        for (idx=0; idx<6; idx++) {
            dest[((*n)++)]=1;
            dest[((*n)++)]=1;
            dest[((*n)++)]=0;
            dest[((*n)++)]=0;
            dest[((*n)++)]=0;
            dest[((*n)++)]=0;
            dest[((*n)++)]=0;
            dest[((*n)++)]=0;
        }
    }

    //	an fc/10 encoded bit is a bit pattern of 1110000000 x5 = 50 samples
    if(c==10) {
        for (idx=0; idx<5; idx++) {
            dest[((*n)++)]=1;
            dest[((*n)++)]=1;
            dest[((*n)++)]=1;
            dest[((*n)++)]=0;
            dest[((*n)++)]=0;
            dest[((*n)++)]=0;
            dest[((*n)++)]=0;
            dest[((*n)++)]=0;
            dest[((*n)++)]=0;
            dest[((*n)++)]=0;
        }
    }
}

// prepare a waveform pattern in the buffer based on the ID given then
// simulate a HID tag until the button is pressed
void CmdHIDsimTAG(int hi, int lo, int ledcontrol)
{
    int n=0, i=0;
    /*
     HID tag bitstream format
     The tag contains a 44bit unique code. This is sent out MSB first in sets of 4 bits
     A 1 bit is represented as 6 fc8 and 5 fc10 patterns
     A 0 bit is represented as 5 fc10 and 6 fc8 patterns
     A fc8 is inserted before every 4 bits
     A special start of frame pattern is used consisting a0b0 where a and b are neither 0
     nor 1 bits, they are special patterns (a = set of 12 fc8 and b = set of 10 fc10)
    */

    if (hi>0xFFF) {
        DbpString("Tags can only have 44 bits.");
        return;
    }
    fc(0,&n);
    // special start of frame marker containing invalid bit sequences
    fc(8,  &n);	fc(8,  &n);	// invalid
    fc(8,  &n);	fc(10, &n); // logical 0
    fc(10, &n);	fc(10, &n); // invalid
    fc(8,  &n);	fc(10, &n); // logical 0

    WDT_HIT();
    // manchester encode bits 43 to 32
    for (i=11; i>=0; i--) {
        if ((i%4)==3) fc(0,&n);
        if ((hi>>i)&1) {
            fc(10, &n);	fc(8,  &n);		// low-high transition
        } else {
            fc(8,  &n);	fc(10, &n);		// high-low transition
        }
    }

    WDT_HIT();
    // manchester encode bits 31 to 0
    for (i=31; i>=0; i--) {
        if ((i%4)==3) fc(0,&n);
        if ((lo>>i)&1) {
            fc(10, &n);	fc(8,  &n);		// low-high transition
        } else {
            fc(8,  &n);	fc(10, &n);		// high-low transition
        }
    }

    if (ledcontrol)
        LED_A_ON();
    SimulateTagLowFrequency(n, 0, ledcontrol);

    if (ledcontrol)
        LED_A_OFF();
}

// loop to get raw HID waveform then FSK demodulate the TAG ID from it
void CmdHIDdemodFSK(int findone, int *high, int *low, int ledcontrol)
{
    uint8_t *dest = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;

    size_t size=0; //, found=0;
    uint32_t hi2=0, hi=0, lo=0;

    // Configure to go in 125Khz listen mode
    LFSetupFPGAForADC(95, true);

    while(!BUTTON_PRESS()) {

        WDT_HIT();
        if (ledcontrol) LED_A_ON();

        DoAcquisition125k_internal(-1,true);
        // FSK demodulator
		size = HIDdemodFSK(dest, sizeof(BigBuf), &hi2, &hi, &lo);

        WDT_HIT();

		if (size>0 && lo>0){
            // final loop, go over previously decoded manchester data and decode into usable tag ID
            // 111000 bit pattern represent start of frame, 01 pattern represents a 1 and 10 represents a 0
            if (hi2 != 0){ //extra large HID tags
                Dbprintf("TAG ID: %x%08x%08x (%d)",
                         (unsigned int) hi2, (unsigned int) hi, (unsigned int) lo, (unsigned int) (lo>>1) & 0xFFFF);
            }else {  //standard HID tags <38 bits
                //Dbprintf("TAG ID: %x%08x (%d)",(unsigned int) hi, (unsigned int) lo, (unsigned int) (lo>>1) & 0xFFFF); //old print cmd
                uint8_t bitlen = 0;
                uint32_t fc = 0;
                uint32_t cardnum = 0;
				if (((hi>>5)&1) == 1){//if bit 38 is set then < 37 bit format is used
                    uint32_t lo2=0;
                    lo2=(((hi & 31) << 12) | (lo>>20)); //get bits 21-37 to check for format len bit
                    uint8_t idx3 = 1;
					while(lo2 > 1){ //find last bit set to 1 (format len bit)
						lo2=lo2 >> 1;
                        idx3++;
                    }
					bitlen = idx3+19;
                    fc =0;
                    cardnum=0;
					if(bitlen == 26){
                        cardnum = (lo>>1)&0xFFFF;
                        fc = (lo>>17)&0xFF;
                    }
					if(bitlen == 37){
                        cardnum = (lo>>1)&0x7FFFF;
                        fc = ((hi&0xF)<<12)|(lo>>20);
                    }
					if(bitlen == 34){
                        cardnum = (lo>>1)&0xFFFF;
                        fc= ((hi&1)<<15)|(lo>>17);
                    }
					if(bitlen == 35){
                        cardnum = (lo>>1)&0xFFFFF;
                        fc = ((hi&1)<<11)|(lo>>21);
                    }
                }
                else { //if bit 38 is not set then 37 bit format is used
                    bitlen= 37;
                    fc =0;
                    cardnum=0;
                    if(bitlen==37){
                        cardnum = (lo>>1)&0x7FFFF;
                        fc = ((hi&0xF)<<12)|(lo>>20);
                    }
                }
                //Dbprintf("TAG ID: %x%08x (%d)",
                // (unsigned int) hi, (unsigned int) lo, (unsigned int) (lo>>1) & 0xFFFF);
                Dbprintf("TAG ID: %x%08x (%d) - Format Len: %dbit - FC: %d - Card: %d",
                         (unsigned int) hi, (unsigned int) lo, (unsigned int) (lo>>1) & 0xFFFF,
                         (unsigned int) bitlen, (unsigned int) fc, (unsigned int) cardnum);
            }
            if (findone){
                if (ledcontrol)	LED_A_OFF();
                return;
            }
            // reset
            hi2 = hi = lo = 0;
        }
        WDT_HIT();
    }
    DbpString("Stopped");
    if (ledcontrol) LED_A_OFF();
}

void CmdEM410xdemod(int findone, int *high, int *low, int ledcontrol)
{
    uint8_t *dest = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;

	size_t size=0;
    int clk=0, invert=0, errCnt=0;
    uint64_t lo=0;
    // Configure to go in 125Khz listen mode
    LFSetupFPGAForADC(95, true);

    while(!BUTTON_PRESS()) {

        WDT_HIT();
        if (ledcontrol) LED_A_ON();

        DoAcquisition125k_internal(-1,true);
        size  = sizeof(BigBuf);
        //Dbprintf("DEBUG: Buffer got");
		//askdemod and manchester decode
		errCnt = askmandemod(dest, &size, &clk, &invert);
        //Dbprintf("DEBUG: ASK Got");
        WDT_HIT();

        if (errCnt>=0){
			lo = Em410xDecode(dest,size);
            //Dbprintf("DEBUG: EM GOT");
            if (lo>0){
				Dbprintf("EM TAG ID: %02x%08x - (%05d_%03d_%08d)",
				    (uint32_t)(lo>>32),
				    (uint32_t)lo,
				    (uint32_t)(lo&0xFFFF),
				    (uint32_t)((lo>>16LL) & 0xFF),
				    (uint32_t)(lo & 0xFFFFFF));
            }
            if (findone){
                if (ledcontrol)	LED_A_OFF();
                return;
            }
        } else{
            //Dbprintf("DEBUG: No Tag");
        }
        WDT_HIT();
        lo = 0;
        clk=0;
        invert=0;
        errCnt=0;
        size=0;
    }
    DbpString("Stopped");
    if (ledcontrol) LED_A_OFF();
}

void CmdIOdemodFSK(int findone, int *high, int *low, int ledcontrol)
{
    uint8_t *dest = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;
    int idx=0;
    uint32_t code=0, code2=0;
    uint8_t version=0;
    uint8_t facilitycode=0;
    uint16_t number=0;
    // Configure to go in 125Khz listen mode
    LFSetupFPGAForADC(95, true);

    while(!BUTTON_PRESS()) {
        WDT_HIT();
        if (ledcontrol) LED_A_ON();
        DoAcquisition125k_internal(-1,true);
        //fskdemod and get start index
        WDT_HIT();
        idx = IOdemodFSK(dest,sizeof(BigBuf));
        if (idx>0){
            //valid tag found

            //Index map
            //0           10          20          30          40          50          60
            //|           |           |           |           |           |           |
            //01234567 8 90123456 7 89012345 6 78901234 5 67890123 4 56789012 3 45678901 23
            //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
            //00000000 0 11110000 1 facility 1 version* 1 code*one 1 code*two 1 ???????? 11
            //
            //XSF(version)facility:codeone+codetwo
            //Handle the data
            if(findone){ //only print binary if we are doing one
                Dbprintf("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d",dest[idx],   dest[idx+1],   dest[idx+2],dest[idx+3],dest[idx+4],dest[idx+5],dest[idx+6],dest[idx+7],dest[idx+8]);
                Dbprintf("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d",dest[idx+9], dest[idx+10],dest[idx+11],dest[idx+12],dest[idx+13],dest[idx+14],dest[idx+15],dest[idx+16],dest[idx+17]);
                Dbprintf("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d",dest[idx+18],dest[idx+19],dest[idx+20],dest[idx+21],dest[idx+22],dest[idx+23],dest[idx+24],dest[idx+25],dest[idx+26]);
                Dbprintf("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d",dest[idx+27],dest[idx+28],dest[idx+29],dest[idx+30],dest[idx+31],dest[idx+32],dest[idx+33],dest[idx+34],dest[idx+35]);
                Dbprintf("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d",dest[idx+36],dest[idx+37],dest[idx+38],dest[idx+39],dest[idx+40],dest[idx+41],dest[idx+42],dest[idx+43],dest[idx+44]);
                Dbprintf("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d",dest[idx+45],dest[idx+46],dest[idx+47],dest[idx+48],dest[idx+49],dest[idx+50],dest[idx+51],dest[idx+52],dest[idx+53]);
                Dbprintf("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d%d",dest[idx+54],dest[idx+55],dest[idx+56],dest[idx+57],dest[idx+58],dest[idx+59],dest[idx+60],dest[idx+61],dest[idx+62],dest[idx+63]);
            }
            code = bytebits_to_byte(dest+idx,32);
            code2 = bytebits_to_byte(dest+idx+32,32);
            version = bytebits_to_byte(dest+idx+27,8); //14,4
            facilitycode = bytebits_to_byte(dest+idx+18,8) ;
            number = (bytebits_to_byte(dest+idx+36,8)<<8)|(bytebits_to_byte(dest+idx+45,8)); //36,9

            Dbprintf("XSF(%02d)%02x:%05d (%08x%08x)",version,facilitycode,number,code,code2);
            // if we're only looking for one tag
            if (findone){
                if (ledcontrol)	LED_A_OFF();
                //LED_A_OFF();
                return;
            }
            code=code2=0;
            version=facilitycode=0;
            number=0;
            idx=0;
        }
        WDT_HIT();
    }
    DbpString("Stopped");
    if (ledcontrol) LED_A_OFF();
}

/*------------------------------
 * T5555/T5557/T5567 routines
 *------------------------------
 */

/* T55x7 configuration register definitions */
#define T55x7_POR_DELAY			0x00000001
#define T55x7_ST_TERMINATOR		0x00000008
#define T55x7_PWD			0x00000010
#define T55x7_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT		5
#define T55x7_AOR			0x00000200
#define T55x7_PSKCF_RF_2		0
#define T55x7_PSKCF_RF_4		0x00000400
#define T55x7_PSKCF_RF_8		0x00000800
#define T55x7_MODULATION_DIRECT		0
#define T55x7_MODULATION_PSK1		0x00001000
#define T55x7_MODULATION_PSK2		0x00002000
#define T55x7_MODULATION_PSK3		0x00003000
#define T55x7_MODULATION_FSK1		0x00004000
#define T55x7_MODULATION_FSK2		0x00005000
#define T55x7_MODULATION_FSK1a		0x00006000
#define T55x7_MODULATION_FSK2a		0x00007000
#define T55x7_MODULATION_MANCHESTER	0x00008000
#define T55x7_MODULATION_BIPHASE	0x00010000
#define T55x7_BITRATE_RF_8		0
#define T55x7_BITRATE_RF_16		0x00040000
#define T55x7_BITRATE_RF_32		0x00080000
#define T55x7_BITRATE_RF_40		0x000C0000
#define T55x7_BITRATE_RF_50		0x00100000
#define T55x7_BITRATE_RF_64		0x00140000
#define T55x7_BITRATE_RF_100		0x00180000
#define T55x7_BITRATE_RF_128		0x001C0000

/* T5555 (Q5) configuration register definitions */
#define T5555_ST_TERMINATOR		0x00000001
#define T5555_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT		0x00000001
#define T5555_MODULATION_MANCHESTER	0
#define T5555_MODULATION_PSK1		0x00000010
#define T5555_MODULATION_PSK2		0x00000020
#define T5555_MODULATION_PSK3		0x00000030
#define T5555_MODULATION_FSK1		0x00000040
#define T5555_MODULATION_FSK2		0x00000050
#define T5555_MODULATION_BIPHASE	0x00000060
#define T5555_MODULATION_DIRECT		0x00000070
#define T5555_INVERT_OUTPUT		0x00000080
#define T5555_PSK_RF_2			0
#define T5555_PSK_RF_4			0x00000100
#define T5555_PSK_RF_8			0x00000200
#define T5555_USE_PWD			0x00000400
#define T5555_USE_AOR			0x00000800
#define T5555_BITRATE_SHIFT		12
#define T5555_FAST_WRITE		0x00004000
#define T5555_PAGE_SELECT		0x00008000

/*
 * Relevant times in microsecond
 * To compensate antenna falling times shorten the write times
 * and enlarge the gap ones.
 */
#define START_GAP 250
#define WRITE_GAP 160
#define WRITE_0   144 // 192
#define WRITE_1   400 // 432 for T55x7; 448 for E5550

// Write one bit to card
void T55xxWriteBit(int bit)
{
    FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_LF);
    FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 95); //125Khz
    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_ADC | FPGA_LF_ADC_READER_FIELD);
    if (bit == 0)
        SpinDelayUs(WRITE_0);
    else
        SpinDelayUs(WRITE_1);
    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
    SpinDelayUs(WRITE_GAP);
}

// Write one card block in page 0, no lock
void T55xxWriteBlock(uint32_t Data, uint32_t Block, uint32_t Pwd, uint8_t PwdMode)
{
    //unsigned int i;  //enio adjustment 12/10/14
    uint32_t i;

    FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_LF);
    FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 95); //125Khz
    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_ADC | FPGA_LF_ADC_READER_FIELD);

    // Give it a bit of time for the resonant antenna to settle.
    // And for the tag to fully power up
    SpinDelay(150);

    // Now start writting
    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
    SpinDelayUs(START_GAP);

    // Opcode
    T55xxWriteBit(1);
    T55xxWriteBit(0); //Page 0
    if (PwdMode == 1){
        // Pwd
        for (i = 0x80000000; i != 0; i >>= 1)
            T55xxWriteBit(Pwd & i);
    }
    // Lock bit
    T55xxWriteBit(0);

    // Data
    for (i = 0x80000000; i != 0; i >>= 1)
        T55xxWriteBit(Data & i);

    // Block
    for (i = 0x04; i != 0; i >>= 1)
        T55xxWriteBit(Block & i);

    // Now perform write (nominal is 5.6 ms for T55x7 and 18ms for E5550,
    // so wait a little more)
    FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 95); //125Khz
    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_ADC | FPGA_LF_ADC_READER_FIELD);
    SpinDelay(20);
    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
}

// Read one card block in page 0
void T55xxReadBlock(uint32_t Block, uint32_t Pwd, uint8_t PwdMode)
{
    uint8_t *dest = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;
    //int m=0, i=0; //enio adjustment 12/10/14
    uint32_t m=0, i=0;
    FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_LF);
    m = sizeof(BigBuf);
    // Clear destination buffer before sending the command
    memset(dest, 128, m);
    // Connect the A/D to the peak-detected low-frequency path.
    SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_LOPKD);
    // Now set up the SSC to get the ADC samples that are now streaming at us.
    FpgaSetupSsc();

    LED_D_ON();
    FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 95); //125Khz
    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_ADC | FPGA_LF_ADC_READER_FIELD);

    // Give it a bit of time for the resonant antenna to settle.
    // And for the tag to fully power up
    SpinDelay(150);

    // Now start writting
    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
    SpinDelayUs(START_GAP);

    // Opcode
    T55xxWriteBit(1);
    T55xxWriteBit(0); //Page 0
    if (PwdMode == 1){
        // Pwd
        for (i = 0x80000000; i != 0; i >>= 1)
            T55xxWriteBit(Pwd & i);
    }
    // Lock bit
    T55xxWriteBit(0);
    // Block
    for (i = 0x04; i != 0; i >>= 1)
        T55xxWriteBit(Block & i);

    // Turn field on to read the response
    FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 95); //125Khz
    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_ADC | FPGA_LF_ADC_READER_FIELD);

    // Now do the acquisition
    i = 0;
    for(;;) {
        if (AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_TXRDY) {
            AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0x43;
        }
        if (AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY) {
            dest[i] = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
            // we don't care about actual value, only if it's more or less than a
            // threshold essentially we capture zero crossings for later analysis
            //			if(dest[i] < 127) dest[i] = 0; else dest[i] = 1;
            i++;
            if (i >= m) break;
        }
    }

    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF); // field off
    LED_D_OFF();
    DbpString("DONE!");
}

// Read card traceability data (page 1)
void T55xxReadTrace(void){
    uint8_t *dest = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;
    int m=0, i=0;

    FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_LF);
    m = sizeof(BigBuf);
    // Clear destination buffer before sending the command
    memset(dest, 128, m);
    // Connect the A/D to the peak-detected low-frequency path.
    SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_LOPKD);
    // Now set up the SSC to get the ADC samples that are now streaming at us.
    FpgaSetupSsc();

    LED_D_ON();
    FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 95); //125Khz
    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_ADC | FPGA_LF_ADC_READER_FIELD);

    // Give it a bit of time for the resonant antenna to settle.
    // And for the tag to fully power up
    SpinDelay(150);

    // Now start writting
    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
    SpinDelayUs(START_GAP);

    // Opcode
    T55xxWriteBit(1);
    T55xxWriteBit(1); //Page 1

    // Turn field on to read the response
    FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 95); //125Khz
    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_ADC | FPGA_LF_ADC_READER_FIELD);

    // Now do the acquisition
    i = 0;
    for(;;) {
        if (AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_TXRDY) {
            AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0x43;
        }
        if (AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY) {
            dest[i] = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
            i++;
            if (i >= m) break;
        }
    }

    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF); // field off
    LED_D_OFF();
    DbpString("DONE!");
}

/*-------------- Cloning routines -----------*/
// Copy HID id to card and setup block 0 config
void CopyHIDtoT55x7(uint32_t hi2, uint32_t hi, uint32_t lo, uint8_t longFMT)
{
    int data1=0, data2=0, data3=0, data4=0, data5=0, data6=0; //up to six blocks for long format
    int last_block = 0;

    if (longFMT){
        // Ensure no more than 84 bits supplied
        if (hi2>0xFFFFF) {
            DbpString("Tags can only have 84 bits.");
            return;
        }
        // Build the 6 data blocks for supplied 84bit ID
        last_block = 6;
        data1 = 0x1D96A900; // load preamble (1D) & long format identifier (9E manchester encoded)
        for (int i=0;i<4;i++) {
            if (hi2 & (1<<(19-i)))
                data1 |= (1<<(((3-i)*2)+1)); // 1 -> 10
            else
                data1 |= (1<<((3-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
        }

        data2 = 0;
        for (int i=0;i<16;i++) {
            if (hi2 & (1<<(15-i)))
                data2 |= (1<<(((15-i)*2)+1)); // 1 -> 10
            else
                data2 |= (1<<((15-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
        }

        data3 = 0;
        for (int i=0;i<16;i++) {
            if (hi & (1<<(31-i)))
                data3 |= (1<<(((15-i)*2)+1)); // 1 -> 10
            else
                data3 |= (1<<((15-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
        }

        data4 = 0;
        for (int i=0;i<16;i++) {
            if (hi & (1<<(15-i)))
                data4 |= (1<<(((15-i)*2)+1)); // 1 -> 10
            else
                data4 |= (1<<((15-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
        }

        data5 = 0;
        for (int i=0;i<16;i++) {
            if (lo & (1<<(31-i)))
                data5 |= (1<<(((15-i)*2)+1)); // 1 -> 10
            else
                data5 |= (1<<((15-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
        }

        data6 = 0;
        for (int i=0;i<16;i++) {
            if (lo & (1<<(15-i)))
                data6 |= (1<<(((15-i)*2)+1)); // 1 -> 10
            else
                data6 |= (1<<((15-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
        }
    }
    else {
        // Ensure no more than 44 bits supplied
        if (hi>0xFFF) {
            DbpString("Tags can only have 44 bits.");
            return;
        }

        // Build the 3 data blocks for supplied 44bit ID
        last_block = 3;

        data1 = 0x1D000000; // load preamble

        for (int i=0;i<12;i++) {
            if (hi & (1<<(11-i)))
                data1 |= (1<<(((11-i)*2)+1)); // 1 -> 10
            else
                data1 |= (1<<((11-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
        }

        data2 = 0;
        for (int i=0;i<16;i++) {
            if (lo & (1<<(31-i)))
                data2 |= (1<<(((15-i)*2)+1)); // 1 -> 10
            else
                data2 |= (1<<((15-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
        }

        data3 = 0;
        for (int i=0;i<16;i++) {
            if (lo & (1<<(15-i)))
                data3 |= (1<<(((15-i)*2)+1)); // 1 -> 10
            else
                data3 |= (1<<((15-i)*2)); // 0 -> 01
        }
    }

    LED_D_ON();
    // Program the data blocks for supplied ID
    // and the block 0 for HID format
    T55xxWriteBlock(data1,1,0,0);
    T55xxWriteBlock(data2,2,0,0);
    T55xxWriteBlock(data3,3,0,0);

    if (longFMT) { // if long format there are 6 blocks
        T55xxWriteBlock(data4,4,0,0);
        T55xxWriteBlock(data5,5,0,0);
        T55xxWriteBlock(data6,6,0,0);
    }

    // Config for HID (RF/50, FSK2a, Maxblock=3 for short/6 for long)
    T55xxWriteBlock(T55x7_BITRATE_RF_50    |
                    T55x7_MODULATION_FSK2a |
                    last_block << T55x7_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT,
                    0,0,0);

    LED_D_OFF();

    DbpString("DONE!");
}

void CopyIOtoT55x7(uint32_t hi, uint32_t lo, uint8_t longFMT)
{
    int data1=0, data2=0; //up to six blocks for long format

    data1 = hi;  // load preamble
    data2 = lo;

    LED_D_ON();
    // Program the data blocks for supplied ID
    // and the block 0 for HID format
    T55xxWriteBlock(data1,1,0,0);
    T55xxWriteBlock(data2,2,0,0);

    //Config Block
    T55xxWriteBlock(0x00147040,0,0,0);
    LED_D_OFF();

    DbpString("DONE!");
}

// Define 9bit header for EM410x tags
#define EM410X_HEADER		0x1FF
#define EM410X_ID_LENGTH	40

void WriteEM410x(uint32_t card, uint32_t id_hi, uint32_t id_lo)
{
    int i, id_bit;
    uint64_t id = EM410X_HEADER;
    uint64_t rev_id = 0;	// reversed ID
    int c_parity[4];	// column parity
    int r_parity = 0;	// row parity
    uint32_t clock = 0;

    // Reverse ID bits given as parameter (for simpler operations)
    for (i = 0; i < EM410X_ID_LENGTH; ++i) {
        if (i < 32) {
            rev_id = (rev_id << 1) | (id_lo & 1);
            id_lo >>= 1;
        } else {
            rev_id = (rev_id << 1) | (id_hi & 1);
            id_hi >>= 1;
        }
    }

    for (i = 0; i < EM410X_ID_LENGTH; ++i) {
        id_bit = rev_id & 1;

        if (i % 4 == 0) {
            // Don't write row parity bit at start of parsing
            if (i)
                id = (id << 1) | r_parity;
            // Start counting parity for new row
            r_parity = id_bit;
        } else {
            // Count row parity
            r_parity ^= id_bit;
        }

        // First elements in column?
        if (i < 4)
            // Fill out first elements
            c_parity[i] = id_bit;
        else
            // Count column parity
            c_parity[i % 4] ^= id_bit;

        // Insert ID bit
        id = (id << 1) | id_bit;
        rev_id >>= 1;
    }

    // Insert parity bit of last row
    id = (id << 1) | r_parity;

    // Fill out column parity at the end of tag
    for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
        id = (id << 1) | c_parity[i];

    // Add stop bit
    id <<= 1;

    Dbprintf("Started writing %s tag ...", card ? "T55x7":"T5555");
    LED_D_ON();

    // Write EM410x ID
    T55xxWriteBlock((uint32_t)(id >> 32), 1, 0, 0);
    T55xxWriteBlock((uint32_t)id, 2, 0, 0);

    // Config for EM410x (RF/64, Manchester, Maxblock=2)
    if (card) {
        // Clock rate is stored in bits 8-15 of the card value
        clock = (card & 0xFF00) >> 8;
        Dbprintf("Clock rate: %d", clock);
        switch (clock)
        {
        case 32:
            clock = T55x7_BITRATE_RF_32;
            break;
        case 16:
            clock = T55x7_BITRATE_RF_16;
            break;
        case 0:
            // A value of 0 is assumed to be 64 for backwards-compatibility
            // Fall through...
        case 64:
            clock = T55x7_BITRATE_RF_64;
            break;
        default:
            Dbprintf("Invalid clock rate: %d", clock);
            return;
        }

        // Writing configuration for T55x7 tag
        T55xxWriteBlock(clock	    |
                        T55x7_MODULATION_MANCHESTER |
                        2 << T55x7_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT,
                        0, 0, 0);
    }
    else
        // Writing configuration for T5555(Q5) tag
        T55xxWriteBlock(0x1F << T5555_BITRATE_SHIFT |
                        T5555_MODULATION_MANCHESTER   |
                        2 << T5555_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT,
                        0, 0, 0);

    LED_D_OFF();
    Dbprintf("Tag %s written with 0x%08x%08x\n", card ? "T55x7":"T5555",
             (uint32_t)(id >> 32), (uint32_t)id);
}

// Clone Indala 64-bit tag by UID to T55x7
void CopyIndala64toT55x7(int hi, int lo)
{

    //Program the 2 data blocks for supplied 64bit UID
    // and the block 0 for Indala64 format
    T55xxWriteBlock(hi,1,0,0);
    T55xxWriteBlock(lo,2,0,0);
    //Config for Indala (RF/32;PSK1 with RF/2;Maxblock=2)
    T55xxWriteBlock(T55x7_BITRATE_RF_32    |
                    T55x7_MODULATION_PSK1 |
                    2 << T55x7_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT,
                    0, 0, 0);
    //Alternative config for Indala (Extended mode;RF/32;PSK1 with RF/2;Maxblock=2;Inverse data)
    //	T5567WriteBlock(0x603E1042,0);

    DbpString("DONE!");

}

void CopyIndala224toT55x7(int uid1, int uid2, int uid3, int uid4, int uid5, int uid6, int uid7)
{

    //Program the 7 data blocks for supplied 224bit UID
    // and the block 0 for Indala224 format
    T55xxWriteBlock(uid1,1,0,0);
    T55xxWriteBlock(uid2,2,0,0);
    T55xxWriteBlock(uid3,3,0,0);
    T55xxWriteBlock(uid4,4,0,0);
    T55xxWriteBlock(uid5,5,0,0);
    T55xxWriteBlock(uid6,6,0,0);
    T55xxWriteBlock(uid7,7,0,0);
    //Config for Indala (RF/32;PSK1 with RF/2;Maxblock=7)
    T55xxWriteBlock(T55x7_BITRATE_RF_32    |
                    T55x7_MODULATION_PSK1 |
                    7 << T55x7_MAXBLOCK_SHIFT,
                    0,0,0);
    //Alternative config for Indala (Extended mode;RF/32;PSK1 with RF/2;Maxblock=7;Inverse data)
    //	T5567WriteBlock(0x603E10E2,0);

    DbpString("DONE!");

}


#define abs(x) ( ((x)<0) ? -(x) : (x) )
#define max(x,y) ( x<y ? y:x)

int DemodPCF7931(uint8_t **outBlocks) {
    uint8_t BitStream[256];
    uint8_t Blocks[8][16];
    uint8_t *GraphBuffer = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;
    int GraphTraceLen = sizeof(BigBuf);
    int i, j, lastval, bitidx, half_switch;
    int clock = 64;
    int tolerance = clock / 8;
    int pmc, block_done;
    int lc, warnings = 0;
    int num_blocks = 0;
    int lmin=128, lmax=128;
    uint8_t dir;

    AcquireRawAdcSamples125k(0);

    lmin = 64;
    lmax = 192;

    i = 2;

    /* Find first local max/min */
    if(GraphBuffer[1] > GraphBuffer[0]) {
        while(i < GraphTraceLen) {
            if( !(GraphBuffer[i] > GraphBuffer[i-1]) && GraphBuffer[i] > lmax)
                break;
            i++;
        }
        dir = 0;
    }
    else {
        while(i < GraphTraceLen) {
            if( !(GraphBuffer[i] < GraphBuffer[i-1]) && GraphBuffer[i] < lmin)
                break;
            i++;
        }
        dir = 1;
    }

    lastval = i++;
    half_switch = 0;
    pmc = 0;
    block_done = 0;

    for (bitidx = 0; i < GraphTraceLen; i++)
    {
        if ( (GraphBuffer[i-1] > GraphBuffer[i] && dir == 1 && GraphBuffer[i] > lmax) || (GraphBuffer[i-1] < GraphBuffer[i] && dir == 0 && GraphBuffer[i] < lmin))
        {
            lc = i - lastval;
            lastval = i;

            // Switch depending on lc length:
            // Tolerance is 1/8 of clock rate (arbitrary)
            if (abs(lc-clock/4) < tolerance) {
                // 16T0
                if((i - pmc) == lc) { /* 16T0 was previous one */
                    /* It's a PMC ! */
                    i += (128+127+16+32+33+16)-1;
                    lastval = i;
                    pmc = 0;
                    block_done = 1;
                }
                else {
                    pmc = i;
                }
            } else if (abs(lc-clock/2) < tolerance) {
                // 32TO
                if((i - pmc) == lc) { /* 16T0 was previous one */
                    /* It's a PMC ! */
                    i += (128+127+16+32+33)-1;
                    lastval = i;
                    pmc = 0;
                    block_done = 1;
                }
                else if(half_switch == 1) {
                    BitStream[bitidx++] = 0;
                    half_switch = 0;
                }
                else
                    half_switch++;
            } else if (abs(lc-clock) < tolerance) {
                // 64TO
                BitStream[bitidx++] = 1;
            } else {
                // Error
                warnings++;
                if (warnings > 10)
                {
                    Dbprintf("Error: too many detection errors, aborting.");
                    return 0;
                }
            }

            if(block_done == 1) {
                if(bitidx == 128) {
                    for(j=0; j<16; j++) {
                        Blocks[num_blocks][j] = 128*BitStream[j*8+7]+
                                64*BitStream[j*8+6]+
                                32*BitStream[j*8+5]+
                                16*BitStream[j*8+4]+
                                8*BitStream[j*8+3]+
                                4*BitStream[j*8+2]+
                                2*BitStream[j*8+1]+
                                BitStream[j*8];
                    }
                    num_blocks++;
                }
                bitidx = 0;
                block_done = 0;
                half_switch = 0;
            }
            if(i < GraphTraceLen)
            {
                if (GraphBuffer[i-1] > GraphBuffer[i]) dir=0;
                else dir = 1;
            }
        }
        if(bitidx==255)
            bitidx=0;
        warnings = 0;
        if(num_blocks == 4) break;
    }
    memcpy(outBlocks, Blocks, 16*num_blocks);
    return num_blocks;
}

int IsBlock0PCF7931(uint8_t *Block) {
    // Assume RFU means 0 :)
    if((memcmp(Block, "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01", 8) == 0) && memcmp(Block+9, "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", 7) == 0) // PAC enabled
        return 1;
    if((memcmp(Block+9, "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", 7) == 0) && Block[7] == 0) // PAC disabled, can it *really* happen ?
        return 1;
    return 0;
}

int IsBlock1PCF7931(uint8_t *Block) {
    // Assume RFU means 0 :)
    if(Block[10] == 0 && Block[11] == 0 && Block[12] == 0 && Block[13] == 0)
        if((Block[14] & 0x7f) <= 9 && Block[15] <= 9)
            return 1;

    return 0;
}

#define ALLOC 16

void ReadPCF7931() {
    uint8_t Blocks[8][17];
    uint8_t tmpBlocks[4][16];
    int i, j, ind, ind2, n;
    int num_blocks = 0;
    int max_blocks = 8;
    int ident = 0;
    int error = 0;
    int tries = 0;

    memset(Blocks, 0, 8*17*sizeof(uint8_t));

    do {
        memset(tmpBlocks, 0, 4*16*sizeof(uint8_t));
        n = DemodPCF7931((uint8_t**)tmpBlocks);
        if(!n)
            error++;
        if(error==10 && num_blocks == 0) {
            Dbprintf("Error, no tag or bad tag");
            return;
        }
        else if (tries==20 || error==10) {
            Dbprintf("Error reading the tag");
            Dbprintf("Here is the partial content");
            goto end;
        }

        for(i=0; i<n; i++)
            Dbprintf("(dbg) %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x",
                     tmpBlocks[i][0], tmpBlocks[i][1], tmpBlocks[i][2], tmpBlocks[i][3], tmpBlocks[i][4], tmpBlocks[i][5], tmpBlocks[i][6], tmpBlocks[i][7],
                    tmpBlocks[i][8], tmpBlocks[i][9], tmpBlocks[i][10], tmpBlocks[i][11], tmpBlocks[i][12], tmpBlocks[i][13], tmpBlocks[i][14], tmpBlocks[i][15]);
        if(!ident) {
            for(i=0; i<n; i++) {
                if(IsBlock0PCF7931(tmpBlocks[i])) {
                    // Found block 0 ?
                    if(i < n-1 && IsBlock1PCF7931(tmpBlocks[i+1])) {
                        // Found block 1!
                        // \o/
                        ident = 1;
                        memcpy(Blocks[0], tmpBlocks[i], 16);
                        Blocks[0][ALLOC] = 1;
                        memcpy(Blocks[1], tmpBlocks[i+1], 16);
                        Blocks[1][ALLOC] = 1;
                        max_blocks = max((Blocks[1][14] & 0x7f), Blocks[1][15]) + 1;
                        // Debug print
                        Dbprintf("(dbg) Max blocks: %d", max_blocks);
                        num_blocks = 2;
                        // Handle following blocks
                        for(j=i+2, ind2=2; j!=i; j++, ind2++, num_blocks++) {
                            if(j==n) j=0;
                            if(j==i) break;
                            memcpy(Blocks[ind2], tmpBlocks[j], 16);
                            Blocks[ind2][ALLOC] = 1;
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            for(i=0; i<n; i++) { // Look for identical block in known blocks
                if(memcmp(tmpBlocks[i], "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", 16)) { // Block is not full of 00
                    for(j=0; j<max_blocks; j++) {
                        if(Blocks[j][ALLOC] == 1 && !memcmp(tmpBlocks[i], Blocks[j], 16)) {
                            // Found an identical block
                            for(ind=i-1,ind2=j-1; ind >= 0; ind--,ind2--) {
                                if(ind2 < 0)
                                    ind2 = max_blocks;
                                if(!Blocks[ind2][ALLOC]) { // Block ind2 not already found
                                    // Dbprintf("Tmp %d -> Block %d", ind, ind2);
                                    memcpy(Blocks[ind2], tmpBlocks[ind], 16);
                                    Blocks[ind2][ALLOC] = 1;
                                    num_blocks++;
                                    if(num_blocks == max_blocks) goto end;
                                }
                            }
                            for(ind=i+1,ind2=j+1; ind < n; ind++,ind2++) {
                                if(ind2 > max_blocks)
                                    ind2 = 0;
                                if(!Blocks[ind2][ALLOC]) { // Block ind2 not already found
                                    // Dbprintf("Tmp %d -> Block %d", ind, ind2);
                                    memcpy(Blocks[ind2], tmpBlocks[ind], 16);
                                    Blocks[ind2][ALLOC] = 1;
                                    num_blocks++;
                                    if(num_blocks == max_blocks) goto end;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        tries++;
        if (BUTTON_PRESS()) return;
    } while (num_blocks != max_blocks);
end:
    Dbprintf("-----------------------------------------");
    Dbprintf("Memory content:");
    Dbprintf("-----------------------------------------");
    for(i=0; i<max_blocks; i++) {
        if(Blocks[i][ALLOC]==1)
            Dbprintf("%02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x",
                     Blocks[i][0], Blocks[i][1], Blocks[i][2], Blocks[i][3], Blocks[i][4], Blocks[i][5], Blocks[i][6], Blocks[i][7],
                    Blocks[i][8], Blocks[i][9], Blocks[i][10], Blocks[i][11], Blocks[i][12], Blocks[i][13], Blocks[i][14], Blocks[i][15]);
        else
            Dbprintf("<missing block %d>", i);
    }
    Dbprintf("-----------------------------------------");

    return ;
}


//-----------------------------------
// EM4469 / EM4305 routines
//-----------------------------------
#define FWD_CMD_LOGIN 0xC //including the even parity, binary mirrored
#define FWD_CMD_WRITE 0xA
#define FWD_CMD_READ 0x9
#define FWD_CMD_DISABLE 0x5


uint8_t forwardLink_data[64]; //array of forwarded bits
uint8_t * forward_ptr; //ptr for forward message preparation
uint8_t fwd_bit_sz; //forwardlink bit counter
uint8_t * fwd_write_ptr; //forwardlink bit pointer

//====================================================================
// prepares command bits
// see EM4469 spec
//====================================================================
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
uint8_t Prepare_Cmd( uint8_t cmd ) {
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------

    *forward_ptr++ = 0; //start bit
    *forward_ptr++ = 0; //second pause for 4050 code

    *forward_ptr++ = cmd;
    cmd >>= 1;
    *forward_ptr++ = cmd;
    cmd >>= 1;
    *forward_ptr++ = cmd;
    cmd >>= 1;
    *forward_ptr++ = cmd;

    return 6; //return number of emited bits
}

//====================================================================
// prepares address bits
// see EM4469 spec
//====================================================================

//--------------------------------------------------------------------
uint8_t Prepare_Addr( uint8_t addr ) {
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------

    register uint8_t line_parity;

    uint8_t i;
    line_parity = 0;
    for(i=0;i<6;i++) {
        *forward_ptr++ = addr;
        line_parity ^= addr;
        addr >>= 1;
    }

    *forward_ptr++ = (line_parity & 1);

    return 7; //return number of emited bits
}

//====================================================================
// prepares data bits intreleaved with parity bits
// see EM4469 spec
//====================================================================

//--------------------------------------------------------------------
uint8_t Prepare_Data( uint16_t data_low, uint16_t data_hi) {
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------

    register uint8_t line_parity;
    register uint8_t column_parity;
    register uint8_t i, j;
    register uint16_t data;

    data = data_low;
    column_parity = 0;

    for(i=0; i<4; i++) {
        line_parity = 0;
        for(j=0; j<8; j++) {
            line_parity ^= data;
            column_parity ^= (data & 1) << j;
            *forward_ptr++ = data;
            data >>= 1;
        }
        *forward_ptr++ = line_parity;
        if(i == 1)
            data = data_hi;
    }

    for(j=0; j<8; j++) {
        *forward_ptr++ = column_parity;
        column_parity >>= 1;
    }
    *forward_ptr = 0;

    return 45; //return number of emited bits
}

//====================================================================
// Forward Link send function
// Requires: forwarLink_data filled with valid bits (1 bit per byte)
// fwd_bit_count set with number of bits to be sent
//====================================================================
void SendForward(uint8_t fwd_bit_count) {

    fwd_write_ptr = forwardLink_data;
    fwd_bit_sz = fwd_bit_count;

    LED_D_ON();

    //Field on
    FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_LF);
    FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 95); //125Khz
    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_ADC | FPGA_LF_ADC_READER_FIELD);

    // Give it a bit of time for the resonant antenna to settle.
    // And for the tag to fully power up
    SpinDelay(150);

    // force 1st mod pulse (start gap must be longer for 4305)
    fwd_bit_sz--; //prepare next bit modulation
    fwd_write_ptr++;
    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF); // field off
    SpinDelayUs(55*8); //55 cycles off (8us each)for 4305
    FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 95); //125Khz
    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_ADC | FPGA_LF_ADC_READER_FIELD);//field on
    SpinDelayUs(16*8); //16 cycles on (8us each)

    // now start writting
    while(fwd_bit_sz-- > 0) { //prepare next bit modulation
        if(((*fwd_write_ptr++) & 1) == 1)
            SpinDelayUs(32*8); //32 cycles at 125Khz (8us each)
        else {
            //These timings work for 4469/4269/4305 (with the 55*8 above)
            FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF); // field off
            SpinDelayUs(23*8); //16-4 cycles off (8us each)
            FpgaSendCommand(FPGA_CMD_SET_DIVISOR, 95); //125Khz
            FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_LF_ADC | FPGA_LF_ADC_READER_FIELD);//field on
            SpinDelayUs(9*8); //16 cycles on (8us each)
        }
    }
}

void EM4xLogin(uint32_t Password) {

    uint8_t fwd_bit_count;

    forward_ptr = forwardLink_data;
    fwd_bit_count = Prepare_Cmd( FWD_CMD_LOGIN );
    fwd_bit_count += Prepare_Data( Password&0xFFFF, Password>>16 );

    SendForward(fwd_bit_count);

    //Wait for command to complete
    SpinDelay(20);

}

void EM4xReadWord(uint8_t Address, uint32_t Pwd, uint8_t PwdMode) {

    uint8_t fwd_bit_count;
    uint8_t *dest = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;
    int m=0, i=0;

    //If password mode do login
    if (PwdMode == 1) EM4xLogin(Pwd);

    forward_ptr = forwardLink_data;
    fwd_bit_count = Prepare_Cmd( FWD_CMD_READ );
    fwd_bit_count += Prepare_Addr( Address );

    m = sizeof(BigBuf);
    // Clear destination buffer before sending the command
    memset(dest, 128, m);
    // Connect the A/D to the peak-detected low-frequency path.
    SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_LOPKD);
    // Now set up the SSC to get the ADC samples that are now streaming at us.
    FpgaSetupSsc();

    SendForward(fwd_bit_count);

    // Now do the acquisition
    i = 0;
    for(;;) {
        if (AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_TXRDY) {
            AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = 0x43;
        }
        if (AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY) {
            dest[i] = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
            i++;
            if (i >= m) break;
        }
    }
    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF); // field off
    LED_D_OFF();
}

void EM4xWriteWord(uint32_t Data, uint8_t Address, uint32_t Pwd, uint8_t PwdMode) {

    uint8_t fwd_bit_count;

    //If password mode do login
    if (PwdMode == 1) EM4xLogin(Pwd);

    forward_ptr = forwardLink_data;
    fwd_bit_count = Prepare_Cmd( FWD_CMD_WRITE );
    fwd_bit_count += Prepare_Addr( Address );
    fwd_bit_count += Prepare_Data( Data&0xFFFF, Data>>16 );

    SendForward(fwd_bit_count);

    //Wait for write to complete
    SpinDelay(20);
    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF); // field off
    LED_D_OFF();
}