git.zerfleddert.de Git - m1-debian/blob - README.md

   1 This pages explains how to install Debian on Apple Silicon machines.
   2
   3 # Tripwires
   4 The USB-A Port on the Mac Mini will not work in u-boot and grub.  The two
   5 additional USB-3 ports on the iMac 4 port model don't work in u-boot, grub
   6 and Linux. In order to install Linux on a FileVault-enabled Mac run the
   7 installer from Recovery open Disk Utility > Expanding "Macintosh HD" >
   8 Selecting locked volume > click "Mount".
   9
  10 # This installation is not suited to be mixed with other ASAHI or BSD installations until further investiation.
  11
  12 # Artefacts
  13 If you don't want to use the prebuild artefacts, you can build them yourself using the [bootstrap.sh](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/bootstrap.sh) script.
  14
  15 # Asahi installer
  16
  17 [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/debian_asahi_installer.mp4)
  18
  19 * Poweroff your Mac. Hold and press the power button until you see a wheel chain and Options written below. Approx 20 seconds.
  20
  21 * In the boot picker, choose Options. Once loaded, open a Terminal under Utilities > Terminal
  22
  23 * Run the asahi installer and select Debian:
  24
  25         curl -sL https://tg.st/d | sh
  26
  27 * Follow the installer instructions.
  28
  29 * Once Debian is booted log in as root without password and set a root password
  30
  31         passwd
  32         pwconv
  33
  34 * Configure wifi by editing the wpa_supplicant.conf, enabling the interface and remove the # before allow-hotplug to enable it during boot.
  35
  36         vi /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
  37         ifup wlp1s0f0
  38         vi /etc/network/interfaces
  39
  40 * Reboot to see if grub was correctly installed
  41
  42         reboot
  43
  44 * Install a desktop environment for example blackbox
  45
  46         apt-get update
  47         apt-get install -y xinit blackbox xterm firefox-esr lightdm
  48
  49 * Create yourself an unprivileged user
  50
  51         useradd -m -c 'Firstname Lastname' -s /bin/bash <username>
  52         passwd <username>
  53
  54 * Optional install sshd. You can not log in as root, but only with your unprivileged user
  55
  56         apt update
  57         apt install -y openssh-server
  58
  59 * Consult the **[/root/quickstart.txt](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/files/quickstart.txt)** file to find out how to do other interesting things.
  60
  61 # Livesystem
  62
  63 [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/live.mp4)
  64
  65 * Prerequisites
  66
  67         - USB Stick. this is what this guide assumes, but it is also possible
  68           to run the Debian livesystem from another PC using m1n1 chainloading.
  69           But if you know how to do that, you probably don't need this guide.
  70         - If possible use an Ethernet Dongle, less typing.
  71
  72 * Create USB Stick with a single vfat partition on it and untar the modified Debian installer on it. Instructions for Linux:
  73
  74         # Identify the usb stick device
  75         lsblk
  76
  77         DEVICE=/dev/sdX
  78         parted -a optimal $DEVICE mklabel msdos
  79         parted -a optimal $DEVICE mkpart primary fat32 2048s 100%
  80         mkfs.vfat ${DEVICE}1
  81         mount ${DEVICE}1 /mnt
  82         curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -C /mnt -xf -
  83         umount /mnt
  84
  85 In order to format the usb stick under Macos, open the disk utility, right-click on the usb stick (usually the lowest device in the list) and select erase. Choose the following options:
  86
  87         Name: LIVE
  88         Format: MS-DOS (FAT)
  89         Scheme: Master Boot Record
  90
  91 Than open a terminal, and run the following commands:
  92
  93         sudo su -
  94         cd /Volumes/LIVE
  95         curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -xf -
  96
  97 * You need to run the asahi installer and have either an OS installed or m1n1+UEFI.
  98
  99 * If you have a EFI binary on the NVMe and want to boot from the usb stick, you need to interrupt u-boot on the countdown by pressing any key and run the following comamnd to boot from usb:
 100
 101         run bootcmd_usb0
 102
 103 * Reboot with the USB stick connected, the Debian livesystem should automatically start, if it doesn't load the kernel and initrd manually, you can use tab. For x try 0,1,2,...
 104
 105         linux (hdX,msdos1)/vmlinuz
 106         initrd (hdX,msdos1)/initrd.gz
 107         boot
 108
 109 * Log in as **root** without password.
 110
 111 * Consult the **[/root/quickstart.txt](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/files/quickstart.txt)** file to find out how to get the networking up, etc.
 112
 113 # FAQ
 114
 115 *  If I install Debian, will it still be relatively easy to update the Asahi work as it develops?
 116
 117 Yes, long answer below.
 118
 119 To update the kernel to the lastest "stable" asahi branch you need to run
 120 as root:
 121
 122         curl -sL https://tg.st/u/ksh | bash
 123
 124 Later it might be necessary to upgrade the stub parition in order to
 125 support the GPU code. As soon as that happens, I'll add the
 126 instructions and a video in order to do so, but short version is:
 127
 128         - Backup /boot/efi/EFI
 129         - Delete the old stub and efi/esp partition
 130         - Rerun the asahi installer with m1n1+u-boot option
 131         - Put the /boot/efi/EFI back
 132
 133 So, you never need to reinstall Debian. Kernel updates are easy, stub
 134 updates are a little bit more cumbersome but also seldom.