git.zerfleddert.de Git - m1-debian/blob - README.md

   1 This pages explains how to install Debian on Apple Silicon machines.
   2
   3 # Tripwires
   4 The USB-A Port on the Mac Mini will not work in u-boot and grub.  The two
   5 additional USB-3 ports on the iMac 4 port model don't work in u-boot, grub
   6 and Linux. In order to install Linux on a FileVault-enabled Mac run the
   7 installer from Recovery open Disk Utility > Expanding "Macintosh HD" >
   8 Selecting locked volume > click "Mount". Debian does not include the choosen
   9 EFI patch. As a result it will always pick the first ESP partition. This can be
  10 problematic if you're using multiple ESP partitions for example when having
  11 multiple Linux and BSD installations.
  12
  13 # Artefacts
  14 If you don't want to use the prebuild artefacts, you can build them yourself
  15 using the following scripts:
  16
  17         - prepare_rust.sh - Prepares a rust installation suitable for kernel compilation
  18         - m1n1_uboot_kernel.sh - Builds m1n1, u-boot and the kernel including gpu support.
  19         - mesa.sh - Creates mesa packages
  20         - bootstrap.sh - Creates Debian root and live filesystem
  21         - meta.sh - Meta package which makes sure that we always get latest and greatest kernel.
  22
  23 # Asahi installer
  24
  25 [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/debian_asahi_installer.mp4)
  26
  27 * Poweroff your Mac. Hold and press the power button until you see a wheel chain and Options written below. Approx 20 seconds.
  28
  29 * In the boot picker, choose Options. Once loaded, open a Terminal under Utilities > Terminal
  30
  31 * Run the asahi installer and select Debian:
  32
  33         curl -sL https://tg.st/d | sh
  34
  35 * Follow the installer instructions.
  36
  37 * Once Debian is booted log in as root without password and set a root password
  38
  39         passwd
  40         pwconv
  41
  42 * Configure wifi by editing the wpa_supplicant.conf, enabling the interface and remove the # before allow-hotplug to enable it during boot.
  43
  44         vi /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
  45         ifup wlan0
  46         vi /etc/network/interfaces
  47
  48 * Reboot to see if grub was correctly installed
  49
  50         reboot
  51
  52 * Install a desktop environment for example blackbox
  53
  54         apt-get update
  55         apt-get install -y xinit blackbox xterm firefox-esr lightdm
  56
  57 * Create yourself an unprivileged user
  58
  59         useradd -m -c 'Firstname Lastname' -s /bin/bash <username>
  60         passwd <username>
  61
  62 * Optional install sshd. You can not log in as root, but only with your unprivileged user
  63
  64         apt update
  65         apt install -y openssh-server
  66
  67 * Consult the **[/root/quickstart.txt](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/files/quickstart.txt)** file to find out how to do other interesting things.
  68
  69 # Livesystem
  70
  71 [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/live.mp4)
  72
  73 * Prerequisites
  74
  75         - USB Stick. this is what this guide assumes, but it is also possible
  76           to run the Debian livesystem from another PC using m1n1 chainloading.
  77           But if you know how to do that, you probably don't need this guide.
  78         - If possible use an Ethernet Dongle, less typing.
  79
  80 * Create USB Stick with a single vfat partition on it and untar the modified Debian installer on it. Instructions for Linux:
  81
  82         # Identify the usb stick device
  83         lsblk
  84
  85         DEVICE=/dev/sdX
  86         parted -a optimal $DEVICE mklabel msdos
  87         parted -a optimal $DEVICE mkpart primary fat32 2048s 100%
  88         mkfs.vfat ${DEVICE}1
  89         mount ${DEVICE}1 /mnt
  90         curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -C /mnt -xf -
  91         umount /mnt
  92
  93 In order to format the usb stick under Macos, open the disk utility, right-click on the usb stick (usually the lowest device in the list) and select erase. Choose the following options:
  94
  95         Name: LIVE
  96         Format: MS-DOS (FAT)
  97         Scheme: Master Boot Record
  98
  99 Than open a terminal, and run the following commands:
 100
 101         sudo su -
 102         cd /Volumes/LIVE
 103         curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -xf -
 104
 105 * You need to run the asahi installer and have either an OS installed or m1n1+UEFI.
 106
 107 * If you have a EFI binary on the NVMe and want to boot from the usb stick, you need to interrupt u-boot on the countdown by pressing any key and run the following comamnd to boot from usb:
 108
 109         run bootcmd_usb0
 110
 111 * Reboot with the USB stick connected, the Debian livesystem should automatically start, if it doesn't load the kernel and initrd manually, you can use tab. For x try 0,1,2,...
 112
 113         linux (hdX,msdos1)/vmlinuz
 114         initrd (hdX,msdos1)/initrd.gz
 115         boot
 116
 117 * Log in as **root** without password.
 118
 119 * Consult the **[/root/quickstart.txt](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/files/quickstart.txt)** file to find out how to get the networking up, etc.
 120
 121 # FAQ
 122
 123 ## Are you still maintaining this?
 124
 125 Yes, I do and will continue doing this until there is an official Debian installer.
 126
 127 ## If I install Debian, will it be easy to update the Asahi work as it develops?
 128
 129 Yes, long answer below.
 130
 131 To update the kernel to the lastest "stable" asahi branch you need to run
 132 as root:
 133
 134         apt update
 135         apt upgrade
 136
 137 For installations before 2022-12-12, see <https://thomas.glanzmann.de/asahi/README.txt>
 138
 139 Later it might be necessary to upgrade the stub parition in order to
 140 support the GPU code. As soon as that happens, I'll add the
 141 instructions and a video in order to do so, but short version is:
 142
 143         - Backup /boot/efi/EFI
 144         - Delete the old stub and efi/esp partition
 145         - Rerun the asahi installer with m1n1+u-boot option
 146         - Put the /boot/efi/EFI back
 147
 148 So, you never need to reinstall Debian. Kernel updates are easy, stub
 149 updates are a little bit more cumbersome but also seldom.
 150
 151 ## How do I compile zfs on apple silicon debian?
 152
 153 - In order to build zfs you need the rust environment. So from the m1-debian
 154   repository you have to run these scripts:
 155
 156         ./dependencies.sh
 157         ./prepare_rust.sh
 158
 159 - Prepare your zfs build environment. You need to replace
 160   /home/sithglan/work/m1-debian with your path to
 161   your m1-debian checkout:
 162
 163         export CARGO_HOME="/home/sithglan/work/m1-debian/build/cargo"
 164         export RUSTUP_HOME="/home/sithglan/work/m1-debian/build/rust"
 165         source "/home/sithglan/work/m1-debian/build/cargo/env"
 166
 167 - You have to specify the default rust version:
 168
 169         rustup default 1.68.2
 170
 171 - Tell zfs which version of clang you use to compile the kernel:
 172
 173         export KERNEL_LLVM=-15
 174
 175 - Checkout ZFS:
 176
 177         git clone https://github.com/openzfs/zfs
 178         cd ./zfs
 179         git checkout master
 180
 181 - Apply the following patch:
 182
 183         diff --git a/META b/META
 184         index 3919b0d..67c9f7d 100644
 185         --- a/META
 186         +++ b/META
 187         @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Branch:        1.0
 188         Version:       2.2.99
 189         Release:       1
 190         Release-Tags:  relext
 191         -License:       CDDL
 192         +License:       GPL
 193         Author:        OpenZFS
 194         Linux-Maximum: 6.4
 195         Linux-Minimum: 3.10
 196
 197 - Build ZFS:
 198
 199         sh autogen.sh
 200         ./configure
 201         make -s -j$(nproc)
 202
 203 - Follow the instructions on <https://openzfs.github.io/openzfs-docs/Developer%20Resources/Building%20ZFS.html> how to install it.